A cyclically applied energy absorbing structural support device and method

Abstract

A cyclically applied energy-absorbing structure support device and method, the device: the end of the energy-absorbing section is provided with an outer thread section one, the first end of the anchoring section is provided with an outer thread section two, and is sleeved with a limiting check ring; the energy-absorbing tray is composed of an inner sleeve, a middle sleeve, an outer sleeve, a connecting plate, a torsion spring, a flat check disc and a convex check disc; the sensor assembly is a ring structure, which is sleeved on the outside of the outer thread section one and is in contact with the energy-absorbing tray; the expansion mechanism is sleeved on the outside of the outer thread section two through thread cooperation, the end of the expansion mechanism abuts against the front end surface of the limiting check ring, and the expansion mechanism has a radial expansion capability in the thread cooperation process with the outer thread section two. The method: according to the structure of surrounding rock, an expansion anchoring head anchor rod or a orchid clamp anchoring head anchor rod is selected for support; the support state is monitored, and the energy-absorbing tray is replaced in time when it fails; and the rod body is recycled when the support is finished. The device and method can effectively meet the continuous energy-absorbing demand, and can ensure the stability of the roadway support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground tunnel and mine roadway support technology, specifically relating to a recyclable energy-absorbing structure support device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Rock bolt support is an active support method that plays a crucial role in underground engineering support in my country. Commonly used rock bolt support techniques include composite beams, composite arches, and suspended beams. These techniques primarily create an anchorage zone in the shallow rock mass by applying pre-tightening force to the rock surface. Traditional rock bolts use anchoring agents to bond the bolt body to the surrounding rock to form the anchorage zone. However, in practical engineering, the poor adhesion of the anchoring agents leads to numerous instances of bolt detachment and failure. Traditional energy-absorbing rock bolts use anchoring agents to bond the bolt head to the surrounding rock and add corresponding components in the middle of the bolt body to achieve energy absorption. In high-stress roadways, this type of energy-absorbing rock bolt has a good energy absorption effect, and under certain conditions, it solves the problem of high-stress pressure in deep roadways. However, in actual engineering applications, the following problems have been found with existing energy-absorbing anchors: First, they cannot meet the continuous energy absorption requirements under high stress and continuous pressure; second, the energy-absorbing anchors will fail after exceeding the energy absorption range; third, they are all one-time energy-absorbing support methods and cannot be reused; fourth, due to the performance of the anchoring agent, the anchor body is prone to detachment from the surrounding rock, which in turn affects the energy-absorbing support effect.

[0003] To effectively address the above problems, there is an urgent need for an energy-absorbing support device and method that can effectively address energy absorption failure and anchoring agent performance issues, meet continuous energy absorption requirements, and be reusable multiple times. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a reusable energy-absorbing structural support device and method. This device boasts strong support capacity, significant energy absorption effect, and is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. It effectively adapts to high-stress, continuous pressure conditions and meets continuous energy absorption requirements, ensuring the stability of roadway support. This support method offers ideal support effect, excellent energy absorption, and good environmental performance. It possesses continuous energy absorption capacity, allows for real-time monitoring of support status, and the rods are recyclable and reusable. It effectively prevents disasters caused by deep high stress in roadways and has broad application prospects.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a cyclically applicable energy-absorbing structural support device, comprising an anchoring mechanism, the anchoring mechanism including a rod, an energy-absorbing tray, a washer, and a nut; the rod consists of an anchoring section at the front, an energy-absorbing section at the rear, and a smooth rod section between the anchoring section and the energy-absorbing section; an external threaded section is provided on the outer side of the end of the energy-absorbing section; the energy-absorbing tray and the washer are slidably fitted on the outer side of the external threaded section, with the washer closer to the end of the energy-absorbing section than the energy-absorbing tray; the nut is threadedly connected to the outer side of the external threaded section, and is closer to the end of the energy-absorbing section than the washer; the device is characterized by further including a tightening mechanism; the anchoring mechanism also includes a sensor assembly and a signal line;

[0006] The first end of the anchoring section is provided with an external thread section two, and a limit retaining ring is coaxially fitted at the end of the external thread section two.

[0007] The energy-absorbing tray consists of an inner sleeve, a middle sleeve, an outer sleeve, connecting plates, a torsion spring, a flat baffle, and a convex baffle. The outer sleeve, middle sleeve, and inner sleeve are of the same length and are coaxially arranged from the outside to the inside. The walls of the outer sleeve have a continuous undulating structure. The middle sleeve has a regular hexagonal cross-section. The inner sleeve has a circular cross-section. Four connecting plates are arranged in a cross shape between the outer sleeve and the middle sleeve, and each connecting plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve and the outer wall of the middle sleeve at both ends along its length. The torsion spring is sleeved on the outside of the inner sleeve and located inside the middle sleeve. One connecting end is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the inner sleeve, and the other connecting end is fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the middle sleeve; the flat baffle is a flat plate-shaped structure, and its rear end face is fixedly connected to the front opening ends of both the middle sleeve and the outer sleeve, and is in contact with the front opening end of the inner sleeve, and its central area has a through hole one corresponding to the inner sleeve; the convex baffle is a plate-shaped structure with the rear end face center protruding backward in an arc, and its front end face is fixedly connected to the rear opening ends of both the middle sleeve and the outer sleeve, and is in contact with the rear opening end of the inner sleeve, and its central area has a through hole two corresponding to the inner sleeve;

[0008] The sensor assembly is a ring-shaped structure, which is slidably sleeved on the outside of the external thread section and is farther away from the end of the energy-absorbing section than the energy-absorbing tray. The sensor assembly has the function of stress detection based on its own stress changes, and at the same time, it has the function of detecting the displacement change of the energy-absorbing tray based on the change of the compression amount of the energy-absorbing tray. A signal line is connected to it.

[0009] The tightening mechanism is fitted onto the outside of the second external thread section via a threaded engagement, and its end abuts against the front end face of the limiting retaining ring. It also has radial expansion capability during the threaded engagement with the second external thread section.

[0010] Furthermore, to ensure the expansion mechanism can be effectively anchored in the borehole with intact surrounding rock structure, the expansion mechanism is an expansion anchor head, which consists of an expansion sleeve, a first circular retaining ring, a second circular retaining ring, and a first threaded sleeve. The expansion sleeve has a constricted end structure, with two opposing slots in the middle of its body. Several evenly arranged semi-conical rivets are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the tube outside the slots. The first and second circular retaining rings are the same size and are coaxially fixedly connected to the front and rear openings of the expansion sleeve, respectively. The first threaded sleeve has an internal thread structure, and its rear end is coaxially fixedly connected to the front end of the first circular retaining ring. The expansion sleeve is fitted onto the outside of the second external thread section, and the first threaded sleeve is fitted onto the outside of the second external thread section through threaded engagement. The rear end face of the second circular retaining ring and the front end face of the limiting retaining ring abut against each other for limiting engagement. The expansion anchor head and the anchoring mechanism together form the expansion anchor head anchor rod.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to increase the friction between the expansion mechanism and the surrounding rock, and thus further improve the anchoring force, six rows of semi-conical rivets are evenly arranged circumferentially on the tube body of the expansion sleeve, and each row of semi-conical rivets consists of five semi-conical rivets evenly distributed along the length of the tube body, wherein the tip of each semi-conical rivet faces the direction of the threaded sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, to ensure the effectiveness of the preload application, the convex baffle consists of a rectangular baffle and a frustum fixedly connected to the center region of the rear end face of the rectangular baffle.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the expansion mechanism is stably and reliably anchored in the delamination area, the expansion mechanism is an orchid-shaped clamp anchor head, which consists of a second threaded sleeve, a small threaded sleeve, a support spring, an expansion clamp plate, an expansion clamp plate, and a screw.

