An operating tunnel settlement deformation monitoring system and method

Abstract

This invention provides a settlement deformation monitoring system and method for operating tunnels, relating to the field of tunnel monitoring technology. The system includes a mounting frame with both ends fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel. A drive unit activates a monitoring unit that rotates along the tunnel's inner wall. When the monitoring unit encounters settlement deformation during rotation, its length is compressed, increasing the air pressure inside. When a pressure sensor detects this pressure change, it indicates that settlement deformation has occurred. During rotation, a corresponding mark appears on the marking unit at the compressed location, thus marking the location of the settlement deformation. This eliminates the need for drilling and fixing in the surrounding rock of the tunnel's arch surface, enabling dynamic settlement detection of the surrounding rock or roof slab.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel monitoring technology, specifically to an operational tunnel settlement and deformation monitoring system and method. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel is an engineering structure buried in the earth's strata, representing a form of human utilization of underground space. Tunnels can be categorized into traffic tunnels, hydraulic tunnels, municipal tunnels, mining tunnels, and military tunnels. The 1970 Tunnel Conference of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defined a tunnel as: "a cavern with a cross-sectional area greater than 2 square meters, constructed underground by any method according to a prescribed shape and size for a specific purpose."

[0003] Existing devices for monitoring settlement in operating tunnels mostly involve installing multiple fiber optic height gauges on the tunnel's arch surface and then using a laser rangefinder to calculate and monitor settlement values. However, these monitoring devices are fixedly installed on the arch surface. Since the surrounding rock or roof slab on the arch surface is mostly made up of multiple pieces laid together, the installation of these multiple fiber optic height gauges requires drilling holes in the surrounding rock for fixation, which affects the safe use of the surrounding rock and also fails to achieve dynamic settlement monitoring of the surrounding rock or roof slab on the arch surface. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an operational tunnel settlement deformation monitoring system and method, which aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, the installation of multiple fiber optic grating height difference gauges must be fixed by drilling in the surrounding rock, which will affect the safe use of the surrounding rock, and at the same time cannot realize dynamic settlement monitoring of the surrounding rock or roof on the arch surface.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: the operational tunnel settlement and deformation monitoring system includes a mounting frame, which is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel; Monitoring Unit: Installed on the mounting frame, the monitoring unit can rotate along the arc surface of the tunnel roof and its length can be extended or retracted. When the length of the monitoring unit is shortened, it can detect the settlement and deformation of the surrounding rock on the top arch surface of the tunnel inner wall. The monitoring unit includes a sleeve rotatably connected to the front of the mounting frame. A connecting rod is slidably connected inside the sleeve, and the top end of the connecting rod extends to the outside of the sleeve. A sealing sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod, and the sealing sleeve is slidably connected inside the sleeve. A pressure sensor is installed on the inner bottom wall of the sleeve. The pressure sensor can monitor the pressure inside the sleeve. When the pressure increases, it indicates that the surrounding rock of the arch surface at the top of the tunnel inner wall has settled and deformed. A fixing frame is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting rod. A rotating roller is rotatably connected inside the fixing frame, and the rotating roller can contact the top wall of the tunnel. A ring is sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod, and a first elastic reset member is sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod. The two ends of the first elastic reset member are fixedly connected to the ring and the side of the fixing frame that are close to each other, respectively. Drive unit: mounted on the mounting bracket, used to drive the monitoring unit to rotate along the arc surface of the top wall; Marking unit: Installed on the mounting frame, the marking unit can mark the location of settlement deformation inside the tunnel.

[0006] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the first elastic reset member is a compression spring.

[0007] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the driving part includes a rotary driving device fixedly connected to the back of the mounting bracket, the output end of the rotary driving device is fixedly connected to a rotating rod, and the end of the rotating rod away from the rotary driving device is rotatably connected to a ring through a pulley.

[0008] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the rotation drive device is a servo motor.

[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is that a guide portion is provided on the mounting bracket for guiding the connecting rod.

[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the guide part includes a semi-circular plate fixedly connected to the mounting frame, an arc-shaped groove is provided in the semi-circular plate, a pulley is slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove, and the curvature of the arc-shaped groove is the same as the curvature of the tunnel top wall.

[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the marking part includes an arc-shaped plate fixedly connected to the mounting frame, and the curvature of the arc-shaped plate is the same as the curvature of the tunnel top wall. A plurality of positioning rods arranged at equal distances are slidably connected inside the arc-shaped plate. A scraper is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the mounting frame, and the scraper is located directly above the positioning rods. A magnetic element is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning rod. When the magnetic element contacts the surface of the semi-circular plate, the magnetic element can be attracted to the semi-circular plate. A second elastic reset element is sleeved on the surface of the positioning rod, and the two ends of the second elastic reset element are fixedly connected to the magnetic element and the arc-shaped plate respectively.

