Shockwave acceleration measurement sensor and method based on viscous liquid and mass

Abstract

The application discloses a shock wave acceleration measurement sensor and method based on viscous liquid and mass block, aiming at solving the problems that the existing shock wave acceleration measurement method is greatly affected by the strength of the measured object, the measurement device structure is complex, and the parasitic effect is serious under strong impact environment. The sensor is composed of a packaging shell, a fixed disc, a viscous liquid, a perforated mass slider and a movable bolt. The perforated mass slider is located in the packaging shell, the fixed disc, the perforated mass slider and the packaging shell are coaxially installed, and the viscous liquid fills the remaining space in the packaging shell; the fixed disc is fixed at the right end of the packaging shell through the movable bolt. After the impact load is loaded, the sliding distance of the perforated mass slider is combined with the loading time to realize the rapid quantitative passive measurement of the shock wave acceleration. The sensor has the advantages of simple structure, strong anti-interference ability and high measurement precision, can be used for shock wave acceleration measurement of different strength grades, and the measurement method is simple and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of measurement and detection, specifically relating to a device and method for measuring shock wave acceleration, which is a sensor and method for measuring shock wave acceleration using a viscous liquid and a mass block. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the development of science and technology and weaponry, shock waves are frequently generated in certain scenarios. Shock waves are one of the main factors that cause damage and destruction to personnel, equipment, and protective structures. Therefore, the measurement of shock waves plays an important role in aerospace experiments, military technology, and earthquake detection. Shock wave acceleration is a transient motion parameter generated by the shock wave load acting on the target. It is the key to evaluating the dynamic response strength of the structure and the destructive power of the shock wave field. Therefore, research on shock wave acceleration measurement is becoming an increasingly popular research topic.

[0003] Traditional methods for measuring shock wave acceleration include the equivalent target plate method, the equivalent pressure vessel method, and the equivalent biological experiment method. Before the test, an equivalent target plate or equivalent pressure vessel is placed within the explosion field. After the test, the shock wave acceleration is determined by the degree of damage to the test object. These methods are simple in principle, but the degree of damage to the test object is difficult to accurately classify, so only a rough estimate of the shock wave acceleration can be made. With the development of sensor technology and electronic measurement technology, electrical measurement methods for shock wave acceleration testing have gradually emerged. Compared with traditional testing methods, electrical measurement methods can completely record the entire process of the impact load. Further processing of the measured data can yield more accurate parameters such as shock wave acceleration.

[0004] Currently, the accelerometers mainly used in shock wave electrical measurement fall into three categories: piezoresistive accelerometers, piezoelectric accelerometers, and capacitive accelerometers. Piezoresistive accelerometers are sensing elements made based on the piezoresistive effect of semiconductor materials. They offer advantages such as a wide measurement range, easy signal processing, and good linearity, making them suitable for static measurements. Piezoelectric accelerometers are made from materials exhibiting the piezoelectric effect. Their main characteristic is converting output charge into a corresponding voltage value; the signal processing circuit requires a charge amplifier, resulting in high input impedance. While piezoelectric accelerometers offer good stability and excellent dynamic characteristics, making them widely used in dynamic measurements of explosion shock waves, they also suffer from sensitivity to acceleration and inertial loads, and difficulties in calibration. Capacitive accelerometers primarily rely on the change in capacitance caused by the acceleration acting on an inertial mass and a fixed electrode, resulting in a change in their relative displacement. The measured acceleration value is then determined by calculating the change in capacitance.

[0005] In summary, existing shock wave acceleration sensors have at least the following technical problems:

[0006] 1. The force-sensitive elements of piezoresistive and piezoelectric accelerometers suffer from severe parasitic effects under harsh environments such as high temperature, strong light, and strong mechanical vibration, which can seriously interfere with the working performance of the sensors. At the same time, the manufacturing process of piezoresistive and piezoelectric accelerometers is relatively complex.

[0007] 2. Under high-impact environments, capacitive accelerometers exhibit poor linearity, which directly affects the accuracy of measurement data. Furthermore, their signal processing circuitry is relatively complex compared to other accelerometers, limiting their application range.

