Photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen generation system, method and apparatus

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system, method and equipment. The system comprises: a plurality of roof photovoltaic panels, which are distributed and installed on the roofs of users, and are used to convert solar energy into electric energy; an electric energy output device, which is connected between the plurality of roof photovoltaic panels and a water hydrogen production device, and is used to transmit the electric energy to the water hydrogen production device for hydrogen production; and the water hydrogen production device comprises a hydrogen production electrolytic cell, which uses the electric energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. In this way, solar energy can be applied to hydrogen production on a large scale, and the utilization rate of solar energy can be improved, so that solar energy is not wasted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of new energy, and in particular to the field of water-to-hydrogen technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in order to save energy, the industry has developed many ways to use solar energy, such as solar water heaters, which can convert solar energy into electricity to provide hot water for users, and solar lights, which can convert solar energy into electricity to provide lighting for users. However, these ways of using solar energy are small in scale and the use of solar energy is relatively scattered, resulting in low solar energy utilization and a lot of solar energy being wasted. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system, method, equipment, and storage medium.

[0004] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system is provided. The system includes: Multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels are distributed and installed on the roofs of various users to convert solar energy into electricity; An electrical energy output device is connected between the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels and the water-to-hydrogen device to transmit electrical energy to the water-to-hydrogen device for use in producing hydrogen. The water-to-hydrogen device includes a hydrogen electrolysis cell, which uses electrical energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen gas.

[0005] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes: a natural gas pipeline network; The water-to-hydrogen device is directly connected to the natural gas pipeline network and is used to provide hydrogen to the natural gas pipeline network.

[0006] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes: a heat exchanger; The heat exchanger is connected between the hydrogen electrolysis cell and the natural gas pipeline network. The heat exchanger allows the hydrogen gas output from the hydrogen electrolyzer to exchange heat with the water entering the hydrogen electrolyzer.

[0007] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes: a controller; Each of the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels is equipped with a photovoltaic intensity detector, which is used to detect the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel and send the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel to the controller. The water-to-hydrogen device further includes: a water flow controller and a thermometer; the water flow controller and the thermometer are respectively connected to both sides of the heat exchanger, the water flow controller is also connected to the controller, the water flow controller is used to control the amount of water entering the heat exchanger, and the thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the water flowing out of the heat exchanger; The controller is used to calculate the amount of water entering the heat exchanger based on the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the water temperature flowing out of the heat exchanger, and the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen electrolysis cell, so as to control the water flow controller.

[0008] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, an implementation is further provided in which the controller is specifically used for: The photovoltaic power generation of the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels within the preset measurement time is calculated based on the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the power generation efficiency of each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the equivalent power generation area of ​​each rooftop photovoltaic panel, and the preset measurement time. The amount of water entering the heat exchanger is calculated based on the photovoltaic power generation, the enthalpy difference between the water at the electrolysis temperature and the water temperature exiting the heat exchanger, the water temperature exiting the heat exchanger, the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell, the unit electrolysis power, and the preset electrolysis efficiency of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell.

[0009] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes: A hydrogen flow meter is connected between the water hydrogen production unit and the natural gas pipeline network to measure the flow rate of hydrogen flowing from the water hydrogen production unit into the natural gas pipeline network. A total gas flow meter, located inside the natural gas pipeline network, is used to measure the total gas consumption of the natural gas pipeline network within a preset measurement time. The user meter is connected between the natural gas pipeline network and the gas meter of each user, and is used to measure the gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time. A gas meter is connected between the user meter and the gas billing control module; The gas billing control module is connected to the hydrogen flow meter, the total gas flow meter, the user meter, and the gas meter. The gas billing control module is used for: The equivalent amount of methane used by each user connected to the natural gas pipeline network is determined based on the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the natural gas pipeline network, the preset measurement time, the total gas consumption, and the gas usage. The gas meter is controlled to display the equivalent amount of methane used by each user.

[0010] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the gas billing control module is specifically used for: Calculate the total amount of hydrogen entering the natural gas pipeline within the preset measurement time based on the hydrogen flow rate into the natural gas pipeline network and the preset measurement time. Based on the total gas consumption and the total hydrogen volume, calculate the volume equivalence coefficient and the preset reduction coefficient; wherein, the preset reduction coefficient is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; The equivalent amount of methane used by each user is determined based on the volume equivalence coefficient, the preset reduction coefficient, and the gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time.

