Small satellite remote sensing data integrated comprehensive processing and transmission distribution system

Abstract

The small satellite remote sensing data integrated comprehensive processing and transmission distribution system belongs to the technical field of small satellite payload. The small satellite remote sensing data integrated comprehensive processing and transmission distribution system is characterized by light mass, small size and high function density. The integrated high-integration design of the data transmission system and the distribution system is carried out, and multiple function modules such as power distribution, control, processing, storage, modulation, demodulation, distribution, task / high-speed uploading and power amplifier are organically combined. The small satellite remote sensing data integrated comprehensive processing and transmission distribution system solves the technical problems of software-defined data processing and transmission integrated design, software-defined radio-based data transmission and information distribution integrated design, open architecture facilitating machine function expansion and electromagnetic compatibility design under high function density conditions, and significantly improves the function density ratio of the data transmission system and the distribution system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an integrated processing and transmission distribution system for small satellite remote sensing data, belonging to the field of small satellite payload technology. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional small satellite data transmission system designs employ a distributed architecture of "single unit + cable," which leads to drawbacks such as a large number of single units, numerous interfaces between units, and complex definitions of connection cable nodes. This results in a significant increase in data transmission size, quality, power consumption, and cost, thereby hindering further improvements in the advantages of high functional density and high efficiency of small satellites. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an integrated processing and transmission distribution system for small satellite remote sensing data. The hardware architecture is designed with high integration of the data transmission system and the distribution system, realizing the integration of multiple functional modules such as power distribution, control, processing, storage, modulation, demodulation, distribution, task / high-speed uploading, and power amplifier.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is: a small satellite remote sensing data integrated processing and transmission distribution system, including a baseband processing module, a radio frequency processing module, and a control and power distribution module; the three modules are interconnected and can be arbitrarily combined through plug-in connectors; each module can be combined and plugged into other functional modules as needed to achieve system integration and functional expansion;

[0005] The baseband processing module receives and stores image data sent by the external payload system, and performs image compression, data fusion, target detection and ROI extraction. The processing results are then sent to the ground via the radio frequency processing module.

[0006] The radio frequency processing module is used for integrated X-band or Ku-band transmission and reception, generating multi-band carrier frequencies, demodulating input signals, and digitally modulating, shaping, filtering, and amplifying output signals.

[0007] The control power distribution module receives the primary power supply from the entire satellite, performs surge protection and filtering on the primary power supply, provides secondary power supply to the baseband processing module and the radio frequency processing module, and receives direct OC commands and indirect CAN bus commands from the entire satellite, realizing the working mode of integrated processing and transmission distribution of micro-payloads and power supply and distribution management.

[0008] Furthermore, in the radio frequency processing module, the X and Ku band transmission channels share the same set of radio frequency components. By adjusting the carrier frequency control parameters and switching the modulation mode, the X and Ku band transmission channels can be time-division multiplexed.

[0009] Furthermore, adjustments to image compression, data fusion, target detection, ROI extraction, digital modulation, demodulation methods, and shaping filtering functions are achieved through software reconstruction.

[0010] Furthermore, the baseband processing module includes a storage module; the storage module is a Tb-level data storage unit based on SIP 3D packaging.

[0011] Furthermore, the radio frequency processing module includes a transmit channel and a receive channel that integrate X-band and Ku-band functional components using the MCM method.

[0012] Furthermore, the control and power distribution module switches to the minimum system power supply mode based on the working time, working voltage, and working current threshold of each module.

[0013] Furthermore, the conditions for switching to the minimum system power supply mode are as follows: the baseband processing module's operating time limit is no more than 40 minutes, the transmitting channel in the radio frequency processing module's operating time limit is no more than 20 minutes, the receiving channel in the radio frequency processing module's operating time limit is no more than 30 minutes, the lower limit of the operating voltage threshold for each functional module is 95% of the normal operating voltage, the upper limit of the operating voltage threshold for each functional module is 105% of the normal operating voltage, and the upper limit of the operating current threshold for each functional module is 105% of the normal operating current.

[0014] Furthermore, the control and power distribution module realizes autonomous partitioned power supply and distribution management based on the overall data flow direction, and enables the baseband processing module and radio frequency processing module to minimize power-on operation according to the data flow direction, thereby achieving low power consumption of the micro-load.

[0015] Furthermore, the overall data stream includes:

[0016] The real-time data stream passes sequentially through the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module and the X-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module.

[0017] The recorded data stream passes sequentially through the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module and the storage unit in the baseband processing module;

[0018] The playback transmission data stream passes sequentially through the storage unit in the baseband processing module, the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module, and the X-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module;

[0019] The artificial intelligence data processing data stream passes sequentially through the storage unit, intelligent processing unit, data transmission unit, and storage unit in the baseband processing module.

