Tracking network traffic for local area network (LAN) subnets in a wireless wide area network (WWAN)

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, for tracking network traffic for local area network (LAN) subnets in wireless wide area networks (WWANs). In some implementations, a UE of a WWAN can assign a unique public IP address to each router of a LAN. The UE can send network traffic received from the LAN to the WWAN. Network traffic originating from any router of the LAN can be associated with the unique public IP address assigned to that router. The WWAN can use the unique public IP addresses to generate network traffic information that can indicate an amount of network traffic flowing from each router of the LAN. For example, the WWAN can use the network traffic information to determine billing information for any router in the LAN.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. nonprovisional patent application No. 17 / 362,737, filed June 29, 2021, entitled “TRACKING NETWORK TRAFFIC OF LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) SUBNETS IN A WIRELESSWIDE AREA NETWORK (WWAN)”, which has been assigned to the assignee of this application. The disclosure of the earlier application is considered part of this patent application and is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] In summary, various aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communications and to techniques for tracking network services in local area network (LAN) subnets within a wireless wide area network (WWAN). Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, and broadcasting. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources, such as time, frequency, and power. Wireless multiple access communication systems may include multiple base stations (BSs), each supporting communication with multiple communication devices (which may also be referred to as user equipment (UE)) simultaneously.

[0005] To meet the growing demand for extended mobile broadband connectivity, wireless communication technologies are evolving from third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation (4G) technologies (including Long Term Evolution (LTE)) to next-generation New Radio (NR) technologies (which may be referred to as 5G or 5G NR). For example, compared to 3G or LTE, NR is designed to provide lower latency, higher bandwidth or higher throughput, and higher reliability. NR is designed to operate on a wide variety of spectrum bands, from low-frequency bands below approximately 1 GHz and mid-frequency bands from approximately 1 GHz to approximately 6 GHz, to high-frequency bands such as millimeter wave (mmW) bands. NR is also designed to operate across different spectrum types, from licensed spectrum to unlicensed spectrum and shared spectrum. Spectrum sharing allows operators to opportunistically aggregate spectrum to dynamically support high-bandwidth services. Spectrum sharing can extend the benefits of NR technology to operating entities that may not have access to licensed spectrum.

[0006] The wireless communication network can support a combination of 2G, 3G, LTE, and 5G NR technologies. The UE can communicate with the wireless communication network using one or more of these technologies. For example, the UE can use 5G NR for some applications (such as data transmission) and LTE for other applications (such as voice transmission). The UE can also access the wireless local area network (WLAN) within the wireless communication network. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The systems, methods, and apparatuses disclosed herein are innovative in several ways, but no single aspect is solely responsible for the intended properties of this disclosure.

[0008] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a communication method performed by a first node. The method may include: assigning a first Public Internet Protocol (IP) address to a first router of a Local Area Network (LAN), and assigning a second Public IP address to a second router of the LAN. The method may further include: transmitting a first network service associated with the first Public IP address via a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), and transmitting a second network service associated with the second Public IP address via the WWAN.

[0009] In some aspects, the method may include: establishing a first Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session for the first public IP address and a second PDU session for the second public IP address, wherein the first network service may be exchanged via the WWAN through the first PDU session, and the second network service may be exchanged via the WWAN through the second PDU session.

[0010] In some aspects, the method may include: establishing a first network slice of the WWAN for the first public IP address and a second network slice of the WWAN for the second public IP address, wherein the first network service may be exchanged through the WWAN via the first network slice, and the second network service may be exchanged through the WWAN via the second network slice.

[0011] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a communication method performed by a first node. The method may include: receiving a first network service from a first IP address associated with a first router of the LAN, and receiving a second network service from a second IP address associated with a second router of the LAN. The method may further include: sending a first encapsulated packet to a second node via a WWAN, through a first tunnel instance of the tunnel, and sending a second encapsulated packet to the second node via a second tunnel instance of the tunnel. The IP address of the first node may be the source IP address of both the first encapsulated packet and the second encapsulated packet.

[0012] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for a first node in wireless communication. The apparatus may include one or more processors configured to assign a first public IP address to a first router of a LAN and to assign a second public IP address to a second router of the LAN. The apparatus may also include one or more interfaces configured to transmit a first network service associated with the first public IP address via a WWAN and to transmit a second network service associated with the second public IP address via the WWAN.

[0013] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for a first node in wireless communication. The apparatus may include one or more processors configured to implement the wireless communication. The apparatus may also include one or more interfaces configured to receive a first network service from a first IP address associated with a first router of a LAN, and to receive a second network service from a second IP address associated with a second router of the LAN. The one or more interfaces may also be configured to send a first encapsulated packet to a second node via a WWAN, via a first tunnel instance of the tunnel, and to send a second encapsulated packet to the second node via a second tunnel instance of the tunnel, wherein the IP address of the first node is the source IP address of both the first and second encapsulated packets.

[0014] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. It should be noted that the relative dimensions in the following drawings may not be drawn to scale. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a system diagram of an example wireless communication network.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a block diagram that conceptually illustrates an example of communication between a base station (BS) 110 and a UE.

[0017] Figure 3 A system diagram of an example wireless communication network is shown.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example operation for establishing a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session to track network traffic on a specific router in a Wireless Wide Area Network (WLAN).

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example operation for using network slicing to track network traffic on a specific router in a WLAN.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example operation of tracking network traffic on a specific router for a WLAN using various aspects of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addressing.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example operation for tracking network traffic on a specific router using various aspects of IPv6 addressing.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example operation for tracking network traffic on a specific router using tunneling transmission.

[0023] Figure 9 The process is described, illustrating an example operation performed by a node for communication in a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN).

[0024] Figure 10 The process is described, showing an example operation performed by a node for communication in a WWAN.

[0025] Figure 11 A block diagram of an example wireless communication device is shown.

[0026] Figure 12 A block diagram of an example wireless node is shown.

[0027] Similar reference numerals and naming conventions are used in the various figures to indicate similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0028] For the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of this disclosure, the following description relates to certain implementations. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. The examples in this disclosure are based on wireless network communication in a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN). However, the described implementations can be implemented in any device, system, or network capable of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals according to any of the wireless communication standards, including any of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards. Standard, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunking Radio (TETRA), Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolved Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Fifth Generation (5G) or New Radio (NR), Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS), or other known signals used for communication within wireless, cellular, or Internet of Things (IoT) networks (e.g., systems utilizing 3G, 4G, or 5G technologies, or other implementations thereof).

[0029] A wireless communication network (which may also be referred to as a wireless WAN or WWAN) may include base stations (BS) implementing 5G NR radio access technology (RAT) for 5G NR networks and BS implementing LTE RAT for LTE networks. A WWAN RAT may also be referred to as a WWAN RAT. User equipment (UE) of a wireless communication network may use either a 5G NR RAT or an LTE RAT, depending on which radio coverage is available to the UE and which radio coverage provides the best quality of service.

[0030] User equipment (UE) in a WWAN (such as a 5G NR network) can provide network connectivity to a local area network (LAN). In a LAN, host devices (such as personal computers) can wirelessly connect to the LAN's router. The LAN's host devices and routers can have private Internet Protocol (IP) addresses known to the UE but not necessarily outside the LAN. Conversely, the UE can have a globally routable public IP address. Therefore, network traffic flowing from the LAN to the WWAN can be associated with any private IP address of the UE, rather than the LAN's private IP address. For network traffic flowing from the WWAN to the LAN, the UE can utilize Network Address Translation (NAT) to route the network traffic to the appropriate private IP address of the LAN.

[0031] In summary, various aspects of this disclosure relate to technologies for transmitting network services between a LAN and a WWAN. Furthermore, some aspects relate to technologies for tracking network services flowing between specific devices in the WWAN and the LAN. A UE in the WWAN can assign a unique public IP address to each router in the LAN. The UE can send network services from the LAN to the WWAN. Network services originating from any router in the LAN can be associated with the unique public IP address assigned to that router. The WWAN can use these unique public IP addresses to generate network service information that indicates the amount of network services flowing out from each router in the LAN. For example, the WWAN can use this network service information to determine billing information for any router in the LAN.

[0032] In some implementations, the UE can transmit network services from each router in the LAN to the WWAN through different Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions. For example, the UE can establish a first PDU session for a first router in the LAN. The first PDU session can be associated with a first public IP address assigned to the first router by the UE. Similarly, the UE can transmit network services from a second router in the LAN through a second PDU session, where the second PDU session is associated with a second public IP address assigned to the second router by the UE. The WWAN can track the network services used for each PDU session to determine network service information associated with the first and second routers. In some implementations, the UE can be configured to have a first pseudo-data network name (DNN) and a second pseudo-DNN. The first router can use the first pseudo-DNN to access the WWAN, and the second router can use the second pseudo-DNN to access the WWAN.

[0033] In some implementations, the UE can transmit network traffic from each router in the LAN to the WWAN through different network slices. For example, the UE can establish a first network slice for the first router in the LAN. The first network slice can be associated with a first public IP address assigned to the first router by the UE. Similarly, the UE can transmit network traffic from a second router in the LAN through a second network slice, where a second PDU session is associated with a second public IP address assigned to the second router by the UE. The WWAN can track the network traffic used for each network slice to determine or identify network traffic information associated with the first and second routers.

[0034] In some implementations, each public IP address for each router in the LAN may be an IPv6 address. Each IPv6 address may include an IPv6 prefix and an IPv6 interface identifier (IID). The UE can receive a unique range of IPv6 prefixes from the WWAN. To assign IPv6 addresses to routers in the LAN, the UE can select an IPv6 prefix from the range received from the WWAN and assign the selected IPv6 prefix to the router. The router can form its IPv6 address by determining the IPv6 IID and combining it with the IPv6 prefix. The WWAN can also track network traffic from each router in the LAN based on the IPv6 address of each router.

[0035] In some implementations, the UE can receive a single IPv6 prefix from the WWAN to assign distinct, unique IPv6 addresses to each router in the LAN. The UE can provide each router in the LAN with the IPv6 prefix along with a portion of its IPv6 IID. In some implementations, each IPv6 IID portion can be different for each router in the LAN. Each router can select, identify, or determine the remaining portion of its IPv6 IID to form its own unique IPv6 address. The WWAN can also track network traffic from each router in the LAN based on each router's IPv6 address.

[0036] In some implementations, each router in the LAN can have a different private IP address that is not globally routable by the WWAN. The UE can use any suitable tunneling transport protocol (such as Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE), IP-to-IP, IP Security (IPSec), or other such methods) to generate different tunnels for each router. The UE can receive network traffic from each router and encapsulate the network traffic from each router into different tunnels. The UE can then send the encapsulated network traffic to a tunnel server via the WWAN. The tunnel server can decapsulate the network traffic and send the decapsulated network traffic to one or more destinations, such as one or more web servers on a remote data network. The WWAN can also track network traffic for each router in the LAN based on the association between routers and tunnels.

[0037] Specific implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. The UE enables the WWAN to identify each router in the LAN and track network traffic on each router in the LAN, such as by assigning a unique public IP address to each router, using a unique PDU session for each router, using unique network slicing for each router, etc. When the WWAN can identify routers in the LAN, it can tailor specific services for each router in the LAN. For example, the WWAN can provide low-latency services to the first router in the LAN and high-data-usage services to the second router in the LAN. Although the WWAN can identify routers in the LAN, user identity may still remain hidden from the WWAN. For example, a user identity may be known within a router's subnet but not outside that subnet. Furthermore, the WWAN operator can accurately charge based on the usage of each router in the LAN. Therefore, WWAN providers can achieve better overall network performance with fewer resources, resulting in better security for users and lower fees.