[0014] The second threaded sleeve has an internal thread structure; two small threaded sleeves are symmetrically and radially fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the second threaded sleeve, and each small threaded sleeve has an internal thread structure; the support spring is a torsion arm spring; the two support springs are respectively fitted onto the outer side of the two small threaded sleeves, and one torsion arm at that end is fixedly connected to the corresponding small threaded sleeve.

[0015] The expansion clamps 2 and 1 are arranged opposite each other on opposite sides of the threaded sleeve 2, and each has a pair of parallel bent lugs 2 and 1 on its front end on the opposite side, and the rear ends form the open end of the orchid-shaped anchor head; the pair of bent lugs 2 overlap and fasten to the outside of the pair of bent lugs 1, and the pair of bent lugs 1 are respectively fastened to the outside of the two small threaded sleeves and pressed against the outside of the two support springs at their far ends. At the same time, the other torsion arm of the two support springs at their far ends abuts against the inside of the expansion clamp 2. The inner side of the expansion clamp plate 1; a pair of through holes 1 are opened on a pair of bent ear plates 1 corresponding to the positions of two small threaded sleeves, and a pair of through holes 2 are opened on a pair of bent ear plates 2 corresponding to the positions of two small threaded sleeves; two screws are set corresponding to two small threaded sleeves, and each screw is fixedly connected to the small threaded sleeve by threaded engagement after passing through the bent ear plate 2, the bent ear plate 1 and the support spring in sequence. The diameter of the through hole 1 and the diameter of the through hole 2 are both larger than the outer diameter of the screw body; the orchid clip anchor head and the anchoring mechanism together form the orchid clip anchor head anchor rod.

[0016] Furthermore, to ensure support strength, the rod body is made of Q235 carbon steel; the expansion clamp one, expansion clamp two, screw and small screw sleeve are all made of Q235 carbon steel; the expansion sleeve and semi-conical rivet are all made of 304 stainless steel; and the circular retaining ring one, circular retaining ring two and screw sleeve one are all made of Q235 carbon steel.

[0017] In this invention, a second external threaded section is provided on the outer side of the first end of the anchoring section. This facilitates the assembly of the tightening mechanism to the first end of the rod body via threaded engagement. Simultaneously, a limiting retaining ring is provided at the end of the second external threaded section of the anchoring section to effectively limit the end of the tightening mechanism, thereby defining its position relative to the rod body. Since the tightening mechanism has radial expansion capability during its threaded engagement with the second external threaded section, simply assembling the tightening mechanism at the first end of the anchoring section and placing it in the borehole allows for expansion deformation at the first end of the rod body by rotating the rod. This ensures the first end of the rod body is tightly embedded in the surrounding rock, significantly improving the anchoring support effect. By designing the sensor assembly as a ring structure and mounting it on the front of the energy-absorbing tray, it can detect real-time stress changes in the surrounding rock during interaction with the sensor itself. Simultaneously, it can also detect real-time compression changes in the energy-absorbing tray, allowing for real-time monitoring of the tray's energy absorption and timely detection of tray failure. This facilitates timely remedial support measures and ensures the safety and stability of the roadway. The outer casing of the energy-absorbing tray features a continuously undulating wall structure, significantly increasing its axial compressive strength and thus enhancing energy absorption. Furthermore, the middle casing has a hexagonal cross-section and is connected to the outer casing via four cross-shaped connecting plates, further increasing the axial compressive strength of the energy-absorbing tray and further improving energy absorption. The inner sleeve is a circular tube connected to the middle sleeve via an outer torsion spring. Simultaneously, the flat and convex baffles are fixedly connected only to the middle and outer sleeves, not to the inner sleeve. This allows for simultaneous pre-tightening of the torsion spring during the application of pre-tightening force to the rod via the nut, causing elastic deformation. This further enhances the energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing tray during support operations. The expansion mechanism enables reliable anchor bolt installation without the use of anchoring agents, effectively ensuring support performance. This not only solves the problem of anchor detachment caused by suboptimal anchoring agent performance but also avoids environmental pollution from chemicals in anchoring agents. Using the energy-absorbing tray located at the borehole opening as the main energy-absorbing component allows for convenient recycling of failed energy-absorbing trays, saving support costs. It also facilitates easy replacement with new energy-absorbing trays, enabling convenient and repeated energy-absorbing support operations. This device has strong support capacity, significant energy absorption effect, and is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. It can effectively adapt to working conditions with continuous high stress and pressure, and can effectively meet the continuous energy absorption requirements, thus ensuring the stability of roadway support.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for supporting an energy-absorbing structure in a cyclical manner, which employs a cyclical energy-absorbing structure support device and includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Analyze the surrounding rock structure in the deep part of the roadway. If the surrounding rock structure is intact, proceed to step S1. If the surrounding rock structure has delamination zones, proceed to step S2.

[0020] S1: Support is provided by using expansion anchor head anchor bolts with expansion anchor heads assembled in the anchoring section;

[0021] S11: Drill holes into the surrounding rock surface of the area to be supported in the roadway, and ensure that the diameter of the drill holes is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the expansion casing;

[0022] S12: Fit the expansion anchor head onto the external thread section two from one side of the circular retaining ring two, and connect the threaded sleeve one to the outside of the external thread section two through threaded engagement. Rotate the threaded sleeve one to move the expansion anchor head toward the limiting retaining ring until the circular retaining ring two abuts against the limiting retaining ring, thus completing the assembly process of the expansion anchor head and the rod body. At this time, the outer diameter of several semi-conical rivets around the expansion anchor head is slightly larger than the diameter of the drilled hole.

[0023] S13: Push the rod and the expansion anchor head into the borehole together until the first end of the anchor section reaches the set distance between the bottom of the borehole. At the same time, ensure that the external thread section on the energy-absorbing section is exposed at the borehole opening for a certain length. During this process, use several semi-conical rivets embedded in the surrounding rock at a certain depth to fix the expansion anchor head to the bottom of the borehole.

[0024] S14: Use the lock to rotate the rod at the end of the rod clockwise, so that the screw sleeve moves towards the limit retaining ring and the expansion sleeve undergoes radial deformation and expansion. Continue to rotate the rod so that the expanded expansion sleeve and several semi-conical rivets are embedded into the surrounding rock around the borehole to a certain depth, ensuring that the expansion anchor head generates a large friction force with the surrounding rock.

[0025] S15: Stop rotating the rod body, and install the sensor assembly, energy-absorbing tray, washer and nut in sequence on the outer side of the exposed external thread section at the borehole opening. Then use the lock to rotate the nut so that the sensor assembly fits tightly with the surrounding rock at the borehole opening.

[0026] S16: Continue to increase the torque force, and move the rod towards the borehole opening by rotating the nut, which will also move the expansion anchor head embedded in the surrounding rock towards the borehole opening, further increasing the depth of the expansion anchor head embedded in the surrounding rock, thereby increasing the friction between the expansion anchor head and the surrounding rock. When the increase in torque force is small, the expansion anchor head reaches the best anchoring effect. Stop rotating the nut and complete the anchoring construction of a single expansion anchor head anchor rod.

