Quick-change system for loading and unloading machinery and quick-change method for loading and unloading machinery

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of construction machinery, providing a quick-change system and method for loading and unloading excavators. The excavator includes at least two individual locking devices and a control device. This configuration uses individual locking devices instead of traditional bolt fastening. The control device automatically switches each individual locking device between locked and unlocked states, allowing for quick loading and unloading of the excavator and its loader. This creates a fast, efficient, and multifunctional loading and unloading matching mechanism, enabling rapid switching between the excavator's loading and unloading configurations. This makes it suitable for all working conditions, expanding the excavator's application scenarios, enhancing product competitiveness, and improving economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering machinery technology, and in particular to a quick-change system and method for loading and unloading work machinery, and work machinery. Background Technology

[0002] Excavators are classified into different models based on their upper and lower carriage travel methods, including wheeled excavators, boat-type excavators, tracked excavators, rail excavators, and backhoe loaders. Currently, the upper and lower carriages of excavators are typically fixed together with bolts, making the excavator's upper and lower carriages a single unit.

[0003] However, the bolt-fastened mounting and dismounting mechanism of excavators severely limits their operating environment and usage locations in actual production and application. A single excavator can only be used under its traditionally defined working conditions; for example, a tracked excavator cannot replace a ship-mounted excavator in its working conditions. This undoubtedly leads to a waste of production resources. An excavator can only be used in limited scenarios, failing to achieve multi-condition matching and use. Existing excavators suffer from severe homogenization and insufficient market competitiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a quick-change system and method for loading and unloading work machinery, as well as the work machinery itself, to at least solve one of the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a quick-change system for loading and unloading work machinery, comprising:

[0006] At least two individual locking devices are provided between the upper and lower parts of the working machine. Each individual locking device is distributed circumferentially along the lower part of the machine. The individual locking devices are used to lock and unlock the upper and lower parts of the machine, and the individual locking devices can switch between the locked state and the unlocked state.

[0007] A control device is used to control each of the individual locking devices to switch between the locked state and the unlocked state.

[0008] According to the quick-change system for loading and unloading machinery provided by the present invention, the individual locking device includes:

[0009] The first locking mechanism includes a first telescopic member and a first slot that are adapted to each other. One of the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle is provided with the first telescopic member and the other is provided with the first slot. The first telescopic member is slidably connected in the first slot and moves along the height direction of the working machinery.

[0010] The second locking mechanism includes a second telescopic member and a second slot that are adapted to each other. The second telescopic member is disposed on the side wall of the first slot, and the second slot is correspondingly disposed on the side wall of the first telescopic member. The second telescopic member is slidably connected in the second slot, and the second telescopic member moves along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the first telescopic member.

[0011] In the locked state, the first telescopic member extends into the first slot, and the second telescopic member extends into the second slot; in the unlocked state, the first telescopic member retracts from the first slot, and the second telescopic member retracts from the second slot.

[0012] The quick-change system for loading and unloading work machinery provided by the present invention further includes:

[0013] A switching device is used to control each of the individual locking devices to switch between the locked state and the unlocked state. The switching device is communicatively connected to the control device, and the switching device includes:

[0014] A hydraulic drive mechanism is used to supply hydraulic oil to each of the individual locking devices;

[0015] The upper vehicle diversion structure is connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism, and the upper vehicle diversion structure is used to divert hydraulic oil to each of the individual locking devices located on the upper vehicle;

[0016] The upper control valve is used to control the oil passage of each of the individual locking devices located on the upper vehicle, so that each of the individual locking devices switches between the locked state and the unlocked state;

[0017] The lower vehicle diversion structure is connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism, and the lower vehicle diversion structure is used to divert hydraulic oil to each of the individual locking devices located in the lower vehicle;

[0018] The dismount control valve is used to control the oil passage of each of the individual locking devices located in the dismount, so as to switch each of the individual locking devices between the locked state and the unlocked state.

