Karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy detection and hydrogeological research, which comprises a shell; the bottom of the first shell is connected with the top of an upper distance measuring assembly, the bottom of the upper distance measuring assembly is connected with the top of a fixed end, the bottom of a fixed end of a flow measuring assembly is connected with the top of a lower distance measuring assembly; the upper and lower ends of a movable end of the flow measuring assembly are respectively connected with the interiors of the upper and lower distance measuring assemblies; a total conductor is sequentially located in the interiors of the upper distance measuring assembly, the movable end of the flow measuring assembly and the lower distance measuring assembly from top to bottom, and is connected with the electric control ends of the upper distance measuring assembly, the flow measuring assembly and the lower distance measuring assembly; the flow measuring assembly comprises a rotating assembly and a speed measuring assembly. Through the above mode, the orientation of the propeller is adjusted through the swing rod and the tail wing, so that the flow velocity measurement is more accurate; through the stabilizing device, the device can be prevented from being greatly shaken in the water flow, and the measurement accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of water conservancy testing and hydrogeological research technology, specifically to a monitoring device and method for monitoring water and soil loss in karst caves. Background Technology

[0002] Karst areas are prone to cave formation due to their geological conditions. Under natural conditions and the influence of human activities, the overlying soil layer is easily carried by surface water and atmospheric precipitation into underground water caves along karst conduits, fissures, and sinkholes, causing water and soil loss in karst areas and thus damaging the ecological environment. Therefore, corresponding monitoring devices are needed to test the water and soil loss in karst caves, so as to facilitate the implementation of corresponding survey and protection measures for the ecological environment.

[0003] The invention disclosed in CN115561482B is a liquid level and flow rate monitoring device, which measures the flow rate through an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic receiver, and can use a lifting column to control the height of the measuring element, thereby measuring the liquid level at different heights.

[0004] However, the invention described above cannot measure the distance between the current liquid level and the bottom and sides of the cave, nor can it measure the cross-sectional width of the liquid at each height, nor can it accurately measure the specific flow rate, making it difficult to calculate the amount of sediment loss.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention designs a water and soil leakage monitoring device and monitoring method for karst caves in karst areas to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a monitoring device and method for monitoring water and soil loss in karst caves.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A device for monitoring water and soil loss in karst caves, comprising a shell;

[0009] The bottom of the first housing is connected to the top of the upper ranging component for detecting the horizontal distance to the rock wall, the bottom of the upper ranging component is connected to the top of the fixed end of the flow measuring component for measuring the water flow velocity, and the bottom of the fixed end of the flow measuring component is connected to the top of the lower ranging component for measuring the vertical distance to the riverbed.

[0010] The upper and lower ends of the movable end of the flow measuring component are respectively connected to the interior of the upper and lower ranging components;

[0011] The main conductor is located from top to bottom inside the upper ranging component, the moving end of the current measuring component, and the lower ranging component, and is connected to the electrical control terminals of the upper ranging component, the current measuring component, and the lower ranging component.

[0012] The flow measurement component includes a rotating component and a speed measuring component; the top and bottom ends of the fixed end of the rotating component are respectively connected to the bottom of the upper distance measuring component and the top of the lower distance measuring component, and the upper and lower ends of the movable end of the rotating component are respectively connected to the inner walls of the upper distance measuring component and the lower distance measuring component; the speed measuring component is connected to the middle of the movable end of the rotating component, the speed measuring component is located inside the fixed end of the rotating component, and the electrical control end of the speed measuring component is connected to the main conductor.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the upper ranging component is connected to multiple sets of lead rings, and the inner wall of the lead rings is connected to the lower end of the side wall of the first housing.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotating assembly includes an upper rotating ball, a lower rotating ball, a connecting rod, a swing rod, a tail fin, and a water inlet net; the top and bottom of the water inlet net are respectively connected to the bottom of the upper ranging assembly and the top of the lower ranging assembly, and the upper and lower ends of the side wall of the connecting rod are respectively rotatably connected to the inner walls of the upper and lower ranging assemblies; the top and bottom of the connecting rod are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper rotating ball and the top of the lower rotating ball, and the side walls of the upper and lower rotating balls are respectively connected to the inner walls of the upper and lower ranging assemblies; the upper rotating ball, the lower rotating ball, and the connecting rod are hollow inside and connected sequentially from top to bottom, and the top of the cavity of the upper rotating ball and the bottom of the cavity of the lower rotating ball are respectively connected to the interior of the upper ranging assembly and the interior of the lower ranging assembly; the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the inner end of multiple sets of swing rods, and the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the inner end of the tail fin; the swing rods and the tail fin are both located inside the water inlet net; a speed measuring assembly is installed at the middle end of the connecting rod.