[0027] S17: Using a certain spacing and row spacing, complete the anchoring support operation of the entire surrounding rock of the roadway;

[0028] S2: Support is provided by using orchid-shaped clip anchor bolts with orchid-shaped clip anchor heads assembled in the anchoring section;

[0029] S21: Drill holes into the surrounding rock surface of the area to be supported in the tunnel, and ensure that the diameter of the drill holes is slightly larger than the size of the orchid clip anchor head in the contracted state;

[0030] S22: Fit the orchid clip anchor head onto the external thread section two from the open end, and make the threaded sleeve two connected to the outside of the external thread section two through threaded engagement. Rotate the threaded sleeve two to move the orchid clip anchor head toward the limiting retaining ring until the open end in the closed state abuts against the limiting retaining ring, thus completing the assembly process of the orchid clip anchor head and the rod body. The orchid clip anchor head is in a naturally open state under the support of two support springs.

[0031] S23: Push the rod and the orchid-shaped clamp anchor head together into the borehole. During this process, the tension of the orchid-shaped clamp expansion shell is restricted by the borehole wall, so that the open end of the orchid-shaped clamp expansion shell has a certain depth of contact with the borehole wall and slides along the borehole wall to the delamination zone of the surrounding rock structure. When the orchid-shaped clamp expansion shell reaches the delamination zone, the tension restriction of the borehole wall on the orchid-shaped clamp expansion shell disappears. With the support of the two support springs, the open end of the orchid-shaped clamp expansion shell opens rapidly and penetrates into the delamination zone to a certain depth.

[0032] S24: On the outer side of the exposed external thread section at the borehole opening, install the sensor assembly, energy-absorbing tray, washer and nut in sequence, and then use the lock to rotate the nut to make the sensor assembly fit tightly with the surrounding rock;

[0033] S25: Continue to increase the torque force, and move the rod towards the borehole opening by rotating the nut, and drive the opening end of the orchid clip expansion shell to continue to embed deeper into the surrounding rock, thereby increasing the anchoring force of the orchid clip anchor head in the delamination zone. When the increase in torque force is small, the orchid clip anchor head reaches the best anchoring effect. Stop rotating the nut and complete the anchoring construction of a single orchid clip anchor head in the delamination zone.

[0034] S26: Using a certain spacing and row spacing, complete the anchoring support operation of the surrounding rock in the delamination zone of the entire roadway;

[0035] Step 2: During the support process, monitor the stress values ​​and displacement changes of the anchor bolts.

[0036] The signal line is connected to the monitoring equipment in the ground monitoring office. The sensor assembly is used to collect the stress signal of the rod and the compression signal of the energy-absorbing tray in real time and send them to the monitoring equipment. The monitoring equipment obtains the stress data of the anchor rod during the support process through the received stress signal and the compression deformation data of the energy-absorbing tray during the support process through the received compression signal, and displays it in real time on the display screen on it.

[0037] Step 3: Technicians monitor the surrounding rock deformation and the energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing tray in real time through the displayed monitoring data; when it is detected that the surrounding rock in a certain area of ​​the roadway is subjected to high stress and produces a large change in surface displacement, and the energy-absorbing tray is compressed, deformed and fails under continuous high stress, supplementary anchoring support work is carried out.

[0038] S31: Rotate the nut off the failed anchor bolt and then remove the washer, the failed energy-absorbing tray and the sensor assembly in sequence;

[0039] S32: Flatten the rock mass that protrudes outward due to deformation on the surface of the surrounding rock, and then install the sensor assembly, replace the new energy-absorbing tray, washer and nut on the external thread section one in sequence.

[0040] S33: Tighten the nut with the lock to reapply the preload and regenerate the anchoring force in the anchoring section;

[0041] Step 4: Once the tunnel has completed its predetermined service period, the anchor bolts will be retrieved.

[0042] S41: Rotate the nut to remove it, and then remove the washer, energy-absorbing tray and sensor assembly in sequence;

[0043] S42: Use the lock to rotate the rod counterclockwise so that the second external thread section on the anchoring section is disengaged from the first threaded sleeve on the expansion anchor head or from the second threaded sleeve on the orchid clamp anchor head, and gradually remove the rod from the borehole, leaving the expansion anchor head or orchid clamp anchor head in the surrounding rock.

[0044] S43: Repeat S41 to S42 to rotate and remove the rods in the entire tunnel in sequence, and complete the recycling operation of the rods, sensor components, energy-absorbing trays, washers and nuts;

[0045] Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 to achieve stable control of the surrounding rock in the roadway under high stress, and recycle the corresponding components to improve the support effect and save support materials.

[0046] This method, focusing on high support performance, real-time monitoring, and environmental protection, replaces the traditional method of anchoring with anchoring agents. It employs an expansion-functional component that uses friction between the anchor and the surrounding rock, enabling reliable installation of the anchor rod without the need for anchoring agents and effectively ensuring support. This not only effectively solves the problem of anchor detachment caused by suboptimal anchoring agent performance but also effectively avoids groundwater pollution caused by chemicals in anchoring agents. A sensor assembly at the end of the rod is equipped with synchronous monitoring functions for the compression of the energy-absorbing tray and the stress of the surrounding rock. This allows for real-time monitoring of the anchor rod's support effect and the stress characteristics of the surrounding rock under high stress, achieving unmanned monitoring technology during the energy-absorbing anchor rod support process. It also effectively reduces the workload of regular inspections by personnel and improves the safety factor for workers. Furthermore, under high stress, the energy absorption effect of the anchor rod can be determined by monitoring the deformation of the energy-absorbing tray and its own stress. Because the energy-absorbing tray is positioned at the orifice, it can be replaced without replacing the rod itself after energy absorption fails, thus enabling multiple energy absorption cycles. Before replacing the energy-absorbing tray, leveling the surrounding rock at the orifice ensures effective support. Since the tightening mechanism and the external threaded section at the front end of the rod are threaded together, the rod can be easily disengaged from the tightening mechanism by simply rotating it counterclockwise after the roadway support structure is in place. This facilitates rod recycling and reuse, significantly reducing support costs. This support method offers ideal support, excellent energy absorption, and good environmental performance. It features continuous energy absorption, real-time monitoring of support status, and recyclable rods, achieving stable control of the surrounding rock and embodying a green and environmentally friendly support concept. It effectively prevents disasters caused by deep high stress in roadways and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the expansion anchor head anchor rod in this invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the expansion anchor head anchor rod in the borehole in this invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring support state of the expansion anchor head anchor rod in this invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy absorption process of the expansion anchor head anchor rod in this invention;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the expansion anchor head and the anchor section in this invention;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion anchor head in this invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the orchid clip anchor head anchor rod in this invention;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the orchid clip anchor head anchor rod in the borehole in this invention;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring support state of the orchid clip anchor head anchor rod in this invention;

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the energy absorption process of the orchid clip anchor head anchor rod in this invention;

[0057] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the orchid clip anchor head in this invention;

[0058] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the screw sleeve and the screw rod in this invention;

[0059] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the energy-absorbing tray in this invention;

[0060] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the energy-absorbing tray in this invention;

[0061] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy-absorbing tray in this invention.