[0019] The quick-change system for loading and unloading work machinery provided by the present invention further includes:

[0020] A position sensor is disposed between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle. The position sensor is communicatively connected to the control device. The control device is used to determine whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are installed in place based on the position information measured by the position sensor.

[0021] The quick-change system for loading and unloading work machinery provided by the present invention further includes:

[0022] A pressure sensor is installed between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle. The pressure sensor is communicatively connected to the control device. The control device is used to determine whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are locked based on the pressure information measured by the pressure sensor, and to determine whether the working machinery is working normally.

[0023] The quick-change system for loading and unloading work machinery provided by the present invention further includes:

[0024] A vibration sensor is installed between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle. The vibration sensor is communicatively connected to the control device. The control device is used to determine whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are locked based on the vibration information measured by the vibration sensor, and to determine whether the working machinery is working normally.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for quick loading and unloading of operating machinery, based on the quick loading and unloading system of operating machinery as described in any of the above claims, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Receive instructions to change vehicles (get on or off);

[0027] Control each individual locking device to remain in the unlocked state;

[0028] Control the hoisting device to lift the upper vehicle to the installation position on the lower vehicle;

[0029] Control each of the individual locking devices to switch to the locking state, thereby locking the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle together.

[0030] According to the quick-change method for loading and unloading machinery provided by the present invention, after the control hoisting device lifts the upper vehicle to the installation position of the lower vehicle, the method further includes the following steps:

[0031] Obtain the location information between the person boarding the vehicle and the person alighting from the vehicle;

[0032] Based on the location information, determine whether the boarding and disembarking vehicles are properly installed.

[0033] The quick-change method for loading and unloading operating machinery provided by the present invention further includes the following steps:

[0034] Obtain pressure information between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle, as well as vibration information between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle;

[0035] Based on the pressure information and the vibration information, it is determined whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are locked together, and whether the working machinery is working normally.

[0036] The present invention also provides a working machine, including a quick-change system for getting on and off the working machine as described in any of the above claims.

[0037] The present invention provides a quick-change system for loading and unloading excavators, comprising at least two individual locking devices positioned between the upper and lower sections of the excavator. These individual locking devices are spaced apart circumferentially along the lower section. Each individual locking device is used to lock and unlock the upper and lower sections, and can switch between locked and unlocked states. A control device controls the switching of each individual locking device between these states. This configuration uses individual locking devices instead of traditional bolt fastening, and the control device automatically switches between locked and unlocked states to lock and unlock the upper and lower sections, enabling rapid loading and unloading. This forms a fast, efficient, and multifunctional loading and unloading matching mechanism, capable of quickly switching the loading and unloading matching modes of the excavator, thus making it suitable for all working conditions, expanding the excavator's application scenarios, enhancing product competitiveness, and improving economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the single-unit locking device provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the switching device provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of the quick-change system for loading and unloading machinery provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the quick-change method for loading and unloading operating machinery provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure label:

[0045] 1: First telescopic component; 2: First slot; 3: Second telescopic component; 4: Second slot; 5: Upper vehicle diversion structure; 6: Lower vehicle diversion structure; 7: Position sensor; 8: Pressure sensor; 9: Vibration sensor; 10: Hydraulic oil tank; 11: Hydraulic pump; 12: Main pipeline; 13: Check valve; 14: Main pipeline pressure gauge; 15: Main pipeline flow meter; 16: First solenoid valve; 17: Second solenoid valve. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 5 The present invention describes a quick-change system for loading and unloading work machinery.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a quick-change system for loading and unloading work machinery, including at least two individual locking devices and a control device. Specifically, each individual locking device is disposed between the loading and unloading sections of the work machinery, and the individual locking devices are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the unloading section. The individual locking devices are used to lock and unlock the loading and unloading sections, and the individual locking devices can switch between locked and unlocked states. Specifically, taking an excavator as an example, as... Figure 1 As shown, the excavator's upper and lower vehicles are each equipped with connecting flanges. Individual locking devices are installed on the upper and lower flanges and are evenly distributed along their circumference. These individual locking devices lock and unlock the upper and lower flanges, thus achieving fixed connection and unlocking separation of the upper and lower vehicles, allowing for matching and replacement of the upper and lower vehicles according to working conditions. The number of individual locking devices, etc., needs to be determined based on actual design requirements.

