An elevator roof-bumping prevention structure and a roof-bumping prevention method

Abstract

The application discloses an elevator anti-collision structure and an anti-collision method, which respectively comprise a shaft frame and a cage frame, the inner wall of the shaft frame is provided with two groups of symmetrical guide rails which are symmetrically arranged and are in sliding connection with the cage frame, the two side surfaces of the shaft frame are fixedly provided with anti-collision components, the top surface of the shaft frame is respectively provided with an electric control module, a buffer mechanism, a laser ranging probe and a speed sensor which are arranged opposite to the cage frame, the anti-collision component comprises a counterweight frame, two symmetrical winding rollers which are in rotary connection with the shaft frame and a buffer bag which is fixed to the surface of the shaft frame and is arranged opposite to the cage frame, the surface of the buffer bag is communicated with a gas connection pipe, the inside of the buffer bag is provided with a gas pressure probe a, and the opposite surfaces of the two winding rollers are wound with a blocking rope. Through the arrangement of the dynamic counterweight assembly, the buffer mechanism, the laser ranging probe and the speed sensor, the device can intelligently adjust the counterweight weight of the counterweight frame and the protection strength of the bag column according to the collision speed of the cage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of elevator engineering technology, and more specifically, to an elevator anti-collision structure and method. Background Technology

[0002] An elevator is a permanent transportation device that serves several specific floors within a building. Its car moves on at least two rigid tracks that are perpendicular to the horizontal plane or have an angle of inclination of less than 15° to the vertical. If an elevator malfunctions during operation, it may cause the elevator to stop moving, or even fall or overshoot the ceiling, posing a threat to the lives of passengers.