[0011] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes: a methane production device; The methane production unit is connected between the heat exchanger and the natural gas pipeline network, and the hydrogen gas output from the heat exchanger enters the methane production unit. The methane production unit generates methane based on the hydrogen output from the heat exchanger and the carbon dioxide input, and then inputs the methane into the natural gas pipeline network.

[0012] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a method for producing hydrogen through photovoltaic water electrolysis is provided. The method includes: Solar energy is converted into electrical energy through multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels; these multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels are distributed and installed on the roofs of various users. The electrical energy is transmitted to the water-to-hydrogen device via an electrical output device for use in the hydrogen production process. The water-to-hydrogen device uses the electrical energy to electrolyze water into hydrogen gas.

[0013] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the program to implement the method described above.

[0014] According to a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods according to the first and / or second aspects of this disclosure.

[0015] In this disclosure, the electricity generated by multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels is collected at the power output device and transmitted to the water-to-hydrogen device. This enables the water-to-hydrogen device to use the electricity as a power source to supply the hydrogen electrolyzer to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen. This allows for the large-scale application of solar energy to hydrogen production. Moreover, this method of solar energy application is relatively concentrated, which can significantly improve the utilization rate of solar energy and avoid the waste of solar energy compared to the scattered application of solar energy in the prior art.

[0016] It should be understood that the description in the Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to restrict the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. The drawings are provided for a better understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, wherein: Figure 1 A block diagram of a photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 2 A block diagram of another photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 3 A block diagram of yet another photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 4 A block diagram of another photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 5 A flowchart of a photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 6 A block diagram of an exemplary electronic device capable of implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0019] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0020] Figure 1 A block diagram of a photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1 As shown, system 100 may include: Multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels 102 are distributed and installed on the roofs of various users to convert solar energy into electrical energy; the electrical energy is alternating current.

[0021] Multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels can be installed on the rooftops of a residential community, a village, or a city. Specifically, these rooftop photovoltaic panels can be arranged on the rooftops of urban buildings, rural rooftops, etc. During the day, they can utilize sufficient photovoltaic power generation. Calculated at 12 hours per day, the photovoltaic power generation per square meter is approximately 6 kWh. Each user's roof can also be equipped with one or more rooftop photovoltaic panels.

[0022] An electrical energy output device 104 is connected between the plurality of rooftop photovoltaic panels and the water-to-hydrogen device to transmit electrical energy to the water-to-hydrogen device for use in producing hydrogen. The power output device is an existing device that collects the electricity generated by multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels and then transmits it to the water-to-hydrogen plant, such as a transformer rectifier, which will not be described in detail here. The electricity generated by solar energy is alternating current (AC), but the electricity transmitted to the water-to-hydrogen plant is converted into direct current (DC).

[0023] The power output device is connected to multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels to collect the electrical energy converted from the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels and then deliver it to the water-to-hydrogen device.

[0024] The water-to-hydrogen device 106 includes a hydrogen electrolysis cell, which uses electrical energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The water-to-hydrogen device is used for convenient hydrogen production. Direct current is passed through an electrolysis cell (i.e., a hydrogen electrolysis cell) filled with electrolyte, causing water molecules to undergo an electrochemical reaction at the electrodes, decomposing into hydrogen and oxygen.

[0025] By collecting and transmitting the electricity generated by multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels to a water-to-hydrogen device at an electricity output device, the water-to-hydrogen device can use electricity as a power source to supply a hydrogen electrolyzer to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen. This allows for large-scale application of solar energy to hydrogen production. Moreover, this method of solar energy application is relatively concentrated, which can significantly improve the utilization rate of solar energy and avoid the waste of solar energy compared to the scattered application of solar energy in existing technologies.