[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the second elastic reset member is a tension spring.

[0013] The method for monitoring settlement and deformation of an operational tunnel includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix both ends of the mounting frame to the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the rotating roller contacts the inner wall of the tunnel; Step 2: Start the drive unit to rotate the monitoring unit along the inner wall of the tunnel. If the monitoring unit encounters settlement deformation in the tunnel during the rotation, the length of the monitoring unit will be compressed. The air pressure sensor can detect the air pressure inside the monitoring unit. Conversely, when the length of the monitoring unit is shortened, the air pressure inside the monitoring unit will increase. When the air pressure sensor detects the change in air pressure inside the monitoring unit, it can be known that the tunnel has settled deformation. Step 3: When the monitoring unit rotates, if it encounters settlement deformation in the tunnel, it will squeeze the marking unit. The squeezed position on the marking unit will show a corresponding mark, thus marking the location of settlement deformation in the tunnel.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The two ends of the mounting frame are fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the rotating roller is in contact with the inner wall of the tunnel. The drive unit is started, causing the monitoring unit to rotate along the inner wall of the tunnel. When the monitoring unit encounters settlement deformation in the tunnel during rotation, the length of the monitoring unit will be compressed, and the air pressure sensor can detect the air pressure inside the monitoring unit. Conversely, when the length of the monitoring unit is shortened, the air pressure inside the monitoring unit will increase. When the air pressure sensor detects the change in air pressure inside the monitoring unit, it can be known that the tunnel has settled. When the monitoring unit encounters settlement deformation in the tunnel during rotation, it will squeeze the marking part. The corresponding mark will appear on the compressed part, thus marking the location of settlement deformation in the tunnel. This allows for dynamic settlement detection of the surrounding rock or roof slab on the tunnel arch surface without drilling holes for fixing. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a rear view in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sleeve in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the marking part in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Mounting frame; 2. Monitoring unit; 21. Connecting rod; 22. Sleeve; 23. Fixing frame; 24. Rotating roller; 25. Sealing sleeve; 26. Pressure sensor; 27. First elastic reset component; 28. Ring; 3. Driving unit; 31. Rotary driving device; 32. Rotating rod; 33. Pulley; 4. Guide unit; 41. Semicircular plate; 42. Arc-shaped groove; 5. Marking unit; 51. Arc-shaped plate; 52. Scraper; 53. Positioning rod; 54. Magnetic component; 55. Second elastic reset component. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1-4 As shown, an operational tunnel settlement deformation monitoring system includes a mounting frame 1, installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. A monitoring unit 2 is mounted on the mounting frame 1 for mobile settlement deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock at the top arch of the tunnel's inner wall. The monitoring unit 2 can rotate along the arc surface of the tunnel's top wall, and its length can extend or retract. When the monitoring unit 2 encounters settlement in the surrounding rock at the top arch of the tunnel's inner wall during rotation, its length is compressed. This shortened length allows for the detection of settlement deformation in the surrounding rock at the top arch of the tunnel's inner wall. A driving unit 3 is provided on the mounting frame 1 to drive the monitoring unit 2 to rotate along the arc surface of the top wall. A marking unit 5 is also provided on the mounting frame 1. When the monitoring unit 2 rotates and encounters settlement in the surrounding rock at the top arch of the tunnel's inner wall, the marking unit 5 marks the location of the settlement deformation within the tunnel, facilitating maintenance and construction by workers.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the monitoring unit 2 includes a sleeve 22 rotatably connected to the front of the mounting frame 1. A connecting rod 21 is slidably connected inside the sleeve 22, and the top end of the connecting rod 21 extends to the outside of the sleeve 22. A sealing sleeve 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod 21, and the sealing sleeve 25 is slidably connected inside the sleeve 22. A pressure sensor 26 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the sleeve 22. When the connecting rod 21 moves towards the inside of the sleeve 22, the connecting rod 21 and the sealing sleeve 25 can compress the air inside the sleeve 22. The pressure sensor 26 can monitor the air pressure inside the sleeve 22. When the air pressure increases, it indicates that the surrounding rock of the arch surface at the top of the tunnel inner wall has settled and deformed. A fixing frame 2 is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting rod 21. 3. A rotating roller 24 is rotatably connected inside the fixed frame 23, and the rotating roller 24 can contact the top wall of the tunnel. When the surrounding rock of the arch surface at the top of the inner wall of the tunnel experiences settlement and deformation, the rotating roller 24 can push the connecting rod 21 to move into the sleeve 22. A ring 28 is sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod 21, and a first elastic reset member 27 is sleeved on the surface of the connecting rod 21. The two ends of the first elastic reset member 27 are fixedly connected to the ring 28 and the side of the fixed frame 23 that are close to each other. The first elastic reset member 27 is a compression spring. When the connecting rod 21 moves into the sleeve 22, it can be easily driven to reset, so that the connecting rod 21 can always be in contact with the top wall of the tunnel.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the drive unit 3 includes a rotary drive device 31 fixedly connected to the back of the mounting frame 1. The rotary drive device 31 is a servo motor. A rotating rod 32 is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary drive device 31. The end of the rotating rod 32 away from the rotary drive device 31 is rotatably connected to the ring 28 through a pulley 33. When the output end of the rotary drive device 31 rotates, it can drive the rotating rod 32 to rotate. Then, the rotation of the rotating rod 32 can drive the connecting rod 21 to rotate through the pulley 33 and the ring 28, thereby facilitating the monitoring of the surrounding rock of the arch surface at the top of the inner wall of the tunnel. A guide part 4 is provided on the mounting frame 1 to guide the connecting rod 21, so that the connecting rod 21 can rotate more easily.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the guide part 4 includes a semi-circular plate 41 fixedly connected to the mounting frame 1. An arc-shaped groove 42 is provided in the semi-circular plate 41. The pulley 33 is slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove 42. The curvature of the arc-shaped groove 42 is the same as the curvature of the tunnel roof, so that the connecting rod 21 can rotate along the arc-shaped groove 42.