[0049] The control device is used to switch each individual locking device between locked and unlocked states. Specifically, the control device can directly utilize the excavator's vehicle controller to achieve automatic control of each individual locking device, enabling efficient and convenient replacement when getting on and off the excavator. The vehicle controller is a mature existing product, so its specific structure and electrical connections will not be described in detail here.

[0050] This design utilizes individual locking devices for both the upper and lower vehicles instead of traditional bolt fastening. A control system automatically switches each locking device between locked and unlocked states, allowing for quick and easy switching and securing of the upper and lower vehicles. This creates a fast, efficient, and multifunctional upper and lower vehicle matching mechanism, enabling rapid switching between the excavator's upper and lower vehicle matching modes. This makes it suitable for all working conditions, expanding the excavator's application scenarios, enhancing product competitiveness, and improving economic efficiency.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the single-unit locking device includes a first locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism. For example... Figure 2As shown, the first locking mechanism includes a first telescopic member 1 and a first slot 2 that are adapted to each other. The first telescopic member 1 is slidably connected in the first slot 2, and the first telescopic member 1 moves along the height direction of the working machinery, that is, along... Figure 2 The movement is in the direction indicated by the middle arrow. One of the boarding and alighting sections is equipped with a first telescopic component 1, and the other with a first slot 2. That is, the boarding section has the first telescopic component 1, and the alighting section has the first slot 2; or, the alighting section has the first telescopic component 1, and the boarding section has the first slot 2. The following... Figure 2 Taking the example shown, the upper vehicle is equipped with a first telescopic component 1, and the lower vehicle is equipped with a corresponding first slot 2. Specifically, multiple first telescopic components 1 are evenly distributed on the upper vehicle flange, and each first telescopic component 1 moves in a vertical direction. The lower vehicle flange is equipped with multiple first slots 2. For example, if the first telescopic component 1 is designed as a circular plunger, then the corresponding first slot 2 is designed as a circular groove.

[0052] The second locking mechanism includes a compatible second telescopic member 3 and a second slot 4. The second telescopic member 3 is disposed on the side wall of the first slot 2, and the second slot 4 is correspondingly disposed on the side wall of the first telescopic member 1. At least two second telescopic members 3 are used to ensure reliable connection; the specific number depends on actual usage requirements. The second telescopic member 3 is slidably connected in the second slot 4 and moves along an axis perpendicular to the first telescopic member 1.

[0053] When the individual locking device is in the locked state, the first telescopic member 1 extends into the first slot 2, and the second telescopic member 3 extends into the second slot 4. At this time, the upper and lower vehicles are assembled and locked together. When the individual locking device is in the unlocked state, the first telescopic member 1 exits from the first slot 2, and the second telescopic member 3 exits from the second slot 4. At this time, the upper and lower vehicles are disconnected and separated, allowing for lifting and other operations.

[0054] This configuration, through the up-and-down movement of the first telescopic component 1 and the left-and-right movement of the second telescopic component 3, ensures a reliable connection for getting on and off the vehicle, while also being easy to operate, providing a stable connection, and enabling quick locking. It should be noted that, as shown in the example... Figure 2 Regarding the placement of the quick-change system for loading and unloading the operating machinery shown in the figure, the left and right directions refer to the left and right positions, the up and down directions refer to the up and down positions, the height direction of the operating machinery, and the axis direction of the first telescopic component 1.

