Photothermal hydrogen production device and photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of photo-thermal hydrogen production device and photo-thermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder, belong to bearing seat technical field, wherein photo-thermal hydrogen production device includes, reaction component, including feed member, first reactor with feed member pipeline connection, and the light-collecting member being set above first reactor, feed member is used to store and transports charcoal powder to first reactor, light-collecting member is used to gather sunlight on first reactor and heat charcoal powder in first reactor;Purification component includes purification member, purification member is connected with first reactor pipeline, purification member inputs water into first reactor, and purification member is suitable for receiving the mixed gas containing hydrogen generated after charcoal powder in first reactor reacts with water, and purification member is suitable for purifying hydrogen in mixed gas.Compared with first solar power generation, then with the electricity electrolysis water production hydrogen, energy utilization is higher, production cost is lower, and more environmental protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production technology, and in particular to a photothermal hydrogen production device and a photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the energy industry primarily uses solar power generation and water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, as well as water gasification. However, the utilization rate of solar power is generally low, mostly around 20%, resulting in low energy efficiency for water electrolysis. Consequently, the cost of electricity required for hydrogen production is high, leading to relatively low overall energy efficiency. On the other hand, water gasification requires a large heat source, typically derived from fossil fuels, resulting in significant carbon dioxide emissions and resource consumption. Furthermore, if charcoal powder is used to directly produce hydrogen, the resulting hydrogen contains excessively high levels of impurities, failing to meet production requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above and / or existing hydrogen production devices, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the problem to be solved by this invention is to address the high energy consumption caused by replacing solar power generation followed by water electrolysis to produce hydrogen.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photothermal hydrogen production device, comprising: a reaction component including a conveying component, a first reactor connected to the conveying component via a pipeline, and a concentrator disposed above the first reactor; the conveying component is used to store and convey charcoal powder into the first reactor, and the concentrator is used to concentrate sunlight onto the first reactor and heat the charcoal powder in the first reactor; and a purification component including a purification component connected to the first reactor via a pipeline, the purification component inputting water into the first reactor, and the purification component being adapted to receive a mixed gas containing hydrogen produced by the reaction of charcoal powder and water in the first reactor, the purification component being adapted to purify the hydrogen in the mixed gas.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production device of the present invention, the purification component includes a second reactor and a first gas-water conduit disposed between the first reactor and the second reactor. The first gas-water conduit is used to connect the first reactor and the second reactor, and the first gas-water conduit transfers water from the second reactor to the first reactor. The first gas-water conduit also transfers mixed gas from the first reactor to the second reactor, and the second reactor is used to perform coarse purification of the mixed gas.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production device of the present invention, the first gas-water conduit includes an inner tube and an outer tube, the inner tube and the outer tube are coaxially arranged, the inner diameter of the inner tube is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube, a gap is provided between the inner tube and the outer tube, the inner tube is used to transport gas, and the gap between the inner tube and the outer tube is used to transport water.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production device of the present invention, the second reactor includes a cooling water pipe in a spiral shape; the first gas-water conduit includes a straight section and a spiral section, the spiral section having the same shape as the cooling water pipe and located inside the cooling water pipe, a receiving space being provided between the outer wall of the spiral section and the inner wall of the cooling water pipe for the flow of cooling water; and the inner wall of the spiral section being coated with copper oxide.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production device of the present invention, the purification component further includes a third reactor, the third reactor being provided with a second gas-water conduit, the second gas-water conduit being connected to the first gas-water conduit, the second gas-water conduit receiving the mixed gas after coarse purification by the second reactor, and the third reactor being used for secondary purification of the mixed gas after coarse purification.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production device of the present invention, it further includes a condenser, the second gas-water conduit is connected to the condenser, the top of the condenser is provided with a gas outlet, the interior of the condenser is provided with a condensation screen, the condensation screen divides the interior of the condenser into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the condensation screen is used to condense the mixed gas after secondary purification and generate condensate, and the lower chamber is used to collect the condensate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production device of the present invention, the outlet of the second reactor is provided with a first reflux pipe, which is connected to the gap between the inner and outer pipes of the straight section of the first gas-water conduit, and the first reflux pipe is provided with a first tee and a pressure reducing valve; the first gas-water conduit is also provided with a second reflux pipe, one end of which is connected to the gap between the inner and outer pipes of the straight section of the first gas-water conduit, and the other end of which is connected to the first reactor, and the second reflux pipe is provided with a second tee; the gap at the end of the first reflux pipe near the first reactor is closed, and the inner pipe at the end of the first reflux pipe near the first reactor is connected to the first reactor.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production device of the present invention, the reaction assembly further includes a feed pipe, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the feed component and the first reactor; the reaction assembly further includes an anti-clogging pipe, the feed pipe is disposed inside the anti-clogging pipe, the feed pipe and the anti-clogging pipe are coaxially arranged, the inner diameter of the feed pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the anti-clogging pipe, the inner wall of the anti-clogging pipe is provided with a plurality of baffles, the baffles are annular in shape, and the plurality of baffles are evenly arranged along the length direction of the anti-clogging pipe; the inner wall of the feed pipe is provided with a groove, an unlocking block is elastically installed in the groove, the bottom of the unlocking block is provided with a lever, the lever passes through the feed pipe, the anti-clogging pipe is connected to the second three-way connector pipe, the inner wall of the anti-clogging pipe is slidably installed with a switch piece, the switch piece is located at the connection between the anti-clogging pipe and the second three-way connector, and the switch piece is provided with a first wedge-shaped part, the bottom of the lever is provided with a second wedge-shaped part, the first wedge-shaped part and the second wedge-shaped part are fitted together.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this solar thermal hydrogen production device are as follows: by heating the charcoal powder and water in the first reactor through a concentrator, the charcoal powder and water react to generate a mixed gas containing hydrogen. Compared with first generating solar power and then using the generated electricity to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, the energy utilization rate is higher, the production cost is lower, and it is more environmentally friendly.