[0026] Furthermore, due to my country's limited natural gas reserves, a large amount needs to be imported from abroad. The coal-to-natural-gas process inevitably contains some impurities, which can easily lead to safety accidents during residential use. Therefore, to ensure my country's energy security and guarantee a sufficient and stable supply of natural gas for both military and civilian use, hydrogen can be added to natural gas pipelines when centralized methanation facilities are unavailable, partially replacing methane (CH4) and achieving comprehensive energy utilization. This also avoids the need for hydrogen storage tanks in conventional water electrolysis hydrogen production, reducing storage and transportation costs. Alternatively, in areas with small-scale centralized methanation facilities, hydrogen (H2) can be reacted with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methane (CH4). This would achieve clean natural gas production and serve as a carbon sink, providing a distributed solution for carbon neutrality, where methane is the main component of natural gas.

[0027] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes: a natural gas pipeline network; The water-to-hydrogen device is directly connected to the natural gas pipeline network to supply hydrogen to it. The natural gas pipeline network can be a centralized natural gas supply system for multiple rooftop solar panels in a residential community or city. Users store the hydrogen produced by the water-to-hydrogen device for their own use, thus replacing a portion of the natural gas. Of course, the natural gas pipeline network also carries a large amount of natural gas and connects to many users.

[0028] By feeding the hydrogen produced by the water-to-hydrogen unit into the natural gas pipeline network, hydrogen can partially replace methane (CH4), reducing the use of methane and achieving comprehensive energy utilization. It can also avoid the need for hydrogen storage tanks in conventional water electrolysis hydrogen production, thus reducing storage and transportation costs.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes a heat exchanger; The heat exchanger is connected between the hydrogen electrolysis cell and the natural gas pipeline network. The heat exchanger allows the hydrogen gas output from the hydrogen electrolyzer to exchange heat with the water entering the hydrogen electrolyzer.

[0030] By connecting the heat exchanger between the hydrogen production electrolysis cell and the natural gas pipeline, the high-temperature hydrogen gas H2 generated by the hydrogen production electrolysis cell can exchange heat with the electrolyzed water entering the hydrogen production electrolysis cell, thereby achieving full utilization of energy.

[0031] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes a controller; Each of the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels is equipped with a photovoltaic intensity detector, which is used to detect the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel and send the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel to the controller. A photovoltaic intensity detector, also known as a photovoltaic intensity meter, is used to measure the intensity of solar radiation received by rooftop photovoltaic panels.

[0032] The controller can be a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).

[0033] The water-to-hydrogen device further includes: a water flow controller and a thermometer; the water flow controller and the thermometer are respectively connected to both sides of the heat exchanger (in this invention, the thermometer on the left side of the heat exchanger is mainly used, so in this embodiment, the thermometer is the thermometer on the left side of the heat exchanger that measures the temperature T2); the water flow controller is also connected to the controller; the water flow controller is used to control the amount of water entering the heat exchanger; and the thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the water flowing out of the heat exchanger. The controller is used to calculate the amount of water entering the heat exchanger based on the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the water temperature flowing out of the heat exchanger, and the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen electrolysis cell, so as to control the water flow controller.

[0034] Since the amount of rooftop distributed photovoltaic power generation fluctuates throughout the day due to changes in photovoltaic intensity, by adding a controller to the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system, the amount of water entering the heat exchanger can be accurately calculated based on the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the water temperature flowing out of the heat exchanger, and the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell. This water volume value is then used to control the opening of the water flow controller, thereby controlling the amount of water entering the heat exchanger. This allows for adaptive changes in the amount of water entering the hydrogen production electrolysis cell based on changes in solar energy, ensuring full utilization of electrical energy and maximizing the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0035] In some embodiments, the controller is specifically used for: The photovoltaic power generation of the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels within the preset measurement time is calculated based on the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the power generation efficiency of each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the equivalent power generation area of ​​each rooftop photovoltaic panel, and the preset measurement time. The amount of water entering the heat exchanger is calculated based on the photovoltaic power generation, the enthalpy difference between the water at the electrolysis temperature and the water temperature exiting the heat exchanger, the water temperature exiting the heat exchanger, the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell, the unit electrolysis power, and the preset electrolysis efficiency of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell.