[0025] like Figure 4As shown, the marking part 5 includes an arc-shaped plate 51 fixedly connected to the mounting frame 1, and the curvature of the arc-shaped plate 51 is the same as the curvature of the tunnel roof. Several positioning rods 53 arranged at equal intervals are slidably connected inside the arc-shaped plate 51. A scraper 52 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the fixing frame 23, and the scraper 52 is located directly above the positioning rods 53. A magnetic element 54 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning rod 53. When the magnetic element 54 contacts the surface of the semi-circular plate 41, the magnetic element 54 can adhere to the semi-circular plate 41, thereby fixing the positioning rod 53. When the tunnel... When the surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel wall shows signs of settlement and deformation, the downward movement of the fixing frame 23 can push the positioning rod 53 to move through the scraper 52. By observing the position of the positioning rod 53, the location of the settlement and deformation of the surrounding rock at the top of the tunnel wall can be determined. The surface of the positioning rod 53 is fitted with a second elastic reset member 55, and the two ends of the second elastic reset member 55 are fixedly connected to the magnetic member 54 and the arc plate 51 respectively. The second elastic reset member 55 is a tension spring, which can easily reset the positioning rod 53 and the magnetic member 54.

[0026] A method for monitoring settlement and deformation in an operational tunnel includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix both ends of the mounting frame 1 to the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the rotating roller 24 contacts the inner wall of the tunnel; Step 2: Start the drive unit 3 to rotate the monitoring unit 2 along the inner wall of the tunnel. If the monitoring unit 2 encounters settlement deformation in the tunnel during the rotation, the length of the monitoring unit 2 will be compressed, and the air pressure sensor 26 can detect the air pressure inside the monitoring unit 2. Conversely, when the length of the monitoring unit 2 is shortened, the air pressure inside the monitoring unit 2 will increase. When the air pressure sensor 26 detects the change in air pressure inside the monitoring unit 2, it can be known that the tunnel has settled deformation. Step 3: When the monitoring unit 2 is rotating, if the tunnel experiences settlement deformation, it will squeeze the marking unit 5. The squeezed position on the marking unit 5 will show a corresponding mark, thus marking the location of the tunnel settlement deformation.