[0015] Furthermore, the speed measuring assembly includes a propeller, a screw rod, a conductive cam, and a flow measuring lead box; the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the screw rod, and the inner and outer ends of the screw rod are fixedly connected to the conductive cam and the outer end of the propeller, respectively; the middle end of the inner wall of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the flow measuring lead box, the contact end of the conductive cam is in contact with the conductive cam, and the flow measuring lead box is electrically connected to the main wire through a wire.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper ranging assembly includes a second housing, a first rotating cavity, a horizontal ranging cavity, and a horizontal ranging instrument; the top and bottom of the second housing are threadedly connected to the bottom of the first housing and the top of the water inlet mesh, respectively; the upper end of the inner wall of the second housing has a first rotating cavity, and the side wall of the upper rotating ball is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first rotating cavity; multiple sets of horizontal ranging cavities are opened in the middle of the side wall of the second housing, and a horizontal ranging instrument is embedded in the inner wall of each horizontal ranging cavity, and the inner end of each horizontal ranging instrument is electrically connected to the main conductor through a wire passing through the side wall of the second housing and the connecting rod.

[0017] Furthermore, the horizontal rangefinders are evenly distributed in four groups along the circumference of the second housing.

[0018] Furthermore, the lower ranging assembly includes a third housing, a second rotating cavity, a vertical ranging cavity, and a vertical ranging instrument; the top of the third housing is threadedly connected to the bottom of the water inlet network, the upper end of the inner wall of the third housing has a second rotating cavity, and the side wall of the lower rotating ball is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second rotating cavity; the bottom of the third housing has a vertical ranging cavity, the vertical ranging instrument is embedded inside the vertical ranging cavity, and the top of the vertical ranging instrument is electrically connected to the main conductor through a wire.

[0019] Furthermore, both the second and third housings are assembled from two symmetrical housing parts connected by screw threads.

[0020] Furthermore, the horizontal and vertical rangefinders are BA9D-60m laser rangefinders.

[0021] To better achieve the objectives of this invention, this invention also provides a monitoring method for a karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Suspend the first shell inside the karst cave. Place the water inlet net, upper distance measuring component, and lower distance measuring component of the flow measuring assembly underwater. Install a lead ring at the lower end of the first shell to stabilize the device. If the water flow inside the cave is in a flowing state, the water flow will pass through the water inlet net. The swing rod and tail fin are affected by the water flow, which drives the upper rotating ball, lower rotating ball, and connecting rod to rotate, so that the propeller of the speed measuring component is always opposite to the direction of the water flow.

[0023] Step 2: The propeller rotates under the influence of the water flow, which in turn drives the propeller shaft and the conductive cam to rotate. The conductive cam periodically contacts the contact end of the flow measuring lead box according to the rotation speed, emitting an electrical signal. This signal is transmitted to the external processor through the main wire, and the rotation speed of the propeller is obtained based on the signal frequency, thereby obtaining the magnitude of the water flow velocity.

[0024] Step 3: The horizontal distance measuring instrument installed in the horizontal distance measuring cavity on the second shell of the upper distance measuring component can measure the distance to the rock walls in various directions. The vertical distance measuring instrument installed in the vertical distance measuring cavity on the third shell can determine the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body, thereby obtaining the average flow cross-sectional area. By periodically sampling at a set time, the average water depth, average flow cross-sectional area, and average flow velocity over a period of time can be obtained, thereby obtaining the average flow rate.

