An ecological beach construction method suitable for silty muddy coast

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of ecological beach construction methods suitable for silty coast, from water side to shore side, including sea grass bed, oyster reef group, block stone sand dam, ecological revetment in ecological beach construction methods, from shallow sea, intertidal zone, coast, gradually reach silty coast ecological restoration and management, sea grass bed, oyster reef group, block stone sand dam, ecological revetment between one can adapt to seawater zone and bank slope form, on the other hand, sea grass provides stable food source for oyster and other ecological system consumers, oyster reef group provides stable matrix and diverse habitat for sea grass, shrimp, crab and fish, sand dam provides reliable protection against wave and silt for bank slope, solid and stable ecological revetment also provides reliable foundation for grass-shrub vegetation, sea grass bed, oyster reef group, block stone sand dam, ecological revetment between each other synergistic construction ecological beach system, can effectively improve coastal silty tidal flat biodiversity, ecological security, structural stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coastal ecological restoration technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a method for constructing ecological beaches suitable for silty and muddy coasts. Background Technology

[0002] Silt-muddy coastlines are formed by the transport and deposition of large amounts of fine-grained sediment carried into the sea by rivers under the action of tides and waves. Sediment movement in this area is very active, complex and diverse, easily initiated and quickly settled. Under the action of waves and currents, the sediment movement patterns simultaneously include suspended sediment, bedload, and water with high concentrations of sediment near the bottom, resulting in a relatively simple biological community in this area.

[0003] In recent years, several technologies have emerged for the ecological restoration of tidal flats. For example, there is a method for vegetation restoration in silty coastal tidal flats (patent number CN106068754A). This method primarily involves constructing a "raised field + field irrigation and drainage system + micro-ditch planting" or "raised field + drainage ditch + high ridge deep furrow planting" model in the supratidal zone where tidal action is weak and the high tide zone is not affected by mid-tide flooding. Salt-tolerant pioneer plants are selected for salt-avoidance planting such as *Suaeda salsa* micro-ditch sowing, *Phragmites australis* rhizome transplanting, and *Tamarix chinensis* seedling transplanting. Another example is the nearshore ecological restoration reef system technology (patent number CN104429893A), which mainly controls the reef's suspension depth and allows for propagation in the middle, upper, or lower water layers, effectively restoring and improving the nearshore ecological environment of nearshore reef systems.

[0004] The above technologies mainly address localized ecological issues such as coastal tidal flat vegetation or oyster reefs, but lack research on the overall restoration of silty mudflat coastlines. In particular, there are no reports on ecological restoration that integrates different ecological niches such as terrestrial vegetation, aquatic vegetation, and aquatic organisms. Furthermore, for silty mudflat coastlines with high concentrations of sediment, the structural models constructed by these technologies cannot effectively prevent waves and siltation, thus affecting the ecological restoration effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide an ecological beach construction method suitable for silty mudflat coasts, in order to solve the technical problems of existing technologies lacking applicability to ecological restoration of silty mudflat coasts and having poor ecological restoration effects.

[0007] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for constructing an ecological beach suitable for silty and muddy coastlines is provided, wherein an ecological beach is arranged upwards on the shore slope from the water-facing side to the shore-facing side, with the lower end of the ecological beach below the low tide line and the upper end of the ecological beach above the high tide line, comprising the following construction steps: S1. Measure the sea current velocity and water quality indicators, and select an area at the lower end of the shore slope to construct a seagrass bed; S2. Arrange oyster reefs on the shore slope located on the seagrass bed; S3. Construct a riprap dam on the shoreside of the oyster reef group. The riprap dam is located between the high tide line and the low tide line. The riprap dam is fixed with the first pipe pile as the foundation. The lower end of the first pipe pile is inserted and fixed on the shore slope perpendicular to the slope surface, and the upper end is above the shore slope surface. Fill the area around the upper end of the first pipe pile on the shore slope with primary riprap as the riprap dam cushion layer. Then, pile secondary riprap with a particle size larger than the primary riprap on the riprap dam cushion layer to form the riprap dam body. Hang oyster strings and oyster seedlings on the riprap dam body. S4. Construct an ecological revetment on the bank slope adjacent to the rock-blocked sand-retaining dam. The lower end of the ecological revetment is below the high tide line and the upper end is above the high tide line, forming an ecological beach composed of seagrass beds, oyster reefs, rock-blocked sand-retaining dams, and ecological revetments.