[0015] The second objective of this invention is to provide a photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder, which aims to solve the problem of how to produce high-purity hydrogen.

[0016] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder, comprising the above-mentioned photothermal hydrogen production device, and, in the reaction stage, heating charcoal powder and water by the photothermal effect of sunlight to generate a mixed gas containing hydrogen; and in the purification stage, purifying the mixed gas containing hydrogen multiple times to reduce the impurity content in the hydrogen.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder described in this invention, wherein:

[0018] The reaction phase includes:

[0019] Nitrogen gas is introduced into the first reactor to purge the air from the first reactor.

[0020] Water is injected into the first reactor, and then the concentrator focuses the light and heats the first reactor, converting the water in the first reactor into water vapor;

[0021] The conveying component injects charcoal powder into the first reactor, and the focusing component heats the first reactor to 1000°C. The charcoal powder and water vapor react to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

[0022] The purification stage includes:

[0023] In the crude purification process, a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and water vapor enters the second reactor through the first gas-water conduit. The first gas-water conduit located in the second reactor is cooled to 480°C, and under the catalysis of copper oxide, carbon monoxide and water vapor react to produce a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

[0024] After secondary purification, the mixed gas of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor enters the third reactor, and the second water pipe located in the third reactor is cooled to 20°C, and carbon dioxide and water vapor react to produce carbonic acid.

[0025] During condensation, hydrogen, water vapor, and carbonic acid enter the condenser. The hydrogen is discharged from the condenser, while the water and carbonic acid are collected in the lower chamber.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder are: by purifying the mixed gas containing hydrogen multiple times, the impurity content in the hydrogen is reduced and the purity of the hydrogen is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a solar thermal hydrogen production device.

[0029] Figure 2 A top view of the purification components of a photothermal hydrogen production unit.

[0030] Figure 3A cross-sectional view of the second reactor in the purification component of a photothermal hydrogen production unit.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a top view of a solar thermal hydrogen production unit.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the first gas-water conduit of a solar thermal hydrogen production unit.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the feed pipe of a solar thermal hydrogen production unit. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single embodiment or an embodiment selectively excluded from other embodiments.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Reference Figures 1-6 This is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a photothermal hydrogen production device, which includes a reaction component 100 and a purification component 200. The reaction component 100 is used to generate a mixed gas containing hydrogen, and the purification component 200 is used to purify the mixed gas containing hydrogen to finally obtain high-purity hydrogen.