[0025] Step 4: By sampling the water in the karst cave at the site, the sediment content in the water is obtained. Based on the flow rate obtained by the detector, the sediment content of the flowing water over a period of time can be determined. Then, by calculating the product of the change in the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector over a period of time and the cross-sectional area of ​​the karst cave, the bottom sedimentation is obtained. The two are added together to obtain the total amount of soil and water loss.

[0026] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0027] 1. This invention adjusts the propeller's orientation by using a swing rod and tail fin, ensuring the propeller always faces the water flow direction, thus making flow velocity measurement more accurate; the lead ring stabilizes the center of gravity, preventing significant swaying of the device in the water flow, improving the device's stability and measurement accuracy.

[0028] 2. The present invention uses a horizontal distance measuring instrument installed in the horizontal distance measuring cavity on the second shell of the upper distance measuring component to measure the distance to the rock wall in various directions, thereby obtaining the average flow cross-sectional area. Combined with the rotational speed of the propeller of the velocity measuring component of the flow measuring component, the corresponding flow rate can be obtained, which is convenient for calculating the amount of sediment loss.

[0029] 3. The present invention uses a vertical rangefinder installed on the vertical rangefinder cavity of the third shell to determine the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body, thereby calculating the thickness of sediment deposition at the bottom of the cave and using it to calculate the bottom sediment volume. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 The three-dimensional water and soil leakage monitoring device for karst caves in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a front view of the karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 The three-dimensional water and soil leakage monitoring device for karst caves in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 4 For along Figure 2 A sectional view along the AA direction;

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0037] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0038] The labels in the diagram represent:

[0039] 1. First housing; 2. Flow measuring assembly; 21. Rotating assembly; 211. Upper rotating ball; 212. Lower rotating ball; 213. Connecting rod; 214. Swinging rod; 215. Tail fin; 216. Water inlet net; 22. Velocity measuring assembly; 221. Propeller; 222. Spiral rod; 223. Conductive cam; 224. Flow measuring lead box; 3. Upper distance measuring assembly; 31. Second housing; 32. First rotating cavity; 33. Horizontal distance measuring cavity; 34. Horizontal distance measuring instrument; 4. Lower distance measuring assembly; 41. Third housing; 42. Second rotating cavity; 43. Vertical distance measuring cavity; 44. Vertical distance measuring instrument; 5. Main conductor; 6. Lead ring. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0042] In some embodiments, please refer to the appendix to the instruction manual. Figure 1-7 A monitoring device for water and soil loss in karst caves, comprising a first housing 1;

[0043] The bottom of the first housing 1 is connected to the top of the upper distance measuring component 3 for detecting the horizontal distance to the rock wall. The bottom of the upper distance measuring component 3 is connected to the top of the fixed end of the flow measuring component 2 for measuring the flow velocity. The bottom of the fixed end of the flow measuring component 2 is connected to the top of the lower distance measuring component 4 for measuring the vertical distance to the riverbed.

[0044] The upper and lower ends of the movable end of the flow measuring component 2 are respectively connected to the interior of the upper ranging component 3 and the lower ranging component 4;

[0045] The main conductor 5 is located from top to bottom inside the upper ranging component 3, the moving end of the current measuring component 2, and the lower ranging component 4, and is connected to the electrical control terminals of the upper ranging component 3, the current measuring component 2, and the lower ranging component 4.

[0046] Preferably, the top of the upper ranging component 3 is connected to multiple sets of lead rings 6, and the inner wall of the lead rings 6 is connected to the lower end of the side wall of the first housing 1.