[0003] In the prior art, patent document CN218754361U discloses an elevator car anti-overrun device, including a guide rail frame one, a guide rail frame two, an L-shaped frame plate, a car, and a connecting seat. The top ends of the guide rail frame one and guide rail frame two are respectively equipped with limiters one and two. In this device, through the setting of limiters one and buffer one, during the car's overrun, limiters one and buffer one first come into contact, thereby weakening the overall speed and impact force of the car. During the weakening process, the three-tooth slide enters the speed-limiting groove, intercepting the car again, thus effectively preventing the car from overrunning. However, when the above device is working, on the one hand, it is inconvenient to intelligently adjust the protection strength of the anti-overrun mechanism and adjust the jerk and impact degree of the car during anti-overrun based on the car's overrun speed; on the other hand, it is inconvenient to simultaneously achieve anti-overrun and anti-fall of the car. Based on this, the present invention provides an elevator anti-overrun structure to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an elevator anti-collision structure and method. This invention, through the setting of dynamic counterweight components, buffer mechanism, laser rangefinder probe and speed sensor, enables the device to intelligently adjust the counterweight weight of the counterweight frame and the protective strength of the sump column according to the collision speed of the car.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an elevator anti-collision structure, the technical solution of which includes a hoist frame and a car frame, wherein the inner wall of the hoist frame is equipped with two sets of symmetrically arranged guide rails that are slidably connected to the car frame, and anti-collision components are fixedly installed on both sides of the hoist frame, and an electrical control module, a buffer mechanism, and a laser ranging probe and a speed sensor positioned opposite the car frame are respectively installed on the top surface of the hoist frame; The anti-overrun components include a counterweight frame, two symmetrically arranged rollers rotatably connected to the derrick, and a pressure-reducing bladder fixed to the derrick surface and positioned relative to the car frame. The surface of the pressure-reducing bladder is connected to an air pipe, and a pressure probe a is installed inside the pressure-reducing bladder. A restraining cable is wound between the opposing surfaces of the two rollers, and a transmission module connected to the counterweight frame is installed at the tail of each of the two rollers. A dynamic counterweight assembly and a set of linked air blowers are respectively installed between the opposing surfaces of the counterweight frame and the derrick. The top of each set of linked air blowers is fixedly connected to the air pipe. Anti-sudden descent mechanisms are installed on the top surface of the car frame, corresponding to the positions of the two arresting cables.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the electrical control module includes an electrical control box fixed to the top of the derrick. The electrical control box contains a battery and a microcontroller. The data terminals of the laser rangefinder, speed sensor, and air pressure probe a are all electrically connected to the microcontroller.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the buffer mechanism includes an air pump fixed to the top of the derrick and a set of bladder columns fixed to the inner wall of the derrick. Each bladder column has an air chamber inside, and the air chamber is filled with gas. The port of the air pump is fixedly connected to a pressure control pipe. The top of each air chamber is fixedly connected to the pressure control pipe. A pressure sensor b, which is electrically connected to a single-chip microcomputer, is fixedly installed inside the pressure control pipe.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the transmission module includes a transmission gear fixed to the tail end of the roller, a driven gear rotatably connected to the inner wall of the derrick, and a driven plate fixed to the top of the counterweight frame. The peripheral side of the transmission gear is connected to the driven gear. The two sides of the driven plate are respectively provided with toothed portions a and b. The peripheral side of the driven gear is connected to toothed portion a. The inner wall of the derrick is hinged with a hinge shaft a. A torsion spring a is fixedly provided at the hinge point between the hinge shaft a and the derrick. A one-way locking pawl a is fixedly installed on the peripheral side of the hinge shaft a. The surface of the one-way locking pawl a cooperates with the toothed portion b. An electromagnetic plate a that cooperates with the one-way locking pawl a is fixedly installed on the surface of the derrick.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the radius of the driven gear is 5 to 10 times the radius of the transmission gear, the surfaces of the toothed parts a and b are evenly distributed with teeth, and the movable direction of the counterweight frame is perpendicular to the axis of the roller.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the dynamic counterweight assembly includes a counterweight box and a liquid storage tank fixed to the top surface of the derrick. A pump body is installed on the bottom surface of the liquid storage tank. The electronic control terminal of the pump body is electrically connected to a microcontroller. A corrugated pipe is fixedly connected between the pump body and the opposite surface of the counterweight box. A set of pressure sensors electrically connected to the microcontroller is installed between the counterweight box and the opposite surface of the counterweight frame.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the linkage air-blowing component includes a sleeve fixed to the surface of the derrick and a piston seat slidably connected to the inner wall of the sleeve. A piston rod is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the piston seat, and the bottom end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the counterweight frame. A compression spring a is sleeved on the circumferential side of the piston rod at a position corresponding to the outer side of the sleeve. An air-blowing chamber communicating with the air-connecting pipe is fixedly provided inside the sleeve at a position corresponding to the top of the piston seat.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the anti-steep descent mechanism includes a pressure plate positioned directly below the arresting cable and two symmetrically arranged locking clamps. A set of guide rods is mounted on the bottom surface of the pressure plate, and the periphery of each guide rod is slidably connected to the car frame. A compression spring b is sleeved on the periphery of the guide rod at a position corresponding to the bottom of the car frame. Guide tooth plates are fixedly mounted on both sides of the pressure plate. The inner walls of the two locking clamps are hinged to the car frame via hinge pins b. A one-way gear is fixedly mounted in the middle of the hinge pin b. A one-way locking pawl b that cooperates with the one-way gear is hinged to the surface of the car frame. A torsion spring b is fixedly mounted at the hinge point between the one-way locking pawl b and the car frame. An electromagnetic plate b that cooperates with the one-way locking pawl b is fixedly mounted on the surface of the car frame.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the locking clamp has an inverted L-shaped structure, the one-way locking claw a and one-way locking claw b are both made of iron, the electromagnetic plate a and electromagnetic plate b are both electromagnets, and the cross-section of the guide rod is inverted T-shaped.