[0008] Preferably, the oyster reef group includes a first oyster reef unit located near the seagrass bed and a second oyster reef unit located near the boulder retaining wall. The second oyster reef unit is located at the low tide line. The first oyster reef unit is a hanging oyster reef, which is based on pillars inserted and fixed to the shore slope perpendicular to the slope direction. Oyster strings and oyster seedlings are hung between the pillars. The second oyster reef unit is a boulder oyster reef, which is fixed with second pipe piles as the foundation. The lower end of the second pipe pile is inserted and fixed to the shore slope perpendicular to the slope direction. A boulder foundation is set between the upper ends of the second pipe piles, and oyster strings and oyster seedlings are fixed on the boulder foundation.

[0009] Preferably, the base pillars of the oyster reef are pine stakes, with six pine stakes distributed in a regular hexagon to form a hanging unit. Multiple hanging units are set at intervals along the coastline, and ropes are used to connect adjacent pine stakes in each hanging unit to hang oyster strings and oyster seedlings.

[0010] Preferably, the second pipe piles of the oyster reef are arranged in rows along the coastline and in multiple rows in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the coastline. The second pipe piles are concrete pipe piles. A crushed stone cushion layer is filled between the upper ends of two adjacent rows of second pipe piles. The oyster foundation is a tertiary oyster with a particle size larger than that of the secondary oyster. The tertiary oyster is placed on the crushed stone cushion layer, and the oyster strings and oyster seedlings are fixed on the tertiary oyster.

[0011] Preferably, the first pipe pile is a concrete pipe pile and is located in the direction of the coastline, and the spacing between the first pipe piles is greater than the spacing between the second pipe piles.

[0012] Preferably, the seagrass bed includes multiple seagrass bed units assembled and arranged along the coastline. Each seagrass bed unit includes a support layer, a planting layer, and a fixing layer arranged sequentially from the bottom layer upwards. The support layer is made of plant fiber material, the planting layer uses palm mats as a substrate and has multiple layers laid on the support layer, seagrass seeds are evenly sown on the palm mats, and the fixing layer is placed on top of the planting layer.

[0013] Preferably, the ecological revetment includes a geotextile layer, a gravel layer, and a concrete frame layer laid sequentially from the bottom to the top on the bank slope. The lower section of the concrete frame layer is filled with polyurethane gravel, and the upper section of the concrete frame layer is filled sequentially from the bottom to the top with polyurethane gravel, a gravel filling layer, and a plain soil planting base, in which vegetation is planted.

[0014] Preferably, the vegetation includes restorative herbaceous vegetation and shrub vegetation, with the restorative herbaceous vegetation spaced apart on the upper frame and the shrub vegetation positioned on the upper side of the upper frame.

[0015] Preferably, the rock-block dam is composed of multiple dam units, the height of which is 50-100cm, the length of which is 10-15m, and the spacing between which is 5-10m.