[0047] The flow measurement component 2 includes a rotating component 21 and a speed measuring component 22. The top and bottom ends of the fixed end of the rotating component 21 are connected to the bottom of the upper distance measuring component 3 and the top of the lower distance measuring component 4, respectively. The upper and lower ends of the movable end of the rotating component 21 are connected to the inner walls of the upper distance measuring component 3 and the lower distance measuring component 4, respectively. The speed measuring component 22 is connected to the middle of the movable end of the rotating component 21. The speed measuring component 22 is located inside the fixed end of the rotating component 21. The electrical control end of the speed measuring component 22 is connected to the main conductor 5.

[0048] The rotating assembly 21 includes an upper rotating ball 211, a lower rotating ball 212, a connecting rod 213, a swing rod 214, a tail fin 215, and a water inlet net 216. The top and bottom of the water inlet net 216 are respectively connected to the bottom of the upper ranging assembly 3 and the top of the lower ranging assembly 4. The upper and lower ends of the side wall of the connecting rod 213 are respectively rotatably connected to the inner walls of the upper ranging assembly 3 and the lower ranging assembly 4. The top and bottom of the connecting rod 213 are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper rotating ball 211 and the top of the lower rotating ball 212. The side walls of the upper rotating ball 211 and the lower rotating ball 212 are respectively connected to the inner walls of the upper ranging assembly 3 and the lower ranging assembly 4. The inner wall of the lower ranging component 4 is connected; the upper rotating ball 211, the lower rotating ball 212 and the connecting rod 213 are hollow inside and connected from top to bottom, and the top of the cavity of the upper rotating ball 211 and the bottom of the cavity of the lower rotating ball 212 are respectively connected to the interior of the upper ranging component 3 and the interior of the lower ranging component 4; the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod 213 is fixedly connected to the inner end of multiple swing rods 214, and the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod 213 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the tail fin 215. The swing rods 214 and the tail fin 215 are both located inside the water inlet net 216; a speed measuring component 22 is installed at the middle end of the connecting rod 213.

[0049] The speed measuring assembly 22 includes a propeller 221, a screw rod 222, a conductive cam 223, and a flow measuring lead box 224; the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod 213 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the screw rod 222, and the inner and outer ends of the screw rod 222 are respectively fixedly connected to the conductive cam 223 and the outer end of the propeller 221; the middle end of the inner wall of the connecting rod 213 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the flow measuring lead box 224, the contact end of the conductive cam 223 is in contact with the conductive cam 223, and the flow measuring lead box 224 is electrically connected to the main lead box 5 through a wire.

[0050] In operation, the first housing 1 is suspended inside a karst cave. The water inlet net 216, upper distance measuring component 3, and lower distance measuring component 4 of the flow measuring component 2 are all placed underwater. A lead ring 6 is installed at the lower end of the first housing 1 to stabilize the device. If the water flow inside the cave is in a flowing state, the water flow will pass through the water inlet net 216. The swing rod 214 and tail fin 215 are affected by the water flow, driving the upper rotating ball 211, lower rotating ball 212, and connecting rod 213 to rotate, so that the propeller 221 of the speed measuring component 22 is always opposite to the water flow direction. The propeller 221 is driven to rotate by the water flow, which simultaneously drives the screw rod 222 and the conductive cam 223 to rotate. The conductive cam 223 periodically contacts the contact end of the flow measuring lead box 224 according to the speed, emitting an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the external processor through the main wire 5. The speed of the propeller 221 is obtained according to the signal frequency, thereby obtaining the magnitude of the water flow velocity. According to the upper distance measuring component... Measurements by component 3 and the lower ranging component 4 can obtain the current depth of the detector and the width between the two rock walls, thus determining the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow. By periodically sampling over a set time period, the average water depth, average cross-sectional area, and average flow velocity over a certain period can be obtained, thus determining the average flow rate. By sampling water samples from the karst cave on site, the sediment content in the water can be obtained, and the sediment content of the flowing water over a certain period can be determined based on the flow rate obtained by the detector. Furthermore, by calculating the product of the change in the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector over a certain period and the cross-sectional area of ​​the karst cave, the bottom sedimentation amount can be obtained. The sum of the two can be used to obtain the total amount of soil erosion. By adjusting the orientation of the propeller 221 through the swing rod 214 and the tail fin 215, the propeller 221 can always be oriented towards the water flow direction, making the flow velocity measurement more accurate. By stabilizing the center of gravity through the lead ring 6, the device can be prevented from swaying significantly in the water flow, improving the stability of the device and the measurement accuracy.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1-7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper ranging component 3 includes a second housing 31, a first rotating cavity 32, a horizontal ranging cavity 33, and a horizontal rangefinder 34; the top and bottom of the second housing 31 are threadedly connected to the bottom of the first housing 1 and the top of the water inlet mesh 216, respectively; the upper end of the inner wall of the second housing 31 is provided with the first rotating cavity 32, and the side wall of the upper rotating ball 211 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first rotating cavity 32; multiple sets of horizontal ranging cavities 33 are provided in the middle of the side wall of the second housing 31, and the horizontal rangefinder 34 is embedded in the inner wall of each horizontal ranging cavity 33. The inner end of each horizontal rangefinder 34 is electrically connected to the main wire 5 through a wire passing through the side wall of the second housing 31 and the connecting rod 213.

