An auxiliary shoe device for an open TBM and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an auxiliary support shoe device suitable for an open TBM and a use method thereof, and the device comprises an auxiliary support shoe, an oil cylinder telescopic mechanism and a hinged limiting piece, the oil cylinder telescopic mechanism comprises a first oil cylinder telescopic component, a second oil cylinder telescopic component and an intermediate oil cylinder telescopic component, the intermediate oil cylinder telescopic component comprises a first intermediate U-shaped seat, a second intermediate U-shaped seat and a horizontal oil cylinder, the center line of the horizontal oil cylinder is flush with a hole axis and is vertically arranged, the first oil cylinder telescopic component and the second oil cylinder telescopic component drive the auxiliary support shoe to rotate around the hinged limiting piece and move close to a hole wall, and the horizontal oil cylinder drives the auxiliary support shoe to move horizontally close to the hole wall; the method comprises the following steps: (1) installation of the auxiliary support shoe device; and (2) use of the auxiliary support shoe device. The application has the advantages of reasonable design, increased contact area with surrounding rock through cooperation of the auxiliary support shoe and a main support shoe, prevention of falling of surrounding rock behind the main support shoe, and ensured strong passability of TBM tunneling in soft surrounding rock or broken surrounding rock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of open-type TBM technology, and in particular relates to an auxiliary support shoe device suitable for open-type TBMs and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) is a full-face tunnel boring machine, generally divided into open-face TBMs, double-shield TBMs, and single-shield TBMs. A TBM is a piece of equipment that integrates tunneling, support, and muck removal into one unit. TBM construction is a commonly used construction method suitable for rock formations, characterized by high construction speed, safety, high quality, and environmental friendliness. It has been widely used in tunnel engineering projects such as railways, highways, water conservancy, municipal works, and rail transit.

[0003] Open-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) utilize side struts to brace the tunnel walls, providing the necessary reaction force for tunneling. However, when the rock at the strut location is fractured or weak, the struts cannot brace the rock, thus failing to provide sufficient reaction force for the open-face TBM. A common solution is to erect formwork and pour concrete at the strut location, removing the formwork once the concrete has reached sufficient strength before the TBM can begin tunneling. However, this process, including erecting formwork, pouring concrete, and removing the formwork, is time-consuming, reducing the TBM's tunneling efficiency and failing to highlight its advantages of speed and efficiency. Furthermore, excessively increasing the area of ​​the main strut can easily cause interference when encountering fractured or weak surrounding rock sections and crossing steel arches, severely impacting tunneling progress.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an auxiliary support shoe device suitable for open-type TBMs. By cooperating with the main support shoe, the contact area between the support shoe and the surrounding rock is increased. At the same time, the surrounding rock at the tail of the main support shoe is not subjected to the extrusion effect, which causes the phenomenon of slag falling. This ensures that the TBM can have strong passage when encountering weak or broken surrounding rock during tunneling, avoids the need for TBM to cast concrete when facing such surrounding rock, saves costs and increases tunneling speed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an auxiliary support shoe device suitable for open-type TBMs. The device is reasonably designed and increases the contact area between the support shoe and the surrounding rock by working in conjunction with the main support shoe. At the same time, it avoids the rock fragmentation caused by the extrusion effect at the tail of the main support shoe, thus ensuring that the TBM has strong passability when encountering weak or broken surrounding rock during tunneling. This avoids the need for concrete casting when the TBM faces such surrounding rock, saving costs and increasing tunneling speed.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an auxiliary support shoe device suitable for open TBM, characterized in that: it includes an auxiliary support shoe, a hydraulic cylinder telescopic mechanism connecting the auxiliary support shoe and the main support shoe, and a hinged limiting member connecting the auxiliary support shoe and the main support shoe; a gap is provided between the auxiliary support shoe and the main support shoe along the extension direction of the tunnel wall.

[0007] The hydraulic cylinder telescopic mechanism includes a first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component, a second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component, and an intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component located between the first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component and the second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component. The first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component and the second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component are symmetrically arranged about the intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component.