[0038] Figure 1This is a system diagram of an example wireless communication network 100. Wireless communication network 100 can be an LTE network or a 5G NR network, or a combination thereof. Wireless communication network 100 can also be referred to as a wide area network (WAN) or a wireless wide area network (WWAN). Wireless communication network 100 includes multiple base stations (BS) 110 (individually labeled 110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, 110E, and 110F) and other network entities. BS 110 can be a station communicating with UE 120 and can also be referred to as an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation eNB (gNB), an access point, etc. In some implementations, BS 110 can represent an eNB of an LTE network or a gNB of a 5G NR network, or a combination thereof. Each BS 110 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to that specific geographic coverage area of ​​BS 110 or a BS subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0039] BS 110 can provide communication coverage for macrocells or small cells (such as picocells or femtocells) or other types of cells. Macrocells typically cover relatively large geographic areas (e.g., radius of several kilometers) and allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to network providers. Picocells typically cover relatively small geographic areas and allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to network providers. Femtocells typically cover relatively small geographic areas (such as residential areas) and, in addition to unrestricted access, provide restricted access by UEs associated with that femtocell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG), UEs for users in a residence, etc.). A BS used for macrocells can be called a macro BS. A BS used for small cells can be called a small cell BS, pico BS, femto BS, or home BS. Figure 1 In the examples shown, BS 110D and 110E can be conventional macro BSs, while BS 110A-110C can be macro BSs implemented using three-dimensional (3D) MIMO, full-dimensional (FD) MIMO, or massive MIMO. BS 110A-110C can leverage their higher-dimensional MIMO capabilities to utilize 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming to increase coverage and capacity. BS 110F can be a small cell BS, which can be a home node or portable access point. BS 110 can support one or more (such as two, three, four, etc.) cells. In some implementations, BS 110 can be an example of a WWAN 100 node or network entity.

[0040] The wireless communication network 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations (BSs) can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs can be approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, the BSs can have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs can be time-disaligned.

[0041] UE 120 is distributed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 can be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may also be referred to as a terminal, mobile station, wireless device, subscriber unit, station, etc. In some implementations, UE 120 may be an example of a node or network entity of WWAN 100. UE 120 may be a mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, wearable device, tablet computer, laptop computer, cordless phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, smart appliance, drone, video camera, sensor, etc. In one aspect, UE 120 may be a device including a universal integrated circuit card (UICC). In another aspect, UE 120 may be a device without a UICC. In some aspects, UE 120 without a UICC may also be referred to as an IoT device or Internet of Things (IoE) device. UE 120A-120D are examples of mobile smartphone-type devices that can access the wireless communication network 100. UE 120 can also be a machine specifically configured for connected communications (including Machine Type Communication (MTC), Enhanced MTC (eMTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), etc.). UE 120E-120L are examples of various machines configured for communication and accessing the wireless communication network 100. UE 120 is capable of communicating with any type of BS (whether macro BS, small cell, etc.). Figure 1 In the diagram, the lightning bolt represents a communication link, indicating radio transmissions between UE 120 and serving BS 110 (which is designated to serve UE 120 on the downlink and uplink), or desired transmissions between BSs, and backhaul transmissions between BSs.

[0042] In operation, BS 110A-110C can use 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial technologies (e.g., Co-MP or multi-connectivity) to serve UE 120A and 120B. Macro BS 110D can perform backhaul communication with BS 110A-110C and BS 110F (which can be a small cell BS). Macro BS 110D can also transmit multicast services customized and received by UE 120C and 120D. Such multicast services may include mobile TV or streaming video, or may include other services for providing community information, such as weather emergencies or alerts (e.g., Amber Alerts or Grey Alerts).

[0043] Base station 110 can also communicate with a core network. The core network can provide user authentication, access authentication, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. At least some of the BS 110s (such as gNBs or Access Node Controllers (ANCs)) can interface with the core network via backhaul links (such as NG-C and NG-U) and can perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with UE 120. In various examples, the BS 110s can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via the core network) via backhaul links, which can be wired or wireless communication links.

[0044] The wireless communication network 100 can also support mission-critical communication with highly reliable and redundant links for mission-critical equipment (e.g., UE 120E, which may be a drone). Redundant communication links with UE 120E may include links from macro BS 110D and 110E as well as links from small cell BS 110F. Other machine-type equipment (such as UE 120F and UE 120G (e.g., video cameras or smart lighting), UE 120H (e.g., smart meters), and UE 120I (e.g., wearable devices)) can communicate directly with BSs (such as small cell BS 110F and macro BS 110E) via the wireless communication network 100, or communicate in a multi-hop configuration through another user equipment that relays its information to the wireless communication network 100. For example, UE 120H can transmit smart meter information to UE 120I (such as a wearable device or mobile phone), and UE 120I can report this information to the wireless communication network 100 via the small cell BS 110F. The wireless communication network 100 can also provide additional network efficiency through dynamic low-latency TDD / FDD communication (such as in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, as shown by UEs 120J-120L). The wireless communication network 100 can also provide connectivity to devices on the LAN. For example, UE 120M, which can act as an outdoor modem, can connect to one or more routers in the LAN. UE 120M can transmit network traffic from the routers in the LAN via the wireless communication network 100.

[0045] The wireless communication network 100 may include one or more access points (APs) 107, which are part of one or more wireless local area networks (WLANs). The AP 107 (which may also be referred to as a WLAN AP) can provide short-range wireless connectivity to the UE 120 of the wireless communication network 100.

[0046] In some implementations, the wireless communication network 100 can communicate using OFDM-based waveforms. An OFDM-based system can divide the system BW into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as subcarriers, tones, frequency bands, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated using data. In some instances, the subcarrier spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system BW. The system BW can also be divided into subbands. In other instances, the subcarrier spacing or the duration of the time interval (TTI) can be scalable.

[0047] BS 110 can assign or schedule transmission resources (such as in the form of time-frequency resource blocks (RBs)) for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions in the wireless communication network 100. DL refers to the transmission direction from BS 110 to UE 120, while UL refers to the transmission direction from UE 120 to BS 110. Communication can be in the form of radio frames. Radio frames can be divided into multiple subframes or time slots. Each time slot can be further divided into micro-time slots. In FDD mode, simultaneous UL and DL transmissions can occur in different frequency bands. For example, each subframe includes UL subframes in the UL band and DL subframes in the DL band. In TDD mode, UL and DL transmissions using the same frequency band occur at different time periods. For example, a subset of subframes in a radio frame (such as DL subframes) can be used for DL ​​transmission, while another subset of subframes in the same radio frame (such as UL subframes) can be used for UL transmission.

[0048] DL subframes and UL subframes can be further divided into several regions. For example, each DL or UL subframe can have a predefined region for the transmission of reference signals, control information, and data. Reference signals are predetermined signals that facilitate communication between BS 110 and UE 120. For example, reference signals can have a specific pilot pattern or structure, where pilot tones can span an operating BW or frequency band, and each pilot tone is located at a predefined time and predefined frequency. For example, BS 110 can transmit cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RS) to enable UE 120 to estimate the DL channel. Similarly, UE 120 can transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) to enable BS 110 to estimate the UL channel. Control information can include resource allocation and protocol control. Data can include protocol data and operational data. In some aspects, BS 110 and UE 120 can communicate using self-contained subframes. Self-contained subframes can include portions for DL ​​communication and portions for UL communication. A self-contained subframe can be DL-centric or UL-centric. A DL-centric subframe can include a longer duration for DL ​​communication (compared to the duration for UL communication). A UL-centric subframe can include a longer duration for UL communication (compared to the duration for UL communication).

[0049] In some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an NR network deployed on licensed spectrum or an NR network deployed on unlicensed spectrum (such as NR-U or NR-U Simplified). The BS 110 may transmit synchronization signals (including a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)) in the wireless communication network 100 to facilitate synchronization. The BS 110 may broadcast system information associated with the wireless communication network 100 (such as a primary information block (MIB), residual system information (RMSI), and other system information (OSI)) to facilitate initial network access. In some instances, the BS 110 may broadcast one or more of the PSS, SSS, and MIB in the form of a synchronization signal block (SSB) on the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), and one or more of the RMSI and OSI may broadcast on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0050] In some respects, a UE 120 attempting to access the wireless communication network 100 can perform an initial cell search by detecting a PSS included in the SSB from a BS 110. The PSS can provide time-slot timing synchronization and can indicate a physical layer identification value. The UE 120 can receive an SSS included in the SSB from the BS 110. The SSS can provide radio frame synchronization and can provide a cell identification value, which can be combined with the physical layer identification value to identify the cell. The PSS and SSS can be located in the center portion of the carrier or at any suitable frequency within the carrier.

[0051] After receiving the PSS and SSS, UE 120 can receive the MIB. The MIB may include system information for initial network access and scheduling information for at least one of RMSI and OSI. After decoding the MIB, UE 120 can receive at least one of RMSI and OSI. RMSI and OSI may include radio resource control (RRC) information related to the random access channel (RACH) procedure, paging, control resource set (CORESET) for monitoring the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), power control, and SRS.

[0052] After obtaining one or more of the MIB, RMSI, and OSI, UE 120 can perform a random access procedure to establish a connection with BS 110. In some examples, the random access procedure can be a four-step random access procedure. For example, UE 120 can send a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) (such as a PRACH preamble), and BS 110 can respond using a Random Access Response (RAR). The RAR can include one or more of the following: a detected random access preamble identifier (ID) corresponding to the PRACH preamble, timing advance (TA) information, UL grant, temporary cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), and a fallback indicator. Upon receiving the RAR, UE 120 can send a connection request to BS 110, and BS 110 can respond using a connection response. The connection response can indicate contention resolution. In some examples, the PRACH preamble, RAR, connection request, and connection response can be referred to as message 1 (MSG1), message 2 (MSG2), message 3 (MSG3), and message 4 (MSG4), respectively. In some examples, the random access procedure can be a two-step random access procedure, in which UE 120 can send PRACH (including PRACH preamble) and connection request in a single transmission, and BS 110 can respond by sending RAR and connection response in a single transmission.

[0053] After the connection is established, UE 120 and BS 110 can enter the normal operation phase where they can exchange operational data. For example, BS 110 can schedule UE 120 to perform UL and DL communication. BS 110 can send UL and DL scheduling authorizations to UE 120 via PDCCH. BS 110 can send DL communication signals to UE 120 via PDSCH based on the DL scheduling authorization. UE 120 can send UL communication signals to BS 110 via PUSCH or PUCCH based on the UL scheduling authorization.

[0054] In some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 can operate on a system bandwidth (BW) or a component carrier bandwidth (BW). The wireless communication network 100 can divide the system BW into multiple bandwidth portions (BWPs). A BWP can be a portion of the system BW. For example, if the system BW is 100 MHz, each BWP can be 20 MHz or less. The BS 110 can dynamically assign the UE 120 to operate on a specific BWP. The assigned BWP can be referred to as the active BWP. The UE 120 can monitor the active BWP in response to signaling information from the BS 110. The BS 110 can schedule the UE 120 to perform UL or DL ​​communication within the active BWP. In some implementations, the BS 110 can configure the UE 120 to have narrowband operation capabilities (e.g., where transmission and reception are limited to a BW of 20 MHz or less) to perform BWP hopping for channel monitoring and communication.