[0039] Specifically, the reaction assembly 100 includes a conveying component 101, a first reactor 102, and a focusing component 103. The conveying component 101 stores charcoal powder and is pipe-connected to the first reactor 102, conveying the charcoal powder into the first reactor 102. The focusing component 103 is positioned above the first reactor 102. In this embodiment, the focusing component 103 is preferably a Fresnel lens with a size of one square meter. A one-square-meter Fresnel lens can focus sunlight, and the temperature at the focusing point can reach over 1000°C. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the material of the first reactor 102 is preferably quartz, which has the highest resistance to... At a temperature of 1600 degrees Celsius, a Fresnel lens focuses sunlight onto the first reactor 102 and heats the charcoal powder inside the first reactor 102. The purification component 200 includes a purification element 201, which is connected to the first reactor 102 via a pipeline. The purification element 201 inputs water into the first reactor 102, where the water generates water vapor. The water vapor reacts with the charcoal powder at 1000 degrees Celsius to generate a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The purification element 201 can also receive the mixed gas containing hydrogen generated after the reaction of charcoal powder and water in the first reactor 102, and then purify the hydrogen in the mixed gas.

[0040] When in use, Fresnel lenses are used to directly heat charcoal powder and water vapor, replacing water electrolysis for hydrogen production or heating with fossil fuels, which can improve energy utilization and reduce production costs.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Reference Figures 1-6 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which is based on embodiment 1.

[0043] Specifically, the purification unit 201 includes a second reactor 202 and a first gas-water conduit 203 disposed between the first reactor 102 and the second reactor 202. The first gas-water conduit 203 is used to connect the first reactor 102 and the second reactor 202. Water can flow through the second reactor 202, and the water in the second reactor 202 can be transferred to the first reactor 102 through the first gas-water conduit 203. The first gas-water conduit 203 can also transfer the mixed gas in the first reactor 102 to the second reactor 202. The second reactor 202 is used to perform coarse purification of the mixed gas, thereby reducing the impurity content in the mixed gas containing hydrogen.

[0044] Preferably, the first gas-water conduit 203 includes an inner tube 203a and an outer tube 203b, which are coaxially arranged. The inner tube 203a is disposed inside the outer tube 203b, and the inner diameter of the inner tube 203a is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube 203b. A gap 203c is provided between the inner tube 203a and the outer tube 203b. The inner tube 203a is used to transfer mixed gas from the first reactor 102 to the second reactor 202, and the gap 203c between the inner tube 203a and the outer tube 203b is used to transfer water from the second reactor 202 to the first reactor 102.

[0045] Preferably, the second reactor 202 includes a cooling water pipe 202a, which is spiral in shape; the first gas-water conduit 203 includes a straight portion 203d and a spiral portion 203e, the spiral portion 203e having the same shape as the cooling water pipe 202a. The straight portion 203d of the first gas-water conduit 203 is located between the first reactor 102 and the second reactor 202, while the spiral portion 203e of the first gas-water conduit 203 is located inside the cooling water pipe 202a. The diameter of the spiral portion 203e is smaller than the diameter of the cooling water pipe 202a, and a space is provided between the outer wall of the spiral portion 203e and the inner wall of the cooling water pipe 202a. The containment space is used for the circulation of cooling water. On the one hand, the cooling water in the containment space cools the mixed gas in the spiral section 203e to 480°C. On the other hand, the cooling water is heated by the high-temperature mixed gas in the spiral tube. The heated cooling water flows into the first reactor 102 through the gap 203c between the inner tube 203a and the outer tube 203b. The inner wall of the spiral section 203e is coated with copper oxide. The copper oxide plays a catalytic role in the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor at 480°C, and carbon monoxide and water vapor generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

[0046] Preferably, the purification component 201 further includes a third reactor 204, which has a second gas-water conduit 205. The third reactor 204 is also spiral-shaped, as is the second gas-water conduit 205. The diameter of the third reactor 204 is smaller than that of the second gas-water conduit 205. The second gas-water conduit 205 is connected to the first gas-water conduit 203. The second gas-water conduit 205 receives the mixed gas after coarse purification by the second reactor 202. The third reactor 204 is used to perform secondary purification on the coarsely purified mixed gas, thereby increasing the purity of hydrogen. There is also a space for accommodating cooling water between the inner wall of the third reactor 204 and the outer wall of the second gas-water conduit 205. The cooling water in this space lowers the temperature of the mixed gas in the second gas-water conduit 205 to 20°C. At 20°C, carbon dioxide and water vapor generate carbonic acid.