[0008] The intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a first intermediate U-shaped seat connected to the main support shoe, a second intermediate U-shaped seat connected to the auxiliary support shoe and arranged close to the tunnel wall, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder hinged between the first intermediate U-shaped seat and the second intermediate U-shaped seat. The center line of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is flush with the tunnel axis and arranged vertically.

[0009] The first and second hydraulic cylinder telescopic components drive the auxiliary support shoe to move closer to the tunnel wall via the hinged limiting member, and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder drives the auxiliary support shoe to move horizontally closer to the tunnel wall.

[0010] The above-mentioned auxiliary support shoe device for open-type TBM is characterized in that: the first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a first hydraulic cylinder seat disposed on the main support shoe, a second hydraulic cylinder seat disposed on the auxiliary support shoe, and a first hydraulic cylinder hinged between the first hydraulic cylinder seat and the second hydraulic cylinder seat;

[0011] The second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a third hydraulic cylinder seat mounted on the main support shoe, a fourth hydraulic cylinder seat mounted on the auxiliary support shoe, and a second hydraulic cylinder hinged between the third hydraulic cylinder seat and the fourth hydraulic cylinder seat; the first hydraulic cylinder is arranged above the tunnel axis, and the second hydraulic cylinder is arranged below the tunnel axis. The first and second hydraulic cylinders are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal hydraulic cylinder, and both the first and second hydraulic cylinders are inclined relative to the horizontal hydraulic cylinder.

[0012] The above-mentioned auxiliary support shoe device for open-type TBM is characterized in that: the number of the hinge limiting members is two, namely a first hinge limiting member and a second hinge limiting member, the first hinge limiting member and the second hinge limiting member are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal oil cylinder, the first hinge limiting member is arranged above the tunnel axis, and the second hinge limiting member is arranged below the tunnel axis.

[0013] The first hinge limiting member and the second hinge limiting member have the same structure and both include a slide rail lug provided on the main support shoe, a U-shaped lug seat provided on the auxiliary support shoe, and a hinge shaft installed in the slide rail lug and the U-shaped lug seat.

[0014] The above-mentioned auxiliary support shoe device for open-type TBM is characterized in that: the slide rail lug is provided with a waist-shaped hole, the U-shaped lug seat is provided with a circular hole, and the hinge shaft passes through the waist-shaped hole and the circular hole.

[0015] The above-mentioned auxiliary support boot device suitable for open TBM is characterized in that: the outer surfaces of both the auxiliary support boot and the main support boot near the tunnel wall are arc-shaped surfaces;

[0016] The auxiliary support shoe has a hollow section inside, and multiple parallel internal reinforcing ribs are arranged inside the hollow section. The side of the auxiliary support shoe away from the cave wall is a straight section and two arc-shaped ends symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the straight section. External reinforcing ribs are arranged on the straight section.

[0017] Meanwhile, this invention also discloses a simple and rationally designed method for using an auxiliary support shoe device suitable for open-type TBMs, characterized by the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Installation of the auxiliary boot support device:

[0019] Step 101: Install a first intermediate U-shaped seat, a first hydraulic cylinder seat, a third hydraulic cylinder seat, and a slide rail lug on the main support shoe;

[0020] Step 102: Install a second intermediate U-shaped seat, a second hydraulic cylinder seat, a fourth hydraulic cylinder seat, and a U-shaped lug seat on the auxiliary support shoe;

[0021] Step 103: Hinge the horizontal hydraulic cylinder between the first intermediate U-shaped seat and the second intermediate U-shaped seat.

[0022] Step 104: Hinge the first cylinder between the first cylinder seat and the second cylinder seat, and hinge the second cylinder between the third cylinder seat and the fourth cylinder seat.

[0023] Step 105: Install the hinge shaft in the slide rail lug and the U-shaped lug seat;

[0024] Step 2: Using the auxiliary boot support device:

[0025] Step 201: Determine whether the tunnel wall is weak or fractured surrounding rock. If it is not weak or fractured surrounding rock, the surrounding rock is good. Only operate the main support shoe to tighten the tunnel wall and provide the TBM with the counter-thrust force during tunneling. If it is weak or fractured surrounding rock, proceed to step 202.