[0008] Silicone oil, as a typical viscous liquid material, is an important product of the organosilicon industry with broad application prospects. It is used not only as an antifoaming agent, lubricant, and mold release agent in daily life, but also directly as a pharmaceutical ingredient, serving as an effective gas eliminator and excipient in traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Common types of silicone oil include diethyl silicone oil and polydimethylsiloxane. Diethyl silicone oil and polydimethylsiloxane have similar properties, possessing advantages such as heat resistance, electrical insulation, weather resistance, hydrophobicity, and physiological inertness. They can also be used as special materials in aerospace and military technology sectors. However, due to the complexity of shock wave fields, often accompanied by high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous products, it is difficult to obtain the propagation law of shock waves in viscous liquids such as silicone oil. Therefore, it is difficult to conceive of using viscous liquids to measure shock wave acceleration, and there is no publicly available literature involving the preparation of shock wave acceleration measurement sensors using viscous liquids.

[0009] Because it is very difficult to directly measure shock wave acceleration using viscous liquids, there are currently no reports on the preparation of shock wave acceleration measurement sensors using viscous liquids and perforated mass blocks. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to provide a shock wave acceleration measurement sensor and method based on viscous liquid and a mass block. This addresses the challenges of existing shock wave acceleration measurement methods, such as significant influence from the strength of the measured object, susceptibility to temperature fluctuations, and complex measurement device structures. It also overcomes the shortcomings of existing accelerometers, including severe parasitic effects under strong impact environments and relatively complex manufacturing processes. The sensor of this invention features low cost, simple structure, strong anti-interference capability, rapid deployment, convenient post-processing, and high measurement accuracy. It can be used to measure shock wave acceleration of different intensity levels, providing a new reference option for shock wave acceleration measurement. The measurement method utilizes the relative displacement of the viscous liquid and the mass block to convert the shock wave into the relative displacement of the mass block, thereby achieving rapid, quantitative, and passive measurement of shock wave acceleration.

[0011] The present invention consists of an encapsulation housing, a fixed disc, a viscous liquid, a perforated mass slider and a movable bolt. One end of the encapsulation housing close to the fixed disc is defined as the right end, and one end of the encapsulation housing far from the fixed disc is defined as the left end; the perforated mass slider is located inside the encapsulation housing, the fixed disc, the perforated mass slider and the encapsulation housing are coaxially installed, and the viscous liquid fills the remaining space in the encapsulation housing; the fixed disc is fixed to the right end of the encapsulation housing through the movable bolt to encapsulate the right end face of the encapsulation housing.

[0012] The encapsulation housing is cylindrical, the outer diameter D1 of the encapsulation housing satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.5m, the wall thickness t1 satisfies 0.001m<t1<0.1m, the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1=D1-2t1, the length L1 satisfies 0.01m<L1<2m, the thickness t2 of the bottom of the left end of the encapsulation housing satisfies 0.005m<t2<0.1m, the axial length of the inner space of the encapsulation housing is l1 which satisfies l1=L1-t2; four first screw holes are machined at the right end of the encapsulation housing, the distance from the center of the first screw hole to the center of the end face of the encapsulation housing is r1, which satisfies r1=(t1+d1) / 2, the diameter of the first screw hole is φ 11 satisfies 0.003m<φ 11 <t1, the depth l2 of the first screw hole satisfies 0.005m<l2<0.1m, the fixed disc is connected and fixed to the right end face of the encapsulation housing by inserting the movable bolt into the first screw hole. Four second screw holes are machined on the left end face of the encapsulation housing, the distance r2 from the center of the second screw hole to the center of the end face of the encapsulation housing satisfies r2=r1, the diameter of the second screw hole is φ 12 satisfies 0.003m<φ 12 <t1, the depth l3 of the second screw hole satisfies 0.002m<l3<0.5t2, the encapsulation housing is fixed by connecting the second screw hole with a fixture. The encapsulation housing carries the perforated mass slider, and the perforated mass slider can slide freely without friction in the encapsulation housing; the yield strength σ1 of the encapsulation housing material is σ1>200MPa, the density ρ1 is ρ1>1g / cm 3 , the basic principle is that the encapsulation housing does not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact.

[0013] The fixed disc is used for encapsulating the right end face of the encapsulation housing, its diameter is D1, which satisfies 0.01m<D1<0.5m, its thickness is t2, which satisfies 0.005m<t2<0.1m; four screw through holes are machined on the fixed disc, the distance from the center of the screw through hole to the center O' of the right end face of the fixed disc is equal to r1, the diameter of the screw through hole is φ 11 , the diameter is equal to φ 11 ; two end faces of the fixed disc are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis OO' of the encapsulation housing; the fixed disc is connected and fixed to the right end face of the encapsulation housing by inserting the movable bolt into the first screw hole; the fixed disc is prepared from the same material as the encapsulation housing.