[0016] This invention offers at least the following beneficial effects: The ecological beach construction method applicable to silty and muddy coasts constructs an ecological beach from the waterside to the shoreside, including seagrass beds, oyster reefs, rock-block barriers, and ecological revetments. This systematically manages and restores silty and muddy coasts, progressing gradually from shallow seas, the intertidal zone, to the coastline, achieving ecological restoration and management. The seagrass beds, oyster reefs, rock-block barriers, and ecological revetments adapt to the seawater zone and shoreline morphology, enhancing beach stability. Furthermore, the seagrass provides ecosystem consumers such as oysters. A stable food source, oyster reefs provide a stable substrate and diverse habitats for seagrass, shrimp, crabs and fish, while sand-retaining dams provide reliable protection against waves and siltation on the shore. The sturdy and stable ecological revetment also provides a reliable foundation for grass-shrub vegetation. Seagrass beds, oyster reefs, rock-block sand-retaining dams and ecological revetments work together to build an ecological beach system that integrates different ecological niches such as terrestrial vegetation, aquatic vegetation and aquatic organisms. This can effectively improve the biodiversity, ecological security and structural stability of coastal silty mudflats, and solve the problems of single biological groups and low biodiversity on the beach.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the ecological beach constructed according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a seagrass bed according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of a first oyster reef unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of a first oyster reef unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of a second oyster reef unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a riprap dam according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an ecological bank protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention for constructing an ecological beach suitable for silty mudflat coastlines; The following are the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. Seagrass bed; 2. First oyster reef unit; 3. Second oyster reef unit; 4. Rockfill dam; 5. Ecological revetment; 6. Support layer; 7. Planting layer; 8. Seagrass seedlings; 9. Fixing layer; 10. First pipe pile; 11. Crushed stone cushion layer; 12. Primary boulders; 13. Secondary boulders; 14. Secondary pipe pile; 15. Foundation column; 16. Rope; 17. Tertiary boulders; 18. Concrete frame; 19. Polyurethane crushed stone; 20. Crushed stone filling layer; 21. Plain soil planting base; 22. Herbaceous vegetation; 23. Shrub vegetation; 24. Oyster string. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0021] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this invention provides a method for constructing ecological beaches suitable for silty and muddy coastlines. The method involves arranging ecological beaches upwards on the shore slope from the water-facing side to the shore-facing side. The lower end of the ecological beach is below the low tide line, and the upper end is above the high tide line. The method includes the following construction steps: S1. Measure the sea current velocity and water quality indicators, and construct seagrass bed 1 in a selected area at the lower end of the shore slope.

[0022] Depending on the depth of the seawater, the coastal zone generally includes the coastal area, the intertidal zone, and the shallow sea area from top to bottom. The upper boundary of the intertidal zone is the high tide line, and the lower boundary is the low tide line. The corresponding seagrass bed 1 on the shore slope is located in the shallow sea area and is completely submerged in seawater. The seagrass bed 1 adopts a modular structure, with a width of 1~2m and a length of 25~30m as a module unit.

[0023] S2. Arrange oyster reefs on the shoreside of the seagrass bed 1.

[0024] Oyster reefs are fixed on the shore slopes, corresponding to shallow sea areas that are basically located in the coastal zone. They are generally covered by the lowest tide level. Oysters in oyster reefs use seaweed as their food source, while oyster reefs provide a stable substrate and diverse habitats for seaweed, shrimp, crabs and fish in the seawater.

[0025] S3, Combination Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, a rock-block dam 4 is constructed on the shoreside of the oyster reef group. The rock-block dam 4 is located between the high tide line and the low tide line. The rock-block dam 4 is fixed with the first pipe pile 10 as the foundation. The lower end of the first pipe pile 10 is inserted and fixed on the shoreside perpendicular to the slope surface, and the upper end is above the shoreside surface. The area around the upper end of the first pipe pile 10 on the shoreside is filled with primary rocks 12 as the dam cushion layer. Secondary rocks 13 with a particle size larger than the primary rocks 12 are stacked on the dam cushion layer to form the dam body. Oyster strings 24 and oyster seedlings are hung on the dam body.

[0026] A rock-block dam 4 is set up in the intertidal zone to provide reliable protection against waves and siltation on the bank slope. The first pipe piles 10 are set up in rows as a fixed foundation and inserted into the bank slope at intervals of 2m. First, primary rock 12 with a particle size of 10~30cm is filled near the first pipe piles 10 as a rock-block dam cushion layer. Then, secondary rock 13 with a particle size of 30~60cm is piled on the rock-block dam cushion layer to form the rock-block dam body. Finally, in the middle of the rock-block dam, in a position where the tide level can submerge, oyster strings 24 and oyster seedlings are hung.

[0027] As needed, different gradations of boulders with increasingly larger particle sizes can be placed sequentially from bottom to top around the first pipe pile 10. This helps to construct a more robust silt-retaining dam. On the other hand, the upper secondary boulders 13 are larger in mass and form larger gaps between them, while the lower primary boulders 12 are smaller in mass and volume, forming smaller gaps. Combined with the utilization of the slope inclination, and considering the vertical distribution of silt and sediment carried by seawater under gravity, the smaller gaps at the bottom help to resist the passage of lower layers of sediment during the upward scouring of seawater, while the higher height and larger gaps of the upper boulders facilitate the passage of seawater. The seawater that passes through can recede from the silt-retaining dam towards the shore and return to the sea, thus intercepting sediment and playing a certain role in wave dissipation and beach protection. After the seawater undergoes a primary purification process through the oyster reef group, the oyster organisms placed on the silt-retaining dam can also play a secondary purification role.