[0026] Step 202: The main body support shoe is tightened against the tunnel wall, and the horizontal cylinder, the first cylinder and the second cylinder are extended. The extension of the horizontal cylinder pushes the auxiliary support shoe to move closer to the tunnel wall along the waist-shaped hole on the slide rail ear. At the same time, the first cylinder and the second cylinder extend and push the auxiliary support shoe closer to the tunnel wall until the hinge shaft reaches the end of the waist-shaped hole near the tunnel wall, then the auxiliary support shoe tightens against the tunnel wall.

[0027] Alternatively, the first and second hydraulic cylinders can be operated to extend further, pushing the auxiliary support shoe to rotate near the tunnel wall via the U-shaped lug seat around the slide rail lug and hinge shaft, so that the auxiliary support shoe continues to embed itself into the tunnel wall away from the side of the main support shoe.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] 1. The present invention sets the first intermediate U-shaped seat and the second intermediate U-shaped seat to be at the same height, and reserves a gap between the first intermediate U-shaped seat and the second intermediate U-shaped seat for the installation of a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, so that the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally. The first intermediate U-shaped seat is set on the side of the main support shoe near the auxiliary support shoe, and the second intermediate U-shaped seat is set on the side of the auxiliary support shoe near the main support shoe, so as to realize the installation of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder and adapt to the narrow space between the main support shoe and the auxiliary support shoe.

[0030] 2. The present invention is equipped with a horizontal hydraulic cylinder so that the center line of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is aligned with the tunnel axis and is arranged vertically. Under the action of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder extends and acts on the auxiliary support shoe to generate a thrust perpendicular to the tunnel wall, so that the auxiliary support shoe moves closer to the tunnel wall and supports the tunnel wall tightly.

[0031] 3. The present invention is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component and a second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component. The extension of the first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component generates a component force perpendicular to the tunnel wall, which acts on the auxiliary support shoe to move closer to the tunnel wall, thereby working together with the horizontal hydraulic cylinder. In addition, after the auxiliary support shoe is tightened against the tunnel wall, the first hydraulic cylinder seat and the second hydraulic cylinder continue to extend, pushing the auxiliary support shoe to rotate through the hinged limiting component, so that the side of the auxiliary support shoe away from the main support shoe continues to be embedded in the tunnel wall.

[0032] 4. The method of using the auxiliary support shoe device of the present invention for open TBM is simple and ensures that the auxiliary support shoe is firmly supported against the tunnel wall or further embedded in the tunnel wall.

[0033] 5. The auxiliary support shoe device of the present invention is easy to operate and has good effect. After the installation of the auxiliary support shoe device, if the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall is good, only the main support shoe needs to be operated to tighten the tunnel wall, providing the reverse thrust and reverse torque during TBM excavation; if the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall is weak or broken, the main support shoe needs to be operated to tighten the tunnel wall, and the auxiliary support shoe needs to be operated to tighten the tunnel wall or further embed into the tunnel wall.

[0034] In summary, the present invention is reasonably designed. By using auxiliary support shoes in conjunction with the main support shoes, the contact area between the support shoes and the surrounding rock is increased. At the same time, it avoids the surrounding rock at the tail of the main support shoes from being squeezed out and causing slag to fall off. This ensures that the TBM can have strong passability when encountering weak or broken surrounding rock during tunneling, and avoids the need for TBM to cast concrete when facing such surrounding rock, thus saving costs and increasing tunneling speed.

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary support shoe device of the present invention applicable to open-type TBMs.

[0037] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The right view.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hinged limiting component of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the auxiliary support boot of the present invention, which tightens the hole wall.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the usage state of the auxiliary support boot of the present invention, which is embedded in the hole wall on the side away from the main support boot.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of using the auxiliary support shoe device of the present invention applicable to open-type TBMs.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0043] 1—Auxiliary support shoe; 1-1—Hollow section; 1-2—Internal reinforcing ribs;

[0044] 1-3—Straight section; 1-4—Arched end; 1-5—Outer surface;

[0045] 1-6—Outer reinforcing rib; 2-1—Second cylinder seat; 2-2—Fourth cylinder seat;

[0046] 3-1—First hydraulic cylinder; 3-2—Second hydraulic cylinder; 4-1—First hydraulic cylinder seat;