[0062] In the diagram: 1. Surrounding rock, 2. Borehole, 3. Delamination zone, 4. Limiting ring, 5. Rod body, 51. External thread section one, 52. External thread section two, 6. Expansion anchor head, 61. Semi-conical rivet, 62. Strip groove, 63. Circular retaining ring one, 64. Expansion sleeve, 65. Circular retaining ring two, 66. Threaded sleeve one, 7. Sensor assembly, 8. Signal line, 9. Energy-absorbing tray, 91. Flat retaining plate, 92. Convex retaining plate, 93. Outer sleeve, 94. Middle 95. Sleeve, Inner Sleeve, 96. Torsion Spring, 97. Connecting Plate, 98. Rectangular Baffle, 99. Frustum, 10. Washer, 11. Nut, 12. Orchid Clip Anchor Head, 121. Expansion Clip One, 122. Screw, 123. Support Spring, 124. Small Screw Sleeve, 125. Screw Sleeve Two, 126. Expansion Clip Two, 127. Bending Ear Plate One, 128. Bending Ear Plate Two, S1. Anchoring Section, S2. Energy Absorption Section, S3. Smooth Rod Section. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 15As shown, the present invention provides a cyclic energy-absorbing structure support device, including an anchoring mechanism. The anchoring mechanism includes a rod body 5, an energy-absorbing tray 9, a washer 10, and a nut 11. The rod body 5 consists of an anchoring section S1 at the front, an energy-absorbing section S2 at the rear, and a smooth rod section S3 between the anchoring section S1 and the energy-absorbing section S2. An external thread section 51 is provided on the outer side of the end of the energy-absorbing section S2. The energy-absorbing tray 9 and the washer 10 are slidably fitted on the outer side of the external thread section 51, and the washer 10 is closer to the end of the energy-absorbing section S2 than the energy-absorbing tray 9. The nut 11 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the external thread section 51 and is closer to the end of the energy-absorbing section S2 than the washer 10. The invention is characterized by further including a tightening mechanism. The anchoring mechanism also includes a sensor assembly 7 and a signal line 8.

[0065] The first end of the anchoring section S1 is provided with an external thread section 52, and a limit retaining ring 4 is coaxially fitted at the end of the external thread section 52.

[0066] The energy-absorbing tray 9 consists of an inner sleeve 95, a middle sleeve 94, an outer sleeve 93, connecting plates 97, a torsion spring 96, a flat baffle 91, and a convex baffle 92. The outer sleeve 93, middle sleeve 94, and inner sleeve 95 are of the same length and are coaxially arranged from the outside to the inside. The walls of the outer sleeve 93 have a continuous undulating structure. The cross-section of the middle sleeve 94 is hexagonal. The cross-section of the inner sleeve 95 is circular. Four connecting plates 97 are arranged in a cross shape between the outer sleeve 93 and the middle sleeve 94, and each connecting plate 97 is fixedly connected at both ends along its length to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 93 and the outer wall of the middle sleeve 94, respectively. The torsion spring 96 is sleeved on the outside of the inner sleeve 95 and located on the middle sleeve 95. Inside 4, one connecting end of the torsion spring 96 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the inner sleeve 95, and the other connecting end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the middle sleeve 94; the flat baffle 91 is a flat plate structure, its rear end face is fixedly connected to the front opening end of both the middle sleeve 94 and the outer sleeve 93, and is in contact with the front opening end of the inner sleeve 95, and its central area has a through hole one corresponding to the inner sleeve 95; the convex baffle 92 is a plate structure with the rear end face center protruding backward in an arc shape, its front end face is fixedly connected to the rear opening end of both the middle sleeve 94 and the outer sleeve 93, and is in contact with the rear opening end of the inner sleeve 95, and its central area has a through hole two corresponding to the inner sleeve 95;

[0067] The sensor assembly 7 is a ring structure, which is slidably sleeved on the outside of the external thread section 51 and is farther away from the end of the energy-absorbing section S2 than the energy-absorbing tray 9. The sensor assembly 7 has the function of stress detection based on its own stress change, and at the same time, it has the function of detecting the displacement change of the energy-absorbing tray 9 based on the change of the compression amount of the energy-absorbing tray 9. A signal line 8 is connected to it.

[0068] The tightening mechanism is fitted onto the outside of the second external thread section 52 via a threaded engagement, and its end abuts against the front end face of the limiting retaining ring 4. It has radial expansion capability during the threaded engagement with the second external thread section 52.

[0069] To ensure the expansion mechanism is effectively anchored in the borehole with intact surrounding rock structure, the expansion mechanism is an expansion anchor head 6, which consists of an expansion sleeve 64, a first circular retaining ring 63, a second circular retaining ring 65, and a first threaded sleeve 66. The expansion sleeve 64 has a constricted end structure, with two opposing slots 62 formed in the middle of its body. Several evenly arranged semi-conical rivets 61 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sleeve outside the slots 62. The first circular retaining ring 63 and the second circular retaining ring 65 are of similar size. The expansion anchor head 6 and the anchoring mechanism are coaxially fixedly connected to the front and rear openings of the expansion sleeve 64, respectively; the internal thread structure of the screw sleeve 66 is provided, and its rear end is coaxially fixedly connected to the front end of the annular retaining ring 63; the expansion sleeve 64 is fitted on the outside of the external thread section 52, and the screw sleeve 66 is fitted on the outside of the external thread section 52 through threaded engagement, and the rear end face of the annular retaining ring 65 abuts and engages with the front end face of the limiting retaining ring 4, and the expansion anchor head 6 and the anchoring mechanism together form the expansion anchor head anchor rod.

[0070] To increase the friction between the expansion mechanism and the surrounding rock, thereby further improving the anchoring force, six rows of semi-conical rivets 61 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the tube body of the expansion sleeve 64, and each row of semi-conical rivets 61 consists of five semi-conical rivets 61 evenly distributed along the length of the tube body, wherein the tip of each semi-conical rivet 61 faces the direction of the threaded sleeve 66.

[0071] To ensure the effective application of preload, the convex baffle 92 consists of a rectangular baffle 98 and a frustum 99 fixedly connected to the center region of the rear end face of the rectangular baffle 98.

[0072] In order to ensure that the expansion mechanism is stably and reliably anchored in the delamination area, the expansion mechanism is an orchid-shaped clamp anchor head 12, which is composed of a second threaded sleeve 125, a small threaded sleeve 124, a support spring 123, an expansion clamp 121, an expansion clamp 126, and a screw 122.

[0073] The second threaded sleeve 125 has an internal thread structure; two small threaded sleeves 124 are symmetrically and radially fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the second threaded sleeve 125, and each small threaded sleeve 124 has an internal thread structure; the support spring 123 is a torsion arm spring; the two support springs 123 are respectively fitted onto the outer side of the two small threaded sleeves 124, and one torsion arm at that end is fixedly connected to the corresponding small threaded sleeve 124;

[0074] The expansion clamp 2 126 and expansion clamp 121 are disposed opposite to each other on opposite sides of the threaded sleeve 2 125, and the front ends of the two opposite sides respectively have a pair of parallel bent lugs 2 128 and a pair of bent lugs 127, and the rear ends form the open end of the orchid clip anchor head 12; the pair of bent lugs 2 128 are overlapped and fastened to the outside of the pair of bent lugs 127, and the pair of bent lugs 127 are respectively fastened to the outside of the two small threaded sleeves 124, and pressed against the outside of the two support springs 123 at their far ends. At the same time, the other torsion arm of the two support springs 123 at their far ends respectively abuts against the inner side of the expansion clamp 2 126 and the... The inner side of the expansion clamp 121; a pair of through holes 1 are provided on a pair of bent ear plates 127 corresponding to the positions of two small threaded sleeves 124, and a pair of through holes 2 are provided on a pair of bent ear plates 28 corresponding to the positions of two small threaded sleeves 124; two screws 122 are provided corresponding to two small threaded sleeves 124, and each screw 122 is fixedly connected to the small threaded sleeve 124 by threaded engagement after passing through the bent ear plate 28, the bent ear plate 127 and the support spring 123 in sequence. The diameter of the through hole 1 and the diameter of the through hole 2 are both larger than the outer diameter of the screw 122 body; the orchid clip anchor head 12 and the anchoring mechanism together form the orchid clip anchor head anchor rod.