[0055] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the quick-change system for loading and unloading the working machinery further includes a switching device, which is communicatively connected to the control device, for example, electrically connected to the control device. The control device controls the switching device, which controls the switching of each individual locking device between a locked state and an unlocked state. The switching device includes a hydraulic drive mechanism, an upper vehicle diversion structure 5, an upper vehicle control valve, an lower vehicle diversion structure 6, and a lower vehicle control valve. Specifically, the hydraulic drive mechanism supplies hydraulic oil to each individual locking device. Both the upper vehicle diversion structure 5 and the lower vehicle diversion structure 6 are connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism. The upper vehicle diversion structure 5 diverts hydraulic oil to each individual locking device located on the upper vehicle, and the lower vehicle diversion structure 6 diverts hydraulic oil to each individual locking device located on the lower vehicle. The upper vehicle control valve controls the oil passage of each individual locking device located on the upper vehicle, so that each individual locking device switches between a locked state and an unlocked state. The dismount control valve is used to control the oil passage of each individual locking device located in the dismount, so that each individual locking device can switch between a locked state and an unlocked state.

[0056] Specifically, both the first telescopic component 1 and the second telescopic component 3 employ hydraulic cylinders. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic oil tank 10, a hydraulic pump 11, and a main pipeline 12. The hydraulic oil tank 10 is connected to the upper vehicle diversion structure 5 and the lower vehicle diversion structure 6 via the main pipeline 12, and the hydraulic pump 11 is mounted on the main pipeline 12. The main pipeline 12 is also equipped with a check valve 13, a main pipeline pressure gauge 14, and a main pipeline flow meter 15. The check valve 13 prevents hydraulic oil backflow, and the main pipeline pressure gauge 14 and the main pipeline flow meter 15 monitor the main pipeline pressure and flow rate. The hydraulic pump 11, the main pipeline pressure gauge 14, and the main pipeline flow meter 15 are all electrically connected to the control device to achieve automatic control and real-time monitoring of the pressure and flow rate of the auxiliary hydraulic switching system. Furthermore, signals such as the overall machine pump and valve pressure and the actuator speed can also be simultaneously input to comprehensively monitor and evaluate the status of the quick-change system and the overall machine operation.

[0057] The upper-car diversion structure 5 and the lower-car diversion structure 6 can employ existing common devices to achieve the hydraulic oil diversion function. For example, a multi-way valve can be connected to the main pipeline 12 to distribute hydraulic oil to the individual locking devices located on the upper and lower vehicles. Alternatively, the main pipeline 12 can be connected to the individual locking devices on the upper and lower vehicles through multiple branch pipelines, with a switch valve installed on each branch pipeline to control the on / off status of the branch pipeline. Both the upper-car diversion structure 5 and the lower-car diversion structure 6 are electrically connected to the control device for easy automatic control. Generally, the vehicle controller is located on the upper vehicle of the excavator, and the upper and lower vehicles are rotatably connected via a slewing bearing. Therefore, to achieve quick switching between the upper and lower vehicles, quick-release joints and electrical slip rings can be used to achieve hydraulic pipeline connections and electrical connections, thereby facilitating hydraulic control and signal transmission.

[0058] The upper and lower control valves can be electromagnetic directional valves to change the hydraulic passages of each individual locking device located on the upper and lower vehicles. Both the upper and lower control valves are electrically connected to the control device. For example, on the upper vehicle of the excavator, each individual locking device's connecting pipe is equipped with a first solenoid valve 16 to control the extension and retraction of the first telescopic member 1. When the first solenoid valve 16 is in the upper position, the hydraulic cylinder is filled with fluid, the piston rod extends and engages with the first locking groove 2 on the lower vehicle, and the hydraulic cylinder remains filled, keeping the upper and lower vehicles locked. When the first solenoid valve 16 is in the lower position, the hydraulic cylinder releases oil, the piston rod retracts and separates from the first locking groove 2 on the lower vehicle, unlocking the upper and lower vehicles, allowing them to be lifted onto the upper vehicle for replacement. Similarly, on the lower vehicle of the excavator, each individual locking device's connecting pipe is equipped with a second solenoid valve 17 to control the extension and retraction of the second telescopic member 3. When the second solenoid valve 17 is in the upper position, the hydraulic cylinder remains filled with fluid, the piston rod extends, and engages with the second slot 4 on the first telescopic member 1. When the second solenoid valve 17 is in the lower position, the hydraulic cylinder releases oil, the piston rod retracts, and disengages from the second slot 4 on the first telescopic member 1. It should be noted that, as shown in the example... Figure 3 Regarding the placement of the quick-change system for loading and unloading the operating machinery shown in the diagram, the up and down direction in the diagram refers to the indicated up and down position.