[0014] The viscous liquid provides additional damping for the perforated mass slider, shall be non-toxic and odorless, with excellent physical properties and good chemical stability; the viscosity of the viscous liquid shall be appropriate, with a dynamic viscosity 100mPa·s<η<1000mPa·s at 25°C. Viscous liquids with excellent physical and chemical properties such as polydimethylsiloxane and diethyl silicone oil can be used to fill and encapsulate the shell. The relative density of polydimethylsiloxane is 0.970 to 0.980, and its dynamic viscosity η at 25°C is 450 to 950mPa·s. The relative density of diethyl silicone oil is 0.95 to 1.060, and its dynamic viscosity η at 25°C is 400 to 870mPa·s.

[0015] The relative displacement of the perforated mass slider before and after movement is used to characterize the shock wave acceleration. The perforated mass slider is disc-shaped with an outer diameter equal to d1. A through hole is drilled in the center of the perforated mass slider, the diameter of the through hole is d2, and d2 satisfies 0.005m<d2<0.1m. The thickness of the perforated mass slider is t3, which satisfies 0.002m<t3<0.1m; both end faces of the perforated mass slider are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the packaging shell, and the outer side surface of the perforated mass slider is smooth. When there is no viscous liquid in the packaging shell, the perforated mass slider can slide freely without friction in the packaging shell; the perforated mass slider is made of metal materials, and the materials shall meet the following requirements: yield strength σ4>200MPa, density ρ4>2g / cm 3 .

[0016] Action mechanism between viscous liquid and perforated mass slider: when the test device is subjected to impact load, the viscous liquid and the mass block will obtain different movement speeds, so that the viscous liquid and the mass block move along the impact direction at different speeds. The shock wave acceleration can be obtained through the action time of the impact load and the sliding distance of the perforated mass slider before and after the impact load acts, so that the measuring device can be used for quantitative measurement of shock wave acceleration.

[0017] The method for measuring shock wave acceleration by adopting a shock wave acceleration measuring sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block is as follows:

[0018] Step 1: Preparation for shock wave acceleration measurement, the method is:

[0019] 1.1 Install the fixed disc, the perforated mass slider and the packaging shell coaxially; fill the remaining space in the packaging shell with the viscous liquid;

[0020] 1.2 Ensure that there is no liquid leakage of the viscous liquid in the packaging shell;

[0021] 1.3 The shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block is fixed on the bracket as a whole, and the shock wave field and the normal of the end face of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block are on the same straight line as much as possible. The lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavy support.

[0022] 1.4 Measure the distance x1 between the right end face of the hole mass slider and the left end face of the fixed disk, that is, record the length of the distance between the right end face of the hole mass slider and the left end face of the fixed disk.

[0023] The second step is to measure the shock wave acceleration, the method is as follows:

[0024] 2.1 When the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block is subjected to an impact load, the viscous liquid and the open-hole mass block obtain different particle velocities, and the viscous liquid and the open-hole mass block move to the left at different velocities respectively;

[0025] 2.2 Record the movement time of the slider with the opening mass as Δt;

[0026] 2.3 After the impact load is applied, measure the distance x2 between the right end face of the opening mass slider and the left end face of the fixed disk. Use a ruler to read x2. When reading, ensure that the end face of the opening mass slider is parallel to the left end face of the encapsulation housing.

[0027] 2.4 Calculate the axial displacement Δx of the block mass at the opening, where Δx = x2 - x1;

[0028] 2.5 Calculate the shock wave acceleration a based on the displacement Δx and the motion time Δt: This enables rapid, passive, quantitative measurement of shock wave acceleration; where m is the mass of the opening mass slider; n is the shear flow index of the viscous liquid, and k is the viscosity coefficient of the viscous liquid. The shear flow index can be obtained by fitting the shear stress versus shear rate curve of the viscous liquid, and the viscosity coefficient can be obtained by testing with a rheometer; A1, α, and β are the material parameters of the opening mass slider, for a yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa and a density ρ4 > 2 g / cm³. 3 The material can be selected with A1 = 0.1069, α = 0.6917, and β = -0.2751.