[0036] Based on the photovoltaic power generation of multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels within the preset measurement time, the enthalpy difference between the water at the electrolysis temperature and the water temperature flowing out of the heat exchanger, the water temperature flowing out of the heat exchanger, the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell, the unit electrolysis power, and the preset electrolysis efficiency of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell, the ideal amount of electrolyzed water entering the heat exchanger at each time can be calculated to ensure the maximum efficient application of electrical energy.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes: The hydrogen flow meter FH2 is connected between the water hydrogen production unit and the natural gas pipeline network to measure the flow rate of hydrogen flowing from the water hydrogen production unit into the natural gas pipeline network. A total gas flow meter, located inside the natural gas pipeline network (not shown in the figure), is used to measure the total gas consumption of the natural gas pipeline network within a preset measurement time. The natural gas pipeline network connects to the meters of many users to provide them with natural gas and hydrogen.

[0038] The user meter is connected between the natural gas pipeline network and the gas meter of each user, and is used to measure the gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time. The gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time is the total amount of hydrogen and methane used by each user within the preset measurement time.

[0039] A gas meter is connected between the user meter and the gas billing control module; Each user's gas meter displays the equivalent amount of methane used by that user.

[0040] The gas billing control module is connected to the hydrogen flow meter, the total gas flow meter, the user meter, and the gas meter. The gas billing control module is used for: The equivalent amount of methane used by each user connected to the natural gas pipeline network is determined based on the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the natural gas pipeline network, the preset measurement time, the total gas consumption, and the gas usage. The equivalent methane consumption of each user refers to the amount of gas consumed by each user that is converted into methane consumption.

[0041] The gas meter is controlled to display the equivalent amount of methane used by each user.

[0042] Since hydrogen and natural gas are present in the natural gas pipeline network simultaneously after hydrogen flows into it, users can use both hydrogen and natural gas at the same time, instead of using only natural gas. Therefore, based on the hydrogen flow rate into the natural gas pipeline network, the preset measurement time, the total gas consumption, and the gas usage, the equivalent amount of methane used by each user connected to the natural gas pipeline network can be accurately determined. In other words, the amount of hydrogen and natural gas used by each user is converted into the amount of methane that the user should use if using only methane through equivalent volumetric calorific value, thereby enabling accurate billing for each user.

[0043] In some embodiments, the gas billing control module is specifically used for: Calculate the total amount of hydrogen entering the natural gas pipeline within the preset measurement time based on the hydrogen flow rate into the natural gas pipeline network and the preset measurement time. Based on the total gas consumption and the total hydrogen volume, calculate the volume equivalence coefficient and the preset reduction coefficient; wherein, the preset reduction coefficient is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; The preset discount factor is a fee reduction factor provided by the natural gas company to each user connected to the natural gas pipeline network.

[0044] The equivalent amount of methane used by each user is determined based on the volume equivalence coefficient, the preset reduction coefficient, and the gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time.

[0045] Based on the volume equivalence coefficient, the preset reduction coefficient, and the gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time, the equivalent amount of methane used by each user can be accurately determined, thereby enabling precise billing for each user connected to the natural gas pipeline network.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system further includes a methane production unit; The methane production unit is connected between the heat exchanger and the natural gas pipeline network, and the hydrogen gas output from the heat exchanger enters the methane production unit. The methane production unit generates methane based on the hydrogen output from the heat exchanger and the carbon dioxide input, and then inputs the methane into the natural gas pipeline network.

[0047] In areas with small-scale centralized methanation facilities, i.e., areas with methane production units, hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be reacted at the production site to produce methane (CH4). This achieves both the production of clean natural gas and serves as a carbon sink, providing a distributed solution for achieving carbon neutrality. The following will combine Figures 2 to 4 Further details of the technical solution disclosed herein: like Figure 2 As shown, this system consists of distributed rooftop photovoltaic panels, a high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC) unit, and a natural gas pipeline network; Install rooftop photovoltaic panels on urban or rural rooftops to generate electricity using solar energy during the day; Electrical energy is input into the SOEC system, which electrolyzes the purified water into high-temperature hydrogen (H2). The high-temperature hydrogen exchanges heat with the raw water (H2O) to raise the temperature of the raw material and lower the temperature of H2 to room temperature before it enters the natural gas pipeline network nearby. Apart from the rooftop photovoltaic panels and SOEC electrolyzers, the entire system does not require extensive piping or gas storage equipment. Furthermore, the rooftop photovoltaic panels do not require additional land use, making the system very convenient for retrofitting and installing on already planned urban or rural rooftops.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the system also integrates a methanation production unit. Before the generated H2 enters the natural gas pipeline network, hydrogen is transported to the methanation unit. It then reacts with the captured carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methane (CH4), thus utilizing the CO2.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, the system also integrates a PLC controller and a gas billing control module. To address the issue that changes in photovoltaic intensity are strongly correlated with power generation, which in turn affects the amount of water electrolyzed, an automatic control logic for a distributed photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production system is established to control both photovoltaic intensity and water vapor output.