[0020] The information distribution data stream passes sequentially through the storage unit in the baseband processing module, the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module, and the Ku-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module;

[0021] The user task data stream and the program upload data stream pass sequentially through the Ku-band receiving channel in the RF processing module and the lower-level machine in the control and power distribution module.

[0022] Furthermore, the modules can be combined and plugged into the data transmission system, load system and other system functional modules as needed, including power supply, control and data processing functional modules.

[0023] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0024] 1) A unified architecture design for small satellite remote sensing data processing, transmission, and distribution is proposed. This unified architecture consists of three standardized modules: a baseband processing module, a radio frequency processing module, and a control and power distribution module. These three modules are interconnected and can be arbitrarily combined via plug-in connectors. The design integrates 11 traditional individual units (compression, AOS multiplexing, intelligent processing, storage, control and power distribution, modulation, demodulation, low-noise amplifier, power amplifier, information distribution, and task / high-speed uploading) into a single unit, significantly reducing the number of individual units. Furthermore, optimizations are made to the internal power supply, interface interconnection, and space utilization of each unit, achieving a high degree of integration of the multi-functional modules of the data transmission and distribution systems.

[0025] 2) A highly integrated, low-coupling overall architecture design is proposed. The coupling between functional modules is low, and the functions are relatively independent, which facilitates independent development and overall system integration, and makes it easy to carry out mass production. Moreover, the overall system integration architecture is an open architecture, which allows for functional expansion of the power supply, baseband processing, and radio frequency processing modules. The functional modules can be arbitrarily combined and spliced ​​without any restrictions on the combination order, further improving the overall satellite's functional density and efficiency ratio.

[0026] 3) A software-defined radio-based integrated architecture design for data transmission and information distribution is proposed. The design of an integrated X / Ku multi-band transmission and distribution architecture based on software-defined radio is carried out. MCM technology is used to integrate the functional components of the transmitting and receiving channels. Digital modulation and demodulation, filtering and multi-band conversion are implemented through software to realize integrated multiplexing transmission of multi-band distribution and transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an integrated architecture for comprehensive processing, transmission, and distribution.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modular assembly and interlocking of modules. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To better understand the above technical solutions, the technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this application and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of this application, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0031] The integrated processing and transmission distribution system for small satellite remote sensing data provided in this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific implementation methods may include (e.g.) Figure 1 As shown):

[0032] 1) Baseband processing module

[0033] The baseband processing module consists of payload data access, high-speed data buffer, solid-state storage, operating system management, and configuration management. Payload data access handles multi-source payload data input, including a high-speed serial bus interface, a medium-speed Ethernet interface, and a low-speed LVDS interface. The high-speed serial bus TLK2711 / CXP / Cameralink interface consists of 6 ports, the medium-speed interface consists of 1 gigabit Ethernet port, and the low-speed interface consists of 4 LVDS ports.

[0034] The FPGA+DSP heterogeneous computing unit of the baseband processing module has on-orbit static and dynamic target detection and tracking capabilities, enabling rapid extraction and localization of key areas, i.e., artificial intelligence data processing capabilities. Simultaneously, an embedded real-time operating system is built based on the FPGA's PPC and the DSP's ARM core, completing the management of the fixed-access file system and the access and rapid distribution management of on-orbit tasks.

[0035] The baseband processing module's storage unit is a miniaturized, high-capacity data storage unit based on SIP (System-in-Package) 3D packaging technology. It consists of 16 512Gbit SLC FLASH chips, forming an 8Tb high-capacity data storage unit. This unit can be interconnected with external devices via GTH (Gateway-to-Head) high-speed interconnection, enabling rapid storage and retrieval of massive amounts of data.

[0036] Each management chip in the baseband processing module is equipped with a corresponding DDR to implement bitstream buffering, and also includes functions such as clock generation and program loading management. Under the control of the control and power distribution module, data processing functions are defined through software reconfiguration.

[0037] 2) Radio Frequency Processing Module

[0038] The RF processing module primarily performs functions such as digital modulation / demodulation, shaping filtering, integrated X / Ku band transmission / reception, and multi-band carrier frequency generation. The X and Ku band transmission channels share a single set of RF components. The carrier frequency is adjusted via carrier frequency control parameters to achieve time-division multiplexing of the X and Ku band transmission channels. Simultaneously, the digital modulation / demodulation method and shaping filtering function can be adjusted through software reconfiguration. The RF processing module consists of digital processing circuitry, a transmission channel, a reception channel, a multi-band frequency synthesizer, a local oscillator amplifier / power amplifier circuit, and a power supply unit.