[0029] The following technical effects can be achieved by using this invention:

[0030] 1. The measurement method of the present invention calculates the shock wave acceleration by measuring the displacement Δx of the open-hole mass slider and combining it with the slider's motion time Δt, thereby completing the quantitative measurement of the shock wave acceleration. This method has convenient post-processing and high measurement accuracy.

[0031] 2. By selecting viscous liquids of different viscosities and mass blocks with different aperture diameters, various specifications of shock wave acceleration-aperture mass block shock wave acceleration sensors can be constructed to achieve accurate measurement of shock wave acceleration of different intensities.

[0032] 3. The sensor of this invention has the characteristics of simple structure, high strength, strong anti-interference ability, no power supply required, no parasitic effect, convenient deployment and use, simple and intuitive results, low cost, and reusability. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block of the present invention before being subjected to impact load.

[0035] Figure 3 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block of the present invention after being loaded with an impact load.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the encapsulation housing 1.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fixed disk 2.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the hole quality slider 4.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1. Encapsulation housing, 2. Fixed disc, 3. Viscous liquid, 4. Opening mass slider, 5. Movable bolt. Specific implementation methods

[0041] To facilitate understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] Figure 1is a general structural schematic diagram of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block of the present invention. The present invention consists of an encapsulation housing 1, a fixed disk 2, a viscous liquid 3, an open-hole mass slider 4 and a movable bolt 5, and is placed in a shock wave field generated by an explosion source 6. The end of the encapsulation housing 1 close to the fixed disk 2 is defined as the right end, and the end of the encapsulation housing 1 far from the fixed disk 2 is defined as the left end; the open-hole mass slider 4 is located inside the encapsulation housing 1, and the fixed disk 2, the open-hole mass slider 4 and the encapsulation housing 1 are installed coaxially; the viscous liquid 3 fills the remaining space in the encapsulation housing 1, the viscous liquid 3 provides additional damping for the test system, and viscous liquids such as polydimethylsiloxane and diethyl silicone oil can be selected, with a relative density ranging from 0.970 to 1.100, a refractive index ranging from 1.390 to 1.410, being colorless, transparent, non-toxic and odorless, having electrical insulation performance and heat resistance, with a freezing point of -59°C, and can be used for a long time in the temperature range of -50°C to +200°C. Meanwhile, the viscosity of the viscous liquid shall be appropriate, and the dynamic viscosity satisfies 100 mPa·s < η < 1000 mPa·s at 25°C; the fixed disk 2 is fixed to the right end of the encapsulation housing 1 through the movable bolt 5, and encapsulates the right end face of the encapsulation housing 1.

[0043] Figure 2 is an axial sectional view of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block of the present invention before being loaded with impact load, Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the encapsulation housing 1. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the encapsulation housing 1 is cylindrical, the outer diameter D1 of the encapsulation housing 1 satisfies 0.01m < D1 < 0.5m, the wall thickness t1 satisfies 0.001m < t1 < 0.1m, the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1 = D1-2t1, the length L1 satisfies 0.01m < L1 < 2m, the thickness t2 of the bottom at the left end of the encapsulation housing 1 satisfies 0.005m < t2 < 0.1m, the axial length of the inner space of the encapsulation housing 1 is l1, which satisfies l1 = L1-t2; four first screw holes 11 are processed at the right end of the encapsulation housing 1, the distance from the center of the first screw hole 11 to the center of the end face of the encapsulation housing 1 is r1, which satisfies r1 = (t1+d1) / 2, the diameter φ 11 satisfies 0.003m < φ 11 < t1, the depth l2 of the first screw hole 11 satisfies 0.005m < l2 < 0.1m, the fixed disk 2 is connected and fixed to the right end face of the encapsulation housing 1 by inserting the movable bolt 5 into the first screw hole 11. Four second screw holes 12 are processed on the left end face of the encapsulation housing 1, the distance r2 from the center of the second screw hole 12 to the center of the end face of the encapsulation housing 1 satisfies r2 = r1, the diameter φ 12 satisfies 0.003m < φ 12<t1>, the depth l3 of the second screw hole 12 satisfies 0.002m<l3<0.5t2, and the packaging shell 1 is fixed by connecting the second screw hole 12 with a fixture. The packaging shell 1 carries a perforated mass slider 4, and the perforated mass slider 4 slides freely without friction in the packaging shell 1; the yield strength of the material of the packaging shell 1 σ1>200MPa, and the density ρ1>1g / cm 3 , the basic principle is that no plastic deformation occurs when the packaging shell 1 is subjected to external impact. Four movable bolts 5 are respectively inserted into four first screw holes 11 for connecting the packaging shell 1 and the fixed disc 2, and the diameter of the threaded portion of the movable bolt 5 is equal to φ 11 , the length of the threaded portion of the movable bolt 5 is l4, which satisfies l4=l2+t2. The material of the movable bolt 5 is required to satisfy: yield strength σ5>200MPa, density ρ5>1g / cm 3 , so that no plastic deformation occurs when the movable bolt 5 is subjected to external impact.