[0052] Preferably, four sets of the horizontal rangefinder 34 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the second housing 31.

[0053] When the present invention is in operation, the distance to the rock walls in various directions can be measured by the horizontal distance measuring instrument 34 installed in the horizontal distance measuring cavity 33 on the second housing 31 of the upper distance measuring component 3, thereby obtaining the average flow cross-sectional area. Combined with the rotational speed of the propeller 221 of the velocity measuring component 22 of the flow measuring component 2, the corresponding flow rate can be obtained, which is convenient for calculating the amount of sediment loss.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1-7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower ranging assembly 4 includes a third housing 41, a second rotating cavity 42, a vertical ranging cavity 43, and a vertical rangefinder 44; the top of the third housing 41 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the water inlet net 216, the upper end of the inner wall of the third housing 41 is provided with the second rotating cavity 42, and the side wall of the lower rotating ball 212 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second rotating cavity 42; the bottom of the third housing 41 is provided with the vertical ranging cavity 43, the vertical ranging cavity 44 is embedded and connected inside the vertical ranging cavity 43, and the top of the vertical ranging cavity 44 is electrically connected to the main conductor 5 through a wire.

[0055] Preferably, the second housing 31 and the third housing 41 are both assembled from two symmetrical housing parts connected by screw threads.

[0056] Preferably, the horizontal rangefinder 34 and the vertical rangefinder 44 are BA9D-60m laser rangefinders.

[0057] When the present invention is in operation, the vertical distance measuring instrument 44 installed on the vertical distance measuring cavity 43 of the third housing 41 can be used to determine the current height of the measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body, thereby calculating the thickness of the sediment deposition at the bottom of the cave and using it to calculate the bottom sediment volume.

[0058] In some embodiments, please refer to the appendix to the instruction manual. Figure 1-7 A monitoring method for a karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Suspend the first shell 1 in a karst cave. Place the water inlet net 216, upper distance measuring component 3, and lower distance measuring component 4 of the rotating component 21 of the flow measuring component 2 underwater. Install a lead ring 6 at the lower end of the first shell 1 to stabilize the device. If the water in the cave is flowing, the water will pass through the water inlet net 216. The swing rod 214 and tail fin 215 are affected by the water flow, which drives the upper rotating ball 211, lower rotating ball 212, and connecting rod 213 to rotate, so that the propeller 221 of the speed measuring component 22 is always opposite to the direction of the water flow.

[0060] Step 2: The propeller 221 is driven to rotate by the water flow, which in turn drives the screw rod 222 and the conductive cam 223 to rotate. The conductive cam 223 periodically contacts the contact end of the flow measuring wire box 224 according to the speed, and sends out an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the external processor through the main wire 5. The speed of the propeller 221 is obtained according to the signal frequency, thereby obtaining the magnitude of the water flow velocity.