[0055] In some aspects, BS 110 can assign a pair of BWPs within a component carrier to UE 120 for UL and DL communication. For example, the BWP pair may include one BWP for UL communication and one BWP for DL ​​communication. BS 110 can also configure UE 120 to have one or more CORESETs in the BWPs. A CORESET may include a set of frequency resources spanning multiple symbols in time. BS 110 can configure UE 120 to have one or more search spaces for PDCCH monitoring based on CORESETs. UE 120 can perform blind decoding in the search space to search for DL ​​control information (such as UL or DL ​​scheduling authorization) from BS 110. For example, BS 110 can configure UE 120 to have one or more of the BWP, CORESET, and PDCCH search spaces via RRC configuration.

[0056] In some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 can operate on a shared frequency band or an unlicensed frequency band, for example, at frequencies above approximately 3.5 GHz, below 6 GHz, or in the millimeter-wave band. The wireless communication network 100 can divide the frequency band into multiple channels, for example, each channel occupying more than 20 MHz. The BS 110 and UE 120 can be operated by multiple network operating entities sharing resources in a shared communication medium, and can employ an LBT procedure to acquire the Channel Occupancy Time (COT) for communication in the shared medium. The COT can be discontinuous in time and can refer to the amount of time a wireless node can transmit frames when it wins contention for the wireless medium. Each COT can include multiple transmission slots. The COT can also be referred to as a Transmission Opportunity (TXOP). The BS 110 or UE 120 can perform LBT in the frequency band before transmitting. LBT can be based on energy detection or signal detection. For energy detection, the BS 110 or UE 120 can determine that the channel is busy or occupied when the signal energy measured from the channel exceeds a certain signal energy threshold. For signal detection, when a specific reserved signal (such as a preamble signal sequence) is detected in the channel, the BS 110 or UE 120 can determine whether the channel is busy or occupied.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a block diagram conceptually illustrating example 200 of communication between BS 110 and UE 120. In some examples, BS 110 and UE 120 can be respectively Figure 1 One of the BS and one of the UE in the wireless communication network 100. The BS 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234A to 234T, and the UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252A to 252R, wherein generally, T≥1 and R≥1.

[0058] At BS 110, the transmitting processor 220 can receive data for one or more UEs from data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for that UE based at least in part on the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) received from each UE, process (e.g., code and modulate) the data for that UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for each UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. The transmitting processor 220 can also process system information (e.g., semi-static resource allocation information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper-layer signaling, etc.), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmitting processor 220 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding, if applicable) on data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, or reference symbols, and can provide T output symbol streams to T modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMODs) 232A to 232T (which may also be referred to as modulators / demodulators or modems). Each MOD-DEMOD 232 can (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) process the corresponding output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each MOD-DEMOD 232 can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals from the MOD-DEMODs 232A to 232T can be transmitted via T antennas 234A to 234T respectively. According to some aspects described in more detail below, position coding can be used to generate synchronization signals to transmit additional information.

[0059] At UE 120, antennas 252A to 252R can receive downlink signals from BS 110 or other BSs and can provide the received signals to modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMODs) 254A to 254R (which may also be referred to as modulators / demodulators or modems). Each MOD-DEMOD 254 can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each MOD-DEMOD 254 can further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain the received symbols. MIMO detector 256 can obtain the received symbols from all R MOD-DEMODs 254A to 254R, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (if applicable), and provide the detected symbols. The receiver processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to the controller or processor (controller / processor) 280. The channel processor can determine the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), etc. In some aspects, one or more components of the UE 120 are included in a housing.

[0060] On the uplink, at UE 120, the transmitting processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.). The transmitting processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. Symbols from the transmitting processor 264 can be pre-encoded (if applicable) by the TX MIMO processor 266, further processed by MOD-DEMODs 254A to 254R (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to BS 110. At BS 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs can be received by antenna 234, processed by MOD-DEMOD 232, detected by MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by receiving processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. The receiver processor 238 can provide decoded data to the data sink 239 and decoded control information to the controller or processor (i.e., controller / processor) 240. The network controller 110 may include a communication unit 244 and can communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller or processor (i.e., controller / processor) 290, and a memory 292.

[0061] BS 110 controller / processor 240, UE 120 controller / processor 280 or Figure 2 Any other components may perform one or more technologies associated with tracking network traffic from the LAN subnet, as described in more detail elsewhere in this document. For example, the controller / processor 240 of BS 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or... Figure 2 Any other component (or combination of components) may perform or direct operations related to tracking network services originating from the LAN subnet, such as in Figure 4-10 Described and referenced Figure 4-10 As described, memories 242 and 282 can store data and program code for BS 110 and UE 120, respectively. Scheduler 246 can schedule the UE to transmit data on the downlink, uplink, or a combination thereof.

[0062] The stored program code can cause UE 120 to execute when executed by controller / processor 280 or other processors and modules at UE 120. Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 Process 1000 or other processes as described herein (such as in Figure 4-8(The process described in the document). When executed by the controller / processor 240 or other processors and modules at BS 110, the stored program code enables BS 110 to perform actions related to... Figure 4-10 One or more operations or procedures are described. Scheduler 246 can schedule the UE to transmit data on the downlink, uplink, or a combination thereof.

[0063] In some aspects, UE 120 may include methods for performing Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 The process or other processes as described herein (such as in Figure 4-8 The unit (of the operation described in the text). In some aspects, such a unit may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more components of the UE 120 described.

[0064] In some aspects, BS 110 may include methods for performing via Figure 9 The process 900 Figure 10 Process 1000 or other processes as described herein (such as in Figure 4-8 The unit of the process described in the process(s) is a component of the process described in the document. In some aspects, such a unit may include a combination of... Figure 2 One or more components of the BS 110 described.

[0065] Although Figure 2 The blocks are shown as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these blocks can be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, TX MIMO processor 266, or another processor can be performed by the controller / processor 280 or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0066] Figure 3A system diagram of an example wireless communication network 300 is shown. Depending on some aspects, the wireless communication network 300 may be an example of a WLAN (and will be referred to as WLAN 300 below) such as a Wi-Fi network. For example, WLAN 300 may be a network implementing at least one of the standards of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards (such as standards defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11aa, 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11aq, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be). WLAN 300 may include multiple WLAN devices, such as access points (APs) 302 and multiple stations (STAs) 304 having wireless associations with APs 302. Although only one AP 302 is shown, WLAN 300 may also include multiple APs 302. The IEEE 802.11-2016 standard defines a STA as an addressable unit. An AP is an entity that contains at least one STA and provides access to associated STAs via a wireless medium (WM) for access to distributed services (such as another network, not shown). Therefore, an AP includes both STAs and Distributed System Access Function (DSAF). Figure 3 In the example, AP 302 can connect to a gateway device (not shown) that provides connectivity to another network 340. The DSAF of AP 302 can provide access between STA 304 and the other network 340. Although AP 302 is described as an access point using infrastructure mode, in some implementations, AP 302 can be a conventional STA operating as an AP. For example, AP 302 can be a STA capable of operating in peer-to-peer or standalone mode. In some other examples, AP 302 can be a software AP (SoftAP) operating on a computer system.

[0067] Each STA in STA 304 may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), mobile device, mobile phone, wireless phone, access terminal (AT), user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or subscriber unit, and other possibilities. STA 304 may represent a variety of devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), other handheld devices, netbooks, laptop computers, tablet computers, laptop computers, display devices (e.g., TVs, computer monitors, navigation systems, and other devices), music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices (“remote devices”), printers, kitchen or other household appliances, key cards (e.g., for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), and other possibilities.

[0068] The collection of a single AP 302 and its associated STA 304 can be referred to as the Basic Service Set (BSS) managed by the respective AP 302. Figure 3 An example coverage area 308 of AP 302 is also shown, which can represent the Basic Service Area (BSA) of WLAN 300. The BSA can be identified to users by a Service Set Identifier (SSID) and to other devices by a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which can be the Media Access Control (MAC) address of AP 302. AP 302 periodically broadcasts a beacon including the BSSID to enable any STA 304 within the wireless range of AP 302 to establish or maintain a corresponding communication link 306 (hereinafter also referred to as a "Wi-Fi link") with AP 302. For example, the beacon may include an identifier of the primary channel used by the corresponding AP 302 and a timing synchronization function for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with the AP. AP 302 can provide access to external networks (such as network 340) to each STA 304 in the WLAN via the corresponding communication link 306. To establish a communication link 306 with AP 302, each of the STAs 304 is configured to perform a passive or active scanning operation (“scan”) on frequency channels in one or more frequency bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, or 60 GHz bands). To perform a passive scan, the STA 304 listens for beacons transmitted by the corresponding AP 302 at periodic time intervals (measured in units of time, where one TU may be equal to 1024 microseconds (μs)) called Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT). To perform an active scan, the STA 304 generates probe requests and sequentially transmits probe requests on each channel to be scanned, and listens for probe responses from AP 302. Each STA 304 can be configured to identify or select an AP 302 to associate with based on the scanning information obtained through passive or active scanning, and perform authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 306 with the selected AP 302. AP 302 can assign an association identifier (AID) to STA 304 at the end of the association operation, and AP 302 uses the AID to track STA 304.

[0069] Due to the increasing prevalence of wireless networks, STA 304 may have the opportunity to choose between one BSS among multiple BSSs within its STA range, or between multiple APs 302 that together form an Extended Service Set (ESS) comprising multiple connected BSSs. The extended network station associated with WLAN 300 can connect to a wired or wireless distribution system that allows multiple APs 302 to be connected within such an ESS. Thus, STA 304 can be covered by more than one AP 302 and can associate with different APs 302 at different times for different transmissions. Furthermore, after associating with an AP 302, STA 304 can also be configured to periodically scan its surroundings to find a more suitable AP 302 to associate with. For example, STA 304 moving relative to its associated AP 302 can perform a "roaming" scan to find another AP 302 with more desirable network characteristics, such as a higher RSSI or reduced traffic load.

[0070] In some cases, STA 304 can form a network without AP 302 or other devices besides STA 304 itself. An example of such a network is a self-organizing network (or wireless self-organizing network). Self-organizing networks can also be referred to as mesh networks or peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some cases, self-organizing networks can be implemented within a larger wireless network (such as WLAN 300). In such an implementation, while STA 304 can communicate with each other via communication link 306 through AP 302, STA 304 can also communicate directly with each other via direct wireless link 307. Furthermore, two STA 304 can communicate via direct communication link 307, regardless of whether both STA 304 are associated with and served by the same AP 302. In such a self-organizing system, one or more STAs among STA 304 can assume the role played by AP 302 in the BSS. Such STA 304 can be referred to as the group owner (GO) and can coordinate transmissions within the self-organizing network. Examples of direct wireless links 307 include direct Wi-Fi connections, connections established using a Wi-Fi Tunnel Direct Link Establishment (TDLS) link, and other P2P group connections.

[0071] AP 302 and STA 304 can operate and communicate (via the corresponding communication link 306) according to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its revisions, including but not limited to 802.11aa, 802.11ah, 802.11aq, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be. These standards define the WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the PHY and Media Access Control (MAC) layers. AP 102 and STA 104 communicate wirelessly (hereinafter also referred to as "Wi-Fi communication") by sending and receiving Protocol Data Units (PPDUs) in the form of Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP).