[0028] S4. Construct an ecological revetment 5 on the bank slope adjacent to the rock-blocked sand-retaining dam. The lower end of the ecological revetment 5 is below the high tide line and the upper end is above the high tide line, forming an ecological beach composed of seagrass bed 1, oyster reef group, rock-blocked sand-retaining dam 4, and ecological revetment 5.

[0029] The ecological revetment 5 is mainly composed of plants. First, the foundation of the ecological revetment 5 is constructed to keep the slope firm and stable. Then, the planting base is constructed, which mainly includes gravel and nutrient soil. Finally, ecological vegetation is planted to improve the ecological function of the slope.

[0030] This invention provides an ecological beach construction method suitable for silty and muddy coasts. The method constructs an ecological beach from the waterside to the shoreside, including seagrass beds 1, oyster reefs, rock-block barriers 4, and ecological revetments 5. This systematically manages and restores silty and muddy coasts, progressing gradually from shallow sea, intertidal zone, to the coastline, achieving ecological restoration and management. The seagrass beds 1, oyster reefs, rock-block barriers 4, and ecological revetments 5 adapt to the seawater zone and shoreline morphology. Furthermore, the seagrass provides ecosystem consumers such as oysters. A stable food source, oyster reefs provide a stable substrate and diverse habitats for seagrass, shrimp, crabs and fish, while sand-retaining dams provide reliable protection against waves and siltation on the shoreline. The sturdy and stable ecological revetment also provides a reliable foundation for grass-shrub vegetation. The seagrass bed, oyster reefs, rock-retaining dam, and ecological revetment work together to build an ecological beach system that integrates different ecological niches such as terrestrial vegetation, aquatic vegetation and aquatic organisms. This can effectively improve the biodiversity, ecological safety and structural stability of coastal silty mudflats.

[0031] In another technical solution, such as Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the oyster reef group includes a first oyster reef unit 2 located near the seagrass bed 1 and a second oyster reef unit 3 located near the boulder retaining dam 4. The second oyster reef unit 3 is located at the low tide line. The first oyster reef unit 2 is a hanging oyster reef, which is based on a base column 15 inserted and fixed to the shore slope perpendicular to the slope direction. Oyster strings 24 and oyster seedlings are hung between the base columns 15. The second oyster reef unit 3 is a boulder oyster reef, which is fixed with a second pipe pile 14 as the fixed foundation. The lower end of the second pipe pile 14 is inserted and fixed to the shore slope perpendicular to the slope direction. A boulder foundation is set between the upper ends of the second pipe pile 14, and oyster strings 24 and oyster seedlings are fixed on the boulder foundation.

[0032] Two structural oyster reef units were designed for the shoreline environment. The first oyster reef unit 2 was located near the seagrass bed 1 in a deeper part of the seawater. It used the base pillar 15 as a fixed foundation to set up the oyster cluster, which can be set up in a larger area and in a larger number, thus playing a better role in ecological purification. The second oyster reef unit 3 was located in a relatively shallower part of the seawater. It used the second pipe pile 14 as a fixed foundation and used the second pipe pile 14 to limit the arrangement of the boulders foundation, which can also play a certain role in blocking and filtering the silt in the seawater. Oyster organisms were also arranged on the boulders foundation, forming a combined oyster reef ecological community with the first oyster reef unit 2.

[0033] In another technical solution, such as Figures 3-4As shown, the base pillar 15 of the oyster reef is a pine stake. Six pine stakes are distributed in a regular hexagon to form a hanging unit. Multiple hanging units are set at intervals along the coastline. Ropes 16 are connected between adjacent pine stakes in each hanging unit. Oyster strings 24 and oyster seedlings are hung on the ropes 16.