[0075] To ensure support strength, the rod body 5 is made of Q235 carbon steel; the expansion clamp 121, expansion clamp 2 126, screw 122 and small threaded sleeve 124 are all made of Q235 carbon steel; the expansion sleeve 64 and the semi-conical rivet 61 are all made of 304 stainless steel; and the circular retaining ring 1 63, circular retaining ring 2 65 and threaded sleeve 1 66 are all made of Q235 carbon steel.

[0076] In this invention, a second external threaded section is provided on the outer side of the first end of the anchoring section. This facilitates the assembly of the tightening mechanism to the first end of the rod body via threaded engagement. Simultaneously, a limiting retaining ring is provided at the end of the second external threaded section of the anchoring section to effectively limit the end of the tightening mechanism, thereby defining its position relative to the rod body. Since the tightening mechanism has radial expansion capability during its threaded engagement with the second external threaded section, simply assembling the tightening mechanism at the first end of the anchoring section and placing it in the borehole allows for expansion deformation at the first end of the rod body by rotating the rod. This ensures the first end of the rod body is tightly embedded in the surrounding rock, significantly improving the anchoring support effect. By designing the sensor assembly as a ring structure and mounting it on the front of the energy-absorbing tray, it can detect real-time stress changes in the surrounding rock during interaction with the sensor itself. Simultaneously, it can also detect real-time compression changes in the energy-absorbing tray, allowing for real-time monitoring of the tray's energy absorption and timely detection of tray failure. This facilitates timely remedial support measures and ensures the safety and stability of the roadway. The outer casing of the energy-absorbing tray features a continuously undulating wall structure, significantly increasing its axial compressive strength and thus enhancing energy absorption. Furthermore, the middle casing has a hexagonal cross-section and is connected to the outer casing via four cross-shaped connecting plates, further increasing the axial compressive strength of the energy-absorbing tray and further improving energy absorption. The inner sleeve is a circular tube connected to the middle sleeve via an outer torsion spring. Simultaneously, the flat and convex baffles are fixedly connected only to the middle and outer sleeves, not to the inner sleeve. This allows for simultaneous pre-tightening of the torsion spring during the application of pre-tightening force to the rod via the nut, causing elastic deformation. This further enhances the energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing tray during support operations. The expansion mechanism enables reliable anchor bolt installation without the use of anchoring agents, effectively ensuring support performance. This not only solves the problem of anchor detachment caused by suboptimal anchoring agent performance but also avoids environmental pollution from chemicals in anchoring agents. Using the energy-absorbing tray located at the borehole opening as the main energy-absorbing component allows for convenient recycling of failed energy-absorbing trays, saving support costs. It also facilitates easy replacement with new energy-absorbing trays, enabling convenient and repeated energy-absorbing support operations. This device has strong support capacity, significant energy absorption effect, and is environmentally friendly and pollution-free. It can effectively adapt to working conditions with continuous high stress and pressure, and can effectively meet the continuous energy absorption requirements, thus ensuring the stability of roadway support.

[0077] The present invention also provides a method for supporting an energy-absorbing structure in a cyclical manner, which employs a cyclical energy-absorbing structure support device and includes the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Analyze the structure of the surrounding rock 1 deep in the tunnel. If the structure of the surrounding rock 1 is intact, proceed to step S1. If the structure of the surrounding rock 1 deep in the tunnel has a delamination zone 3, proceed to step S2.

[0079] S1: Support is provided by using an expansion anchor head anchor rod with expansion anchor head 6 assembled in anchor section S1;

[0080] S11: Drill holes 2 into the surface of the surrounding rock 1 in the area to be supported in the roadway, and ensure that the diameter of the drill holes 2 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve 64.

[0081] S12: The expansion anchor head 6 is fitted onto the external thread section 52 from one side of the circular retaining ring 65, and the threaded sleeve 66 is connected to the outside of the external thread section 52 through threaded engagement. The threaded sleeve 66 is rotated to move the expansion anchor head 6 closer to the limiting retaining ring 4 until the circular retaining ring 65 abuts against the limiting retaining ring 4, thus completing the assembly process of the expansion anchor head 6 and the rod body 5. At this time, the outer diameter of the several semi-conical rivets 61 around the expansion anchor head 6 is slightly larger than the diameter of the drill hole 2.

[0082] S13: Push the rod body 5 and the expansion anchor head 6 together into the borehole 2 until the first end of the anchor section S1 and the bottom of the borehole 2 reach the set distance. At the same time, ensure that the external thread section 51 on the energy absorption section S2 is exposed at the opening of the borehole 2 for a certain length. During this process, use a number of semi-conical rivets 61 embedded in the surrounding rock 1 around the borehole 2 to fix the expansion anchor head 6 to the bottom of the borehole 2.

[0083] S14: Using the lock, rotate the rod 5 clockwise at the end of the rod 5 to move the screw sleeve 66 towards the limit retaining ring 4, and cause the expansion sleeve 64 to deform and expand radially. Continue to rotate the rod 5 so that the expanded expansion sleeve 64 and several semi-conical rivets 61 are embedded into the surrounding rock 1 around the drill hole 2 to a certain depth, ensuring that the expansion anchor head 6 and the surrounding rock 1 generate a large friction force.

[0084] S15: Stop rotating the rod 5, and install the sensor assembly 7, energy-absorbing tray 9, washer 10 and nut 11 in sequence on the outside of the exposed external thread section 51 at the borehole opening 2. Then use the lock to rotate the nut 11 so that the sensor assembly 7 fits tightly with the surrounding rock 1 at the borehole opening.

[0085] S16: Continue to increase the torque force, and move the rod body 5 towards the borehole 2 opening by rotating the nut 11, and drive the expansion anchor head 6 embedded in the surrounding rock 1 to move towards the borehole 2 opening, further increasing the depth of the expansion anchor head 6 embedded in the surrounding rock 1, thereby increasing the friction between the expansion anchor head 6 and the surrounding rock 1. When the increase in torque force is small, the expansion anchor head 6 reaches the best anchoring effect. Stop rotating the nut 11 and complete the anchoring construction operation of a single expansion anchor head anchor rod.

[0086] S17: Using a certain spacing and row spacing, complete the anchoring support operation of the entire surrounding rock 1 of the roadway;

[0087] S2: Support is provided by using anchor bolts with orchid-shaped clip anchor heads 12 assembled on anchor section S1.

[0088] S21: Drill holes 2 into the surface of the surrounding rock 1 in the area to be supported in the roadway, and ensure that the diameter of the drill holes 2 is slightly larger than the size of the orchid clip anchor head 12 in the contracted state.

[0089] S22: Fit the orchid clip anchor head 12 onto the external thread section 52 from the open end, and make the threaded sleeve 125 connected to the outside of the external thread section 52 through threaded engagement. Rotate the threaded sleeve 125 to move the orchid clip anchor head 12 towards the limiting ring 4 until the open end in the closed state abuts against the limiting ring 4, thus completing the assembly process of the orchid clip anchor head 12 and the rod body 5. The orchid clip anchor head 12 is in a naturally open state under the support of the two supporting springs 123.

[0090] S23: Push the rod 5 and the orchid clip anchor head 12 together into the borehole 2. During this process, the tension of the orchid clip expansion shell 121 opening is restricted by the borehole wall of the borehole 2, so that the opening end of the orchid clip expansion shell 121 has a certain depth of contact with the borehole wall of the borehole 2, and slides along the borehole wall of the borehole 2 to the delamination zone 3 of the surrounding rock 1 structure. When the orchid clip expansion shell 121 reaches the delamination zone 3, the tension restriction of the orchid clip expansion shell 121 by the borehole wall of the borehole 2 disappears. Under the support of the two support springs 123, the opening end of the orchid clip expansion shell 121 opens rapidly and penetrates into the delamination zone 3 to a certain depth.