[0072] Each of these frequency bands can include multiple sub-bands or frequency channels. For example, PPDUs conforming to the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, and 802.11be standard revisions can be transmitted on 2.4 and 5 GHz bands, each divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. Therefore, these PPDUs are transmitted on physical channels with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MHz, but larger channels can be formed through channel bonding. For example, PPDUs conforming to the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, and 802.11be standard revisions can be transmitted on physical channels with bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 80+80 MHz, 160 MHz, 160+160 MHz, or 320 MHz by bonding two or more 20 MHz channels together, which can be allocated contiguously or non-contiguously. For example, IEEE 802.11n describes the use of up to two channels (for a combined 40MHz bandwidth) and defines a high-throughput (HT) transmission format. IEEE 802.11ac describes the use of up to eight channels (for a maximum combined 160MHz bandwidth) and defines a very high-throughput (VHT) transmission format. IEEE 802.11ax also supports a combined bandwidth of up to 160MHz (which can be a combination of up to eight channels, each 20MHz wide). IEEE 802.11be can support a combined bandwidth of up to 320MHz (which can be a combination of up to 16 channels, each 20MHz wide).

[0073] AP 302 and STA 304 in WLAN 300 can transmit PPDUs on unlicensed spectrum, which can be a portion of the spectrum including bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technologies (such as the 2.4 GHz band, 5 GHz band, 60 GHz band, and 900 MHz band). Some implementations of AP 302 and STA 304 described herein can also communicate in other bands (such as the 6 GHz band) that can support both licensed and unlicensed communication. AP 302 and STA 304 can also be configured to communicate on other bands, such as shared licensed bands, in which multiple operators can have licenses to operate in the same or overlapping bands.

[0074] Each PPDU is a composite structure comprising a PHY preamble, a PHY header, and a payload in the form of a PLCP Service Data Unit (PSDU). For example, a PSDU may include a PHY preamble and header (which may be referred to as a PLCP preamble and header) and one or more MAC Protocol Data Units (MPDUs). The information provided in the PHY preamble and header can be used by the receiving device to decode subsequent data in the PSDU. In the case of transmitting PPDUs on bonded channels, the preamble and header fields can be copied and transmitted in each of the multiple component channels. The PHY preamble can be used for packet detection, automatic gain control, channel estimation, and other purposes. The format, encoding, and information provided in the PHY header are based on the specific IEEE 802.11 protocol to be used for transmitting the payload and typically include signaling fields (such as SIG-A and SIG-B fields) that include the BSS and addressing information (such as BSS color and STA ID).

[0075] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram 400 illustrating example operations for establishing a PDU session to track network traffic on a specific router in WLAN 308. In WWAN 100, UE 120 can wirelessly connect to BS 110 or components of the BS (such as one or more of the Central Unit (CU), Distributed Unit (DU), or Radio Unit (RU) in a Decomposed RAN (D-RAN) or Open RAN (O-RAN) configuration), which can connect to the WWAN core network 414. In some implementations, BS 110 can be an example of a node or network entity of WWAN 100. In some implementations, UE 120 can be an example of a node or network entity of WWAN 100. WWAN core network 414 can connect to a data network 416, such as the Internet. BS 110 can be a gNB, and WWAN core network 414 can be a 5G core (5GC) network. UE 120 can connect to the first router 402 and the second router 404 of LAN 308 via wired or wireless connections. The first router 402 and the second router 404 can each be a wireless router that includes an access point (AP), such as in... Figure 3 AP 302 is described in the document. The first router 402 can be connected to STA 304A-C via a wired or wireless connection. The second router 404 can be connected to STA 304D-F via a wired or wireless connection. STA 304A-F can be various types of devices on the LAN, such as mobile phones, desktop computers, laptops, and game consoles.

[0076] UE 120 can provide access to WWAN 100 and data network 416 to STA 304A-F of LAN 308. In some implementations, UE 120 can be configured to have a different pseudo-data name network (DNN) for each router in LAN 308. For example, UE 120 can associate a first pseudo-DNN 418 with the first router 402 and a second pseudo-DNN 417 with the second router 404. Therefore, the first router 402 can use the first pseudo-DNN 418 to access WWAN 100, while the second router 404 can use the second pseudo-DNN 417 to access WWAN 100. UE 120 can also assign a first IP address 406 to the first router 402 and a second IP address 408 to the second router 404. Therefore, network services of the first router 402 can be associated with the first pseudo-DNN 418 and the first IP address 406. The network services of the second router 404 can be associated with the second pseudo-DNN 417 and the second IP address 408.

[0077] As described, UE 120 can assign IP addresses to each router in LAN 308. In some implementations, UE 120 can assign a first private IPv4 address to first router 402 and a second IPv4 address to second router 404. UE 120 can perform Network Address Translation (NAT) for network traffic to and from each router that has been assigned a private IPv4 address. In some implementations, UE 120 can assign a first globally routable IPv6 address to first router 402 and a second globally routable IPv6 address to second router 404. For example, UE 120 can share a first IPv6 prefix with first router 402 and a second IPv6 prefix with second router 404. First router 402 can determine the IPv6 IID to be combined with its IPv6 prefix, such as by using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC). Second router 404 can similarly determine the IPv6 IID for its IPv6 prefix.

[0078] In some implementations, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can assign IP addresses to STAs 304A-F on LAN 308. For example, the first router 402 can assign different private IPv4 addresses to each of STAs 304A-C. Similarly, the second router 404 can assign different private IPv4 addresses to each of STAs 304D-F. The first router 402 and the second router 404 can use Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign private IPv4 addresses. When STAs 304A-F have private IPv4 addresses, routers 402 and 404 can use NAT for network traffic to and from each of STAs 304A-F. In some implementations, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can assign different globally routable IPv6 addresses to STAs 304A-F. Each router can assign a globally routable IPv6 address to a STA by sharing an IPv6 prefix with the STA. For example, the first router 402 can share an IPv6 prefix with STA 304A (such as the IPv6 prefix assigned to the first router 402 by UE120). STA 304A can determine the IPv6 IID to be combined with the IPv6 prefix. For example, STA 304A can use SLAAC to determine the IPv6 IID to be combined with the IPv6 prefix to form a globally routable IPv6 address. When STA 304A-F has a globally routable IPv6 address, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can avoid performing NAT on network traffic to and from STA 304A-F.

[0079] After UE 120 assigns an IP address to a router, UE 120 can establish a different PDU session for each router in LAN 308. Each PDU session can be used to send network traffic from each router to the WWAN core network 414. Each PDU session can also be used to send network traffic from the WWAN core network 414 to each router. For example, to send network traffic from the first router 402 to the WWAN core network 414, UE 120 can establish a first PDU session 410. UE 120 can assign a first PDU session ID to the first PDU session 410. In some implementations, the WWAN core network 414 can provide 5GC user plane (UP) services and control plane (CP) services, which enables UE 120 to establish PDU sessions, such as the first PDU session 410. UE 120 can use the first PDU session 410 to send network traffic from the first router 402 to the WWAN core network 414. The WWAN core network 414 can then send this network traffic to the data network 416. As mentioned, the network service can be associated with a first IP address 406, a first pseudo-DNN 418, and a first PDU session ID. UE 120 can also establish a second PDU session 412 to send the network service from the second router 404 to the WWAN core network 420. This network service can originate from STA 304D-F. UE 120 can assign a second PDU session ID to the second PDU session 412. In some implementations, the WWAN core network 414 can provide 5GC user plane (UP) and control plane (CP) services, enabling UE 120 to establish the second PDU session 412. UE 120 can use the second PDU session 412 to send the network service from the second router 404 to the WWAN core network 414. The WWAN core network 414 can then send the network service to the data network 416. UE 120 can also use the second PDU session 412 to send the network service from the WWAN core network 420 to the second router 404. As mentioned, this network service can be associated with the second IP address 408, the second pseudo-DNN 417, and the second PDU session ID.

[0080] Since each router in LAN 308 can be associated with a unique public IP address and a distinct PDU session ID, the WWAN core network 414 can track network traffic used by each router in LAN 308. For example, the WWAN core network 414 may include a network traffic tracker 420 that tracks network traffic flowing to and from the first router 402 via the first PDU session 410. The network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information based on the network traffic associated with the first PDU session 410. The network traffic tracker 420 can aggregate the network traffic information for all PDU sessions associated with the first router 402. Therefore, the network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information that tracks all network traffic used by the first router 402. For example, the network traffic tracker can specifically generate billing information based on the network traffic information used by the first router 402. For example, the network traffic tracker 420 can generate bills for subscribers associated with the first router 402, where the bills are based on network traffic to and from the first router 402. The network traffic tracker can perform operations to generate network traffic information and billing information for any router on LAN 308. In some implementations, the WWAN core network 414 can leverage its ability to attribute network traffic to a specific router on LAN 308 for other purposes, such as tracking network performance and providing specific services to a specific router on LAN 308.

[0081] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram 500 illustrating example operation for tracking network traffic on a specific router using network slicing for WLAN 308. Network slicing is a network architecture that implements multiple virtualized and independent logical networks on the same physical network infrastructure, such as the WWAN core network 414 and BS 110. Each network slice can be an isolated end-to-end network supporting specific services, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-low latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (MMTC). Network slices can be created dynamically. Each network slice can be uniquely identified by a single Network Slice Selection Auxiliary Information (S-NSSAI). Figure 5 The LAN 308, WWAN 100, and data network 416 are shown, as per the reference. Figure 4 As described.

[0082] The STA304A-F can request access to WWAN 100. In response, the router can request access to WWAN 100 from UE 120. For example, the first router 402 can send a request to UE 120 for access to WWAN 100. This request may include DNN 506. In response, UE 120 can assign a first IP address 406 to the first router 402. The first IP address 406 can be a globally routable IP address, such as an IPv6 address. After assigning the first IP address 406, UE 120 can establish a first network slice for the first router 402. For example, UE 120 can establish a first network slice 502 for network services sent to and from the first router 402. The first network slice 502 can be associated with a first S-NSSAI 508, which uniquely identifies the first network slice 502. The first network slice 502 can also be associated with the first IP address 406 and DNN 506.

[0083] UE 120 can also assign a second IP address 408 to a second router 404. The second IP address 408 can be a globally routable IP address, such as an IPv6 address. After assigning the second IP address 408, UE 120 can establish a second network slice 504 for the second router 404. The second network slice 504 can be used for network services sent to and from the second router 404. The second network slice 504 can be associated with a second S-NSSAI 510, which uniquely identifies the second network slice 504. The second network slice 504 can also be associated with the second IP address 408 and the DNN 506.

[0084] Because each router in LAN 308 can be associated with a unique public IP address and a unique S-NSSAI, the WWAN core network 414 can track network traffic used by each router in LAN 308. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can track network traffic flowing to and from the first router 402 via the first network slice 502. Network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information based on the network traffic associated with the first network slice 502. Network traffic tracker 420 can aggregate network traffic information for all network slices associated with the first router 402. Therefore, network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information that tracks all network traffic used by the first router 402. Specifically, the network traffic tracker can generate billing information based on the network traffic information used by the first router 402. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can generate bills for subscribers associated with the first router 402, where the bills are based on network traffic to and from the first router 402. The network traffic tracker can perform operations to generate network traffic information and billing information for any router on WLAN 304. In some implementations, the WWAN core network 414 can leverage its ability to attribute network traffic to specific routers on LAN 308 for other purposes, such as tracking network performance and providing specific services to specific routers on LAN 308.