[0047] 4-2—Third cylinder seat; 5—Clearance; 6—First hinge limiting component;

[0048] 6-1—Slide rail lug; 6-1-1—Oval hole; 6-2—U-shaped lug seat;

[0049] 6-2-1—Circular hole; 8-1—First intermediate U-shaped seat;

[0050] 8-2—Second intermediate U-shaped seat; 8-3—Horizontal hydraulic cylinder; 9—Cavity wall;

[0051] 10—Steel arch frame; 11—Main support shoe. Detailed Implementation

[0052] like Figures 1 to 3 An auxiliary support shoe device suitable for an open TBM is shown, including an auxiliary support shoe 1, a hydraulic cylinder telescopic mechanism connecting the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the main support shoe 11, and a hinged limiting member connecting the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the main support shoe 11; a gap 5 is provided between the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the main support shoe 11 along the extension direction of the tunnel wall 9.

[0053] The hydraulic cylinder telescopic mechanism includes a first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component, a second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component, and an intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component located between the first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component and the second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component. The first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component and the second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component are symmetrically arranged about the intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component.

[0054] The intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a first intermediate U-shaped seat 8-1 connected to the main support shoe 11, a second intermediate U-shaped seat 8-2 connected to the auxiliary support shoe 1 and arranged close to the tunnel wall 9, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 hinged between the first intermediate U-shaped seat 8-1 and the second intermediate U-shaped seat 8-2. The center line of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 is flush with the tunnel axis and arranged vertically.

[0055] The first and second hydraulic cylinder telescopic components drive the auxiliary support shoe 1 to move closer to the cave wall 9 via the hinged limiting member, and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 drives the auxiliary support shoe 1 to move horizontally closer to the cave wall 9.

[0056] In this embodiment, the first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a first hydraulic cylinder seat 4-1 disposed on the main support shoe 11, a second hydraulic cylinder seat 2-1 disposed on the auxiliary support shoe 1, and a first hydraulic cylinder 3-1 hinged between the first hydraulic cylinder seat 4-1 and the second hydraulic cylinder seat 2-1.

[0057] The second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a third hydraulic cylinder seat 4-2 mounted on the main support shoe 11, a fourth hydraulic cylinder seat 2-2 mounted on the auxiliary support shoe 1, and a second hydraulic cylinder 3-2 hinged between the third hydraulic cylinder seat 4-2 and the fourth hydraulic cylinder seat 2-2; the first hydraulic cylinder 3-1 is arranged above the tunnel axis, and the second hydraulic cylinder 3-2 is arranged below the tunnel axis. The first hydraulic cylinder 3-1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3-2 are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3, and both the first hydraulic cylinder 3-1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3-2 are inclined relative to the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3.

[0058] In this embodiment, there are two hinge limiting members, namely the first hinge limiting member 6 and the second hinge limiting member. The first hinge limiting member 6 and the second hinge limiting member are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal oil cylinder 8-3. The first hinge limiting member 6 is arranged above the hole axis, and the second hinge limiting member is arranged below the hole axis.

[0059] The first hinge limiting member 6 and the second hinge limiting member have the same structure and both include a slide rail ear 6-1 provided on the main support shoe 11, a U-shaped ear seat 6-2 provided on the auxiliary support shoe 1, and a hinge shaft installed in the slide rail ear 6-1 and the U-shaped ear seat 6-2.

[0060] In this embodiment, the slide rail lug 6-1 is provided with an oblong hole 6-1-1, the U-shaped lug seat 6-2 is provided with a circular hole 6-2-1, and the hinge shaft passes through the oblong hole 6-1-1 and the circular hole 6-2-1.

[0061] In this embodiment, the outer surfaces 1-5 of the auxiliary support boot 1 and the main support boot 11 near the cave wall 9 are both arc-shaped surfaces;

[0062] The auxiliary support shoe 1 has a hollow part 1-1 inside, and multiple parallel internal reinforcing ribs 1-2 are arranged inside the hollow part 1-1. The side of the auxiliary support shoe 1 away from the cave wall 9 is a straight part 1-3 and two arc-shaped ends 1-4 symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the straight part 1-3. An external reinforcing rib 1-6 is provided on the straight part 1-3.