[0039] To achieve miniaturization and integration, the transmitting and receiving channels are designed with integrated MCM chip packaging. The internal power supply, interface interconnection, and space utilization of the module are optimized, and the entire system's transmission and reception functions are realized through a single board.

[0040] The internal implementation of the radio frequency processing module is as follows:

[0041] It receives secondary power from the onboard control and power distribution module; generates a 100MHz high-performance reference, then generates an 8-14GHz local oscillator signal through a broadband frequency synthesis chip, and performs frequency multiplication, amplification, and power division for up-conversion, down-conversion, and high-speed AD / DA; receives data from the baseband processing unit and performs modulation / spread spectrum modulation, the modulated / spread spectrum intermediate frequency signal is up-converted through the transmit channel and then amplified for power output; performs AD conversion on the intermediate frequency signal processed by the receive channel and performs digital demodulation.

[0042] The local oscillator circuit of the RF processing module needs to generate carrier signals at two frequencies: X-band and Ku-band, based on remote control commands sent by the ground user. It can also generate new frequencies based on the uplink frequency control parameters of the ground user. After the carrier signals are generated, they are amplified and divided, resulting in two local oscillator signals sent to the transmit and receive channels, respectively. Simultaneously, the local oscillator circuit needs to generate an L-band frequency signal, which is then divided by the clock divider chip inside the digital processing unit before being sent to the AD / DA converter.

[0043] 3) Control power distribution module

[0044] The control power distribution module receives the primary +28V / +42V / +100V power supply from the satellite, performs surge protection and filtering on the primary power supply, and realizes the secondary power supply of the baseband processing module and the radio frequency processing module through primary power management. It also receives OC direct commands and CAN bus indirect commands from the satellite to realize the power supply and distribution of micro payloads for comprehensive processing and transmission.

[0045] The control and power distribution module can also achieve autonomous zoned power supply and distribution management based on data flow, enabling the baseband processing module and RF processing module to operate at minimum power-on speed according to data flow, thereby achieving low-power design for the miniature payload. It can also autonomously switch to the minimum system power supply mode based on the operating time, voltage threshold, and current threshold of each module, ensuring the overall satellite's energy security. It can also report the health status of individual units to the entire satellite in real time. The minimum system includes functions such as satellite control and software loading and reconfiguration. The operating time of the baseband processing module is generally ≤40 minutes, the operating time of the transmit channel in the RF processing module is generally ≤20 minutes, and the operating time of the receive channel in the RF processing module is generally ≤30 minutes. The lower limit of the operating voltage threshold for each functional module is 95% of the normal operating voltage, the upper limit of the operating voltage threshold for each functional module is 105% of the normal operating voltage, and the upper limit of the operating current threshold for each functional module is 105% of the normal operating current.

[0046] The entire system is designed with partitioned power supply based on data flow:

[0047] Real-time data transmission: The data flow is from the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module to the X-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module. Real-time data transmission can be achieved simply by powering on the data transmission unit and the X-band transmission channel.

[0048] Data stream recording: The data flow is from the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module to the storage unit in the baseband processing module. Real-time data recording is achieved simply by powering on the data transmission unit and the storage unit.

[0049] Playback transmission data stream: The data flow is from the storage unit in the baseband processing module → the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module → the X-band transmission channel in the RF processing module. Data playback transmission can be completed simply by powering on the data transmission unit, storage unit, and X-band transmission channel.

[0050] The data flow for AI data processing is as follows: storage unit in the baseband processing module → intelligent processing unit in the baseband processing module → data transmission unit in the baseband processing module → storage unit in the baseband processing module. Simply powering on the baseband processing module is sufficient to perform data target detection and region extraction functions.

[0051] Information distribution data flow: The data flow is from the storage unit in the baseband processing module → the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module → the Ku-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module. Information distribution can be completed simply by powering on the data transmission unit, storage unit, and Ku-band transmission channel.

[0052] User task / program upload data flow: The data flow is from the Ku-band receiving channel in the RF processing module to the lower-level machine in the control power distribution module. Simply powering on the lower-level machine and the Ku-band receiving channel is sufficient to complete the user task upload function. Uploaded content includes user task information or software refactoring programs, etc.