[0085] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram 600 illustrating an example operation of tracking network traffic on a specific router using various aspects of IPv6 addressing for a WLAN 308. Figure 6 The LAN 308, WWAN 100, and data network 416 are shown, as per the reference. Figure 4As described, IPv6 addresses are typically represented in 128-bit format. An IPv6 address may include an IPv6 prefix and an IPv6 IID. The length of the IPv6 prefix and IPv6 IID can vary. In some implementations, an IPv6 address may include a 64-bit IPv6 prefix and a 64-bit IPv6 IID. The WWAN core network 414 can configure UE 120 with a partial prefix indicating the range of IPv6 prefixes that can be assigned to routers on LAN 308. For example, the WWAN core network 414 can send a partial prefix 602 to UE 120. The partial prefix can be of any suitable length, such as 60 bits. Assuming that partial prefix 602 may include 60 bits, UE 120 can determine the remaining 4 bits to form a unique 64-bit IPv6 prefix. After determining the unique 64-bit IPv6 prefix, UE 120 can assign the IPv6 prefix to routers on LAN 308. Partial prefix 602 allows UE 120 to determine a unique 64-bit prefix for each router on LAN 308. Therefore, routers in LAN 308 do not need to share IP addresses. In this example, the partial prefix is ​​60 bits. Using the 60-bit partial prefix, UE 120 can derive sixteen unique IPv6 prefixes. Although this example describes a 60-bit partial prefix, the partial prefix can be of any suitable length. In some implementations, the length of the partial prefix can be chosen based on the number of routers connected to UE 120. For example, LAN 308 includes only two routers (Router 402 and Router 404), so a 63-bit partial prefix would allow UE 120 to assign distinct unique IPv6 prefixes to each of Router 402 and Router 404.

[0086] As mentioned, the STA304A-F can request access to WWAN 100. In response, the router can request access to WWAN 100 from UE 120. For example, the first router 402 can send a request to connect to UE 120. In response, UE 120 can determine a first IPv6 prefix 604 based on a partial prefix 602 received from the WWAN core network 414. UE 120 can assign the first IPv6 prefix 604 to the first router 402. In some implementations, UE 120 can assign the first IPv6 prefix 604 via router advertisement or DHCPv6. The first router 402 can also determine an IPv6 IID to form a first IPv6 address. In some implementations, the first router can use SLAAC or DHCPv6 to determine the IPv6 IID. The first IPv6 address may include the first IP prefix 604 and the IPv6 IID. Network services sent to and from the first router 402 may be associated with the first IPv6 prefix 604 or the first IPv6 address with a unique IPv6 prefix (first IPv6 prefix 604) or both.

[0087] The second router 404 can send a request to the UE 120 for access to the WWAN 100. In response, the UE 120 can determine a second IPv6 prefix 606 based on a portion of the prefix 602 received from the WWAN core network 414. The UE 120 can assign the second IP prefix 606 to the second router 404. The second router 404 can determine the IPv6 IID to form a second IPv6 address. In some implementations, the first router can use SLAAC or DHCPv6 to determine the IPv6 IID. The first IPv6 address may include the second IP prefix 606 and the IPv6 IID. Network traffic sent to and from the second router 404 can be associated with the second IPv6 prefix 606 or a second IPv6 address with a unique IPv6 prefix (second IPv6 prefix 606) or both.

[0088] In some implementations, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can assign private IP addresses to STA304A-F. For example, the first router 402 can assign different private IP addresses to each of STA 304A-C. Similarly, the second router 404 can assign different private IP addresses to each of STA 304D-F. In some implementations, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can use DHCP or SLAAC to assign private IP addresses. When STA304A-F has private IP addresses, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can use NAT for network traffic to and from each of STA 304A-F.

[0089] Since each router in LAN 308 can be associated with a unique IPv6 address based on a unique IPv6 prefix, the WWAN core network 414 can track network traffic for each router in LAN 308. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can track network traffic flowing to and from the first IPv6 prefix 604 associated with the first router 402. Network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information based on the network traffic associated with the first IPv6 prefix 604. Network traffic tracker 420 can aggregate the network traffic information associated with the first IPv6 prefix 604. Therefore, network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information that tracks all network traffic for the first router 402. Specifically, the network traffic tracker can generate billing information based on the network traffic information for the first router 402. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can generate bills for subscribers associated with the first router 402, where the bills are based on network traffic to and from the first router 402. The network traffic tracker can perform operations to generate network traffic information and billing information for any router on LAN 308. In some implementations, the WWAN core network 414 can leverage its ability to attribute network traffic to a specific router on LAN 308 for other purposes, such as tracking network performance and providing specific services to a specific router on LAN 308.

[0090] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram 700 illustrating an example operation of tracking network traffic on a specific router using various aspects of IPv6 addressing for a WLAN 308. Figure 7 The LAN 308, WWAN 100, and data network 416 are shown, as per the reference. Figure 4As described, as mentioned, IPv6 addresses are represented in 128-bit units. An IPv6 address includes an IPv6 prefix and an IPv6 IID. The length of the IPv6 prefix and IPv6 IID can vary. In some implementations, an IPv6 address may include a 64-bit IPv6 prefix and a 64-bit IPv6 IID.

[0091] The WWAN core network 414 can configure UE 120 to have an IPv6 prefix 702 (such as a 64-bit IPv6 prefix) to be assigned to each router in LAN 308. UE 120 can determine a unique LAN ID for each router. The LAN ID can be an n-bit string (e.g., a 4-bit string) to be used as the first n bits of the IPv6 IID. UE 120 can assign the 64-bit IPv6 prefix 702 and a distinct unique LAN ID to each router in LAN 308. For example, the UE can assign the 64-bit IPv6 prefix 702 and a first unique LAN ID 704 to the first router 402. As mentioned, the LAN ID can be used as the first n bits (e.g., 4 bits) of the IPv6 IID for the first router 402. The first router 402 can use DHCPv6 or SLAAC to determine the remaining bits (e.g., the remaining 60 bits) of its unique IPv6 IID. Therefore, the first router 402 can have an IPv6 address that includes the IPv6 prefix 702 and the first LAN ID 704. While this example describes a 4-bit LAN ID, a LAN ID can be of any suitable length. In some implementations, the length of the LAN ID can be chosen based on the number of routers connected to the UE 120. For example, LAN 308 includes only two routers (first router 402 and second router 404), so a 1-bit LAN ID would allow the UE 120 to assign distinct and unique LAN IDs to each of the first router 402 and the second router 404.

[0092] The UE can also assign a 64-bit IPv6 prefix 702 and a second LAN ID 706 to the second router 404. As mentioned, the LAN ID can be used as the first n bits (such as 4 bits) of the second router 404's IPv6 IID. The second router 404 can use DHCPv6 or SLAAC to determine the remaining bits (such as the remaining 60 bits) of its unique IPv6 IID. Therefore, the second router 404 can have an IPv6 address that includes the IPv6 prefix 702 and the second LAN ID 706.

[0093] Since each router in LAN 308 can be associated with a unique LAN ID, the WWAN core network 414 can track network traffic used by each router in LAN 308. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can track network traffic flowing to and from the first LAN ID 704 associated with the first router 402. Network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information based on the network traffic associated with the first LAN ID 704. Network traffic tracker 420 can aggregate the network traffic information associated with the first LAN ID 704. Therefore, network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information that tracks all network traffic used by the first router 402. Specifically, the network traffic tracker can generate billing information based on the network traffic information used by the first router 402. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can generate bills for subscribers associated with the first router 402, where the bills are based on network traffic to and from the first router 402. The network traffic tracker can perform operations to generate network traffic information and billing information for any router on LAN 308. In some implementations, the WWAN core network 414 can leverage its ability to attribute network traffic to a specific router on LAN 308 for other purposes, such as tracking network performance and providing specific services to a specific router on LAN 308.

[0094] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram 800 illustrating an example operation of using tunneling to track network traffic on a specific router for WLAN 308. Figure 8 The LAN 308, WWAN 100, and data network 416 are shown, as per the reference. Figure 4 As described. Figure 8 Also shown is a UE 120 including a tunnel client 822 and a tunnel server 820 connected to the WWAN core network 414 via a wired or wireless connection. In some implementations, the UE 120 utilizes the tunnel client 822 to perform operations for sending and receiving network services over the tunnel, as described herein.

[0095] UE 120 can establish tunnels with tunnel server 820. To track network traffic on LAN 308, UE 120 can use a separate instance of the tunnel for each router on LAN 308. For example, UE 120 can send network traffic from first router 402 to WWAN 100 through first tunnel instance 810. UE 120 can also send network traffic from second router 404 to WWAN 100 through second tunnel instance 811. Network traffic sent through each tunnel instance can be associated with a unique tunnel instance ID. Each tunnel instance ID can be associated with a specific router on LAN 308. For example, all network traffic sent through first tunnel instance 810 can be associated with first tunnel instance ID 830, and all network traffic sent through second tunnel instance 811 can be associated with second tunnel instance ID 832. UE 120 or WWAN core network 414 can store tunnel information indicating the association between first tunnel instance ID 830 and first router 402, and second tunnel instance ID 832 and second router 404. As various network services are transmitted through the WWAN core network 414, the network service tracker 420 can attribute a portion of the network service to a specific router in LAN 308 based on the tunnel instance ID associated with the network service.

[0096] Before routers on LAN 308 utilize tunnels, UE 120 can assign IP addresses to each router on LAN 308. For example, UE 120 can assign a first IP address 406 to the first router 402 and a second IP address 408 to the second router 404. In some implementations, the first IP address 406 and the second IP address 408 are private IPv4 addresses. For the private IPv4 addresses, UE 120 can perform NAT on network traffic to and from each router that has been assigned a private IPv4 address. In some implementations, the first IP address 406 and the second IP address 408 are globally routable IPv6 addresses. For example, UE 120 can share a first IPv6 prefix with the first router 402 and a second IPv6 prefix with the second router 404. The first router 402 can select, identify, or determine the IPv6 IID to be combined with its IPv6 prefix, such as by using SLAAC or DHCPv6. The second router 404 can similarly select, identify, or determine the IPv6 IID used for its IPv6 prefix.

[0097] In some implementations, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can assign IP addresses to STAs 304A-F on LAN 308. For example, the first router 402 can assign different private IPv4 addresses to each of STAs 304A-C. Similarly, the second router 404 can assign different private IPv4 addresses to each of STAs 304D-F. The first router 402 and the second router 404 can use DHCP to assign private IPv4 addresses. When STAs 304A-F have private IPv4 addresses, routers 402 and 404 can use NAT for network traffic to and from each of STAs 304A-F. In some implementations, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can assign different globally routable IPv6 addresses to STAs 304A-F. Each router can assign a globally routable IPv6 address to a STA by sharing an IPv6 prefix with the STA. For example, the first router 402 can share an IPv6 prefix with STA 304A (such as the IPv6 prefix assigned to the first router 402 by UE 120). STA 304A can determine the IPv6 IID to be combined with the IPv6 prefix. For example, STA 304A can use SLAAC or DHCPv6 to determine the IPv6 IID to be combined with the IPv6 prefix to form a globally routable IPv6 address. When STA 304A-F has a globally routable IPv6 address, the first router 402 and the second router 404 can avoid performing NAT on network traffic to and from STA 304A-F.