[0034] The hanging culture unit utilizes pine wood with strong waterproof and corrosion resistance to construct an ecological foundation, which is environmentally friendly. Rope 16 is made of palm rope, and oyster strings 24 are set radially perpendicular to the pine stakes. The resulting hexagonal unit ensures space for oyster arrangement and contact area with seawater, while also ensuring relatively uniform stress distribution in seawater, which helps maintain the stability of the hanging culture unit structure.

[0035] In another technical solution, such as Figure 1 , 5 As shown, the second pipe piles 14 of the boulders oyster reef are arranged in rows along the coastline and in multiple rows in parallel in the direction perpendicular to the coastline. The second pipe piles 14 are concrete pipe piles. A crushed stone cushion layer 11 is filled between the upper ends of two adjacent rows of second pipe piles 14. The boulders foundation is a tertiary boulders 17 with a particle size larger than the secondary boulders 13. The tertiary boulders 17 are placed on the crushed stone cushion layer 11, and the oyster strings 24 and oyster seedlings are fixed on the tertiary boulders 17.

[0036] The oyster reef is closer to the sea surface. Two rows of concrete pipe piles are set up along the coastline as the second pipe piles 14. A crushed stone cushion layer 11 is first set between the two rows of second pipe piles 14 to level the corresponding slope position and at the same time play the role of stress diffusion and drainage. The concrete pipe piles are fixed in the oyster reef construction area. The concrete pipe piles are 3m long, 5-10cm in diameter, and driven into the soil to a depth of 1m. The spacing between the concrete pipe piles is 0.5m. The crushed stone cushion layer 11 with a particle size of 5-10cm is filled in the middle of the concrete pipe piles. Then, boulders with a particle size of 30-100cm are placed on the crushed stone cushion layer 11 as the third-level boulders 17 with a larger particle size than the first-level and second-level boulders 13. Finally, the oyster strings 24 and oyster seedlings are fixed on the boulders. The second pipe pile 14 has a longer exposed length on the bank slope soil and a smaller spacing, which can limit the position of the lower boulders enclosing the inner side. The boulders of the oyster reef have a larger particle size. Since the seawater depth is deeper than that of the boulder dam 4, considering the structural stability and functionality in seawater, the third-level boulders 17 with larger particle size and gaps are selected to perform primary filtration of silt. At the same time, the third-level boulders 17 serve as an attachment substrate for oysters, which has a better stabilizing effect on the beach.

[0037] In another technical solution, such as Figure 1 , 5As shown in Figure 6, the first pipe pile 10 is a concrete pipe pile and is located in the direction of the coastline. The spacing between the first pipe piles 10 is greater than the spacing between the second pipe piles 14. The concrete pipe piles are mainly used to reinforce the bank slope where the riprap dam 4 is located and serve as a fixed foundation. The riprap dam 4 uses riprap as the main structural element of the riprap dam.

[0038] In another technical solution, such as Figure 2 As shown, the seagrass bed 1 includes multiple seagrass bed units assembled and arranged along the coastline. Each seagrass bed unit includes a support layer 6, a planting layer 7, and a fixing layer 9 arranged sequentially from the bottom to the top. The support layer 6 is made of plant fiber material. The planting layer 7 uses palm mats as a substrate and has multiple layers laid on the support layer 6. Seagrass seeds are evenly sown on the palm mats. The fixing layer 9 is placed on top of the planting layer 7.

[0039] The support layer 6 is a mesh structure woven from resilient plant branches with a pore size of 5-8 cm. The planting layer 7 is a palm fiber mat layer laid on top of the support layer 6, serving as the planting substrate for seagrass seeds. The palm fiber mat layer is 3-5 cm thick. The fixing layer 9 uses the same material and structure as the support layer 6. The support layer 6 provides support, and seagrass seeds are evenly sown on the planting layer 7 to form a plant layer. Finally, the fixing layer 9 is laid on the seagrass seedlings 8 to fix the seagrass. After the three layers are overlapped, the main body of the seagrass bed unit is fixed in place using resilient plant branches. Then, the seagrass bed unit is laid in the target area, with units sown with different varieties of seagrass seeds arranged alternately to improve the biodiversity and heterogeneity of the seagrass bed 1 area.