[0063] In this embodiment, during actual use, a gap 5 is provided between the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the main support shoe 11 along the extension direction of the cave wall 9 in order to reserve the position of the steel arch frame 10.

[0064] In this embodiment, during actual use, the first intermediate U-shaped seat 8-1 and the second intermediate U-shaped seat 8-2 are at the same height, and a gap is reserved between the first intermediate U-shaped seat 8-1 and the second intermediate U-shaped seat 8-2 for the installation of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3, so that the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 is arranged horizontally. The first intermediate U-shaped seat 8-1 is located on the side of the main support shoe 11 near the auxiliary support shoe 1, and the second intermediate U-shaped seat 8-2 is located on the side of the auxiliary support shoe 1 near the main support shoe 11.

[0065] In this embodiment, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 is provided so that the center line of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 is aligned with the tunnel axis and is arranged vertically. Under the action of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 extends to act on the auxiliary support shoe 1 to generate a thrust perpendicular to the tunnel wall 9, so that the auxiliary support shoe 1 moves closer to the tunnel wall 9 and supports the tunnel wall 9 tightly.

[0066] In this embodiment, during actual installation, the horizontal cylinder 8-3 is at an angle to the first cylinder 3-1 and the second cylinder 3-2. This causes the first cylinder 3-1 and the second cylinder 3-2 to extend and generate a component force perpendicular to the hole wall 9 and a component force tangential to the hole wall 9. The component force perpendicular to the hole wall 9 further acts on the auxiliary support shoe 1 to move closer to the hole wall 9 and tighten the hole wall 9.

[0067] In this embodiment, the auxiliary support shoe 1 is provided to increase the contact area between the support shoe and the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall 9, thereby providing a greater forward reaction force for TBM tunneling. To increase the friction between the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the tunnel wall rock, the panel of the auxiliary support shoe 1 in contact with the surrounding rock can be provided with an anti-slip layer, such as anti-slip textures or welded steel bars.

[0068] In this embodiment, the slide rail lug 6-1 and the U-shaped lug seat 6-2 are provided so that the U-shaped lug seat 6-2 can form a relative displacement with the main support shoe 11 under the action of the first oil cylinder 3-1 and the second oil cylinder 3-2, so that the auxiliary support shoe 1 can move closer to or away from the hole wall; at the same time, it can enhance the integrity of the main support shoe 11 and the auxiliary support shoe 1.

[0069] In this embodiment, under the extension of the horizontal cylinder 8-3, the auxiliary support shoe 1 moves closer to the cavity wall 9. The U-shaped lug 6-2 and the hinge shaft on the auxiliary support shoe 1 slide in the oblong hole 6-1-1 of the slide rail lug 6-1 until the hinge shaft reaches the end of the oblong hole 6-1-1 near the cavity wall 9; at this time, it is in the limited position of the U-shaped lug 6-2, such as... Figure 4 As shown;

[0070] Conversely, under the contraction of the horizontal cylinder 8-3, the auxiliary support shoe 1 moves away from the tunnel wall 9, and the U-shaped lug 6-2 and the hinge shaft on the auxiliary support shoe 1 slide in opposite directions in the waist-shaped hole 6-1-1 of the slide rail lug 6-1 until they reach the end of the waist-shaped hole 6-1-1 away from the tunnel wall 9; at this time, it is in the limiting position at the other end of the U-shaped lug 6-2.

[0071] In this embodiment, the auxiliary support shoe 1 is provided with a hollow part 1-1 in order to reduce the weight of the device so that the auxiliary support shoe 1 can be set on the main support shoe 11 without needing to be connected to the main beam through a connector.

[0072] Multiple parallel internal reinforcing ribs 1-2 are installed inside the hollow section 1-1 to improve the overall rigidity of the auxiliary support shoe. In addition, the position and number of internal reinforcing ribs 1-2 can be adjusted according to actual requirements.

[0073] In this embodiment, the multiple internal reinforcing ribs 1-2 are located between the straight portion 1-3 and the outer side 1-5, effectively adapting to the large cavity between the straight portion 1-3 and the outer side 1-5. On the one hand, it can reinforce the straight portion 1-3, and on the other hand, it can reinforce the outer side 1-5, improving the effect of the auxiliary support shoe in tightening the hole wall 9.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first hydraulic cylinder 3-1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3-2 should work synchronously to avoid creating a torque on the auxiliary support shoe 1, which could cause deformation of the auxiliary support shoe 1.