[0098] After UE 120 has assigned IP addresses to the routers on LAN 308, UE 120 can establish a separate tunnel instance for each router. UE 120 can utilize any suitable tunneling protocol, such as Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunneling protocol or IP-in-IP (IP in IP) tunneling protocol. For example, UE 120 can create a first tunnel instance ID 830 for a first tunnel instance 810 associated with the first router 402. UE 120 can also create a second tunnel instance ID 832 for a second tunnel instance 811 associated with the second router 404. When UE 120 receives network traffic from the routers on LAN 308, UE 120 can encapsulate the network traffic according to a tunneling protocol (such as GRE or IP-in-IP). For example, UE 120 can receive a first IP packet from the first router 402. UE 120 can encapsulate the first IP packet into an encapsulated packet 812. The encapsulated packet 812 may include an external header 821, a tunnel instance ID 814, a tunnel header 815, an internal IP header 816, and a payload 818. The external header 821 may include a source IP address (such as the IP address of UE 120) and the IP address of the tunnel server 820. The tunnel instance ID 814 may be a first tunnel instance ID 830 associated with the first tunnel instance and the first router 402. The tunnel header 815 may indicate the tunneling protocol (such as GRE) and information related to carrying network services through the tunnel (such as checksum information and sequence number information). The internal IP header 816 may include a source IP address (such as the IP address of router 402) and a destination IP address (such as an internet website address). The payload 818 may include the payload of a first IP packet received from the first router 402. UE 120 can transmit the encapsulated packet 812 to the WWAN core network 414 through the first tunnel instance 810. The WWAN core network 414 can send encapsulated packets 812 to the tunnel server 820 through the first tunnel instance 810. The tunnel server 820 can decapsulate the encapsulated packets 812 to form the original first IP packets and send the first IP packets to the destination address indicated in the inner IP header 816.

[0099] UE 120 can similarly perform the operations of receiving, generating, or creating encapsulated packets 812 for network services for the second router 404. UE 120 can send encapsulated packets associated with the second router 404 and the second tunnel instance ID 832 through the second tunnel 811.

[0100] UE 120 can decapsulate network traffic received from tunnel server 820. For example, UE 120 can receive encapsulated packets 812 from tunnel server 820 through first tunnel instance 810. UE 120 can decapsulate the encapsulated packets 812. For example, UE 120 can form IP packets by removing the outer IP header 821, tunnel ID 814, and tunnel header 816 from the encapsulated packets. UE 120 can then send the IP packets to first router 402, which can then send the IP packets to one of STA 304A-C. UE 120 can perform similar operations on encapsulated packets received through second tunnel instance 811.

[0101] Since each router in LAN 308 can be associated with a unique tunnel instance ID, the WWAN core network 414 can track network traffic used by each router in LAN 308. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can track network traffic flowing to and from the first router 402 based on the first tunnel instance ID 830. Network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information based on the network traffic associated with the first tunnel instance ID 830. Network traffic tracker 420 can aggregate the network traffic information associated with the first tunnel instance ID 830. Therefore, network traffic tracker 420 can generate network traffic information that tracks all network traffic used by the first router 402. The network traffic tracker can specifically generate billing information based on the network traffic information of the first router 402. For example, network traffic tracker 420 can generate bills for subscribers associated with the first router 402, where the bills are based on network traffic to and from the first router 402. The network traffic tracker can perform operations to generate network traffic information and billing information for any router on LAN 308. In some implementations, the WWAN core network 414 can leverage its ability to attribute network traffic to a specific router on LAN 308 for other purposes, such as tracking network performance and providing specific services to a specific router on LAN 308.

[0102] Figure 9 The process 900 illustrates example operations performed by a node for communication in a WWAN.

[0103] At box 910, the first node can assign the first public IP address to the first router of the LAN and assign the second public IP address to the second router of the LAN.

[0104] At box 920, the first node can send a first network service associated with a first public IP address via WWAN, and send a second network service associated with a second IP address via WWAN.

[0105] Figure 10 The process 1000 describes an example operation performed by a node for communication in a WWAN.

[0106] At box 1010, the first node can receive a first network service from a first Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with a first router of the LAN, and a second network service from a second IP address associated with a second router of the LAN.

[0107] At box 1020, the first node can send a first encapsulated packet to the second node via the WWAN, through the first tunnel instance of the tunnel, and send a second encapsulated packet to the second node via the second tunnel instance of the tunnel, wherein the IP address of the first node is the source IP address of the first encapsulated packet and the second encapsulated packet.

[0108] Figure 11 A block diagram 1101 of an example wireless communication device 1100 is shown. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 1100 may be provided in a UE (such as a reference UE). Figure 4-8 Examples of devices used in the described UE 120. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 1100 may be provided for use in a BS (such as reference BS). Figure 2 Examples of devices used in BS 110 described herein. Wireless communication device 1100 is capable of transmitting (or outputting for transmitting) wireless communication and receiving wireless communication.

[0109] The wireless communication device 1100 may be or may include a chip, a system-on-a-chip (SoC), a chipset, a package, or a device. The term "system-on-a-chip" (SoC) is used herein to refer to a set of interconnected electronic circuits that typically, but not exclusively, include one or more processors, memory, and communication interfaces. An SoC may include various types of processors and processor cores, such as general-purpose processors, central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), graphics processing units (GPUs), accelerated processing units (APUs), subsystem processors, auxiliary processors, single-core processors, and multi-core processors. An SoC may also include other hardware and combinations thereof, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), configuration and status registers (CSRs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other programmable logic devices, discrete gate logic, transistor logic, registers, performance monitoring hardware, watchdog hardware, counters, and time references. An SoC may be an integrated circuit (IC) configured such that the components of the IC reside on the same substrate (such as a monolithic semiconductor material, such as silicon).

[0110] The term "System-in-Package" (SIP) is used herein to refer to a single module or package that may contain multiple resources, computing units, cores, or processors on two or more IC chips, substrates, or SoCs. For example, a SIP may include a single substrate on which multiple IC chips or semiconductor dies are stacked in a vertical configuration. Similarly, a SIP may include one or more multi-chip modules (MCMs) on which multiple ICs or semiconductor dies are packaged into a unified substrate. A SIP may also include multiple independent SoCs coupled together via high-speed communication circuitry and tightly packaged, for example, on a single motherboard or a single wireless node. The proximity of the SoCs facilitates high-speed communication and the sharing of memory and resources.

[0111] The term "multi-core processor" is used herein to refer to a single IC chip or chip package containing two or more independent processing cores (e.g., CPU cores, IP cores, GPU cores, and other examples) configured to read and execute program instructions. A System-on-a-Chip (SoC) may include multiple multi-core processors, and each processor in the SoC may be referred to as a core. The term "multi-processor" may be used herein to refer to a system or device comprising two or more processing units configured to read and execute program instructions.

[0112] The wireless communication device 1100 may include one or more modems 1102. In some implementations, the one or more modems 1102 (collectively referred to as "modems 1102") may additionally include a WWAN modem (e.g., a 3GPP 4G LTE or 5G compliant modem). In some implementations, the wireless communication device 1100 may also include one or more radio units 1104 (collectively referred to as "radio units 1104"). In some implementations, the wireless communication device 1100 may also include one or more processors, processing blocks or processing elements 1106 (collectively referred to as "processors 1106") and one or more memory blocks or elements 1108 (collectively referred to as "memory 1108").

[0113] Modem 1102 may include smart hardware blocks or devices, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and other possibilities. Modem 1102 is typically configured to implement a PHY layer. For example, modem 1102 is configured to modulate packets and output modulated packets to radio unit 1104 for transmission over a wireless channel. Modem 1102 is similarly configured to receive modulated packets received by radio unit 1104 and demodulate the packets to provide demodulated packets. In addition to modulators and demodulators, modem 1102 may also include digital signal processing (DSP) circuitry, automatic gain control (AGC), encoders, decoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers. For example, when in transmit mode, data obtained from processor 1106 is provided to an encoder, which encodes the data to provide encoded bits. The encoded bits are mapped to points in a modulation constellation diagram (using a selected MCS) to provide modulated symbols. The modulated symbols can be mapped to NSS spatial streams or NSSTS space-time streams. Modulated symbols in the corresponding spatial or spatiotemporal streams can be multiplexed, transformed via an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block, and then fed to DSP circuitry for Tx windowing and filtering. Digital signals can be fed to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The resulting analog signals can be fed to an upconverter and ultimately to the radio unit 1104. In beamforming implementations, the modulated symbols in the corresponding spatial streams are pre-encoded via a guiding matrix before being fed to the IFFT block.

[0114] When in receive mode, the digital signal received from radio unit 1104 is provided to the DSP circuitry, which is configured to acquire the received signal, for example, by detecting the presence of the signal and estimating the initial timing and frequency offset. The DSP circuitry is also configured to digitally condition the digital signal, for example, using channel (narrowband) filtering, analog impairment conditioning (such as correcting I / Q imbalance), and applying digital gain, to ultimately obtain a narrowband signal. The output of the DSP circuitry can be fed to an AGC, which is configured to determine an appropriate gain using information extracted from the digital signal (e.g., in one or more received training fields). The output of the DSP circuitry is also coupled to a demodulator, which is configured to extract modulated symbols from the signal and, for example, calculate the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) for each bit position of each subcarrier in each spatial stream. The demodulator is coupled to a decoder, which can be configured to process the LLR to provide decoded bits. The decoded bits from all spatial streams are fed to a demultiplexer for demultiplexing. The demultiplexed bits can be descrambled and provided to the MAC layer (processor 1106) for processing, evaluation, or interpretation.

[0115] Radio unit 1104 typically includes at least one radio frequency (RF) transmitter (or “transmitter chain”) and at least one RF receiver (or “receiver chain”), which may be combined into one or more transceivers. For example, the RF transmitter and receiver may include various DSP circuits, each including at least one power amplifier (PA) and at least one low-noise amplifier (LNA). The RF transmitter and receiver may then be coupled to one or more antennas. For example, in some implementations, wireless communication device 1100 may include or be coupled to multiple transmit antennas (each with a corresponding transmit chain) and multiple receive antennas (each with a corresponding receive chain). Symbols output from modem 1102 are provided to radio unit 1104, which transmits the symbols via the coupled antennas. Similarly, symbols received via the antennas are acquired by radio unit 1104, which provides the symbols to modem 1102.

[0116] Processor 1106 may include intelligent hardware blocks or devices designed to perform the functions described herein, such as processing cores, processing blocks, central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. Processor 1106 processes information received via radio unit 1104 and modem 1102, and processes information to be output via modem 1102 and radio unit 1104 for transmission over a wireless medium. In some implementations, processor 1106 may typically control modem 1102 to cause the modem to perform various operations described throughout the document.

[0117] Memory 1108 may include tangible storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM), or combinations thereof. Memory 1108 may also store non-transitory processor or computer-executable software (SW) code containing instructions that, when executed by processor 1106, cause the processor to perform various operations described herein for wireless communication, including the generation, transmission, reception, and interpretation of MPDUs, frames, or packets. For example, the various functions of the components disclosed herein, or the various blocks or steps of the methods, operations, processes, or algorithms disclosed herein, may be implemented as one or more modules of one or more computer programs.

[0118] In some implementations, the processor 1106 and memory 1108 of the wireless communication device 1100 may be referred to as a processing system. A processing system can generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive input and process it to produce a set of outputs (which can be passed to other systems or components, such as one of the UEs 120 or one of the BSs 110). In some implementations, the processing system may include the processor 1106, the memory 1108, and one or more other components of the wireless communication device 1100 (such as a modem 1102).

[0119] In some implementations, the processing system of UE 120 can be interfaced with other components of UE 120 and can process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components, output information to other components, etc. For example, the chip or modem of UE 120 (such as wireless communication device 1100) may include a processing system, a first interface for receiving or acquiring information, and a second interface for outputting, transmitting, or providing information. In some cases, the first interface may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the receiver, allowing UE 120 to receive information or signal input, and the information can be transmitted to the processing system. In some cases, the second interface may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the transmitter, allowing UE 120 to transmit information output from the chip or modem. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the second interface can also acquire or receive information or signal input, and the first interface can also output, transmit, or provide information.