[0047] Preferably, it also includes a condenser 206, a second gas-water conduit 205 connected to the condenser 206, a gas outlet at the top of the condenser 206, and a condensation screen inside the condenser 206. The condensation screen divides the interior of the condenser 206 into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The condensation screen is used to condense the mixed gas after secondary purification and generate condensate. The condensate after secondary purification consists of hydrogen, water vapor, and some carbonic acid. The lower chamber is used to collect the condensate and carbonic acid.

[0048] Preferably, the outlet of the second reactor 202 is provided with a first reflux pipe 202b, which is connected to the gap 203c between the inner tube 203a and the outer tube 203b of the straight portion 203d of the first gas-water conduit 203. The first reflux pipe 202b is provided with a first tee head 202c and a pressure reducing valve 202d. The first gas-water conduit 203 is also provided with a second reflux pipe 203f, one end of which is connected to the gap 203c between the inner tube 203a and the outer tube 203b of the straight portion 203d of the first gas-water conduit 203. The other end of the second return pipe 203f is connected to the first reactor 102. The second return pipe 203f is provided with a second three-way connector 203g. The gap 203c of the end of the first return pipe 202b near the first reactor 102 is closed, so water cannot flow directly into the first reactor 102 from the left end of the first return pipe 202b. The inner pipe 203a of the end of the first return pipe 202b near the first reactor 102 is connected to the first reactor 102, so the mixed gas generated in the first reactor 102 can be discharged through the first return pipe 202b.

[0049] Furthermore, the reaction assembly 100 also includes a feed pipe 104, the two ends of which are connected to the feed member 101 and the first reactor 102, respectively. The reaction assembly 100 also includes an anti-clogging pipe 105, the feed pipe 104 is disposed inside the anti-clogging pipe 105, the feed pipe 104 and the anti-clogging pipe 105 are coaxially arranged, the inner diameter of the feed pipe 104 is smaller than the inner diameter of the anti-clogging pipe 105, and a plurality of baffles 106 are provided on the inner wall of the anti-clogging pipe 105. The baffles 106 are annular in shape and are evenly arranged along the length of the anti-clogging pipe 105. When water flows through the baffles 106, the inner wall of the anti-clogging pipe 105 will vibrate due to the water hammer effect. The vibration can be transmitted to the feed pipe 104, and the feed pipe 104 and the anti-clogging pipe 105 vibrate synchronously.

[0050] The inner wall of the conveying pipe 104 is provided with a groove 104a. An unlocking block 104b is elastically installed in the groove 104a by a spring. The unlocking block 104b can move downward under the pressure of the condensed charcoal powder. The bottom of the unlocking block 104b is provided with a lever 104c. The lever 104c passes through the conveying pipe 104. The anti-blocking pipe 105 is connected to the second three-way connector 203g. A pressure boosting valve (not shown in the figure) is also provided between the anti-blocking pipe 105 and the second three-way connector 203g. A switch piece 107 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the anti-blocking pipe 105. The switch piece 107 is located at the connection between the anti-blocking pipe 105 and the second three-way connector 203g. The switch piece 107 is provided with a first wedge-shaped part 107a. The bottom of the lever 104c is provided with a second wedge-shaped part 104c-1. The first wedge-shaped part 107a and the second wedge-shaped part 104c-1 fit together.

[0051] It is worth noting that when the solar thermal hydrogen production device is in a cold environment, the charcoal powder in the feed pipe 104 will condense due to the low temperature. Furthermore, the connection between the feed pipe 104 and the first reactor 102 will always be affected by the water vapor in the first reactor 102, which may cause the charcoal powder on the side of the feed pipe 104 closer to the first reactor 102 to condense as well.

[0052] When the charcoal powder in the conveying pipe 104 condenses and becomes blocked due to water vapor, low temperature, or other reasons, the unlocking block 104b is pressed by the condensed charcoal powder, causing the lever 104c to move closer to the switch piece 107. The second wedge-shaped part 104c-1 presses against the first wedge-shaped part 107a, causing the switch piece 107 to slide. At this time, the heated water flows into the anti-blocking pipe 105 through the second three-way head 203g. When the water flows in the anti-blocking pipe 105, the water flow can generate vibration in the anti-blocking pipe 105, causing the condensed charcoal powder to disperse. The water flow can also heat the charcoal powder in the conveying pipe 104. Heating the charcoal powder in the conveying pipe 104 when the ambient temperature is low can also improve the effect of the condensed charcoal powder dispersing again.