[0050] 1. Install a photovoltaic intensity detector on each rooftop photovoltaic panel to detect the photovoltaic intensity, H, kW / m². 2 The signal is sent to the PLC controller, and the power generation of each rooftop photovoltaic panel can be calculated according to the following formula:

[0051] E1 represents the power generation of photovoltaic panel 1, in kWh; H1 represents the photovoltaic power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel (%), and H1 represents the photovoltaic intensity of photovoltaic panel 1 (kW / m²). 2 A1 represents the equivalent power generation area of ​​photovoltaic panel 1, in m². 2 ; The estimated power generation of distributed rooftop photovoltaic systems is calculated using the following formula.

[0052] After the PLC calculates the power generation within the next time interval t, the optimal water flow rate F is calculated according to the following formula. S m3 / h; Before the water undergoing electrolysis enters the heat exchanger, its temperature is measured (T1) by a flow controller and two temperature monitors. The temperature after exiting the heat exchanger is T2. These signals are all fed into the PLC controller. According to the law of conservation of energy, the electrical energy of SOEC electrolysis will be converted into heat energy and chemical energy to produce electrolysis. The reaction temperature of SOEC is T, ℃.

[0053]

[0054] It is the enthalpy difference of water between temperatures T and T2 (each temperature has an enthalpy value, which can be obtained by looking up a table), kJ / (Nm³). 3 T is the electrolysis temperature of SOEC (reaction temperature of the electrolytic cell, ℃); T2 is the temperature of water after passing through the heat exchanger, ℃; Fs is the water flow rate, Nm³. 3 / h; α is the SOEC electrolysis efficiency (i.e., the preset electrolysis efficiency), %; P0 is the per Nm³ / electrolysis efficiency. 3 The power required to produce H2O (i.e., the power per unit of electrolysis), kW / Nm 3 .

[0055] The disclosed important parameters obtained through experiments are as follows: α is between 78% and 84%; P0 is between 3.2 and 3.7. Once E is determined, Fs is calculated, which is the optimal flow rate. The flow rate of H2O entering the heat exchanger is then adjusted based on the feedback (this flow rate is the amount of water entering the heat exchanger, for example, 5L per hour). The optimal calculation frequency for the PLC controller is once every 5-10 minutes (i.e., t is 5-10 minutes). The opening degree is then calculated and adjusted based on the measurement results.

[0056] The generated hydrogen (H2) flow rate is measured by the flow meter FH2 on the pipeline and enters the natural gas pipeline network. The total H2 flow rate entering the natural gas pipeline network within time t is F. 氢气 The total natural gas consumption within the distributed photovoltaic power generation hydrogen system is F. 总 Based on the conversion of the calorific value of hydrogen and methane, an equivalent coefficient (i.e., volume equivalent coefficient) can be obtained, thereby adjusting the natural gas consumption of each user and providing certain user rewards (i.e., preset reduction coefficient).