[0059] This configuration constitutes an auxiliary hydraulic switching system to achieve state switching control of the individual locking devices for getting on and off the vehicle, which is simple and reliable to operate. Of course, in other embodiments, a pneumatic control system or an electric control system may also be used. Accordingly, the individual locking devices can be adaptively adjusted to adopt a pneumatic locking structure or an electromagnetic locking structure to achieve rapid switching kinetic energy for getting on and off the vehicle.

[0060] As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the quick-change system for loading and unloading the working machinery further includes a position sensor 7, which is disposed between the loading and unloading sections. The position sensor 7 is communicatively connected to a control device, which determines whether the loading and unloading sections are properly installed based on the position information measured by the position sensor 7. Specifically, the position sensor 7 can be disposed on a single locking device. The position sensor 7 can be a photoelectric sensor, which includes a photoelectric sensing part and a photoelectric reflector. For example, the photoelectric sensing part can be disposed on the first telescopic member 1, and the photoelectric reflector can be disposed in the first slot 2. Of course, the position sensor 7 can also be disposed in other locations, such as on the loading and unloading connecting flange.

[0061] With this setup, during installation on and off the vehicle, the position sensor 7 can detect the sensing signal to determine if the vehicle is aligned, thus providing a positioning function and assisting operators in quickly aligning the vehicle and improving the efficiency of rapid installation. Of course, the position sensor 7 is not limited to the aforementioned photoelectric sensor; it can also be other sensors such as laser sensors to form a positioning device that provides guidance for the on- and off-vehicle positioning.

[0062] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the quick-change system for loading and unloading the working machinery further includes a pressure sensor 8, which is disposed between the upper and lower vehicles. The pressure sensor 8 is communicatively connected to a control device, which is used to determine whether the upper and lower vehicles are locked and whether the working machinery is operating normally based on the pressure information measured by the pressure sensor 8. Specifically, the pressure sensor 8 can be a strain gauge sensor. Strain gauge sensors are installed on both the upper and lower vehicle flanges, with multiple measuring points on each flange. Each measuring point has a pair of opposing strain gauge sensors, which are installed on the upper and lower vehicle flanges respectively, in order to better reflect the interaction force between the upper and lower vehicles.

[0063] With this setup, during normal excavator operation, the pressure data measured by pressure sensor 8 can determine whether the pressure between the upper and lower vehicles is balanced, whether the upper and lower vehicles are reliably locked, whether the center of gravity shifts during excavation, whether there are safety hazards such as tipping over or tail lifting, and whether the excavator is overloaded. This provides operational guidance and early warnings for excavation operations, ensuring operational safety.

[0064] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the quick-change system for loading and unloading the working machinery further includes a vibration sensor 9, which is disposed between the loading and unloading vehicles. The vibration sensor 9 is communicatively connected to a control device, which is used to determine whether the loading and unloading vehicles are locked based on the vibration information measured by the vibration sensor 9, and to determine whether the working machinery is operating normally. Specifically, vibration sensors 9 are installed on both the loading and unloading flanges, and multiple measuring points are provided on the flanges. It should be noted that the vibration sensor 9 signal should include vibration data in at least one axis direction in the horizontal, vertical, and axial directions of the flange in the XYZ three-dimensional space, and the strain gauge sensor signal should include strain data in at least two axes directions in the horizontal and vertical directions of the flange in the XY plane, thereby reliably reflecting the overall load level of the machine in multiple directions.