[0120] In some implementations, the processing system of BS 110 can be interfaced with other components of BS 110 and can process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components, output information to other components, etc. For example, the chip or modem of BS 110 (such as wireless communication device 1100) may include a processing system, a first interface for receiving or acquiring information, and a second interface for outputting, transmitting, or providing information. In some cases, the first interface may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the receiver, allowing BS 110 to receive information or signal input, and information can be transmitted to the processing system. In some cases, the second interface may refer to the interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and the transmitter, allowing BS 110 to transmit information output from the chip or modem. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the second interface can also acquire or receive information or signal input, and the first interface can also output, transmit, or provide information.

[0121] Figure 12 A block diagram 1200 of an example wireless node 1204 is shown. For example, wireless node 1204 may be an example implementation of UE 120 described herein. Wireless node 1204 includes a wireless communication device (WCA) 1215. For example, WCA 1215 may be a reference... Figure 11An example implementation of the described wireless communication device 1100. Wireless node 1204 also includes one or more antennas 1225 coupled to WCA 1215 for transmitting and receiving wireless communications. Wireless node 1204 also includes an application processor 1235 coupled to WCA 1215 and a memory 1245 coupled to application processor 1235. In some implementations, wireless node 1204 also includes a UI 1255 (such as a touchscreen or keypad) and a display 1265, which can be integrated with UI 1255 to form a touchscreen display. In some implementations, wireless node 1204 may also include one or more sensors 1275, such as one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitude sensors. Components described above can communicate directly or indirectly with other components via at least one bus. Wireless node 1204 also includes a housing that encloses at least a portion of WCA 1215, application processor 1235, memory 1245, and antennas 1225, UI 1255, and display 1265.

[0122] Figure 1-12 The operations described herein are examples intended to aid in understanding the exemplary implementations and should not be used to limit potential implementations or the scope of the claims. Some implementations may perform additional operations, fewer operations, operations in parallel or in a different order, and some operations in different ways.

[0123] The foregoing disclosure provides illustrations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in accordance with the foregoing disclosure, or modifications and variations may be derived from practice with respect to the aspects. While aspects of this disclosure have been described with reference to various examples, any combination of aspects from any of these examples is also within the scope of this disclosure. The examples in this disclosure are provided for pedagogical purposes. Alternatively, or in addition to the other examples described herein, the examples include any combination of the following implementation options.

[0124] Clause 1. One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for communication performed by a first node. The method may include: assigning a first public IP address to a first router of a LAN, and assigning a second public IP address to a second router of the LAN. The method may further include: transmitting a first network service associated with the first public IP address via a WWAN, and transmitting a second network service associated with the second public IP address via the WWAN.

[0125] Clause 2, the method according to Clause 1, wherein the first node is a modem of the UE of the WWAN.

[0126] Clause 3. The method described in any one or more of Clauses 1-2 further includes: configuring a first pseudo-DNN for the first router and a second pseudo-DNN for the second router.

[0127] Clause 4. The method described in any one or more of Clauses 1-3, wherein the WWAN is a 5G NR network and the LAN is a WLAN.

[0128] Clause 5. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 1-4 further comprises: establishing a first PDU session for the first public IP address and a second PDU session for the second public IP address, wherein the first network service is exchanged via the first PDU session through the WWAN, and the second network service is exchanged via the second PDU session through the WWAN.

[0129] Clause 6. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 1-5 further includes: configuring a first pseudo DNN for the first router and a second pseudo DNN for the second router, wherein the first PDU session for the first public IP address is associated with the first pseudo DNN, and the second PDU session for the second public IP address is associated with the second pseudo DNN.

[0130] Clause 7. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 1-6 further comprises: establishing a first network slice of the WWAN for the first public IP address and a second network slice of the WWAN for the second public IP address, wherein the first network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the first network slice and the second network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the second network slice.

[0131] Clause 8. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 1-7, wherein the first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The method may further include: configuring one or more bits of a first IPv6 prefix of the first IPv6 address; and configuring one or more bits of a second IPv6 prefix of the second IPv6 address. The method may further include: generating the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix; and generating the second IPv6 address including the second IPv6 prefix.

[0132] Clause 9. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 1-8, wherein the first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The method may further include: receiving a first IPv6 prefix from a second node of the WWAN; and configuring one or more bits of a first IPv6 IID for the first IPv6 address. The method may further include: configuring one or more bits of a second IPv6 IID for the second IPv6 address. The method may further include: generating the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix and the first IID. The method may further include: generating the second IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix and the second IID.

[0133] Clause 10. Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method for communication performed by a first node. The method may include: receiving a first network service from a first IP address associated with a first router of the LAN, and receiving a second network service from a second IP address associated with a second router of the LAN. The method may further include: sending a first encapsulated packet to a second node via a WWAN, through a first tunnel instance of the tunnel, and sending a second encapsulated packet to the second node via a second tunnel instance of the tunnel. The IP address of the first node may be the source IP address of both the first encapsulated packet and the second encapsulated packet.

[0134] Clause 11, the method according to Clause 10, wherein the second node includes a tunnel server.

[0135] Clause 12. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 10-11 further comprises: encapsulating the first network service to generate the first encapsulated packet, wherein encapsulating the first network service includes encapsulating the first network service within a first GRE packet, each including a first identifier for the first router. The method may further comprise: encapsulating the second network service to generate the second encapsulated packet, wherein encapsulating the second network service includes encapsulating the second network service within a second GRE packet, each including a second identifier for the second router.

[0136] Clause 13. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 10-12 further includes: determining a first quantity of the first network service based on the first identifier and determining a second quantity of the network service based on the second identifier.

[0137] Clause 14. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 10-13 further comprises: decapsulating a third encapsulated packet received via the first tunnel instance to form a third network service; and sending the third network service to the first IP address of the first router.

[0138] Clause 15. The method according to any one or more of Clauses 10-14 further comprises: encapsulating the first network service to generate the first encapsulated packet, wherein encapsulating the first network service includes encapsulating the first network service within a first IP packet, each including a first identifier for the first router. The method may further comprise: encapsulating the second network service to generate the second encapsulated packet, wherein encapsulating the second network service includes encapsulating the second network service within a second IP packet, each including a second identifier for the second router.

[0139] Clause 16. Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for a first node in wireless communication. The apparatus may include one or more processors configured to assign a first public IP address to a first router of a LAN and a second public IP address to a second router of the LAN. The apparatus may also include one or more interfaces configured to transmit a first network service associated with the first public IP address via a WWAN and a second network service associated with the second public IP address via the WWAN.

[0140] Clause 17. The apparatus described in any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and Clause 16, wherein the first node is a modem of the UE of the WWAN.

[0141] Clause 18. The apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-17, wherein the one or more processors may further be configured to: configure a first pseudo-DNN for the first router and a second pseudo-DNN for the second router.

[0142] Clause 19. The apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-18, wherein the one or more interfaces may further be configured to: receive from the first router a first request for connecting to the WWAN, wherein the first request includes the first pseudo-DNN. The one or more interfaces may further be configured to: receive from the second router a second request for connecting to the WWAN, wherein the second request includes the second pseudo-DNN.

[0143] Clause 20. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-19, wherein the WWAN is a 5G NR network and the LAN is a WLAN.

[0144] Clause 21. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-20, wherein the one or more processors may be configured to: establish a first PDU session for the first public IP address and a second PDU session for the second public IP address, wherein the first network service may be exchanged via the WWAN through the first PDU session, and the second network service may be exchanged via the WWAN through the second PDU session.

[0145] Clause 22. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-21, wherein the one or more processors may be configured to: configure a first pseudo DNN for the first router and a second pseudo DNN for the second router, and wherein the first PDU session for the first public IP address may be associated with the first pseudo DNN, and the second PDU session for the second public IP address may be associated with the second pseudo DNN.

[0146] Clause 23. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-22, wherein the first network service may be associated with a first PDU session ID, and the second network service may be associated with a second PDU session ID. The one or more processors may be configured to: determine a first quantity of the first network service based on the first PDU session ID, and determine a second quantity of the second network service based on the second PDU session ID.

[0147] Clause 24. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-23, wherein the first network service is associated with a first PDU session ID, and the second network service is associated with a second PDU session ID. The one or more processors may be configured to: determine a first quantity of the first network service based on the first PDU session ID, and determine a second quantity of the second network service based on the second PDU session ID.

[0148] Clause 25. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-24, wherein the first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The one or more processors may be configured to: configure one or more bits of a first IPv6 prefix of the first IPv6 address; and configure one or more bits of a second IPv6 prefix of the second IPv6 address. The one or more processors may be configured to: generate the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix; and generate the second IPv6 address including the second IPv6 prefix.

[0149] Clause 26. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-25, wherein the first public IP address is a first IPv6 address and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The one or more interfaces may be configured to receive, from a second node on the WWAN, a first partial prefix associated with the first public IP address and a second partial prefix associated with the second public IP address. The one or more processors may be configured to configure one or more bits of the first partial prefix and one or more bits of the second partial prefix.

[0150] Clause 27. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 1-9 and 16-26, wherein the first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The one or more interfaces may be configured to: receive a first IPv6 prefix from a second node of the WWAN. The one or more processors may be configured to: configure one or more bits of a second IPv6 IID for the second IPv6 address. The one or more processors may be configured to: generate a first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix and the first IID; and generate a second IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix and the second IID.

[0151] Clause 28. Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus for a first node of wireless communication. The apparatus may include one or more processors configured to implement the wireless communication. The apparatus may also include one or more interfaces configured to receive a first network service from a first IP address associated with a first router of a LAN, and to receive a second network service from a second IP address associated with a second router of the LAN. The one or more interfaces may also be configured to send a first encapsulated packet to a second node via a WWAN, via a first tunnel instance of the tunnel, and to send a second encapsulated packet to the second node via a second tunnel instance of the tunnel, wherein the IP address of the first node is the source IP address of both the first encapsulated packet and the second encapsulated packet.

[0152] Clause 29. The apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 10-15 and 28, wherein the second node includes a tunnel server.

[0153] Clause 30. An apparatus according to any one or more of Clauses 10-15 and 28-29, wherein the one or more processors may be configured to: encapsulate the first network service to generate the first encapsulated packet, wherein encapsulating the first network service includes encapsulating the first network service within a first Internet Protocol (IP) packet, each including a first identifier for the first router. The one or more processors may also be configured to: encapsulate the second network service to generate the second encapsulated packet, wherein encapsulating the second network service includes encapsulating the second network service within a second IP packet, each including a second identifier for the second router.

[0154] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented using hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase "based on" is intended to be interpreted broadly as meaning "at least partially based on".

[0155] This article describes several aspects in conjunction with thresholds. As used in this article, satisfying a threshold can refer to a value that is greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold.

[0156] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” or “one or more of” in a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including a single member. For example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover the following possibilities: only a, only b, only c, a combination of a and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, and a combination of a, b, and c.

[0157] The various illustrative components, logic, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the implementations disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or a combination of hardware, firmware, or software (including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents). The interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been generally described in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0158] Hardware and data processing apparatuses for implementing the various illustrative components, logic, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some implementations, specific processes, operations, and methods may be performed by circuitry specific to a given function.