[0091] S24: On the outside of the exposed external thread section 51 at the borehole 2, the sensor assembly 7, the energy absorption tray 9, the washer 10 and the nut 11 are sequentially installed. Then, the nut 11 is rotated using a lock to make the sensor assembly 7 fit tightly against the surrounding rock 1.

[0092] S25: Continue to increase the torque force, and move the rod body 5 towards the borehole 2 by rotating the nut 11, and drive the opening end of the orchid clip expansion shell 121 to continue to embed deeper into the surrounding rock 1, thereby increasing the anchoring force of the orchid clip anchor head 12 on the separation zone 3. When the increase in torque force is small, the orchid clip anchor head 12 achieves the best anchoring effect. Stop rotating the nut 11 and complete the anchoring construction operation of a single orchid clip anchor head anchor rod in the separation zone 3.

[0093] S26: Using a certain spacing and row spacing, complete the anchoring support operation of the surrounding rock 1 in the delamination zone 3 of the entire roadway;

[0094] Step 2: During the support process, monitor the stress values ​​and displacement changes of the anchor bolts.

[0095] The signal line 8 is connected to the monitoring equipment in the ground monitoring office. The sensor assembly 7 is used to collect the stress signal of the rod 5 and the compression signal of the energy-absorbing tray 9 in real time and send them to the monitoring equipment. The monitoring equipment obtains the stress data of the anchor rod during the support process through the received stress signal and obtains the compression deformation data of the energy-absorbing tray 9 during the support process through the received compression signal, and displays it in real time on the display screen on it.

[0096] Step 3: When the surrounding rock is subjected to high stress, the surface of the surrounding rock in the roadway will bulge and deform. At this time, the sensor component 7 will collect and record the high stress value of the surrounding rock. Then, the force generated on the surface of the surrounding rock acts on the energy-absorbing tray 9, and the energy-absorbing tray 9 tends to compress and deform under the force. When the high stress continues to act, the displacement change of the surrounding rock surface increases, the energy-absorbing tray 9 is gradually compressed and deformed under the force, and the axial length of the energy-absorbing tray 9 decreases. The sensor component 7 collects and records the deformation of the surrounding rock and the compression of the energy-absorbing tray 9.

[0097] Technicians monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock 1 and the energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing tray 9 in real time through the displayed monitoring data. When the surrounding rock 1 in a certain area of ​​the roadway is subjected to high stress and produces a large change in surface displacement, and the energy-absorbing tray 9 is compressed, deformed and fails under continuous high stress, supplementary anchoring support work is carried out.

[0098] S31: Rotate and remove the nut 11 on the failed anchor bolt, and then take out the washer 10, the failed energy-absorbing tray 9 and the sensor assembly 7 in sequence; as a preferred option, the failed energy-absorbing tray 9 can be recycled and reforged to make a new energy-absorbing tray 9 so that it can be reused.

[0099] S32: Flatten the rock mass that protrudes outward due to deformation on the surface of the surrounding rock 1, and then install the sensor assembly 7, the new energy-absorbing tray 9, the washer 10 and the nut 11 on the external thread section 51 in sequence.

[0100] S33: Tighten nut 11 using the lock to reapply preload force, so that anchorage section S1 can generate anchorage force again;

[0101] Step 4: Once the tunnel has completed its predetermined service period, the anchor bolts will be retrieved.

[0102] S41: Rotate the nut 11 to remove it, and then remove the washer 10, the energy-absorbing tray 9 and the sensor assembly 7 in sequence;

[0103] S42: Use the lock to rotate the rod body 5 counterclockwise, so that the external thread section 52 on the anchoring section S1 is disengaged from the thread sleeve 66 on the expansion anchor head 6 or from the thread sleeve 125 on the orchid clip anchor head 12, and the rod body 5 is gradually removed from the borehole 2, leaving the expansion anchor head 6 or the orchid clip anchor head 12 in the surrounding rock 1.

[0104] S43: Repeat S41 to S42 to rotate and remove the rod 5 in the entire tunnel in sequence, and complete the recycling operation of the rod 5, sensor assembly 7, energy-absorbing tray 9, washer 10 and nut 11.

[0105] Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 to achieve stable control of the surrounding rock 1 in the roadway under high stress, and recycle the corresponding components to improve the support effect and save support materials.

[0106] This method, focusing on high support performance, real-time monitoring, and environmental protection, replaces the traditional method of anchoring with anchoring agents. It employs an expansion-functional component that uses friction between the anchor and the surrounding rock, enabling reliable installation of the anchor rod without the need for anchoring agents and effectively ensuring support. This not only effectively solves the problem of anchor detachment caused by suboptimal anchoring agent performance but also effectively avoids groundwater pollution caused by chemicals in anchoring agents. A sensor assembly at the end of the rod is equipped with synchronous monitoring functions for the compression of the energy-absorbing tray and the stress of the surrounding rock. This allows for real-time monitoring of the anchor rod's support effect and the stress characteristics of the surrounding rock under high stress, achieving unmanned monitoring technology during the energy-absorbing anchor rod support process. It also effectively reduces the workload of regular inspections by personnel and improves the safety factor for workers. Furthermore, under high stress, the energy absorption effect of the anchor rod can be determined by monitoring the deformation of the energy-absorbing tray and its own stress. Because the energy-absorbing tray is positioned at the orifice, it can be replaced without replacing the rod itself after energy absorption fails, thus enabling multiple energy absorption cycles. Before replacing the energy-absorbing tray, leveling the surrounding rock at the orifice ensures effective support. Since the tightening mechanism and the external threaded section at the front end of the rod are threaded together, the rod can be easily disengaged from the tightening mechanism by simply rotating it counterclockwise after the roadway support structure is in place. This facilitates rod recycling and reuse, significantly reducing support costs. This support method offers ideal support, excellent energy absorption, and good environmental performance. It features continuous energy absorption, real-time monitoring of support status, and recyclable rods, achieving stable control of the surrounding rock and embodying a green and environmentally friendly support concept. It effectively prevents disasters caused by deep high stress in roadways and has broad application prospects.