[0016] This invention provides a method for preventing elevator over-impact structures, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Before the elevator anti-collision structure is put into operation, the liquid storage tank is filled with sufficient counterweight liquid, the counterweight box is filled with counterweight liquid of one-quarter of the counterweight weight, the bladder column is filled with one-third of the gas, the gas inside the pressure relief bladder is fully emptied, the elevator car is installed on the bottom surface of the car frame, and the car frame is connected to the elevator traction equipment pre-installed on the hoist. Before operation, the microcontroller presets the first anti-collision speed range and the second anti-collision speed range of the speed sensor. Within the first anti-collision speed range, there is a specific counterweight weight of the counterweight box and a specific gas filling degree inside the bladder column. Within the second anti-collision speed range, there is a specific counterweight weight of the counterweight box and a specific gas filling degree inside the bladder column. Step Two: Anti-overrush. During the anti-overrush operation, the laser rangefinder probe measures the relative vertical distance between the derrick and the car frame in real time. When the laser rangefinder probe detects that the relative vertical distance between the car frame and the derrick is lower than a set threshold, the speed sensor operates and monitors the upward speed of the car frame in real time. When the microcontroller detects that the upward speed of the car frame reaches the first anti-overrush speed range, a specific counterweight is filled into the counterweight box, and the air pump quantitatively inflates the bladder column. When the microcontroller detects that the upward speed of the car frame reaches the first anti-overrush speed range, a specific counterweight is added to the counterweight box, and the air pump quantitatively inflates the bladder column. When the upward speed of the car frame reaches the second anti-impact speed range, the counterweight box is filled with a specific counterweight weight matching the second anti-impact speed range. The air pump quantitatively inflates the inside of the bladder column. When the car frame is upward, it is blocked by the arresting cable. After the pressure plate is pressured by the arresting cable, the two locking clamps are locked between the two locking clamps by the arresting cable, thereby preventing the car frame from falling rapidly after the impact. During the upward movement of the car frame, the linkage air blower is activated and blows air into the pressure relief bladder, thereby providing multi-effect buffer protection for the car frame.

[0017] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an elevator anti-collision structure and method, which has the following beneficial effects. 1. By incorporating a dynamic counterweight assembly, a buffer mechanism, a laser rangefinder, and a speed sensor, this invention enables the device to intelligently adjust the counterweight weight of the counterweight frame and the protective strength of the bladder column based on the car's overrun speed. Through the realization of the aforementioned intelligent adjustment effect, the safety of this anti-overrun structure is effectively improved, and the jerking and impact of the car during the anti-overrun protection process are reduced.