[0075] In this embodiment, in actual use, the width of the auxiliary support shoe 1 extending along the tunnel wall 9 should be less than the spacing between the two steel arch frames 10 in the TBM support design parameters.

[0076] In this embodiment, the auxiliary support shoe 1 is made of steel or other rigid materials; if steel is used, the surface of the steel is first derusted, and then anti-rust paint or other anti-rust measures are applied to the surface of the steel.

[0077] In this embodiment, during actual installation, to facilitate the installation of the auxiliary support shoe 1, lifting lugs can be symmetrically welded to the straight portion 1-3 surface of the auxiliary support shoe 1 to facilitate auxiliary hoisting.

[0078] In this embodiment, during actual installation, the second cylinder seat 2-1 and the fourth cylinder seat 2-2 are disposed on the straight portion 1-3 and protrude from the straight portion 1-3. The second cylinder seat 2-1 and the fourth cylinder seat 2-2 extend through the straight portion 1-3 to the inner side of the auxiliary support shoe 1.

[0079] The second cylinder seat 2-1 and the fourth cylinder seat 2-2 are arranged symmetrically, one above the other.

[0080] In this embodiment, it should be noted that when the first hydraulic cylinder 3-1, the second hydraulic cylinder 3-2 and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 are all retracted, the auxiliary support shoe 1 is in a retracted state. At this time, the minimum clear distance between the outer wall of the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the tunnel wall 9 should be greater than the thickness of the steel arch frame 10. Otherwise, the auxiliary support shoe 1 will collide with the steel arch frame, and the TBM will be unable to excavate.

[0081] In this embodiment, when the surrounding rock at the point where the auxiliary support shoe 1 interacts with the tunnel wall 9 is weak or fractured, when the three cylinders of the auxiliary support shoe are fully extended, the distance between the first cylinder 3-1 and the second cylinder 3-2 and the U-shaped lug 6-2 of the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the tunnel wall 9 is greater than the distance between the slide rail lug 6-1 and the tunnel wall 9. The purpose of this design is to ensure that the contact force between the auxiliary support shoe 1 and the tunnel wall 9 is different, allowing the side of the auxiliary support shoe 1 furthest from the main support shoe 11 to continue embedding into the surrounding rock, thus creating greater friction with the tunnel wall. (See attached diagram.) Figure 5As shown in the attached diagram. When the auxiliary support shoe 1 is in contact with the surrounding rock at the point of action of the tunnel wall 9 and does not sink into the surrounding rock, the side of the auxiliary support shoe 1 away from the main support shoe 11 will not be embedded in the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall 9. This is the state in which the auxiliary support shoe 1 is tightly supporting the tunnel wall, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 4 As shown.

[0082] like Figures 4 to 6 The method of using an auxiliary support boot device suitable for an open-type TBM, as shown, includes the following steps:

[0083] Step 1: Installation of the auxiliary boot support device:

[0084] Step 101: Set a first intermediate U-shaped seat 8-1, a first hydraulic cylinder seat 4-1, a third hydraulic cylinder seat 4-2 and a slide rail lug 6-1 on the main support shoe 11;

[0085] Step 102: Set a second intermediate U-shaped seat 8-2, a second hydraulic cylinder seat 2-1, a fourth hydraulic cylinder seat 2-2 and a U-shaped ear seat 6-2 on the auxiliary support shoe 1;

[0086] Step 103: Hinge the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 8-3 between the first intermediate U-shaped seat 8-1 and the second intermediate U-shaped seat 8-2;

[0087] Step 104: Hinge the first cylinder 3-1 between the first cylinder seat 4-1 and the second cylinder seat 2-1, and hinge the second cylinder 3-2 between the third cylinder seat 4-2 and the fourth cylinder seat 2-2.