[0061] Step 3: The distance to the surrounding rock walls in various directions can be measured by the horizontal distance measuring instrument 34 installed in the horizontal distance measuring cavity 33 on the second shell 31 of the upper distance measuring component 3; the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body can be obtained by the vertical distance measuring instrument 44 installed in the vertical distance measuring cavity 43 of the third shell 41, thereby obtaining the average flow cross-sectional area. By periodically sampling at a set time, the average water depth, average flow cross-sectional area and average flow velocity over a period of time can be obtained, thereby obtaining the average flow rate.

[0062] Step 4: By sampling the water in the karst cave at the site, the sediment content in the water is obtained. Based on the flow rate obtained by the detector, the sediment content of the flowing water over a period of time can be determined. Then, by calculating the product of the change in the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector over a period of time and the cross-sectional area of ​​the karst cave, the bottom sedimentation is obtained. The two are added together to obtain the total amount of soil and water loss.

[0063] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring water and soil loss in karst caves, comprising a shell (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the first housing (1) is connected to the top of the upper distance measuring component (3) for detecting the horizontal distance to the rock wall. The bottom of the upper distance measuring component (3) is connected to the top of the fixed end of the flow measuring component (2) for measuring the flow velocity. The bottom of the fixed end of the flow measuring component (2) is connected to the top of the lower distance measuring component (4) for measuring the vertical distance to the riverbed. The upper and lower ends of the movable end of the flow measuring component (2) are respectively connected to the interior of the upper distance measuring component (3) and the lower distance measuring component (4); The main conductor (5) is located from top to bottom at the moving ends of the upper ranging component (3), the flow measuring component (2), and inside the lower ranging component (4), and is connected to the electrical control terminals of the upper ranging component (3), the flow measuring component (2), and the lower ranging component (4); The flow measurement component (2) includes a rotating component (21) and a speed measuring component (22); the top and bottom ends of the fixed end of the rotating component (21) are connected to the bottom of the upper distance measuring component (3) and the top of the lower distance measuring component (4) respectively, and the upper and lower ends of the movable end of the rotating component (21) are connected to the inner walls of the upper distance measuring component (3) and the lower distance measuring component (4) respectively; the middle end of the movable end of the rotating component (21) is connected to the speed measuring component (22), the speed measuring component (22) is located inside the fixed end of the rotating component (21), and the electrical control end of the speed measuring component (22) is connected to the main wire (5); The rotating assembly (21) includes an upper rotating ball (211), a lower rotating ball (212), a connecting rod (213), a swing rod (214), a tail fin (215), and a water inlet net (216); the top and bottom of the water inlet net (216) are respectively connected to the bottom of the upper ranging assembly (3) and the top of the lower ranging assembly (4), and the upper and lower ends of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) are respectively rotatably connected to the inner walls of the upper ranging assembly (3) and the lower ranging assembly (4); the top and bottom of the connecting rod (213) are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom of the upper rotating ball (211) and the top of the lower rotating ball (212), and the side walls of the upper rotating ball (211) and the lower rotating ball (212) are respectively connected to the upper ranging assembly (3) and the lower ranging assembly (4). The upper rotating ball (211), the lower rotating ball (212), and the connecting rod (213) are hollow inside and connected from top to bottom. The top of the cavity of the upper rotating ball (211) and the bottom of the cavity of the lower rotating ball (212) are connected to the interior of the upper ranging component (3) and the interior of the lower ranging component (4), respectively. The middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) is fixedly connected to the inner end of multiple swing rods (214), and the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) is fixedly connected to the inner end of the tail fin (215). The swing rods (214) and the tail fin (215) are both located inside the water inlet net (216). A speed measuring component (22) is installed at the middle end of the connecting rod (213). The speed measuring component (22) includes a propeller (221), a screw rod (222), a conductive cam (223), and a flow measuring lead box (224); the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the screw rod (222), and the inner and outer ends of the screw rod (222) are respectively fixedly connected to the conductive cam (223) and the outer end and the inner end of the propeller (221); the middle end of the inner wall of the connecting rod (213) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the flow measuring lead box (224), the contact end of the conductive cam (223) is in contact with the conductive cam (223), and the flow measuring lead box (224) is electrically connected to the main wire (5) through a wire; The top of the upper ranging component (3) is connected to multiple sets of lead rings (6), and the inner wall of the lead rings (6) is connected to the lower end of the side wall of the first housing (1).