[0044] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fixed disc 2. The fixed disc 2 is used for packaging the right end face of the packaging shell 1, has a diameter equal to D1 and a thickness t2, which satisfies 0.005m<t2<0.1m; four screw through holes 21 are processed on the fixed disc 2, the distance from the center of the screw through hole 21 to the center O' of the right end face of the fixed disc 2 is equal to r1, and the diameter of the screw through hole 21 is equal to φ 11 ; both end faces of the fixed disc 2 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis OO' of the packaging shell 1; the fixed disc 2 is connected and fixed to the right end face of the packaging shell 1 by inserting the movable bolt 5 into the first screw hole 11; the fixed disc 2 is prepared from the same material as the packaging shell 1.

[0045] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the perforated mass slider 4, which is disc-shaped. The relative displacement of the perforated mass slider 4 before and after movement is used to characterize the shock wave acceleration, the outer diameter of the perforated mass slider 4 is equal to d1, a through hole 41 is dug in the center of the perforated mass slider 4, the diameter of the through hole 41 is d2, and d2 satisfies 0.005m<d2<0.1m. The thickness of the perforated mass slider 4 is t3, which satisfies 0.002m<t3<0.1m; both end faces of the perforated mass slider 4 are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the packaging shell 1, the outer side surface of the perforated mass slider 4 is smooth, and when there is no viscous liquid 3 in the packaging shell 1, the perforated mass slider 4 can slide freely without friction in the packaging shell 1; the perforated mass slider 4 is made of metal material, and the material is required to satisfy: yield strength σ4>200MPa, density ρ4>2g / cm 3 .

[0046] The following describes the effect of the present invention by way of an embodiment. The material of the packaging shell 1 is 6061 aluminum, with a density of 2.75g / cm 3The yield strength is 240MPa, the outer diameter D1 of the encapsulation shell 1 is 0.024m, the wall thickness t1 is 0.006m, the inner diameter d1 is 0.012m, the length L1 of the encapsulation shell 1 is 0.1m, and the thickness t2 at the bottom left end of the encapsulation shell 1 meets the requirement of 0.006m.

[0047] Four first screw holes 11 are machined on the right end of the package housing 1. The distance from the center of the first screw hole 11 to the center of the end face of the package housing 1 is r1, which is 0.009m. The diameter φ of the first screw hole 11 is... 11 The depth l2 of the first screw hole 11 is 0.006m. Four second screw holes 12 are machined on the left end face of the package housing 1. The center distance r2 of each second screw hole 12 from the center of the end face of the package housing 1 is 0.009m, and the diameter φ of the second screw hole 12 is... 12 The second screw hole 12 has a depth l3 of 0.003m, meeting the requirement of 0.004m. The enclosure housing 1 is fixed to the fixture via the connection of the second screw hole 12. The movable bolt 5 is made of structural steel with a density of 7.85g / cm³. 3 The yield strength is 390 MPa. Four movable bolts 5 are inserted into four first screw holes 11 to connect the encapsulation shell 1 and the fixed disk 2. The thread diameter of the movable bolt 5 is 0.004 μm, and the thread length is 0.012 μm. The fixed disk 2 is made of the same material as the encapsulation shell 1, with a diameter of 0.024 μm and a thickness of 0.006 μm. Four screw through holes 21 are machined on the fixed disk 2. The center distance of the screw through hole 21 from the center O′ of the right end face of the fixed disk 2 is 0.009 μm, and the diameter of the screw through hole 21 is 0.004 μm. The material of the opening quality slider 4 is 6061 aluminum with a density of 2.75 g / cm³. 3 The yield strength is 240 MPa; the viscous liquid 3 is made of polydimethylsiloxane with a relative density range of 0.973 and a dynamic viscosity of 500 mPa·s; the perforated mass slider 4 is made of the same material as the encapsulation shell 1, with an outer diameter of 0.012 m, and a through hole 41 with a diameter d2 of 0.006 m is drilled in the center of the perforated mass slider 4. The thickness t3 of the perforated mass slider 4 is 0.004 m.

