A low-temperature ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection

Abstract

The application provides a low-temperature ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous pellet injection, mainly comprising a gas supply system, a heater, a vacuum cavity, a cooling pipeline, a cold shield, a receiving chamber, a cold conducting block, a cold conducting belt, a refrigerator, an extruder, a vacuum air extraction system, three refrigerators and the extruder are fixed on the vacuum cavity, the cold shield is fixed on a first cold head of the refrigerator, the cooling pipeline is sequentially wound on the cold shield and the cold heads of the two refrigerators in the vacuum cavity, the extruder is communicated with the cooling pipeline, the refrigerator transmits cold energy to the extruder through the cold conducting belt and the cold conducting block, the receiving chamber is arranged below the extruder, and the receiving chamber is communicated with the vacuum air extraction system. After the ice column material gas passes through the cooling pipeline, the ice column material gas enters the extruder and is finally extruded by the extruder in the form of solid ice column. The ice column prepared by the application can be changed into frozen pellets after treatment, is used for continuous feeding of long-pulse operation of a nuclear fusion device, and realizes steady-state plasma density control and high-density operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion frozen projectile injection, and more specifically to a cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection. Background Technology

[0002] Tokamak fusion devices continuously emit particles during operation. To increase or maintain plasma density, effective fuel feeding methods are needed to add fuel to the high-temperature plasma, thereby achieving stable high-density plasma operation. Cryogenic pellet injection, due to its high particle injection depth, allows fuel particles to deposit into the plasma core, resulting in high feeding efficiency. Therefore, it has become an important feeding method for achieving high-density operation and control in future fusion reactors such as ITER. Its basic principle is to use cryogenic technology to prepare solid ice pellets from working gases such as hydrogen isotopes, accelerate them, and then inject them at high speed into the plasma to fuel the fusion device. To achieve stable maintenance and density control of the high-density plasma in the fusion device, cryogenic pellets need to be continuously injected into the plasma. Currently, the main methods for preparing cryogenic pellets are in-situ condensation and extrusion cutting. When preparing frozen projectiles via in-situ condensation, the number of projectiles prepared each time is extremely small, making long-term continuous injection impossible. However, when preparing frozen projectiles via extrusion cutting, multiple projectiles can be prepared continuously each time, and long-term continuous injection is possible. Therefore, extrusion cutting is the preferred method for long-pulse continuous frozen projectile injection. When preparing projectiles using extrusion cutting, continuous ice columns must first be prepared. Currently, the preparation of continuous ice columns mainly involves continuously cooling the ice column material gas by directly injecting cooling media such as liquid helium into the cooling circuit. This results in the consumption of a large amount of cooling media for each ice column preparation, making the operating cost of the device very high. To reduce the operating cost of continuous cryogenic ice column preparation and improve the economics of continuous projectile injection, there is an urgent need to develop a new continuous cryogenic ice column preparation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To reduce the operating costs of continuous injection of frozen pellets in nuclear fusion devices, this invention provides a cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous pellet injection. The device mainly includes a gas supply system, a heater, a vacuum chamber, cooling pipes, a cold shield, a receiving chamber, a cooling block, a cooling belt, refrigerators, an extruder, and a vacuum pumping system. Three refrigerators and the extruder are fixed to the vacuum chamber. The cold shield is fixed to the first-stage cold head of the refrigerators. The cooling pipes are sequentially wound around the cold shield and the cold heads of the two refrigerators within the vacuum chamber. The extruder is connected to the cooling pipes. The refrigerators transfer cold energy to the extruder through the cooling belt and cooling block. A receiving chamber is located below the extruder and is evacuated by the vacuum pumping system. The gaseous ice column material passes through the cooling pipes and enters the extruder, ultimately being extruded as a solid ice column. The ice columns prepared by this invention can be processed into frozen pellets for continuous feeding during long-pulse operation of nuclear fusion devices, achieving steady-state plasma density control and high-density operation.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection includes a gas supply system, a heater, a vacuum chamber, cooling pipes, a cold shield, a receiving chamber, a cooling block, a cooling belt, a first refrigerator, a second refrigerator, a third refrigerator, an extruder, and a vacuum pumping system. The first, second, and third refrigerators are fixed to the top flange of the vacuum chamber to provide cooling to the cooling pipes. The cooling pipes pass through the vacuum chamber, are wound around the cold shield inside the vacuum chamber, and then pass through the cold shield and are sequentially wound around the first, second, third, and fourth cold heads of the third and second refrigerators, finally connecting to the extruder. The cold shield is fixed to the fifth, second, and first cold heads of the first, second, and third refrigerators, respectively, and is in contact with the extruder. The cooling block is fitted over the extruder and connected to the sixth cold head via the cooling belt.

[0006] Furthermore, the first, second, and third refrigeration units all contain primary and secondary cold heads, with cold heads No. 1, No. 2, and No. 5 being primary cold heads, and cold heads No. 3, No. 4, and No. 6 being secondary cold heads.

[0007] Furthermore, the heights of the connection points between the No. 3 and No. 4 cold heads, the cooling pipes, and the extruder decrease sequentially; the height of the No. 3 cold head is higher than that of the No. 4 cold head, and the height of the No. 4 cold head is higher than the connection point between the cooling pipes and the extruder.

[0008] Furthermore, heaters are installed on the No. 2, No. 3, No. 4 cold heads and the extruder respectively; when the temperature at each location is lower than the set temperature, the heaters start working to heat the corresponding parts; when the temperature at each location is higher than the set temperature, the heaters stop working.

[0009] Furthermore, the receiving chamber is fixed below the extruder and is evacuated by a vacuum pumping system.