Claims

1. A circulating energy-absorbing structure support device, comprising an anchoring mechanism, the anchoring mechanism comprising a rod (5), an energy-absorbing tray (9), a washer (10), and a nut (11); the rod (5) is composed of an anchoring section (S1) at the front, an energy-absorbing section (S2) at the rear, and a smooth rod section (S3) between the anchoring section (S1) and the energy-absorbing section (S2); an external threaded section (51) is provided on the outer side of the end of the energy-absorbing section (S2); the energy-absorbing tray (9) and the washer (10) are slidably fitted on the outer side of the external threaded section (51), and the washer (10) is closer to the end of the energy-absorbing section (S2) than the energy-absorbing tray (9); the nut (11) is connected to the outer side of the external threaded section (51) by a threaded engagement, and is closer to the end of the energy-absorbing section (S2) than the washer (10); characterized in that, It also includes a tensioning mechanism; the anchoring mechanism also includes a sensor assembly (7) and a signal line (8); The first end of the anchoring section (S1) is provided with an external thread section two (52), and a limit retaining ring (4) is coaxially fitted at the end of the external thread section two (52). The energy-absorbing tray (9) is composed of an inner sleeve (95), a middle sleeve (94), an outer sleeve (93), a connecting plate (97), a torsion spring (96), a flat baffle (91), and a convex baffle (92); the outer sleeve (93), the middle sleeve (94), and the inner sleeve (95) are of the same length and are coaxially arranged from the outside to the inside; the walls of the outer sleeve (93) have a continuous undulating structure; the cross-section of the middle sleeve (94) is a regular hexagon. The inner sleeve (95) has a circular cross-section; four connecting plates (97) are arranged in a cross shape between the outer sleeve (93) and the middle sleeve (94), and each connecting plate (97) is fixedly connected at both ends of its length to the inner wall of the outer sleeve (93) and the outer wall of the middle sleeve (94); the torsion spring (96) is sleeved on the outside of the inner sleeve (95) and located on the inside of the middle sleeve (94), and one end of the torsion spring (96) is... One connecting end is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the inner sleeve (95), and the other connecting end is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the middle sleeve (94); the flat baffle (91) is a flat plate structure, and its rear end face is fixedly connected to the front opening end of the middle sleeve (94) and the outer sleeve (93) at the same time, and is in contact with the front opening end of the inner sleeve (95), and its central area has a through hole one in the part corresponding to the inner sleeve (95); the convex baffle (92) is a plate structure with the rear end face center protruding backward in an arc shape, and its front end face is fixedly connected to the rear opening end of the middle sleeve (94) and the outer sleeve (93) at the same time, and is in contact with the rear opening end of the inner sleeve (95), and its central area has a through hole two in the part corresponding to the inner sleeve (95); the convex baffle (92) is composed of a rectangular baffle (98) and a frustum (99) fixedly connected to the central area of ​​the rear end face of the rectangular baffle (98); The energy-absorbing tray (9), sensor assembly (7), washer (10) and nut (11) are all detachably connected to the outside of the external thread section (51) by means of sliding sleeve or threaded engagement. This allows the energy-absorbing tray (9) to be compressed and deformed and fail under continuous high stress. The nut (11) can be unscrewed and the washer (10), the failed energy-absorbing tray (9) and sensor assembly (7) can be removed. Then the sensor assembly (7), the new energy-absorbing tray (9), washer (10) and nut (11) can be reinstalled and the preload can be reapplied. This allows for multiple cycles of energy absorption without replacing the rod body (5) and the tensioning mechanism. The sensor assembly (7) is a ring structure, which is slidably sleeved on the outside of the external thread section (51) and is farther away from the end of the energy-absorbing section (S2) than the energy-absorbing tray (9). The sensor assembly (7) has the function of stress detection based on its own stress change, and at the same time, it has the function of detecting the displacement change of the energy-absorbing tray (9) based on the change of the compression amount of the energy-absorbing tray (9). A signal line (8) is connected to it. The tightening mechanism is fitted onto the outside of the external thread section two (52) through a threaded fit, and its end abuts against the front end face of the limiting retaining ring (4), and it has radial expansion capability during the threaded fit with the external thread section two (52); The threaded connection between the tightening mechanism and the second external thread section (52) is detachable, so that after the tunnel has completed its predetermined service period, the second external thread section (52) can be disengaged from the tightening mechanism by rotating the rod (5) in the opposite direction, and the rod (5) can be taken out of the borehole (2) and recycled, while the tightening mechanism remains in the surrounding rock (1).

2. The energy-absorbing structural support device for cyclic application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tightening mechanism is an expansion anchor head (6), which consists of an expansion sleeve (64), a first circular retaining ring (63), a second circular retaining ring (65), and a first threaded sleeve (66). The expansion sleeve (64) has a constricted end structure, with two slotted grooves (62) oppositely formed in the middle of its tube body. Several evenly arranged semi-conical rivets (61) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of its tube body in the area outside the slotted grooves (62). The first circular retaining ring (63) and the second circular retaining ring (65) are the same size and are coaxially fixedly connected. The expansion sleeve (64) is connected to the front and rear openings of the expansion sleeve (64); the internal thread structure of the first threaded sleeve (66) is provided, and its rear end is coaxially fixedly connected to the front end of the first ring retainer (63); the expansion sleeve (64) is fitted on the outside of the second external thread section (52), and the first threaded sleeve (66) is fitted on the outside of the second external thread section (52) through threaded engagement, and the rear end face of the second ring retainer (65) and the front end face of the limiting retainer (4) abut against each other for limiting engagement, and the expansion anchor head (6) and the anchoring mechanism together form the expansion anchor head anchor rod.

3. The energy-absorbing structural support device for cyclic application according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expansion sleeve (64) has six rows of semi-conical rivets (61) evenly arranged around its body. Each row of semi-conical rivets (61) consists of five semi-conical rivets (61) evenly distributed along the length of the sleeve. The tip of each semi-conical rivet (61) faces the direction of the threaded sleeve (66).

4. The energy-absorbing structural support device for cyclic application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tightening mechanism may be an orchid-shaped clamp anchor head (12), which consists of a second threaded sleeve (125), a small threaded sleeve (124), a support spring (123), an expansion clamp first (121), an expansion clamp second (126), and a screw (122); The second threaded sleeve (125) has an internal thread structure inside; two small threaded sleeves (124) are symmetrically and radially fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the second threaded sleeve (125), and each small threaded sleeve (124) has an internal thread structure inside; the support spring (123) is a torsion arm spring; the two support springs (123) are respectively fitted on the outside of the two small threaded sleeves (124) at one end, and one torsion arm at that end is fixedly connected to the corresponding small threaded sleeve (124); The expansion clamps 2 (126) and 1 (121) are arranged opposite each other on opposite sides of the threaded sleeve 2 (125), and the front ends of the two opposite sides have a pair of parallel bent lugs 2 (128) and a pair of bent lugs 1 (127), and the rear ends form the opening end of the orchid clip anchor head (12); the pair of bent lugs 2 (128) overlap and fasten to the outside of the pair of bent lugs 1 (127), and the pair of bent lugs 1 (127) are respectively fastened to the outside of the two small threaded sleeves (124) and pressed against the outside of the two support springs (123) at their far ends. At the same time, the other torsion arm of the two support springs (123) at their far ends abuts against the inner side of the expansion clamp 2 (126) and the expansion clamp 1 (127). The inner side of the expansion clamp plate (121); a pair of through holes are provided on a pair of bent ear plates (127) corresponding to the positions of the two small threaded sleeves (124), and a pair of through holes are provided on a pair of bent ear plates (128) corresponding to the positions of the two small threaded sleeves (124); two screws (122) are provided corresponding to the two small threaded sleeves (124), and each screw (122) is fixedly connected to the middle of the small threaded sleeve (124) by threaded engagement after passing through the bent ear plate (128), the bent ear plate (127) and the support spring (123) in sequence. The diameter of the through hole (1) and the diameter of the through hole (2) are both larger than the outer diameter of the screw (122) rod body; the orchid clip anchor head (12) and the anchoring mechanism together form the orchid clip anchor head anchor rod.

5. The energy-absorbing structural support device for cyclic application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rod body (5) is made of Q235 carbon steel; the expansion clamp one (121), expansion clamp two (126), screw (122) and small screw sleeve (124) are all made of Q235 carbon steel; the expansion sleeve (64) and semi-conical rivet (61) are all made of 304 stainless steel; the circular retaining ring one (63), circular retaining ring two (65) and screw sleeve one (66) are all made of Q235 carbon steel.