[0065] With this setup, when the excavator is operating normally, the vibration information measured by the vibration sensor 9 can be used to obtain the vibration amplitude of the upper vehicle relative to the lower vehicle. This information can then be used to determine whether the upper and lower vehicles are locked and whether there are any abnormal vibrations in the entire vehicle. This allows for the evaluation of the overall working condition of the vehicle and provides predictive guidance and maintenance warnings for the operators.

[0066] The quick-change method for loading and unloading the operating machinery provided by the present invention is described below. The quick-change method for loading and unloading the operating machinery described below can be referred to in correspondence with the quick-change system for loading and unloading the operating machinery described above.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a method for quick loading and unloading of operating machinery, based on the quick loading and unloading system of operating machinery as described in the above embodiments, including the following steps:

[0068] Step S100: Obtain the boarding / alighting change instruction;

[0069] Specifically, the control device can be a vehicle controller, which has a human-machine interface that allows access to the quick-change interface for getting on and off the excavator. By inputting commands, the system is activated, and the hydraulic pump 11 in the auxiliary hydraulic switching system enters standby mode. Simultaneously, the vehicle controller can control the alarm to issue a warning that a quick-change is in progress and that the excavator's off-road travel function is locked.

[0070] Step S200: Control each individual locking device to remain in the unlocked state;

[0071] Specifically, the vehicle controller can open all individual locking devices by controlling the auxiliary hydraulic switching system, keeping them unlocked to facilitate replacement during vehicle loading and unloading. It should be noted that all individual locking devices can be opened simultaneously; alternatively, they can be opened one by one. This also helps detect damaged individual locking devices, allowing for timely removal from use.

[0072] Step S300: Control the hoisting device to hoist the upper vehicle to the installation position on the lower vehicle;

[0073] Specifically, the hoisting equipment can be any commonly used existing lifting equipment, used for loading onto the vehicle and unloading onto it.

[0074] Step S400: Control each individual locking device to switch to the locking state, thereby locking the upper and lower parts of the vehicle.

[0075] Specifically, each individual locking device is tightened to secure the upper and lower vehicles, completing the alignment and assembly of the upper and lower vehicles.

[0076] This design uses individual locking devices for the upper and lower vehicles instead of traditional bolt fastening. A control device automatically switches each individual locking device between locked and unlocked states, allowing for quick and easy switching and securing of the upper and lower vehicles. This creates a fast, efficient, and multifunctional upper and lower vehicle matching mechanism, enabling rapid switching between the excavator's upper and lower vehicle matching modes. This makes it suitable for all working conditions, expanding the excavator's application scenarios, enhancing product competitiveness, and improving economic efficiency. The derivation process for this beneficial effect is roughly similar to that of the quick-change upper and lower vehicle system for the aforementioned work machinery, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0077] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, after controlling the hoisting device to hoist the upper vehicle to the installation position on the lower vehicle, the following steps are also included:

[0078] Step S301: Obtain the location information between boarding and alighting;

[0079] Step S302: Based on the location information, determine whether the installation on the vehicle and the vehicle off are in place.

[0080] Specifically, during the alignment and assembly process of the upper and lower vehicles, position sensors 7 can be used to collect position information between the upper and lower vehicles and send it to the vehicle controller to determine whether the upper and lower vehicles are aligned, thus achieving the positioning function and enabling rapid installation. For example, a photoelectric sensor can be installed on the first telescopic component 1. The sensor's sensing signal can be used to determine whether the upper and lower parts of the single-unit locking device are aligned, thereby determining whether the upper and lower vehicles are aligned. If the upper and lower vehicles are aligned, the locking action of the single-unit locking device can be executed. At this time, the vehicle controller can also obtain the main pipe pressure and flow information in the auxiliary hydraulic switching system to confirm whether the upper and lower vehicles are reliably connected. If the upper and lower vehicles are not aligned, manual hoisting and correction can be performed until the upper and lower vehicles are aligned.