[0027] Working principle: Fix both ends of the mounting frame 1 to the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the rotating roller 24 contacts the inner wall of the tunnel; start the drive unit 3, so that the drive unit 3 starts the monitoring unit 2 to rotate along the inner wall of the tunnel. When the monitoring unit 2 encounters the tunnel settlement deformation during the rotation, the length of the monitoring unit 2 will be compressed, and the air pressure sensor 26 can detect the air pressure inside the monitoring unit 2. Conversely, when the length of the monitoring unit 2 is shortened, the air pressure inside the monitoring unit 2 will increase. When the air pressure sensor 26 detects the change in air pressure inside the monitoring unit 2, it can be known that the tunnel has settled. When the monitoring unit 2 encounters the tunnel settlement deformation during the rotation, it will squeeze the marking part 5. The squeezed position on the marking part 5 will show a corresponding mark, thereby marking the position of the tunnel settlement deformation. It can achieve dynamic settlement detection of the surrounding rock or roof plate on the arch surface without drilling holes for fixing in the surrounding rock of the tunnel arch surface.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0029] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A settlement and deformation monitoring system for operating tunnels, characterized in that: Includes a mounting bracket (1), which is installed on the inner wall of the tunnel; Monitoring unit (2): Installed on the mounting frame (1), the monitoring unit (2) can rotate along the arc surface of the tunnel top wall, and the length of the monitoring unit (2) can be extended and retracted. When the length of the monitoring unit (2) is shortened, it can detect the settlement and deformation of the surrounding rock of the arch surface at the top of the tunnel inner wall. The monitoring unit (2) includes a sleeve (22) rotatably connected to the front of the mounting bracket (1). A connecting rod (21) is slidably connected inside the sleeve (22), and the top end of the connecting rod (21) extends to the outside of the sleeve (22). A sealing sleeve (25) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod (21), and the sealing sleeve (25) is slidably connected inside the sleeve (22). A pressure sensor (26) is installed on the inner bottom wall of the sleeve (22). The pressure sensor (26) can monitor the pressure inside the sleeve (22). When the pressure increases, it indicates that the tunnel... The surrounding rock of the inner wall of the tunnel has settled and deformed. The top of the connecting rod (21) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (23). The fixing frame (23) is rotatably connected to the rotating roller (24), and the rotating roller (24) can contact the top wall of the tunnel. The surface of the connecting rod (21) is fitted with a ring (28), and the surface of the connecting rod (21) is fitted with a first elastic reset member (27). The two ends of the first elastic reset member (27) are fixedly connected to the ring (28) and the fixing frame (23) respectively. Drive unit (3): mounted on the mounting bracket (1), used to drive the monitoring unit (2) to rotate along the arc surface of the top wall; Marking part (5): Set on the mounting frame (1), the marking part (5) can mark the location of settlement deformation in the tunnel; The mounting bracket (1) is provided with a guide (4) for guiding the connecting rod (21); The guide part (4) includes a semi-circular plate (41) fixedly connected to the mounting frame (1), an arc-shaped groove (42) is provided in the semi-circular plate (41), a pulley (33) is slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove (42), and the curvature of the arc-shaped groove (42) is the same as the curvature of the tunnel top wall. The marking part (5) includes an arc plate (51) fixedly connected to the mounting frame (1), and the curvature of the arc plate (51) is the same as the curvature of the tunnel top wall. Several positioning rods (53) are slidably connected inside the arc plate (51). A scraper (52) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the fixing frame (23), and the scraper (52) is located directly above the positioning rods (53). A magnetic element (54) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning rod (53). When the magnetic element (54) contacts the surface of the semicircular plate (41), the magnetic element (54) can be attracted to the semicircular plate (41). A second elastic reset element (55) is sleeved on the surface of the positioning rod (53), and the two ends of the second elastic reset element (55) are fixedly connected to the magnetic element (54) and the arc plate (51) respectively.

2. The settlement and deformation monitoring system for operating tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first elastic reset element (27) is a compression spring.

3. The settlement and deformation monitoring system for operating tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive unit (3) includes a rotary drive device (31) fixedly connected to the back of the mounting bracket (1). The output end of the rotary drive device (31) is fixedly connected to a rotating rod (32), and the end of the rotating rod (32) away from the rotary drive device (31) is rotatably connected to the ring (28) through a pulley (33).

4. The settlement and deformation monitoring system for operating tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotary drive device (31) is a servo motor.

5. The settlement and deformation monitoring system for operating tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second elastic reset member (55) is a tension spring.

6. A method for monitoring settlement and deformation in operational tunnels, characterized in that, The method applied to the settlement and deformation monitoring system for an operating tunnel as described in claim 1 includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix both ends of the mounting bracket (1) to the inner wall of the tunnel, so that the rotating roller (24) comes into contact with the inner wall of the tunnel; Step 2: Start the drive unit (3) to make the monitoring unit (2) rotate along the inner wall of the tunnel. If the monitoring unit (2) encounters a situation of settlement deformation in the tunnel during the rotation, the length of the monitoring unit (2) will be compressed. The air pressure sensor (26) can detect the air pressure inside the monitoring unit (2). Conversely, when the length of the monitoring unit (2) is shortened, the air pressure inside the monitoring unit (2) will increase. Step 3: When the monitoring unit (2) is rotating, if the tunnel experiences settlement deformation, it will squeeze the marking unit (5). The corresponding mark will appear on the squeezed position of the marking unit (5), thereby marking the position where the tunnel experiences settlement deformation.

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