[0019] 2. By setting up a one-way locking claw a and an anti-slope component, the present invention enables the device to simultaneously achieve the functions of anti-overrush and anti-slope after overrush protection during operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an elevator anti-collision structure according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve and capsule structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point A; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point B; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point C in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure relief bladder and connecting tube of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point D; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid storage tank and pump body of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Derrick; 2. Car frame; 3. Guide rail; 4. Counterweight frame; 5. Roller; 6. Pressure relief bladder; 7. Connecting pipe; 8. Pressure probe a; 9. Arresting cable; 10. Electrical control box; 11. Laser rangefinder probe; 12. Speed ​​sensor; 13. Air pump; 14. Bladder column; 15. Pressure control pipe; 16. Pressure sensor b; 17. Transmission gear; 18. Driven gear; 19. Driven plate; 20. Tooth section a; 21. Toothed part b; 22. One-way locking claw a; 23. Electromagnetic plate a; 24. Counterweight box; 25. Liquid storage tank; 26. Pump body; 27. Pressure sensor; 28. Sleeve; 29. ​​Piston rod; 30. Anti-compression spring a; 31. Pressure plate; 32. Locking clamp; 33. Guide rod; 34. Anti-compression spring b; 35. Guide tooth plate; 36. One-way gear; 37. One-way locking claw b; 38. Electromagnetic plate b. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described and illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings: Please see Figure 1-8 The present invention is an elevator anti-collision structure, the technical solution of which includes a hoist frame 1 and a car frame 2, and two sets of symmetrically arranged guide rails 3 that are slidably connected to the car frame 2 are installed on the inner wall of the hoist frame 1. Anti-collision components are fixedly installed on both sides of the derrick 1; The anti-overrun components include a counterweight frame 4, two symmetrically arranged and rotatably connected rollers 5 to the derrick 1, and a pressure relief bladder 6 fixed to the surface of the derrick 1 and arranged relative to the car frame 2. The surface of the pressure relief bladder 6 is connected to an air pipe 7. The movable direction of the counterweight frame 4 is perpendicular to the axis of the roller 5; The pressure relief bladder 6 is equipped with a pressure probe a8, and a restraining cable 9 is wound between the opposing surfaces of the two rollers 5. The tail ends of the two rollers 5 are equipped with a transmission module that is connected to the counterweight frame 4. The transmission module includes a transmission gear 17 fixed to the tail end of the roller 5, a driven gear 18 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the derrick 1, and a driven plate 19 fixed to the top of the counterweight frame 4. The peripheral side of the transmission gear 17 is connected to the driven gear 18 in a transmission connection. The radius of the driven gear 18 is 8 times the radius of the transmission gear 17; By setting the radius difference between the driven gear 18 and the transmission gear 17, the ratio of the number of rotations of the roller 5 to the displacement stroke of the counterweight frame 4 is reduced. The movable plate 19 is provided with toothed portions a20 and b21 on its two sides respectively; The surfaces of both toothed portion a20 and toothed portion b21 are evenly distributed with teeth; The driven gear 18 is connected to the toothed part a20 for transmission. The inner wall of the derrick 1 is hinged to a hinge shaft a. A torsion spring a is fixedly installed at the hinge joint between the hinge shaft a and the derrick 1. A one-way locking pawl a22 is fixedly installed on the peripheral side of the hinge shaft a. The surface of the one-way locking pawl a22 cooperates with the toothed part b21. An electromagnetic plate a23 that cooperates with the one-way locking pawl a22 is fixedly installed on the surface of the derrick 1. By setting the torsion spring a, the one-way locking claw a22 tends to move closer to the toothed part b21, thereby allowing the electromagnetic plate a23 to move upward in one direction only when it is not energized; When it is necessary to make the one-way locking claw a22 lose its one-way movement locking function against the counterweight frame 4, the electromagnetic plate a23 is energized and magnetically attracted to the one-way locking claw a22, thereby causing the one-way locking claw a22 to lose its one-way braking effect on the tooth part b21. A dynamic counterweight assembly and a set of linked air blowers are respectively installed between the opposing surfaces of the counterweight frame 4 and the derrick 1. The top of the set of linked air blowers is fixedly connected to the air pipe 7. The dynamic counterweight assembly includes a counterweight box 24 and a liquid storage tank 25 fixed to the top surface of the derrick 1. A pump body 26 is installed on the bottom surface of the liquid storage tank 25. A corrugated pipe is fixedly connected between the pump body 26 and the opposite surface of the counterweight box 24. A set of pressure sensors 27 electrically connected to a single-chip microcomputer is installed between the counterweight box 24 and the opposite surface of the counterweight frame 4. By setting pressure sensor 27, the counterweight pressure of the counterweight liquid inside counterweight box 24 can be monitored in real time. The linkage air-blowing component includes a sleeve 28 fixed to the surface of the derrick 1 and a piston seat slidably connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 28. A piston rod 29 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the piston seat. The bottom end of the piston rod 29 is fixedly connected to the counterweight frame 4. A compression spring a30 is sleeved on the circumferential side of the piston rod 29 and at the position corresponding to the outer side of the sleeve 28. An air-blowing chamber communicating with the air-connecting pipe 7 is fixedly provided inside the sleeve 28 and at the position corresponding to the upper part of the piston seat. The top surface of the derrick 1 is equipped with an electronic control module, a buffer mechanism, and a laser rangefinder 11 and a speed sensor 12 positioned opposite the car frame 2. The electrical control module includes an electrical control box 10 fixed to the top of the derrick 1. The electrical control box 10 contains a battery and a microcontroller. The data terminals of the laser rangefinder 11, the speed sensor 12 and the air pressure probe a8 are all electrically connected to the microcontroller. The electrical control terminal of the pump body 26 is also electrically connected to the microcontroller. The buffer mechanism includes an air pump 13 fixed to the top of the derrick 1 and a set of bladder columns 14 fixed to the inner wall of the derrick 1. Each bladder column 14 has an air chamber inside, which is filled with gas. The port of the air pump 13 is fixedly connected to a pressure control pipe 15. The top of each air chamber is fixedly connected to the pressure control pipe 15. A pressure sensor b16 electrically connected to a single-chip microcomputer is fixedly installed inside the pressure control pipe 15. By setting the air pressure sensor b16, the air pressure inside the capsule 14 can be monitored in real time; Anti-sudden descent mechanisms are installed on the top surface of the car frame 2 and at the positions corresponding to the two arresting cables 9.