[0010] Beneficial effects:

[0011] This invention uses a refrigerator as the cold source directly when preparing continuous low-temperature ice columns, avoiding the large consumption of cooling media such as liquid helium, making it convenient and easy to use. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection according to the present invention.

[0013] Among them: 1-Gas supply system, 2-Cold head No. 1, 3-Cold head No. 3, 4-Heater, 5-Vacuum chamber, 6-Cooling pipe, 7-Cold screen, 8-Cold head No. 4, 9-Vacuum pumping system, 10-Ice column, 11-Receiving chamber, 12-Cooling block, 13-Cooling belt, 14-Cold head No. 6, 15-Cold head No. 2, 16-Cold head No. 5, 17-First refrigerator, 18-Extruder, 19-Second refrigerator, 20-Third refrigerator. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, a cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection according to the present invention includes a gas supply system 1, a heater 4, a vacuum chamber 5, a cooling pipeline 6, a cold shield 7, a vacuum pumping system 9, a receiving chamber 11, a cooling block 12, a cooling belt 13, a first refrigerator 17, a second refrigerator 19, a third refrigerator 20, and an extruder 18. The first refrigeration unit 17, the second refrigeration unit 19, and the third refrigeration unit 20 are fixed on the top flange of the vacuum chamber 5; the cooling pipe 6 passes through the vacuum chamber 5, is wound around the cold shield 7 inside the vacuum chamber 5, and then passes through the cold shield 7 and is wound sequentially around the first cold head 2, the second cold head 15, the third cold head 3, and the fourth cold head 8 of the second refrigeration unit 19 and the third refrigeration unit 20, and finally connects to the extruder 18; the cold shield 7 is fixed on the fifth cold head 16, the second cold head 15, and the first cold head 2 of the first refrigeration unit 17, the second refrigeration unit 19, and the third refrigeration unit 20, and is in contact with the extruder 18; the cooling block 12 is fitted over the extruder 18 and is connected to the sixth cold head 14 through the cooling strip 13.

[0016] The first refrigeration unit 17, the second refrigeration unit 19, and the third refrigeration unit 20 all contain primary and secondary cold heads. Among them, the first cold head 2, the second cold head 15, and the fifth cold head 16 are primary cold heads, while the third cold head 3, the fourth cold head 8, and the sixth cold head 14 are secondary cold heads.

[0017] Heaters 4 are installed on the No. 2 cold head 15, the No. 3 cold head 3, the No. 4 cold head 8, and the extruder 18 respectively. When the temperature at each location is lower than the set temperature, the heater 4 starts to work and heats the corresponding part. When the temperature at each location is higher than the set temperature, the heater 4 stops working.

[0018] The receiving chamber 11 is fixed below the extruder 18 and is evacuated by the vacuum pumping system 9. The receiving chamber 11 is used to receive the ice columns 10.

[0019] When the cryogenic icicle preparation device of the present invention, which is suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection, is working, the gas supply system 1 sends the icicle material gas into the cooling pipe 6. The icicle material gas is cooled in the cooling pipe 6 and flows into the extruder in the form of liquid. It becomes solid in the extruder 18. Under the action of the extruder 18, the icicle material is extruded from the extruder 18 in the form of solid icicle.

[0020] The vacuum chamber 5 is evacuated by the vacuum pumping system 9 to provide a vacuum insulation environment for the components inside the vacuum chamber 5.

[0021] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection, characterized in that: The system includes a gas supply system, heater, vacuum chamber, cooling pipes, cold shield, receiving chamber, cooling block, cooling belt, first refrigerator, second refrigerator, third refrigerator, extruder, and vacuum pumping system. The first, second, and third refrigerators are fixed to the top flange of the vacuum chamber to provide cooling to the cooling pipes. The cooling pipes pass through the vacuum chamber, are wound around the cold shield inside the vacuum chamber, and then pass through the cold shield and are wound sequentially around the first, second, third, and fourth cold heads of the third and second refrigerators, finally connecting to the extruder. The cold shields are fixed to the fifth, second, and first cold heads of the first, second, and third refrigerators, respectively, and are in contact with the extruder. The cooling block is fitted over the extruder and connected to the sixth cold head via the cooling belt. The first and second cold heads belong to the third and fourth refrigerators, respectively, while the fifth and sixth cold heads belong to the first refrigerator. The cold shield is fixed on the first-stage cold head of the refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit transfers the cold energy to the extruder through the cooling belt and cooling block. A receiving chamber is installed below the extruder, and the receiving chamber is evacuated by a vacuum pumping system. The gas of the ice column material enters the extruder after passing through the cooling pipes, and is finally extruded by the extruder in the form of solid ice columns. Heaters are installed on the No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 cold heads and the extruder. When the temperature at any point is lower than the set temperature, the heaters start working and heat the corresponding parts. When the temperature at any point is higher than the set temperature, the heaters stop working.

2. The cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first, second, and third refrigeration units all contain primary and secondary cold heads. Cold heads No. 1, No. 2, and No. 5 are primary cold heads, while cold heads No. 3, No. 4, and No. 6 are secondary cold heads.

3. The cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The heights of the No. 3 and No. 4 cold heads, the connection points of the cooling pipes and the extruder decrease sequentially; the height of the No. 3 cold head is higher than that of the No. 4 cold head, and the height of the No. 4 cold head is higher than the connection point of the cooling pipes and the extruder.

4. The cryogenic ice column preparation device suitable for long-pulse continuous projectile injection as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving chamber is fixed below the extruder and is evacuated by a vacuum pumping system.

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