[0053] Using Fresnel lenses to directly focus sunlight and heat charcoal powder is a more efficient way to use energy than the traditional method of first generating electricity from sunlight and then electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen. Compared to using fossil fuels to heat charcoal powder, this method saves energy.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] Reference Figures 1-6 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which is based on Embodiments 1 and 2.

[0056] This embodiment provides a photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder, including...

[0057] S1: In the reaction stage, sunlight is focused through a Fresnel lens, and the heat of sunlight is used to heat charcoal powder and water to generate a mixed gas containing hydrogen.

[0058] S2: Purification stage, the mixed gas containing hydrogen is purified multiple times to reduce the impurity content in the hydrogen.

[0059] Specifically, S1 includes:

[0060] S101: Nitrogen gas is injected into the first reactor 102 through the first gas-water conduit 203 to expel the air in the first reactor 102 and prevent the charcoal powder from burning when it is heated.

[0061] S102: Water is then injected into the first reactor 102 through the second reactor 202 and the first gas-water conduit 203. Subsequently, the focusing element 103 focuses the light and heats the first reactor 102, and the water in the first reactor 102 is converted into water vapor.

[0062] S103: The conveying component 101 injects charcoal powder into the first reactor 102, and the focusing component 103 heats the first reactor 102 to 1000°C. The charcoal powder and water vapor react to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

[0063] S2 includes:

[0064] S201: Crude purification. A mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and water vapor enters the second reactor 202 through the first gas-water conduit 203. The first gas-water conduit 203 located in the second reactor 202 is cooled to 480°C. Under the catalysis of copper oxide, carbon monoxide and water vapor react to generate a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

[0065] S202: Secondary purification. A mixture of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor enters the third reactor 204, cooling the second water pipe in the third reactor 204 to 20°C. Carbon dioxide and water vapor react to produce carbonic acid.

[0066] S203: Condensation. Hydrogen, water vapor, and carbonic acid enter the condenser 206. Hydrogen is discharged from the condenser 206, and water and carbonic acid are collected in the lower chamber.

[0067] In use, carbon monoxide in the mixed gas is removed by coarse purification, carbon dioxide is removed by secondary purification, and water vapor is removed by condensation, ultimately yielding hydrogen with higher purity.

[0068] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photothermal hydrogen production device, characterized in that, include: The reaction assembly (100) includes a conveying component (101), a first reactor (102) connected to the conveying component (101) by a pipe, and a concentrator (103) disposed above the first reactor (102). The conveying component (101) is used to store and convey charcoal powder into the first reactor (102), and the concentrator (103) is used to concentrate sunlight onto the first reactor (102) and heat the charcoal powder in the first reactor (102). Purification component (200) includes purification element (201), which is connected to the first reactor (102) via a pipeline. The purification element (201) inputs water into the first reactor (102) and is adapted to receive a mixed gas containing hydrogen produced by the reaction of charcoal powder and water in the first reactor (102). The purification element (201) is adapted to purify the hydrogen in the mixed gas. The purification unit (201) includes a second reactor (202) and a first gas-water conduit (203) disposed between the first reactor (102) and the second reactor (202). The first gas-water conduit (203) is used to connect the first reactor (102) and the second reactor (202). The first gas-water conduit (203) transfers water from the second reactor (202) to the first reactor (102), and also transfers mixed gas from the first reactor (102) to the second reactor (202). The second reactor (202) is used to perform crude purification on the mixed gas. The second reactor (202) includes a cooling water pipe (202a) in a spiral shape; the first gas-water conduit (203) includes a straight section (203d) and a spiral section (203e), the spiral section (203e) having the same shape as the cooling water pipe (202a) and being located inside the cooling water pipe (202a), with a receiving space between the outer wall of the spiral section (203e) and the inner wall of the cooling water pipe (202a) for the flow of cooling water; the inner wall of the spiral section (203e) is coated with copper oxide. The purification unit (201) further includes a third reactor (204), which is provided with a second gas-water conduit (205). The second gas-water conduit (205) is connected to the first gas-water conduit (203). The second gas-water conduit (205) receives the mixed gas after coarse purification by the second reactor (202). The third reactor (204) is used to perform secondary purification on the mixed gas after coarse purification.

2. The photothermal hydrogen production apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first gas-water conduit (203) includes an inner tube (203a) and an outer tube (203b), which are coaxially arranged. The inner diameter of the inner tube (203a) is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer tube (203b). A gap (203c) is provided between the inner tube (203a) and the outer tube (203b). The inner tube (203a) is used to transport gas, and the gap (203c) between the inner tube (203a) and the outer tube (203b) is used to transport water.