[0023] The anti-slope mechanism includes a pressure plate 31 located directly below the arresting cable 9 and two symmetrically arranged locking clamps 32, which have an inverted L-shaped structure. The axes of symmetry of the two locking clamps 32 lie on the plane containing the center line of the pressing plate 31; A set of guide rods 33 are installed on the bottom surface of the pressure plate 31. The peripheral side of each guide rod 33 is slidably connected to the car frame 2. The cross-section of the guide rod 33 is inverted T-shaped. A compression spring b34 is fitted on the circumferential side of the guide rod 33 and at the position corresponding to the lower part of the car frame 2; Guide tooth plates 35 are fixedly installed on both sides of the pressure plate 31. The inner walls of the two locking clamps 32 are hinged to the car frame 2 through the hinge shaft b. A one-way gear 36 is fixedly installed in the middle of the hinge shaft b. A one-way locking claw b37 that cooperates with the one-way gear 36 is hinged to the surface of the car frame 2. A torsion spring b is fixedly installed at the hinge point between the one-way locking claw b37 and the car frame 2. An electromagnetic plate b38 that cooperates with the one-way locking claw b37 is fixedly installed on the surface of the car frame 2.

[0024] Both one-way locking claws a22 and b37 are made of iron, while both electromagnetic plates a23 and b38 are electromagnets.

[0025] When the car frame 2 is in normal working condition, the electromagnetic plate b38 is in a non-energized state. After the electromagnetic plate b38 is de-energized, the torsion spring b causes the one-way locking pawl b37 to tend to move closer to the hinge shaft b, so that the one-way gear 36 can only rotate in one direction. By limiting the unidirectional movement direction of the one-way gear 36, the two locking clamps 32 can effectively lock the arresting cable 9 between the two locking clamps 32 after the pressing plate 31 is pressed. When it is necessary to remove the braking effect of the one-way locking pawl b37 on the one-way gear 36, the electromagnetic plate b38 is energized. Working principle: Before the elevator anti-collision structure is in operation, the liquid storage tank 25 is filled with sufficient counterweight liquid, the counterweight box 24 is filled with one-quarter of the counterweight liquid, the bladder column 14 is filled with one-third of the gas, the gas inside the pressure relief bladder 6 is fully emptied, the elevator car is installed on the bottom surface of the car frame 2, the car frame 2 is connected to the elevator traction equipment pre-installed on the hoist frame 1, and before operation, the microcontroller presets the first anti-collision speed range and the second anti-collision speed range of the speed sensor 12. Within the first anti-collision speed range, there is a specific counterweight weight of the counterweight box 24 and a specific gas filling degree inside the bladder column 14. Within the second anti-collision speed range, there is a specific counterweight weight of the counterweight box 24 and a specific gas filling degree inside the bladder column 14. During the anti-overrush operation, the laser rangefinder 11 measures the relative vertical distance between the derrick 1 and the car frame 2 in real time. When the laser rangefinder 11 detects that the relative vertical distance between the car frame 2 and the derrick 1 is lower than a set threshold, the speed sensor 12 operates and monitors the upward speed of the car frame 2 in real time. When the microcontroller detects that the upward speed of the car frame 2 reaches the first anti-overrush speed range, a specific counterweight is added to the counterweight box 24, and the air pump 13 quantitatively inflates the bladder column 14. When the microcontroller detects that the upward speed of the car frame 2 has reached the first anti-overrush speed range, a specific counterweight is added to the counterweight box 24, and the air pump 13 quantitatively inflates the bladder column 14. When the speed reaches the second anti-impact speed range, the counterweight box 24 is filled with a specific counterweight weight matching the second anti-impact speed range. The air pump 13 quantitatively inflates the inside of the bladder column 14. When the car frame 2 rushes upward, the car frame 2 is blocked by the arresting cable 9. After the pressure plate 31 is subjected to the pressure of the arresting cable 9, the two locking clamps 32 are locked between the two locking clamps 32 by the arresting cable 9, thereby preventing the car frame 2 from falling rapidly after the impact. During the upward rush of the car frame 2, the linkage air blower is activated and blows air into the pressure relief bladder 6, thereby providing multi-effect buffer protection for the car frame 2.