[0081] In addition, a laser rangefinder can be set up to assist in the positioning process. The distance information measured by the laser rangefinder is sent to the vehicle controller to further improve positioning efficiency and provide operators with more accurate guidance on getting on and off the vehicle, so as to quickly align the vehicle and achieve vehicle docking.

[0082] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the quick-change method for loading and unloading the operating machinery further includes the following steps:

[0083] Step S500: Obtain pressure information between the boarding and alighting vehicles, as well as vibration information between the boarding and alighting vehicles;

[0084] Step S600: Based on the pressure and vibration information, determine whether the upper and lower parts are locked, and whether the working machinery is working normally.

[0085] Specifically, after the upper and lower vehicles are swapped and secured, the vehicle begins normal operation, the lower vehicle travel function is unlocked, and the alarm prompts are turned off. During normal operation, pressure and vibration information between the upper and lower vehicles can be collected by setting pressure sensor 8 and vibration sensor 9, and sent to the vehicle controller. For example, pressure sensor 8 and vibration sensor 9 can be installed on the upper and lower vehicle flanges. The vehicle controller uses the signals from pressure sensor 8 and vibration sensor 9, combined with pump and valve pressure signals from the entire machine, to determine whether the vehicle's operating status is normal and whether the vehicle is overloaded. Furthermore, relevant information can be displayed in real time on the screen, providing operators with guidance on predictive maintenance timing and plans.

[0086] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a quick-change system and method for loading and unloading operating machinery, including multiple individual locking devices, an auxiliary hydraulic switching system, and a control device, etc. Figure 4 As shown, the specific working process is as follows: Start the quick-change system for loading and unloading; unlock the individual locking device and loosen the rotating pipes of the loading and unloading vehicles; hoist the loading vehicle and align it using the positioning device; if the loading and unloading vehicles are aligned, assemble them and lock them using the individual locking device; if they are not aligned, manually hoist and correct them until they are aligned; after assembling the loading and unloading vehicles, power on the system to start the monitoring system and wait for the next quick-change operation. The monitoring process includes: monitoring whether the quick-change system is working properly, for example, by monitoring the pressure and flow values ​​of the main and branch pipes in the auxiliary hydraulic switching system, as well as the signals from photoelectric sensors; monitoring whether the entire vehicle is operating normally and whether it is overloaded, for example, by monitoring the strain gauge and vibration sensor signals on the flange, as well as the pressure and speed signals of the vehicle's pumps and valves.

[0087] This design enables rapid switching between the upper and lower vehicles, changing the traditional bolt-fixed connection method of excavators. This allows for multi-condition matching of the excavator, increasing overall machine utilization and significantly expanding its application scenarios. Furthermore, it can monitor the status of the excavator's rapid connection mechanism in real time, enabling self-monitoring and alarms for the rapid switching function during operation, ensuring reliable operation of the system. Simultaneously, by collecting photoelectric signals, vibration signals, strain gauge signals, pipeline pressure and flow signals in real time, it provides data support and alarm prompts for the excavator's center of gravity position, vehicle overload, abnormal vehicle vibration, and abnormal fixation of the upper and lower vehicles. This allows for evaluation of the overall vehicle's working status, as well as overload alarms and predictive maintenance warnings.

[0088] The following describes the operating machinery provided by the present invention. The operating machinery described below and the quick-change system for getting on and off the operating machinery described above can be referred to in correspondence.