2. The karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper ranging assembly (3) includes a second housing (31), a first rotating cavity (32), a horizontal ranging cavity (33), and a horizontal rangefinder (34); the top and bottom of the second housing (31) are threadedly connected to the bottom of the first housing (1) and the top of the water inlet net (216), respectively; the upper end of the inner wall of the second housing (31) is provided with the first rotating cavity (32), and the side wall of the upper rotating ball (211) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first rotating cavity (32); multiple sets of horizontal ranging cavities (33) are provided in the middle of the side wall of the second housing (31), and the horizontal rangefinder (34) is embedded in the inner wall of each horizontal ranging cavity (33). The inner end of each horizontal rangefinder (34) is electrically connected to the main wire (5) through a wire passing through the side wall of the second housing (31) and the connecting rod (213).

3. The karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal rangefinder (34) is evenly distributed in four groups along the circumference of the second housing (31).

4. The karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower ranging assembly (4) includes a third housing (41), a second rotating cavity (42), a vertical ranging cavity (43), and a vertical rangefinder (44); the top of the third housing (41) is threadedly connected to the bottom of the water inlet net (216), the upper end of the inner wall of the third housing (41) is provided with the second rotating cavity (42), and the side wall of the lower rotating ball (212) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second rotating cavity (42); the bottom of the third housing (41) is provided with the vertical ranging cavity (43), the vertical rangefinder (44) is embedded in the vertical ranging cavity (43), and the top of the vertical rangefinder (44) is electrically connected to the main conductor (5) through a wire.

5. The karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second housing (31) and the third housing (41) are both assembled from two symmetrical housing parts connected by screw threads.

6. The karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The horizontal rangefinder (34) and the vertical rangefinder (44) are both BA9D-60m laser rangefinders.

7. A monitoring method for a karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Suspend the first shell (1) in the karst cave. Place the water inlet net (216), upper distance measuring component (3), and lower distance measuring component (4) of the rotating component (21) of the flow measuring component (2) underwater. Install a lead ring (6) at the lower end of the first shell (1) to stabilize the device. If the water flow in the cave is in a flowing state, the water flow will pass through the water inlet net (216). The swing rod (214) and tail fin (215) are affected by the water flow, which drives the upper rotating ball (211), lower rotating ball (212), and connecting rod (213) to rotate, so that the propeller (221) of the speed measuring component (22) is always opposite to the direction of the water flow. Step 2: The propeller (221) is driven to rotate by the water flow, which in turn drives the screw rod (222) and the conductive cam (223) to rotate. The conductive cam (223) periodically contacts the contact end of the flow measuring wire box (224) according to the speed, and sends out an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the external processor through the main wire (5). The speed of the propeller (221) is obtained according to the signal frequency, thereby obtaining the magnitude of the water flow velocity. Step 3: Measure the distance to the surrounding rock walls in various directions using the horizontal distance measuring instrument (34) installed in the horizontal distance measuring cavity (33) on the second shell (31) of the upper distance measuring component (3); determine the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body using the vertical distance measuring instrument (44) installed in the vertical distance measuring cavity (43) of the third shell (41), thereby obtaining the average flow cross-sectional area; and obtain the average water depth, average flow cross-sectional area, and average flow velocity over a period of time by periodically sampling at a set time, thereby obtaining the average flow rate. Step 4: Based on the sampling of water samples from the karst cave at the site, the sediment content in the water body is obtained. Then, based on the flow rate obtained by the detector, the sediment content of the flowing water body over a period of time is obtained. Then, by calculating the product of the change in the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector over a period of time and the cross-sectional area of ​​the karst cave, the bottom sedimentation is obtained. The two are added together to obtain the total amount of soil and water loss.

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