[0026] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An elevator roof-bump-prevention structure comprising a hoistway frame (1) and a car frame (2) respectively, characterized in that: The inner wall of the derrick (1) is equipped with two sets of symmetrically arranged guide rails (3) that are slidably connected to the car frame (2). Anti-collision components are fixedly installed on both sides of the derrick (1). The top surface of the derrick (1) is respectively equipped with an electronic control module, a buffer mechanism, a laser rangefinder (11) and a speed sensor (12) facing the car frame (2). The anti-overhead components include a counterweight frame (4), two symmetrically arranged rollers (5) rotatably connected to the derrick (1), and a pressure relief bladder (6) fixed to the surface of the derrick (1) and arranged relative to the car frame (2). The surface of the pressure relief bladder (6) is connected to an air pipe (7). An air pressure probe a (8) is installed inside the pressure relief bladder (6). A blocking cable (9) is wound between the relative surfaces of the two rollers (5). A transmission module connected to the counterweight frame (4) is installed at the tail of each of the two rollers (5). A dynamic counterweight assembly and a set of linked air blowers are installed between the relative surfaces of the counterweight frame (4) and the derrick (1). The top of each set of linked air blowers is fixedly connected to the air pipe (7). Anti-sudden descent mechanisms are installed on the top surface of the car frame (2) and at the positions corresponding to the two arresting cables (9); The electrical control module includes an electrical control box (10) fixed on the top of the derrick (1). The electrical control box (10) contains a battery and a microcontroller. The data terminals of the laser ranging probe (11), the speed sensor (12), and the air pressure probe a (8) are all electrically connected to the microcontroller. The buffer mechanism includes an air pump (13) fixed to the top of the derrick (1) and a set of bladder columns (14) fixed to the inner wall of the derrick (1). Each bladder column (14) has an air chamber inside, which is filled with gas. The port of the air pump (13) is fixedly connected to a pressure control pipe (15). The top of each air chamber is fixedly connected to the pressure control pipe (15). A pressure sensor b (16) electrically connected to a single-chip microcomputer is fixedly installed inside the pressure control pipe (15). The transmission module includes a transmission gear (17) fixed to the tail end of the roller (5), a driven gear (18) rotatably connected to the inner wall of the derrick (1), and a driven plate (19) fixed to the top of the counterweight frame (4). The peripheral side of the transmission gear (17) is connected to the driven gear (18). The two sides of the driven plate (19) are respectively provided with toothed parts a (20) and toothed parts b (21). The peripheral side of the driven gear (18) is connected to toothed parts a (20). The inner wall of the derrick (1) is hinged with a hinge shaft a. A torsion spring a is fixedly provided at the hinge joint between the hinge shaft a and the derrick (1). A one-way locking claw a (22) is fixedly installed on the peripheral side of the hinge shaft a. The surface of the one-way locking claw a (22) cooperates with the toothed parts b (21). An electromagnetic plate a (23) that cooperates with the one-way locking claw a (22) is fixedly installed on the surface of the derrick (1). The dynamic counterweight assembly includes a counterweight box (24) and a liquid storage tank (25) fixed to the top surface of the derrick (1). A pump body (26) is installed on the bottom surface of the liquid storage tank (25). The electrical control terminal of the pump body (26) is electrically connected to a single-chip microcomputer. A corrugated pipe is fixedly connected between the pump body (26) and the opposite surface of the counterweight box (24). A set of pressure sensors (27) electrically connected to a single-chip microcomputer is installed between the opposite surface of the counterweight box (24) and the counterweight frame (4). The linkage air-blowing component includes a sleeve (28) fixed to the surface of the derrick (1) and a piston seat slidably connected to the inner wall of the sleeve (28). A piston rod (29) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the piston seat. The bottom end of the piston rod (29) is fixedly connected to the counterweight frame (4). A compression spring a (30) is sleeved on the circumferential side of the piston rod (29) and at the position corresponding to the outer side of the sleeve (28). An air-blowing chamber communicating with the air-connecting pipe (7) is fixedly provided inside the sleeve (28) and at the position corresponding to the upper part of the piston seat. The anti-sudden descent mechanism includes a pressure plate (31) located directly below the arresting cable (9) and two symmetrically arranged locking clamps (32). A set of guide rods (33) is installed on the bottom surface of the pressure plate (31). The peripheral side of each guide rod (33) is slidably connected to the car frame (2). A compression spring b (34) is sleeved on the peripheral side of the guide rod (33) and at the position corresponding to the lower part of the car frame (2). Guide teeth are fixedly installed on both sides of the pressure plate (31). The inner walls of the plate (35) and the two locking clamps (32) are hinged to the car frame (2) through the hinge shaft b. A one-way gear (36) is fixedly installed in the middle of the hinge shaft b. A one-way locking claw b (37) that cooperates with the one-way gear (36) is hinged to the surface of the car frame (2). A torsion spring b is fixedly installed at the hinge of the one-way locking claw b (37) and the car frame (2). An electromagnetic plate b (38) that cooperates with the one-way locking claw b (37) is fixedly installed on the surface of the car frame (2).