[0053] 4) Modular assembly

[0054] like Figure 2 Modular assembly refers to the design of the entire system's functional modules based on a high-integration, low-coupling approach in terms of physical architecture. The interconnections between modules are limited to power supply, remote control and telemetry, and data streams. This low coupling and relative independence between modules facilitates individual module debugging and overall system integration, improving batch delivery capabilities. Furthermore, the open architecture allows for functional expansion of the power supply, baseband processing, and RF processing modules. These modules can be arbitrarily combined and assembled without any order restrictions, further enhancing the overall satellite's functional density and efficiency. Each functional module employs a shielded enclosure design, and the RF processing module utilizes an independent transceiver cavity isolation design, effectively addressing electromagnetic compatibility issues under high integration and high functional density conditions.

[0055] Based on the above architecture, it supports the cascading expansion of multiple power supply boards. Considering heat dissipation and structure, it supports 1-3 expansion groups. Each power supply board supports the expansion of 3 individual boards, each with 85W. The inter-module expansion capability includes a control RS485 bus and 6 high-speed GTH buses. External 8 high-speed serial data interface expansion is also available. The modules have low coupling, and the functional expansion is unlimited. The internal functional modules of the data transmission system can integrate the power supply, control, and payload data processing functional modules of the payload system, further improving the functional density ratio of small satellites.

[0056] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

[0057] The contents not described in detail in this specification are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A comprehensive processing, transmission, and distribution system for small satellite remote sensing data, characterized in that: It includes a baseband processing module, a radio frequency processing module, and a control and power distribution module; the three modules can be interconnected and combined in any way through plug-in connectors; each module can be combined and plugged into other functional modules as needed to achieve overall integration and functional expansion; The baseband processing module receives and stores image data sent by the external payload system, and performs image compression, data fusion, target detection and ROI extraction. The processing results are then sent to the ground via the radio frequency processing module. The radio frequency processing module is used for integrated X-band or Ku-band transmission and reception, generating multi-band carrier frequencies, demodulating input signals, and digitally modulating, shaping, filtering, and amplifying output signals. The control power distribution module receives the primary power supply output from the entire satellite, performs surge protection and filtering on the primary power supply, provides secondary power supply for the baseband processing module and the radio frequency processing module, and receives direct OC commands and indirect CAN bus commands from the entire satellite to realize the working mode of integrated processing and transmission distribution of micro payloads and power supply and distribution management. In the radio frequency processing module, the X and Ku band transmission channels share the same set of radio frequency components. By adjusting the carrier frequency point and modulation mode through the carrier frequency point control parameters, the X and Ku band transmission channels can be time-division multiplexed. The baseband processing module includes a storage module; the storage module is a Tb-level data storage unit based on SIP 3D packaging; The radio frequency processing module includes a transmit channel and a receive channel that integrate X-band and Ku-band functional components using the MCM method. The conditions for switching to the minimum system power supply mode are as follows: the baseband processing module's operating time does not exceed 40 minutes, the transmitting channel in the RF processing module's operating time does not exceed 20 minutes, the receiving channel in the RF processing module's operating time does not exceed 30 minutes, the lower limit of the operating voltage threshold for each functional module is 95% of the normal operating voltage, the upper limit of the operating voltage threshold for each functional module is 105% of the normal operating voltage, and the upper limit of the operating current threshold for each functional module is 105% of the normal operating current. The entire system's data stream includes: The real-time data stream passes sequentially through the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module and the X-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module. The recorded data stream passes sequentially through the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module and the storage unit in the baseband processing module; The playback transmission data stream passes sequentially through the storage unit in the baseband processing module, the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module, and the X-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module; The artificial intelligence data processing data stream passes sequentially through the storage unit, intelligent processing unit, data transmission unit, and storage unit in the baseband processing module. The information distribution data stream passes sequentially through the storage unit in the baseband processing module, the data transmission unit in the baseband processing module, and the Ku-band transmission channel in the radio frequency processing module; The user task data stream and the program upload data stream pass sequentially through the Ku-band receiving channel in the radio frequency processing module and the lower-level machine in the control and power distribution module. Each module is combined and plugged into the functional modules of the data transmission system, load system and other systems as needed, including power supply, control and data processing functional modules.

2. The integrated processing and transmission distribution system for small satellite remote sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The software reconstruction enables adjustments to image compression, data fusion, target detection, ROI extraction, digital modulation, demodulation methods, and shaping filtering functions.

3. The integrated processing and transmission distribution system for small satellite remote sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and power distribution module switches to the minimum system power supply mode according to the working time, working voltage, and working current threshold of each module.

4. The integrated processing and transmission distribution system for small satellite remote sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and power distribution module achieves autonomous zoned power supply and distribution management based on the overall data flow direction, enabling the baseband processing module and radio frequency processing module to minimize power-on operation according to the data flow direction, thereby achieving low power consumption of the micro-load.

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