6. A method for supporting an energy-absorbing structure in a cyclical manner, employing an energy-absorbing structure support device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Analyze the structure of the surrounding rock (1) in the deep part of the tunnel. If the structure of the surrounding rock (1) is intact, execute S1. Analyze the structure of the surrounding rock (1) in the deep part of the tunnel. If the structure of the surrounding rock (1) has a delamination zone (3), execute S2. S1: Support is provided by an expansion anchor head anchor rod equipped with an expansion anchor head (6) in the anchor section (S1); S11: Drill holes (2) into the surface of the surrounding rock (1) in the area to be supported in the roadway, and ensure that the diameter of the drill hole (2) is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve (64); S12: The expansion anchor head (6) is fitted onto the external thread section (52) from one side of the circular retaining ring (65), and the threaded sleeve (66) is connected to the outside of the external thread section (52) through threaded engagement. The threaded sleeve (66) is rotated to move the expansion anchor head (6) closer to the limiting retaining ring (4) until the circular retaining ring (65) abuts against the limiting retaining ring (4), thus completing the assembly process of the expansion anchor head (6) and the rod body (5). At this time, the outer diameter of the several semi-conical rivets (61) around the expansion anchor head (6) is slightly larger than the diameter of the drill hole (2). S13: Push the rod (5) and the expansion anchor head (6) into the borehole (2) together until the first end of the anchor section (S1) and the bottom of the borehole (2) reach the set distance. At the same time, ensure that the external thread section (51) on the energy absorption section (S2) is exposed to a certain length at the borehole (2). During this process, use a number of semi-conical rivets (61) embedded in the surrounding rock (1) around the borehole (2) to fix the expansion anchor head (6) to the bottom of the borehole (2). S14: Using the lock, rotate the rod (5) clockwise at the end of the rod (5) to move the screw sleeve (66) towards the limit retaining ring (4) and cause the expansion sleeve (64) to deform and expand radially. Continue to rotate the rod (5) so that the expanded expansion sleeve (64) and several semi-conical rivets (61) are embedded into the surrounding rock (1) around the drill hole (2) to a certain depth, ensuring that friction is generated between the expansion anchor head (6) and the surrounding rock (1). S15: Stop rotating the rod (5), and install the sensor assembly (7), energy-absorbing tray (9), washer (10) and nut (11) in sequence on the outside of the exposed external thread section (51) at the borehole (2). Then use the lock to rotate the nut (11) so that the sensor assembly (7) fits tightly with the surrounding rock (1) at the borehole. S16: Continue to increase the torque force, and move the rod (5) towards the borehole (2) by rotating the nut (11), and drive the expansion anchor head (6) embedded in the surrounding rock (1) to move towards the borehole (2) to further increase the depth of the expansion anchor head (6) embedded in the surrounding rock (1), thereby increasing the friction between the expansion anchor head (6) and the surrounding rock (1). When the torque force increases by a small amount, the expansion anchor head (6) reaches the best anchoring effect. Stop rotating the nut (11) and complete the anchoring construction operation of a single expansion anchor head anchor rod. S17: Using a certain spacing and row spacing, complete the anchoring support operation of the entire surrounding rock (1) of the roadway; S2: The anchor bolt with orchid clip anchor head (12) assembled with anchor section (S1) is used for support; S21: Drill holes (2) into the surface of the surrounding rock (1) in the area to be supported in the roadway, and ensure that the diameter of the drill holes (2) is slightly larger than the size of the orchid clip anchor head (12) in the contracted state; S22: Fit the orchid clip anchor head (12) onto the external thread section two (52) from the open end, and make the threaded sleeve two (125) connected to the outside of the external thread section two (52) through threaded engagement. Rotate the threaded sleeve two (125) to move the orchid clip anchor head (12) closer to the limiting retaining ring (4) until the open end in the closed state abuts against the limiting retaining ring (4), thus completing the assembly process of the orchid clip anchor head (12) and the rod body (5). The orchid clip anchor head (12) is in a naturally open state under the support of the two supporting springs (123). S23: Push the rod (5) and the orchid clip anchor head (12) into the borehole (2) together. During this process, the tension of the orchid clip expansion shell is restricted by the borehole wall (2), so that the opening end of the orchid clip expansion shell has a certain depth of contact with the borehole wall (2) and slides along the borehole wall (2) to the delamination zone (3) of the surrounding rock (1) structure. When the orchid clip expansion shell reaches the delamination zone (3), the tension restriction of the orchid clip expansion shell by the borehole wall (2) disappears. Under the support of the two support springs (123), the opening end of the orchid clip expansion shell opens rapidly and penetrates into the delamination zone (3) to a certain depth. S24: On the outside of the exposed external thread section (51) at the borehole (2), the sensor assembly (7), the energy-absorbing tray (9), the washer (10) and the nut (11) are sequentially installed. Then, the nut (11) is rotated using a lock to make the sensor assembly (7) fit tightly against the surrounding rock (1). S25: Continue to increase the torque force, and move the rod (5) towards the borehole (2) by rotating the nut (11), and drive the opening end of the orchid clip expansion shell to continue to embed deeper into the surrounding rock (1), thereby increasing the anchoring force of the orchid clip anchor head (12) on the separation zone (3). When the torque force increases by a small margin, the orchid clip anchor head (12) reaches the best anchoring effect. Stop rotating the nut (11) and complete the anchoring construction of a single orchid clip anchor head in the separation zone (3). S26: Using a certain spacing and row spacing, complete the anchoring support operation of the surrounding rock (1) in the delamination zone (3) area of ​​the entire roadway; Step 2: During the support process, monitor the stress values ​​and displacement changes of the anchor bolts. The signal line (8) is connected to the monitoring equipment in the ground monitoring office. The sensor assembly (7) is used to collect the stress signal of the rod (5) and the compression signal of the energy-absorbing tray (9) in real time and send them to the monitoring equipment. The monitoring equipment obtains the stress data of the anchor rod during the support process through the received stress signal and obtains the compression deformation data of the energy-absorbing tray (9) during the support process through the received compression signal, and displays it in real time on the display screen on it. Step 3: Technicians monitor the deformation of the surrounding rock (1) and the energy absorption effect of the energy-absorbing tray (9) in real time through the displayed monitoring data; when it is detected that the surrounding rock (1) in a certain area of ​​the roadway is subjected to high stress and produces a large change in surface displacement, and the energy-absorbing tray (9) is compressed and deformed and fails under continuous high stress, supplementary anchoring support work is carried out. S31: Rotate the nut (11) on the failed anchor bolt to remove it, and then take out the washer (10), the failed energy-absorbing tray (9) and the sensor assembly (7) in sequence. S32: Flatten the rock mass that protrudes outward due to deformation on the surface of the surrounding rock (1), and then install the sensor assembly (7), the new energy-absorbing tray (9), the washer (10) and the nut (11) on the external thread section (51) in sequence. S33: Tighten the nut (11) using the lock to reapply the preload force, so that the anchoring section (S1) can generate anchoring force again; Step 4: Once the tunnel has completed its predetermined service period, the anchor bolts will be retrieved. S41: Rotate the nut (11) to remove it, and then remove the washer (10), energy-absorbing tray (9) and sensor assembly (7) in sequence. S42: Using the lock, rotate the rod (5) counterclockwise to disengage the external thread section (52) on the anchor section (S1) from the threaded sleeve (66) on the expansion anchor head (6) or from the threaded sleeve (125) on the orchid clip anchor head (12), and gradually remove the rod (5) from the borehole (2), leaving the expansion anchor head (6) or the orchid clip anchor head (12) in the surrounding rock (1); S43: Repeat S41 to S42 to rotate and remove the rod (5) in the entire tunnel in sequence, and complete the recycling operation of the rod (5), sensor assembly (7), energy-absorbing tray (9), washer (10) and nut (11); Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 to achieve stable control of the surrounding rock (1) of the tunnel under high stress, and recycle the corresponding components to improve the support effect and save support materials.

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