2. The elevator anti-collision structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the driven gear (18) is 5 to 10 times the radius of the transmission gear (17). The surfaces of the toothed parts a (20) and b (21) are evenly distributed with teeth. The movable direction of the counterweight frame (4) is perpendicular to the axis of the roller (5).

3. The elevator anti-collision structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The locking clamp (32) has an inverted L-shaped structure. The one-way locking claw a (22) and one-way locking claw b (37) are both made of iron. The electromagnetic plate a (23) and electromagnetic plate b (38) are both electromagnets. The cross-section of the guide rod (33) is inverted T-shaped.

4. The method for preventing elevator collisions according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Before the elevator anti-collision structure is put into operation, the liquid storage tank (25) is filled with a sufficient amount of counterweight liquid, the counterweight box (24) is filled with a quarter of the counterweight liquid, the bladder column (14) is filled with a third of the gas, the gas inside the pressure relief bladder (6) is fully emptied, the elevator car is installed on the bottom surface of the car frame (2), the car frame (2) is connected to the elevator traction equipment pre-installed on the hoist frame (1), and before operation, the microcontroller presets the first anti-collision speed range and the second anti-collision speed range of the speed sensor (12). Within the first anti-collision speed range, there is a specific counterweight of the counterweight box (24) and a specific gas filling degree inside the bladder column (14). Within the second anti-collision speed range, there is a specific counterweight of the counterweight box (24) and a specific gas filling degree inside the bladder column (14). Step 2, Anti-overrush operation: During the anti-overrush operation, the laser rangefinder (11) measures the relative vertical distance between the derrick (1) and the car frame (2) in real time. When the laser rangefinder (11) detects that the relative vertical distance between the car frame (2) and the derrick (1) is lower than the set threshold, the speed sensor (12) operates and monitors the upward speed of the car frame (2) in real time. When the microcontroller detects that the upward speed of the car frame (2) reaches the first anti-overrush speed range, a specific counterweight is filled into the counterweight box (24), and the air pump (13) quantitatively inflates the inside of the bladder column (14). When the microcontroller detects that the upward speed of the car frame (2) reaches the first anti-overrush speed range, a specific counterweight is filled into the counterweight box (24), and the air pump (13) quantitatively inflates the inside of the bladder column (14). When the upward speed reaches the second anti-impact speed range, the counterweight box (24) is filled with a specific counterweight weight that matches the second anti-impact speed range. The air pump (13) pressurizes the inside of the bladder column (14) with a fixed amount of air. When the car frame (2) is upward, the car frame (2) is blocked by the arresting cable (9). After the pressure plate (31) is pressured by the arresting cable (9), the two locking clamps (32) are locked between the two locking clamps (32) by the arresting cable (9), thereby preventing the car frame (2) from falling quickly after the impact. During the upward process of the car frame (2), the linkage air blower is activated and blows air into the pressure relief bladder (6), thereby providing multi-effect buffer protection for the car frame (2).

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