[0040] In another technical solution, such as Figure 7 As shown, the ecological revetment 5 includes a geotextile layer, a gravel layer, and a concrete frame 18 layers laid sequentially from the bottom to the top on the bank slope. The lower section of the concrete frame 18 layers is filled with polyurethane gravel 19, and the upper section of the concrete frame 18 layers is filled sequentially from the bottom to the top with polyurethane gravel 19, a gravel filling layer 20, and a plain soil planting base 21, in which vegetation is planted.

[0041] In the frame structure formed by the concrete frame 18, it is divided into an upper frame and a lower frame in the direction from the water side to the shore side. In the lower frame, the polyurethane crushed stone 19 used as an adhesive has a polyurethane to crushed stone ratio of 1:9. It is basically located in the upper part of the intertidal zone and is mainly used to ensure the stability of the slope structure. In the upper frame, after the polyurethane crushed stone 19 is laid, crushed stone and nutrient soil planting base 21 are laid. Grass and shrub vegetation are planted in the nutrient soil to improve the ecological function of the slope. Preferably, the upper frame is located above the high tide line.

[0042] In another technical solution, such as Figure 7As shown, the vegetation includes restorative herbaceous vegetation 22 and shrub vegetation 23. The restorative herbaceous vegetation 22 is spaced apart on the upper frame, and the shrub vegetation 23 is located on the upper side of the upper frame.

[0043] To address the different environmental impacts and maintenance requirements of ecological revetment 5, various plant systems are designed, which also provide a better ecological landscape effect.

[0044] In another technical solution, such as Figure 1 As shown, the riprap dam 4 is composed of multiple dam units. The height of each dam unit ranges from 50 to 100 cm, the length of each dam unit ranges from 10 to 15 m, and the spacing between the dam units is 5 to 10 m. By setting up dam units at intervals, the flow state of seawater can be changed, promoting sediment deposition.

[0045] The following is a specific implementation case study. This project is located on a silty mudflat in Shandong Province. Before the project, the mudflat was significantly affected by sediment and had a limited biodiversity. This project utilizes the ecological shoreline construction method of this invention, suitable for silty mudflat coastlines, such as... Figure 8 As shown, this is to enhance the stability and biodiversity of the beach.

[0046] Japanese eelgrass, sea calamus, and tyalas were selected as the main species for constructing seagrass beds in this area. Modular seagrass bed units, 1.5m wide and 25m long, were assembled and placed in designated locations. Oyster reef groups were formed by hanging oyster reefs and arranging rock oyster reefs at 10m intervals. Sand-retaining dikes were constructed with a height of 50-100cm, a unit length of 10-15m, and a spacing of 5-10m between individual dikes. A certain number of oysters were hung in the lower part of the sand-retaining dikes, in areas submerged by tide. Polyurethane gravel was filled into the lower frame of the ecological revetment, and polyurethane gravel was filled into the bottom layer of the upper frame of the shore slope to stabilize the slope. The surface was filled with planting substrate to restore the slope vegetation. Herbaceous vegetation such as reeds, Suaeda salsa, quinoa, Artemisia capillaris, and Artemisia argyi were restored, as well as shrubs such as Tamarix chinensis, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Lycium barbarum, Lonicera japonica, Forsythia suspensa, and Yucca filamentosa were restored.