[0159] As described above, in some aspects, implementations of the subject matter described herein can be implemented as software. For example, the various functions of the components disclosed herein, or the various blocks or steps of the methods, operations, processes, or algorithms disclosed herein, can be implemented as one or more modules of one or more computer programs. Such computer programs may include non-transitory processor or computer-executable instructions encoded on one or more tangible processors or computer-readable storage media for execution by or control of the operation of a data processing apparatus including components of the devices described herein. By way of example, and not limitation, such storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store program code in the form of instructions or data structures. Combinations of the foregoing should also be included within the scope of storage media.

[0160] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but are given the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles disclosed herein, and the novel features.

[0161] Furthermore, certain features described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, individual features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple implementations. Thus, although features may be described above as functioning in a particular combination and even initially claimed in this way, in some cases, one or more features from the claimed combination can be removed from that combination, and the claimed combination may involve sub-combinations or variations thereof.

[0162] Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as requiring such operations to be performed in the shown specific order or sequence, or performing all shown operations to achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the drawings may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts or schematic diagrams. However, other operations not depicted may be incorporated into the schematically illustrated example processes. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the illustrated operations. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of the various system components in the implementations described above should not be construed as requiring such separation in all implementations, but rather it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims may be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result.

Claims

1. A method for communication performed by a first node, comprising: The first node establishes the first connection to the Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN); The first node establishes a second connection to a first router in the local area network (LAN) and a third connection to a second router in the LAN, wherein the first router serves a first sub-LAN in the LAN that includes a first plurality of LAN devices, the second router serves a second sub-LAN in the LAN that includes a second plurality of LAN devices, and the first sub-LAN and the second sub-LAN are separate from each other; The first node assigns a first public Internet Protocol (IP) address to the first router in the LAN, and assigns a second public IP address to the second router in the LAN; The first node establishes either a first Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session for the first router or a first network slice for the first router, wherein the first PDU session or the established one in the first network slice is associated with the first public IP address; The first node establishes either a second PDU session for the second router or a second network slice for the second router, wherein the established second PDU session or the established second network slice is associated with the second public IP address; and For the first plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, a first network service associated with the first public IP address is exchanged via the WWAN through either the first PDU session or the first network slice; and for the second plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, a second network service associated with the second public IP address is exchanged via the WWAN through either the second PDU session or the second network slice.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first node is the modem of the user equipment (UE) of the WWAN.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Configure a first pseudo data name network (DNN) for the first router and a second pseudo DNN for the second router.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The WWAN is a 5G New Radio (NR) network, and the LAN is a Wireless LAN (WLAN).

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first node establishes a first PDU session with the WWAN for the first router and the first public IP address, and a second PDU session with the WWAN for the second router and the second public IP address. The first network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the first PDU session for the first plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, and the second network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the second PDU session for the second plurality of LAN devices in the LAN.

6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising: Configure a first pseudo data name network (DNN) for the first router and a second pseudo DNN for the second router, wherein the first PDU session for the first public IP address is associated with the first pseudo DNN, and the second PDU session for the second public IP address is associated with the second pseudo DNN.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first node establishes a first network slice of the WWAN for the first public IP address and a second network slice of the WWAN for the second public IP address. The first network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the first network slice, and the second network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the second network slice.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The method further includes: Configure one or more bits of the first IPv6 prefix of the first IPv6 address; Configure one or more bits of the second IPv6 prefix of the second IPv6 address; Generate the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix; and Generate the second IPv6 address that includes the second IPv6 prefix.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The method further includes: Receive the first IPv6 prefix from the second node of the WWAN; Configure one or more bits of the first IPv6 interface identifier (IID) for the first IPv6 address; Configure one or more bits of the second IPv6 IID for the second IPv6 address; Generate the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix and the first IID; and Generate a second IPv6 address that includes the first IPv6 prefix and the second IPv6 IID.

10. A first node for wireless communication, comprising: A processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the first node to perform the following operations: The first node establishes the first connection to the Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN); The first node establishes a second connection to a first router in the local area network (LAN) and a third connection to a second router in the LAN, wherein the first router serves a first sub-LAN in the LAN that includes a first plurality of LAN devices, the second router serves a second sub-LAN in the LAN that includes a second plurality of LAN devices, and the first sub-LAN and the second sub-LAN are separate from each other; The first node assigns a first public Internet Protocol (IP) address to the first router in the LAN, and assigns a second public IP address to the second router in the LAN; The first node establishes either a first Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session for the first router or a first network slice for the first router, wherein the first PDU session or the established one in the first network slice is associated with the first public IP address; The first node establishes either a second PDU session for the second router or a second network slice for the second router, wherein the established second PDU session or the established second network slice is associated with the second public IP address; and For the first plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, a first network service associated with the first public IP address is exchanged via the WWAN through either the first PDU session or the first network slice; and for the second plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, a second network service associated with the second public IP address is exchanged via the WWAN through either the second PDU session or the second network slice.

11. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The first node is the modem of the user equipment (UE) of the WWAN.

12. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The processing system is configured as follows: Configure a first pseudo data name network (DNN) for the first router and a second pseudo DNN for the second router.

13. The first node according to claim 12, wherein, The processing system is configured as follows: A first request for connecting to the WWAN is obtained from the first router, wherein the first request includes the first pseudo-DNN, and A second request for connecting to the WWAN is obtained from the second router, wherein the second request includes the second pseudo-DNN.

14. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The WWAN is a 5G New Radio (NR) network, and the LAN is a Wireless LAN (WLAN).

15. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The processing system is configured as follows: The first node establishes a first PDU session with the WWAN for the first router and the first public IP address, and a second PDU session with the WWAN for the second router and the second public IP address. The first network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the first PDU session for the first plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, and the second network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the second PDU session for the second plurality of LAN devices in the LAN.

16. The first node according to claim 15, wherein, The processing system is configured as follows: Configure a first pseudo data name network (DNN) for the first router and a second pseudo DNN for the second router, wherein the first PDU session for the first public IP address is associated with the first pseudo DNN, and the second PDU session for the second public IP address is associated with the second pseudo DNN.

17. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The first network service is associated with a first PDU session identifier (ID), and the second network service is associated with a second PDU session ID, wherein the processing system is configured as follows: The first quantity of the first network service is determined based on the first PDU session ID, and the second quantity of the second network service is determined based on the second PDU session ID.

18. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The processing system is configured as follows: The first node establishes a first network slice of the WWAN for the first public IP address and a second network slice of the WWAN for the second public IP address. The first network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the first network slice, and the second network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the second network slice.

19. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address, wherein the processing system is configured as follows: Configure one or more bits of the first IPv6 prefix of the first IPv6 address; Configure one or more bits of the second IPv6 prefix of the second IPv6 address; Generate the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix; and Generate the second IPv6 address that includes the second IPv6 prefix.

20. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address, wherein the processing system is configured as follows: Obtain the first part prefix associated with the first public IP address and the second part prefix associated with the second public IP address from the second node on the WWAN; and Configure one or more bits of the first part of the prefix and one or more bits of the second part of the prefix.

21. The first node according to claim 10, wherein, The first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address, wherein the processing system is configured as follows: Obtain the first IPv6 prefix from the second node of the WWAN; Configure one or more bits of the second IPv6 IID for the second IPv6 address; Generate the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix and the first IID; and Generate a second IPv6 address that includes the first IPv6 prefix and the second IPv6 IID.

22. A first node for wireless communication, comprising: A unit for establishing a first connection to a wireless wide area network (WWAN) by the first node; A unit for establishing a second connection from the first node to a first router in a local area network (LAN) and a third connection to a second router in the LAN, wherein the first router serves a first sub-LAN in the LAN that includes a first plurality of LAN devices, the second router serves a second sub-LAN in the LAN that includes a second plurality of LAN devices, and the first sub-LAN and the second sub-LAN are separate from each other; A unit for assigning a first public Internet Protocol (IP) address to the first router in the LAN by the first node, and assigning a second public IP address to the second router in the LAN; A unit for establishing, by the first node, either a first Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session for the first router or a first network slice for the first router, wherein the first PDU session or the established one in the first network slice is associated with the first public IP address; A unit for establishing, by the first node, either a second PDU session for the second router or a second network slice for the second router, wherein the established second PDU session or the second network slice is associated with the second public IP address; and A unit for exchanging first network services associated with the first public IP address via the WWAN for the first plurality of LAN devices in the LAN via the first PDU session or one established in the first network slice, and for exchanging second network services associated with the second public IP address via the WWAN for the second plurality of LAN devices in the LAN via the second PDU session or one established in the second network slice.

23. The first node according to claim 22, further comprising: A unit for establishing, by the first node, the first network slice of the WWAN for the first public IP address and the second network slice of the WWAN for the second public IP address, wherein the first network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the first network slice and the second network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the second network slice.

24. The first node according to claim 22, wherein, The first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The first node also includes: A unit for configuring one or more bits of the first IPv6 prefix of the first IPv6 address; A unit for configuring one or more bits of the second IPv6 prefix of the second IPv6 address; A unit for generating the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix; and A unit for generating the second IPv6 address including the second IPv6 prefix.

25. The first node according to claim 22, wherein, The first public IP address is a first IPv6 address, and the second public IP address is a second IPv6 address. The first node also includes: A unit for receiving the first IPv6 prefix from the second node of the WWAN; A unit for configuring one or more bits of the first IPv6 interface identifier (IID) for the first IPv6 address; A unit for configuring one or more bits of a second IPv6 IID for the second IPv6 address; A unit for generating the first IPv6 address including the first IPv6 prefix and the first IID; and A unit for generating the second IPv6 address, which includes the first IPv6 prefix and the second IPv6 IID.

26. The first node according to claim 22, further comprising: A unit for establishing, by the first node, a first PDU session with the WWAN for the first router and the first public IP address, and a second PDU session with the WWAN for the second router and the second public IP address, wherein the first network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the first PDU session for the first plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, and the second network service is exchanged through the WWAN via the second PDU session for the second plurality of LAN devices in the LAN.

27. The first node according to claim 26, further comprising: A unit for configuring a first pseudo data name network (DNN) for the first router and a second pseudo DNN for the second router, wherein a first PDU session for the first public IP address is associated with the first pseudo DNN, and a second PDU session for the second public IP address is associated with the second pseudo DNN.

28. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication executed by a first node, said code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the following operations: The first node establishes the first connection to the Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN); A second connection to a first router in the local area network (LAN) and a third connection to a second router in the LAN are established by the first node, wherein, The first router serves a first sub-LAN of the LAN, which includes a first plurality of LAN devices, and the second router serves a second sub-LAN of the LAN, which includes a second plurality of LAN devices, and the first sub-LAN and the second sub-LAN are separate from each other; The first node assigns a first public Internet Protocol (IP) address to the first router in the LAN, and assigns a second public IP address to the second router in the LAN; The first node establishes either a first Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session for the first router or a first network slice for the first router, wherein the first PDU session or the established one in the first network slice is associated with the first public IP address; The first node establishes either a second PDU session for the second router or a second network slice for the second router, wherein the established second PDU session or the established second network slice is associated with the second public IP address; and For the first plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, a first network service associated with the first public IP address is exchanged via the WWAN through either the first PDU session or the first network slice; and for the second plurality of LAN devices in the LAN, a second network service associated with the second public IP address is exchanged via the WWAN through either the second PDU session or the second network slice.

29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein, The first node is the modem of the user equipment (UE) of the WWAN.

30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 28, wherein, The WWAN is a 5G New Radio (NR) network, and the LAN is a Wireless LAN (WLAN).

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