[0048] The method for measuring shock wave acceleration using the above embodiments is as follows:

[0049] The first step is to prepare for shock wave acceleration measurement, and the method is as follows:

[0050] 1.1 Install the fixed disc 2, the perforated mass slider 4, and the encapsulation housing 1 coaxially; fill the remaining space inside the encapsulation housing 1 with the viscous liquid 3;

[0051] 1.2 Ensure that there is no leakage of viscous liquid 3 inside the packaging shell 1;

[0052] 1.3 The shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block is fixed on the bracket as a whole, and the shock wave field and the normal of the end face of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block are on the same straight line as much as possible. The lower end of the bracket is fixed on the ground or a heavy support.

[0053] 1.4 The distance x1 between the right end face of the hole-opening mass slider 4 and the left end face of the fixed disk 2 is equal to 0.008m. Record the length of the distance between the right end face of the hole-opening mass slider 4 and the left end face of the fixed disk 2 (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (as shown in x1).

[0054] The second step is to measure the shock wave acceleration, the method is as follows:

[0055] 2.1 When the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block is subjected to an impact load, the viscous liquid 3 and the open-hole mass slider 4 obtain different particle velocities, and the viscous liquid 3 and the open-hole mass slider 4 move to the left at different velocities respectively;

[0056] 2.2 The movement time of the slider 4 with the opening mass is recorded as Δt, which is equal to 0.003s;

[0057] 2.3 After the impact load is applied, measure the distance x2 between the right end face of the opening mass slider 4 and the left end face of the fixed disk 2. The distance x2 is 0.039m when the scale is used to determine the distance. When determining the distance, ensure that the end face of the opening mass slider 4 is parallel to the left end face of the encapsulation shell.

[0058] 2.4 Calculate the axial displacement Δx = x2 - x1 of the block 4 with the hole mass, which is equal to 0.031m; Figure 6 This is an axial sectional view of the present invention after being subjected to an impact load. (See image below.) Figure 6 As shown, after the impact load is applied from the right fixed disk 2 to the left, the position of the opening mass slider 4 shifts to the left, that is, the distance between the opening mass slider 4 and the left end face of the encapsulation housing 1 decreases. The distance between the opening mass slider 4 and the fixed disk 2 before the impact load is determined by calipers to be x1 (see...). Figure 2 After the impact load is applied, the distance between the punched mass block 4 and the fixed disk 2 is x2, and the relative displacement of the punched mass block 4 before and after sliding is Δx = x2 - x1.

[0059] 2.5 Based on the displacement of 0.0031m and the motion time of 0.003s, the shock wave acceleration a is calculated to be 398.86m / s². 2 , This enables rapid, passive, quantitative measurement of shock wave acceleration; where m equals 0.93g, representing the mass of the open-hole mass slider 4; n equals 0.5, representing the shear flow index of the viscous liquid 3; k equals 48, representing the viscosity coefficient of the viscous liquid 3. The shear flow index can be obtained by fitting the shear stress-shear rate curve of the viscous liquid, and the viscosity coefficient can be obtained by testing with a rheometer; A1, α, and β are the material parameters of the open-hole mass slider 4. For 6061 aluminum, A1 = 0.1065, α = 0.3561, and β = -0.2744 can be taken.

[0060] The above embodiments are merely one implementation of the present invention. The specific structure and dimensions can be adjusted according to actual needs. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims

1. A shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block, characterized in that... The shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block consists of a housing (1), a fixed disk (2), a viscous liquid (3), an open-hole mass slider (4), and a movable bolt (5), and is placed in the shock wave field generated by the explosion source (6). The end of the housing (1) closest to the fixed disk (2) is defined as the right end, and the end of the housing (1) furthest from the fixed disk (2) is defined as the left end. The open-hole mass slider (4) is located inside the housing (1), and the fixed disk (2) and the open-hole mass... The slider (4) and the encapsulation shell (1) are coaxially mounted; the viscous liquid (3) fills the remaining space inside the encapsulation shell (1), and the viscous liquid (3) provides additional damping for the test system. The viscous liquid (3) is required to have a relative density range of 0.970 to 1.100, and the dynamic viscosity at 25°C meets the requirement of 100 mPa·s < η < 1000 mPa·s; the fixed disk (2) is fixed to the right end of the encapsulation shell (1) by the movable bolt (5) to encapsulate the right end face of the encapsulation shell (1); The encapsulation housing (1) is cylindrical, with an outer diameter of D1, a wall thickness of t1, an inner diameter of d1, and a length of L1. The thickness at the bottom left end of the encapsulation housing (1) is t2, and the axial length of the internal space of the encapsulation housing (1) is l1. Four first screw holes (11) are machined at the right end of the encapsulation housing (1). The center of the first screw hole (11) is r1 from the center of the end face of the encapsulation housing (1), and the diameter of the first screw hole (11) is φ. 11 The first screw hole (11) has a depth of l2. The fixed disc (2) is inserted into the first screw hole (11) by the movable bolt (5) and connected and fixed to the right end face of the encapsulation shell (1). Four second screw holes (12) are machined on the left end face of the encapsulation shell (1). The center distance of the second screw hole (12) from the center of the end face of the encapsulation shell (1) is r2, and the diameter of the second screw hole (12) is φ. 12 The second screw hole (12) has a depth of l3. The encapsulation shell (1) is fixed by connecting to the fixture through the second screw hole (12). The encapsulation shell (1) is loaded with an opening mass slider (4). The opening mass slider (4) slides freely without friction inside the encapsulation shell (1). The material of the encapsulation shell (1) meets the requirement that the encapsulation shell (1) will not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact. Four movable bolts (5) are respectively inserted into four first screw holes (11) for connecting the encapsulation shell (1) and the fixed disk (2). The material of the movable bolts (5) meets the requirement that the movable bolts (5) will not produce plastic deformation when subjected to external impact. The fixed disk (2) is used for encapsulating the right end face of the encapsulation housing (1), with a diameter equal to D1 and a thickness of t2; four screw through holes (21) are machined on the fixed disk (2); the two end faces of the fixed disk (2) are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis OO' of the encapsulation housing (1); the fixed disk (2) is connected and fixed to the right end face of the encapsulation housing (1) by inserting the movable bolt (5) into the first screw hole (11); the fixed disk (2) is made of the same material as the encapsulation housing (1); The open-hole mass slider (4) is disc-shaped; the relative displacement of the open-hole mass slider (4) before and after movement is used to characterize the shock wave acceleration. The outer diameter of the open-hole mass slider (4) is equal to d1. A through hole (41) is drilled in the center of the open-hole mass slider (4). The diameter of the through hole (41) is d2. The thickness of the open-hole mass slider (4) is t3. The two end faces of the open-hole mass slider (4) are parallel and perpendicular to the central axis of the encapsulation shell (1). The outer surface of the open-hole mass slider (4) is smooth. When there is no viscous liquid (3) in the encapsulation shell (1), the open-hole mass slider (4) slides freely without friction in the encapsulation shell (1). The mass slider (4) is made of metal. After the impact load is applied from the right end fixed disk (2) to the left end, the position of the open mass slider (4) moves to the left, that is, the distance between the open mass slider (4) and the left end face of the encapsulation shell (1) decreases. By using a vernier caliper, the distance between the open mass slider (4) and the fixed disk (2) before the impact load is x1, and the distance between the open mass slider (4) and the fixed disk (2) after the impact load is x2. The relative displacement of the open mass block (4) before and after sliding is Δx = x2 - x1, thus establishing the functional relationship between the shock wave acceleration and the relative displacement.

2. The shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The viscous liquid (3) is selected from polydimethylsiloxane or diethyl silicone oil, with a refractive index range of 1.390 to 1.410, colorless and transparent, non-toxic and odorless, with electrical insulation and heat resistance, and a freezing point of -59℃. It is suitable for long-term use in the temperature range of -50 to +200℃.