[0088] Step 105: Install the hinge shaft in the slide rail lug 6-1 and the U-shaped lug seat 6-2;

[0089] Step 2: Using the auxiliary boot support device:

[0090] Step 201: Determine whether the tunnel wall 9 is weak or fractured surrounding rock. If it is not weak or fractured surrounding rock, the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall 9 is good. Only operate the main support shoe 11 to support the tunnel wall 9 and provide the counter-thrust force when the TBM is excavating. If it is weak or fractured surrounding rock, proceed to step 202.

[0091] Step 202: Operate the main support shoe 11 to tighten the cavity wall 9, and operate the horizontal cylinder 8-3, the first cylinder 3-1 and the second cylinder 3-2 to extend. The extension of the horizontal cylinder 8-3 pushes the auxiliary support shoe 1 to move closer to the cavity wall 9 along the waist-shaped hole 6-1-1 on the slide rail lug 6-1. At the same time, the first cylinder 3-1 and the second cylinder 3-2 extend to push the auxiliary support shoe 1 closer to the cavity wall 9 until the hinge shaft reaches the end of the waist-shaped hole 6-1-1 near the cavity wall 9, then the auxiliary support shoe 1 tightens the cavity wall 9.

[0092] Alternatively, the first hydraulic cylinder 3-1 and the second hydraulic cylinder 3-2 can be operated to continue to extend, pushing the auxiliary support shoe 1 to rotate around the slide rail ear 6-1 and the hinge shaft near the hole wall 9 via the U-shaped ear seat 6-2, so that the auxiliary support shoe 1 can continue to be embedded in the hole wall 9 away from the side of the main support shoe 11.

[0093] In summary, the present invention is reasonably designed. By using auxiliary support shoes in conjunction with the main support shoes, the contact area between the support shoes and the surrounding rock is increased. At the same time, it avoids the surrounding rock at the tail of the main support shoes from being squeezed out and causing slag to fall off. This ensures that the TBM can have strong passability when encountering weak or broken surrounding rock during tunneling, and avoids the need for TBM to cast concrete when facing such surrounding rock, thus saving costs and increasing tunneling speed.

[0094] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An auxiliary support shoe device suitable for open-type TBMs, characterized in that: It includes an auxiliary support shoe (1), a hydraulic cylinder telescopic mechanism connecting the auxiliary support shoe (1) and the main support shoe (11), and a hinged limiting member connecting the auxiliary support shoe (1) and the main support shoe (11); a gap (5) is provided between the auxiliary support shoe (1) and the main support shoe (11) along the extension direction of the hole wall (9). The hydraulic cylinder telescopic mechanism includes a first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component, a second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component, and an intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component located between the first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component and the second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component. The first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component and the second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component are symmetrically arranged about the intermediate hydraulic cylinder telescopic component. The intermediate cylinder telescopic component includes a first intermediate U-shaped seat (8-1) connected to the main support shoe (11), a second intermediate U-shaped seat (8-2) connected to the auxiliary support shoe (1) and arranged close to the tunnel wall (9), and a horizontal cylinder (8-3) hinged between the first intermediate U-shaped seat (8-1) and the second intermediate U-shaped seat (8-2). The center line of the horizontal cylinder (8-3) is flush with the tunnel axis and arranged vertically. The first and second hydraulic cylinder telescopic components drive the auxiliary support shoe (1) to move closer to the cave wall (9) through the hinged limiting component, and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (8-3) drives the auxiliary support shoe (1) to move horizontally closer to the cave wall (9); The first hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a first hydraulic cylinder seat (4-1) disposed on the main support shoe (11), a second hydraulic cylinder seat (2-1) disposed on the auxiliary support shoe (1), and a first hydraulic cylinder (3-1) hinged between the first hydraulic cylinder seat (4-1) and the second hydraulic cylinder seat (2-1). The second hydraulic cylinder telescopic component includes a third hydraulic cylinder seat (4-2) mounted on the main support shoe (11), a fourth hydraulic cylinder seat (2-2) mounted on the auxiliary support shoe (1), and a second hydraulic cylinder (3-2) hinged between the third hydraulic cylinder seat (4-2) and the fourth hydraulic cylinder seat (2-2); the first hydraulic cylinder (3-1) is arranged above the tunnel axis, and the second hydraulic cylinder (3-2) is arranged below the tunnel axis. The first hydraulic cylinder (3-1) and the second hydraulic cylinder (3-2) are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (8-3). The first hydraulic cylinder (3-1) and the second hydraulic cylinder (3-2) are both inclined relative to the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (8-3). The number of the hinge limiters is two, namely the first hinge limiter (6) and the second hinge limiter. The first hinge limiter (6) and the second hinge limiter are arranged symmetrically about the horizontal oil cylinder (8-3). The first hinge limiter (6) is arranged above the tunnel axis, and the second hinge limiter is arranged below the tunnel axis. The first hinge limiting member (6) and the second hinge limiting member have the same structure and both include a slide rail ear (6-1) provided on the main support shoe (11), a U-shaped ear seat (6-2) provided on the auxiliary support shoe (1) and a hinge shaft installed in the slide rail ear (6-1) and the U-shaped ear seat (6-2); The slide rail ear (6-1) is provided with an oblong hole (6-1-1), the U-shaped ear seat (6-2) is provided with a circular hole (6-2-1), and the hinge shaft passes through the oblong hole (6-1-1) and the circular hole (6-2-1).