[0057] The total amount of hydrogen entering the natural gas pipeline network within time t is:

[0058] Because the hydrogen flow rate is variable, an integral method is needed to calculate the total hydrogen flow rate (Nm). 3 ; Within time t, the total gas consumption of all users connected to the natural gas pipeline network (measurable by a total gas flow meter within the natural gas pipeline network) can be determined by the total pipeline flow rate, denoted as F. 总 (F) 总 (This is the amount of gas consumed by all users), Nm 3 ; The calorific value of H2 is 18.79 MJ / Nm3, and the calorific value of CH4 is 35.88 MJ / Nm3. 3 The volume equivalence coefficients for hydrogen and methane are:

[0059] Specifically, for each user, the gas consumption within time t is F1 (displayed on each user's meter; this F1 represents the amount of hydrogen and natural gas mixture used), and the actual gas consumption is F2 (converted to the amount of natural gas used only, used for billing, and also the amount displayed on the gas meter). To encourage distributed systems, the amount can be calculated based on the converted value (i.e., after direct conversion, F2 = ...). F1 provides users with a certain amount of discounts on usage, that is If F2 is less than or equal to 1, then the calculated F2 is less than or equal to the value that makes F2 = For F1, users are likely to use less methane / natural gas, resulting in lower billing.

[0060] The ratio can be determined by the ratio of the produced hydrogen F to the total gas consumption, and should conform to the following relationship: The natural gas company provides users with It's used for discounts.

[0061] Example 1: A residential complex in the city has 20 buildings, and the rooftop of each building can accommodate 1000m² of [something]. 2 The photovoltaic panels generate 0.25 kWh of electricity per square meter per hour, with 12 hours of sunshine per day. The total power generation of this community is:

[0062] Using an SOEC electrolysis unit, the electrolysis efficiency is 3.5 kWh per unit of electricity, producing 1 Nm³ of product. 3 The daily H2 production capacity is:

[0063] The calorific value of H2 is 18.79 MJ / Nm3, and the calorific value of CH4 is 35.88 MJ / Nm3. 3 Therefore, the amount of CH4 that can be replaced by H2 produced each day is:

[0064] Example 2: The generated H2, as in Example 1, is concentrated in a methanation unit and then subjected to a methanation reaction using renewable energy sources such as solar energy. The conversion rate of H2 in the methanation reaction is 95%. Based on the requirement of 4 square millimeters of hydrogen to produce one square milligram of methane, the amount of CH4 that can be produced is:

[0065] At the same time, the amount of CO2 that can be utilized is 4071 Nm3, thus achieving the goal of producing CH4 and utilizing CO2 simultaneously.

[0066] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing system embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this disclosure is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this disclosure. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this disclosure.

[0067] The above is an introduction to the method embodiments. The following describes the solution described in this disclosure further through device embodiments.

[0068] Figure 5 A flowchart of a photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production method 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Method 500 may include: Step 510: Solar energy is converted into electrical energy through multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels; the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels are distributed and installed on the roofs of various users; Step 520: The electrical energy is transmitted to the water hydrogen production device through the power output device for use in the water hydrogen production device to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen production electrolysis cell of the water hydrogen production device uses the electrical energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0069] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the described module can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions.

[0071] Figure 6 A schematic block diagram of an electronic device 600 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0072] Device 600 includes a computing unit 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a computer program loaded into random access memory (RAM) 603 from storage unit 608. The RAM 603 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of device 600. The computing unit 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to bus 604.

[0073] Multiple components in device 600 are connected to I / O interface 605, including: input unit 606, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 607, such as various types of monitors, speakers, etc.; storage unit 608, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 609, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 609 allows device 600 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0074] The computing unit 601 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 601 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 601 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as method 500. For example, in some embodiments, method 500 may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 608. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on device 600 via ROM 602 and / or communication unit 609. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 603 and executed by the computing unit 601, one or more steps of method 500 described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 601 may be configured to perform method 500 by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0075] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0076] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0077] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0078] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor); and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0079] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as a data server), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., an application server), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet.