[0047] After six months of monitoring, the survival rate of seagrass reached over 50%, with propagules forming, essentially establishing a stable seagrass community; the survival rate of herbaceous vegetation reached over 60%, and the survival rate of shrubs reached over 50%; the survival rate of oysters reached 70%; the shoreline remained stable and undamaged, forming a relatively stable ecological beach. This coastline, affected by siltation and wave erosion, has been transformed using the technology of this invention. The ecological beach structure is stable, with the ecological revetment, sand-retaining dam, oyster reef, and seagrass bed forming a multi-economic beach system that maintains a good ecological landscape.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for constructing ecological shorelines suitable for silty and muddy coasts, characterized in that, An ecological beach is constructed on the bank slope, extending upwards from the water-facing side to the shore-facing side. The lower end of the ecological beach is below the low tide line, and the upper end is above the high tide line. The construction steps include the following: S1. Measure the sea current velocity and water quality indicators, and select an area at the lower end of the shore slope to construct a seagrass bed; S2. Arrange oyster reefs on the shore slope located on the seagrass bed; S3. Construct a riprap dam on the shoreside of the oyster reef group. The riprap dam is located between the high tide line and the low tide line. The riprap dam is fixed with the first pipe pile as the foundation. The lower end of the first pipe pile is inserted and fixed on the shore slope perpendicular to the slope surface, and the upper end is above the shore slope surface. Fill the area around the upper end of the first pipe pile on the shore slope with primary riprap as the riprap dam cushion layer. Then, pile secondary riprap with a particle size larger than the primary riprap on the riprap dam cushion layer to form the riprap dam body. Hang oyster strings and oyster seedlings on the riprap dam body. S4. Construct an ecological revetment on the bank slope adjacent to the rock-blocked sand-retaining dam. The lower end of the ecological revetment is below the high tide line and the upper end is above the high tide line, forming an ecological beach composed of seagrass beds, oyster reefs, rock-blocked sand-retaining dams, and ecological revetments. The oyster reef system includes a first oyster reef unit located near the seagrass bed and a second oyster reef unit located near the boulder retaining wall. The second oyster reef unit is located at the low tide line. The first oyster reef unit is a hanging oyster reef, which is based on pillars inserted and fixed to the shore slope perpendicular to the slope direction. Oyster strings and oyster seedlings are hung between the pillars. The second oyster reef unit is a boulder oyster reef, which is fixed with second pipe piles as the foundation. The lower end of the second pipe pile is inserted and fixed to the shore slope perpendicular to the slope direction. A boulder foundation is set between the upper ends of the second pipe piles, and oyster strings and oyster seedlings are fixed on the boulder foundation. The second pipe piles of the oyster reef are arranged in rows along the coastline and in multiple rows in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the coastline. The second pipe piles are concrete pipe piles. A crushed stone cushion layer is filled between the upper ends of two adjacent rows of second pipe piles. The boulders foundation is a tertiary boulders with a particle size larger than the secondary boulders. The tertiary boulders are placed on the crushed stone cushion layer, and oyster strings and oyster seedlings are fixed on the tertiary boulders.

2. The method for constructing ecological beachfronts suitable for silty and muddy coastlines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base of the oyster reef is made of pine wood stakes. Six pine wood stakes are distributed in a regular hexagon to form a hanging unit. Multiple hanging units are set at intervals along the coastline. Ropes are pulled and connected between adjacent pine wood stakes in each hanging unit, and oyster strings and oyster seedlings are hung on the ropes.

3. The method for constructing ecological beachfronts suitable for silty and muddy coastlines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first pipe pile is a concrete pipe pile and is located in the direction of the coastline. The spacing between the first pipe piles is greater than the spacing between the second pipe piles.

4. The method for constructing ecological shorelines suitable for silty and muddy coasts as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The seagrass bed includes multiple seagrass bed units assembled and arranged along the coastline. Each seagrass bed unit includes a support layer, a planting layer, and a fixing layer arranged sequentially from the bottom to the top. The support layer is made of plant fiber material, the planting layer uses palm mats as a substrate and has multiple layers laid on the support layer, and seagrass seeds are evenly sown on the palm mats. The fixing layer is placed on top of the planting layer.

5. The method for constructing ecological shorelines suitable for silty and muddy coasts as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The ecological revetment includes a geotextile layer, a gravel layer, and a concrete frame layer laid sequentially from the bottom to the top on the bank slope. The lower section of the concrete frame layer is filled with polyurethane gravel, and the upper section of the concrete frame layer is filled sequentially from the bottom to the top with polyurethane gravel, a gravel filling layer, and a plain soil planting base, in which vegetation is planted.

6. The method for constructing ecological beachfronts suitable for silty and muddy coastlines as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The vegetation includes restored herbaceous vegetation and shrub vegetation, with the restored herbaceous vegetation spaced on the upper frame and the shrub vegetation positioned on the upper side of the upper frame.

7. The method for constructing ecological beachfronts suitable for silty and muddy coastlines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rock-block dam is composed of multiple dam units, with the height of each unit ranging from 50 to 100 cm, the length of each unit ranging from 10 to 15 m, and the spacing between the units ranging from 5 to 10 m.

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