3. The shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The outer diameter D1 of the packaging shell (1) satisfies 0.01m < D1 < 0.5m, the wall thickness t1 satisfies 0.001m < t1 < 0.1m, the inner diameter d1 satisfies d1=D1-2t1, the length L1 satisfies 0.01m < L1 < 2m, the thickness t2 at the bottom of the left end of the packaging shell (1) satisfies 0.005m < t2 < 0.1m, the axial length of the inner space of the packaging shell (1) is l1 which satisfies l1=L1-t2; the distance between the center of the first screw hole (11) and the center of the end face of the packaging shell (1) is r1 which satisfies r1=(t1+d1) / 2, the diameter φ of the first screw hole (11) 11 satisfies 0.003m < φ 11 < t1, the depth l2 of the first screw hole (11) satisfies 0.005m < l2 < 0.1m; the distance r2 between the center of the second screw hole (12) and the center of the end face of the packaging shell (1) satisfies r2=r1, the diameter φ of the second screw hole (12) 12 satisfies 0.003m < φ 12 < t1, the depth l3 of the second screw hole (12) satisfies 0.002m < l3 < 0.5t2; the diameter of the threaded part of the movable bolt (5) is equal to φ 11 , the length of the threaded part of the movable bolt (5) is l4, which satisfies l4=l2+t2.

4. The shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The thickness t2 of said fixed disc (2) satisfies 0.005m<t2<0.1m; the distance from the center of the screw through hole (21) to the center O' of the right end face of the fixed disc (2) is equal to r1, and the diameter of the screw through hole (21) is equal to φ 11 .

5. A shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The diameter of the through hole (41) of the open-hole mass slider (4) is d2, where d2 satisfies 0.005m < d2 < 0.1m; the thickness t3 of the open-hole mass slider (4) satisfies 0.002m. <t3<0.1m。 6. The shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The material of the encapsulation shell (1) has a yield strength σ1 > 200 MPa and a density ρ1 > 1 g / cm³. 3 The material requirements for the movable bolt (5) are: yield strength σ5 > 200 MPa, density ρ5 > 1 g / cm³. 3 The metal material used for the hole quality slider (4) must meet the following requirements: yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa, density ρ4 > 2 g / cm³. 3 .

7. A method for measuring shock wave acceleration using a shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The first step is to prepare for shock wave acceleration measurement, and the method is as follows: Step 1.1 Install the fixed disc (2), the hole mass slider (4), and the encapsulation shell (1) coaxially; fill the remaining space inside the encapsulation shell (1) with viscous liquid (3); Step 1.2 Ensure that there is no leakage of the viscous liquid (3) inside the packaging shell (1); Step 1.3 Fix the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block as a whole on the bracket, and fix the lower end of the bracket to the ground or a heavy support; Step 1.4 Measure the distance x1 between the right end face of the hole mass slider (4) and the left end face of the fixed disk (2), that is, record the length of the distance between the right end face of the hole mass slider (4) and the left end face of the fixed disk (2); The second step is to measure the shock wave acceleration, the method is as follows: Step 2.1 When the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block is subjected to shock load, the viscous liquid (3) and the open mass block (4) obtain different velocities, and the viscous liquid (3) and the open mass block (4) move to the left at different velocities respectively; Step 2.2 Record the movement time of the hole-opening mass slider (4) as Δt; Step 2.3 After the impact load is applied, measure the distance x2 between the right end face of the hole mass slider (4) and the left end face of the fixed disk (2), and use a vernier caliper to read x2. Step 2.4 Calculate the axial displacement Δx generated by the hole mass slider (4), Δx = x2 - x1; Step 2.5 Calculate the shock wave acceleration a based on the displacement Δx and the motion time Δt: Thus, rapid passive quantitative measurement of shock wave acceleration is achieved; where m is the mass of the orifice mass slider (4); n is the shear flow index of the viscous liquid (3); k is the viscosity coefficient of the viscous liquid (3); A1, α, β are the material parameters of the orifice mass slider (4).

8. The method for measuring shock wave acceleration as described in claim 7, characterized in that... When fixing the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block onto the bracket as described in step 1.3, it is necessary to ensure that the shock wave field and the normal of the end face of the shock wave acceleration measurement sensor based on viscous liquid and mass block are on the same straight line.

9. The method for measuring shock wave acceleration as described in claim 7, characterized in that... 2.3 When using a vernier caliper to determine x2, it is necessary to ensure that the end face of the hole quality slider (4) is parallel to the left end face of the encapsulation housing (1).

10. The method for measuring shock wave acceleration as described in claim 7, characterized in that... In step 2.5, n is obtained by fitting the shear stress and shear rate curves of the viscous liquid (3), and k is obtained by rheometer testing; when the material used to prepare the open-hole mass slider (4) has a yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa and a density ρ4 > 2 g / cm³, the yield strength σ4 > 200 MPa is obtained. 3 When, A1=0.1069, α=0.6917, β=-0.2751.

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