[0080] Computing systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact via communication networks. Client-server relationships are created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. Servers can be cloud servers, servers in distributed systems, or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0081] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0082] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system, characterized in that, include: Multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels are distributed and installed on the roofs of various users to convert solar energy into electricity; An electrical energy output device is connected between the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels and the water-to-hydrogen device to transmit the electrical energy to the water-to-hydrogen device for use in producing hydrogen. The water-to-hydrogen device includes a hydrogen electrolysis cell, which uses the electrical energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen gas. The photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system also includes: a controller; Each of the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels is equipped with a photovoltaic intensity detector, which is used to detect the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel and send the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel to the controller. The water-to-hydrogen device further includes: a water flow controller and a thermometer; the water flow controller and the thermometer are respectively connected to both sides of the heat exchanger, the water flow controller is also connected to the controller, the water flow controller is used to control the amount of water entering the heat exchanger, and the thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the water flowing out of the heat exchanger; The controller is used to calculate the amount of water entering the heat exchanger based on the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the water temperature flowing out of the heat exchanger, and the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen electrolysis cell, so as to control the water flow controller. The controller is specifically used for: The photovoltaic power generation of the multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels within the preset measurement time is calculated based on the solar energy intensity received by each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the power generation efficiency of each rooftop photovoltaic panel, the equivalent power generation area of ​​each rooftop photovoltaic panel, and the preset measurement time. The amount of water entering the heat exchanger is calculated based on the photovoltaic power generation, the enthalpy difference between the water at the electrolysis temperature and the water temperature exiting the heat exchanger, the water temperature exiting the heat exchanger, the electrolysis temperature of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell, the unit electrolysis power, and the preset electrolysis efficiency of the hydrogen production electrolysis cell.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system also includes: a natural gas pipeline network; The water-to-hydrogen device is directly connected to the natural gas pipeline network and is used to provide hydrogen to the natural gas pipeline network.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system also includes: a heat exchanger; The heat exchanger is connected between the hydrogen electrolysis cell and the natural gas pipeline network. The heat exchanger allows the hydrogen gas output from the hydrogen electrolyzer to exchange heat with the water entering the hydrogen electrolyzer.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system also includes: A hydrogen flow meter is connected between the water hydrogen production unit and the natural gas pipeline network to measure the flow rate of hydrogen flowing from the water hydrogen production unit into the natural gas pipeline network. A total gas flow meter, located inside the natural gas pipeline network, is used to measure the total gas consumption of the natural gas pipeline network within a preset measurement time. The user meter is connected between the natural gas pipeline network and the gas meter of each user, and is used to measure the gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time. A gas meter is connected between the user meter and the gas billing control module; The gas billing control module is connected to the hydrogen flow meter, the total gas flow meter, the user meter, and the gas meter. The gas billing control module is used for: Based on the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the natural gas pipeline network, the preset measurement time, the total gas consumption, and the gas consumption, the equivalent methane consumption of each user connected to the natural gas pipeline network is determined. The equivalent methane consumption of each user refers to the gas consumption of each user converted into methane consumption by converting the gas consumption of each user into methane consumption through the isothermal values ​​of hydrogen and methane. The gas meter is controlled to display the equivalent amount of methane used by each user.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas billing control module is specifically used for: Calculate the total amount of hydrogen entering the natural gas pipeline within the preset measurement time based on the hydrogen flow rate flowing into the natural gas pipeline network and the preset measurement time. Based on the total gas consumption and the total hydrogen consumption, calculate the volume equivalence coefficient and the preset reduction coefficient; wherein, the preset reduction coefficient is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; the preset reduction coefficient is the fee discount coefficient provided by the natural gas company to each user connected to the natural gas pipeline network; the volume equivalence coefficient is calculated based on the isothermal value of hydrogen and methane; The equivalent amount of methane used by each user is determined based on the volume equivalence coefficient, the preset reduction coefficient, and the gas consumption of each user within the preset measurement time.

6. The system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic water electrolysis hydrogen production system also includes: a methane production unit; The methane production unit is connected between the heat exchanger and the natural gas pipeline network, and the hydrogen gas output from the heat exchanger enters the methane production unit. The methane production unit generates methane based on the hydrogen output from the heat exchanger and the carbon dioxide input, and then inputs the methane into the natural gas pipeline network.

7. A method for producing hydrogen through photovoltaic water electrolysis, characterized in that, The method is applicable to the system according to any one of claims 1-6, and the method comprises: Solar energy is converted into electrical energy through multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels; these multiple rooftop photovoltaic panels are distributed and installed on the roofs of various users. The electrical energy is transmitted to the water-to-hydrogen device via an electrical output device for use in the hydrogen production process. The water-to-hydrogen device uses the electrical energy to electrolyze water into hydrogen gas.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of claim 7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method according to claim 7.

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