3. The photothermal hydrogen production apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a condenser (206), the second gas-water conduit (205) is connected to the condenser (206), the top of the condenser (206) is provided with an outlet, the interior of the condenser (206) is provided with a condensation screen, the condensation screen divides the interior of the condenser (206) into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the condensation screen is used to condense the mixed gas after secondary purification and generate condensate, and the lower chamber is used to collect condensate.

4. The photothermal hydrogen production apparatus as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The outlet of the second reactor (202) is provided with a first reflux pipe (202b), which is connected to the gap (203c) between the inner tube (203a) and outer tube (203b) of the straight section (203d) of the first gas-water conduit (203). The first reflux pipe (202b) is provided with a first tee (202c) and a pressure reducing valve (202d). The first gas-water conduit (203) is also provided with a second reflux pipe (203f), one end of which is connected to the straight section (203d) of the first gas-water conduit (203). The gap (203c) between the inner tube (203a) and the outer tube (203b) of the second reflux pipe (203d) is connected, and the other end of the second reflux pipe (203f) is connected to the first reactor (102). The second reflux pipe (203f) is provided with a second three-way head (203g); and the gap (203c) at the end of the first reflux pipe (202b) near the first reactor (102) is closed, while the inner tube (203a) at the end of the first reflux pipe (202b) near the first reactor (102) is connected to the first reactor (102).

5. The photothermal hydrogen production apparatus as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The reaction assembly (100) further includes a feed pipe (104), the two ends of which are connected to the feed component (101) and the first reactor (102) respectively; the reaction assembly (100) further includes an anti-blocking pipe (105), the feed pipe (104) is disposed inside the anti-blocking pipe (105), the feed pipe (104) and the anti-blocking pipe (105) are coaxially arranged, the inner diameter of the feed pipe (104) is smaller than the inner diameter of the anti-blocking pipe (105), the inner wall of the anti-blocking pipe (105) is provided with a plurality of baffles (106), the baffles (106) are annular in shape, and the plurality of baffles (106) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the anti-blocking pipe (105); the inner wall of the feed pipe (104) is provided with a concave The groove (104a) has an unlocking block (104b) elastically installed inside it. The bottom of the unlocking block (104b) is provided with a lever (104c). The lever (104c) passes through the feed pipe (104). The anti-blocking pipe (105) is connected to the second three-way connector (203g). A switch piece (107) is slidably installed on the inner wall of the anti-blocking pipe (105). The switch piece (107) is located at the connection between the anti-blocking pipe (105) and the second three-way connector (203g). The switch piece (107) is provided with a first wedge-shaped part (107a). The bottom of the lever (104c) is provided with a second wedge-shaped part (104c-1). The first wedge-shaped part (107a) and the second wedge-shaped part (104c-1) fit together.

6. A photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder, using the photothermal hydrogen production device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, include: During the reaction stage, the charcoal powder and water are heated by the heat of sunlight to generate a mixed gas containing hydrogen. During the purification stage, the mixed gas containing hydrogen is purified multiple times to reduce the impurity content in the hydrogen.

7. The photothermal hydrogen production method based on charcoal powder as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The reaction phase includes: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the first reactor (102) to purge the air from the first reactor (102); Water is injected into the first reactor (102), and then the focusing element (103) focuses the light and heats the first reactor (102), converting the water in the first reactor (102) into water vapor; The feeding component (101) injects charcoal powder into the first reactor (102), and the focusing component (103) heats the first reactor (102) to 1000°C. The charcoal powder and water vapor react to generate a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The purification stage includes: In the crude purification process, a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and water vapor enters the second reactor (202) through the first gas-water conduit (203). The first gas-water conduit (203) located in the second reactor (202) is cooled to 480°C, and under the catalysis of copper oxide, carbon monoxide and water vapor react to generate a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. After secondary purification, the mixed gas of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor enters the third reactor (204), and the second water pipe in the third reactor (204) is cooled to 20°C, and carbon dioxide and water vapor react to produce carbonic acid. During condensation, hydrogen, water vapor, and carbonic acid enter the condenser (206), hydrogen is discharged from the condenser (206), and water and carbonic acid are collected in the lower chamber.

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