[0089] This invention also provides a working machine, specifically, an excavator. The working machine includes a quick-change system for loading and unloading as described in the various embodiments above. This configuration uses individual locking devices for loading and unloading instead of traditional bolt fastening. A control device automatically switches each individual locking device between locked and unlocked states to lock and unlock the loading and unloading parts, enabling rapid loading and unloading. This forms a fast, efficient, and multifunctional loading and unloading matching mechanism, capable of quickly switching the loading and unloading matching modes of the excavator, thus making it suitable for all working conditions, expanding the excavator's application scenarios, enhancing product competitiveness, and improving economic benefits. The derivation process of this beneficial effect is roughly similar to that of the quick-change system for loading and unloading of the working machine described above, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery, characterized in that, include: At least two individual locking devices are provided between the upper and lower parts of the working machine. Each individual locking device is distributed circumferentially along the lower part of the machine. The individual locking devices are used to lock and unlock the upper and lower parts of the machine, and the individual locking devices can switch between the locked state and the unlocked state. A control device is used to control each of the individual locking devices to switch between the locked state and the unlocked state; A switching device is used to control each of the individual locking devices to switch between the locked state and the unlocked state. The switching device is communicatively connected to the control device, and the switching device includes: A hydraulic drive mechanism is used to supply hydraulic oil to each of the individual locking devices; The upper vehicle diversion structure is connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism, and the upper vehicle diversion structure is used to divert hydraulic oil to each of the individual locking devices located on the upper vehicle; The upper control valve is used to control the oil passage of each of the individual locking devices located on the upper vehicle, so that each of the individual locking devices switches between the locked state and the unlocked state; The undercarriage diversion structure is connected to the hydraulic drive mechanism, and the undercarriage diversion structure is used to divert hydraulic oil. The flow is diverted to each of the individual locking devices located at the disembarkation point; The dismount control valve is used to control the oil passage of each of the individual locking devices located in the dismount, so as to switch each of the individual locking devices between the locked state and the unlocked state.

2. The quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-unit locking device include: The first locking mechanism includes a first telescopic member and a first slot that are adapted to each other. One of the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle is provided with the first telescopic member and the other is provided with the first slot. The first telescopic member is slidably connected in the first slot and moves along the height direction of the working machinery. The second locking mechanism includes a compatible second telescopic member and a second locking groove. The second telescopic member is disposed on the side wall of the first locking groove, and the second locking groove is correspondingly disposed on the side wall of the first telescopic member. Furthermore, the second telescopic component is slidably connected in the second slot, and the second telescopic component moves along an axis perpendicular to the first telescopic component; In the locked state, the first telescopic member extends into the first slot, and the second telescopic member extends into the second slot; in the unlocked state, the first telescopic member retracts from the first slot, and the second telescopic member retracts from the second slot.

3. The quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A position sensor is disposed between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle. The position sensor is communicatively connected to the control device. The control device is used to determine whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are installed in place based on the position information measured by the position sensor.

4. The quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure sensor is installed between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle. The pressure sensor is communicatively connected to the control device. The control device is used to determine whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are locked based on the pressure information measured by the pressure sensor, and to determine whether the working machinery is working normally.

5. The quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A vibration sensor is installed between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle. The vibration sensor is communicatively connected to the control device. The control device is used to determine whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are locked based on the vibration information measured by the vibration sensor, and to determine whether the working machinery is working normally.

6. A quick-change method for loading and unloading operating machinery, characterized in that, The quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery as described in any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: Receive instructions to change vehicles (get on or off); Control each individual locking device to remain in the unlocked state; Control the hoisting device to lift the upper vehicle to the installation position on the lower vehicle; Control each of the individual locking devices to switch to the locking state, thereby locking the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle together.

7. The quick-change method for loading and unloading operating machinery according to claim 6, characterized in that, After the hoisting control device has lifted the upper vehicle to the installation position on the lower vehicle, the following steps are also included: Obtain the location information between the person boarding the vehicle and the person alighting from the vehicle; Based on the location information, determine whether the boarding and disembarking vehicles are properly installed.

8. The quick-change method for loading and unloading operating machinery according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Obtain pressure information between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle, as well as vibration information between the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle; Based on the pressure information and the vibration information, it is determined whether the upper vehicle and the lower vehicle are locked together, and whether the working machinery is working normally.

9. A type of operating machinery, characterized in that, Including the quick-change system for loading and unloading operating machinery as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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