2. An auxiliary support shoe device suitable for open-type TBMs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surfaces (1-5) of the auxiliary support boot (1) and the main support boot (11) near the cave wall (9) are both arc-shaped; The auxiliary support boot (1) has a hollow part (1-1) inside, and multiple parallel internal reinforcing ribs (1-2) are arranged inside the hollow part (1-1). The side of the auxiliary support boot (1) away from the cave wall (9) is a straight part (1-3) and two arc-shaped ends (1-4) symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the straight part (1-3). An external reinforcing rib (1-6) is provided on the straight part (1-3).

3. A method of using the device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The usage method includes the following steps: Step 1: Installation of the auxiliary boot support device: Step 101: Set the first intermediate U-shaped seat (8-1), the first hydraulic cylinder seat (4-1), the third hydraulic cylinder seat (4-2) and the slide rail lug (6-1) on the main support shoe (11). Step 102: Set a second intermediate U-shaped seat (8-2), a second hydraulic cylinder seat (2-1), a fourth hydraulic cylinder seat (2-2), and a U-shaped ear seat (6-2) on the auxiliary support shoe (1); Step 103: Hinge the horizontal cylinder (8-3) between the first intermediate U-shaped seat (8-1) and the second intermediate U-shaped seat (8-2). Step 104: Hinge the first cylinder (3-1) between the first cylinder seat (4-1) and the second cylinder seat (2-1), and hinge the second cylinder (3-2) between the third cylinder seat (4-2) and the fourth cylinder seat (2-2). Step 105: Install the hinge shaft in the slide rail lug (6-1) and the U-shaped lug seat (6-2); Step 2: Using the auxiliary boot support device: Step 201: Determine whether the tunnel wall (9) is weak or broken surrounding rock. If it is not weak or broken surrounding rock, the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall (9) is good. Only operate the main support shoe (11) to support the tunnel wall (9) and provide the counter-thrust force when the TBM is excavating. If it is weak or broken surrounding rock, proceed to step 202. Step 202: Operate the main support shoe (11) to tighten the cavity wall (9), and operate the horizontal cylinder (8-3), the first cylinder (3-1) and the second cylinder (3-2) to extend. The extension of the horizontal cylinder (8-3) pushes the auxiliary support shoe (1) to move close to the cavity wall (9) along the waist-shaped hole (6-1-1) on the slide rail ear (6-1). At the same time, the first cylinder (3-1) and the second cylinder (3-2) extend to push the auxiliary support shoe (1) close to the cavity wall (9) until the hinge shaft reaches the end of the waist-shaped hole (6-1-1) close to the cavity wall (9), then the auxiliary support shoe (1) tightens the cavity wall (9). Alternatively, the first hydraulic cylinder (3-1) and the second hydraulic cylinder (3-2) are operated to continue to extend, pushing the auxiliary support shoe (1) to rotate around the slide rail ear (6-1) and the hinge shaft near the hole wall (9) through the U-shaped ear seat (6-2), so that the auxiliary support shoe (1) continues to be embedded in the hole wall (9) away from the side of the main support shoe (11).

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