Peak capacity charge settlement method and system considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a peak capacity cost settlement method and system considering a VCG incentive compatible mechanism, and the method comprises the following steps: determining a load peak period, constructing a capacity decision model of a generating unit, and determining a generating unit for reporting a peak capacity market transaction; organizing the generating unit to report the peak capacity, designing a clearing and settlement scheme according to the peak capacity, and clearing the unit; constructing a clearing and settlement model based on the VCG incentive compatible mechanism, and settling the generating unit through the clearing and settlement model; and when the income and expenditure balance is not satisfied, the fund shortage is filled through the capacity cost dredging. The method prevents the collusion and false reporting behavior of the thermal power unit when participating in the transaction in the capacity market through the VCG incentive compatible mechanism, promotes the thermal power unit to report the real cost, and improves the resource allocation efficiency of the capacity market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power market research technology, and in particular relates to a peak capacity fee settlement method and system that considers VCG incentive compatibility mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] my country's electricity market reform is accelerating. While thermal power can enjoy a 20% price increase through market-based transactions, the instability of coal prices makes it difficult for thermal power units to recover their generation costs in an energy market based solely on marginal cost clearing. They cannot obtain compensation for generation based on system demand, leading to reduced willingness to generate electricity from thermal power plants, hindering their peak capacity utilization, and compromising capacity adequacy. Meanwhile, my country's time-of-use pricing and peak pricing reflect short-term power supply costs and reduce price risks, but they do not improve economic efficiency. Nodal marginal pricing incentivizes honest bidders to prevent market speculation, ultimately ensuring real-time power balance through market mechanisms and achieving short-term economic dispatch, but it cannot guarantee long-term investment recovery. This is a crucial factor in our consideration of building a capacity market.

[0003] Thermal power units, as a reliable and flexible power generation resource, urgently require a reasonable and efficient capacity compensation mechanism to incentivize their performance. Establishing a capacity market is a crucial way to ensure the profitability of thermal power units while leveraging their flexibility. Currently, relatively mature electricity markets, such as the PJM electricity market in the United States, the England electricity market, and the Guangdong and Gansu electricity spot markets in my country, all employ nodal marginal pricing mechanisms for day-ahead clearing. However, only under the assumption of perfect market competition can power generators be prompted to declare their true costs. my country's electricity market development is far from sufficient to achieve perfect competition, and the existing capacity market mechanism is also imperfect, making it difficult to guarantee that market participants will declare their true costs and prices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of insufficient power generation capacity under the current power market reform, overcome the shortcomings of existing capacity market mechanisms such as collusion and misreporting, and provide a reasonably designed and efficient capacity pricing method that takes into account the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a peak capacity fee settlement method considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Determine the peak load period, construct a capacity decision model for generator units, and determine the generator units to be submitted for market trading at peak capacity;

[0007] Organize the generator sets to declare their peak capacity, design a clearing and settlement plan based on the peak capacity, and identify the generator sets to be cleared;

[0008] A clearing and settlement model based on the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism is constructed. The generator set is settled through the clearing and settlement model. When the balance of income and expenditure is not met, the funding gap is filled by channeling capacity fees.

[0009] Preferably, the method for determining the peak load period includes: the peak load period for thermal power units participating in the transaction is determined through the net load curve. Considering the power balance of the power grid operation, the formula for calculating the net load curve is as follows:

[0010] {L NL_t}=L CL_t +P ip_t -P wi_t -P s_t -P op_t

[0011] In the formula, L NL_t For the net load time series, L CL_t This represents a typical daily network load forecast curve, P. ip_t Represents the power transmission curve, P wi_t This represents a typical wind power output curve, P. s_t This represents a typical photovoltaic power output curve, P. op_t This represents the incoming power curve.

[0012] Preferably, the method for determining the generator sets eligible for peak capacity market transaction declaration includes: determining the reserve price and output constraint of the thermal power units participating in the declaration; when the reserve price of the thermal power units is less than the transaction price and the output constraint is met, the unit is determined to be a generator set eligible for declaration.

[0013] Preferably, the reservation price is:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, This indicates the reserve price for thermal power units in the capacity market; f c (ΔP c ,ΔQ c Q represents the total cost of coal used to support the increase in peak output; E Indicates peak power generation;

[0016] The output constraints that must be satisfied are:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, This represents the maximum output of the i-th thermal power unit during peak time period t; Let λ represent the real-time output of the i-th thermal power unit during peak time period t, and let λ represent the proportional coefficient.

[0019] Preferably, the method for settling accounts with generator units using the clearing settlement model includes: settling accounts based on the actual contribution of the generator unit to the entire system; therefore, under the VCG mechanism, the system capacity payment received by any two generator units will be different; the payment formula is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, This represents the capacity payment fee received by the i-th thermal power unit; Let represent the system's scheduling plan when there is no i-th thermal power unit and when there is i-th thermal power unit, respectively; This represents the total dispatch cost when there is no i-th thermal power unit; This represents the total dispatch cost when there is an i-th thermal power unit; This represents the dispatching cost generated by the i-th thermal power unit; The total cost represents the total dispatching cost incurred by other units when the i-th thermal power unit participates in the transaction.

[0022] A peak capacity fee settlement system that considers VCG incentive compatibility mechanism is also provided, including...

[0023] The data acquisition module is used to collect data on incoming and outgoing power.

[0024] The data analysis module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine the clearing units;

[0025] The settlement module, connected to the data analysis module, is used to settle accounts based on actual contributions.

[0026] Preferably, the data analysis module includes a time analysis unit and a unit analysis unit;

[0027] The time analysis unit is used to determine the peak load period based on the collected incoming and outgoing power data.

[0028] The unit analysis unit is used to determine the units to be cleared.

[0029] Preferably, the unit analysis unit includes a qualification unit and a benefit unit;

[0030] The eligibility unit is used to determine which generator sets are eligible for application;

[0031] The benefit unit is used to select generator sets based on electricity consumption benefits.

[0032] Preferably, the settlement module includes a model building unit and a calculation unit;

[0033] The model building unit is used to build a clearing and settlement model based on the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism;

[0034] The calculation unit is connected to the model building unit and is used to calculate settlement fees through the clearing settlement model.

[0035] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0036] This invention provides a peak capacity cost settlement method and system that considers the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism. Through the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism, it prevents thermal power units from colluding and misreporting when participating in capacity market transactions, prompts thermal power units to report their true costs, and improves the resource allocation efficiency of the capacity market. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the settlement method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the settlement system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining the transaction organization's application in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the clearing scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a peak capacity fee settlement method considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism, the method comprising the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: First, determine the peak period and conduct market trading during the peak period;

[0046] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step one are as follows: the peak load period for thermal power units participating in the transaction is determined by the net load curve. Considering the power balance of the power grid operation, the formula for calculating the net load curve is as follows:

[0047] {L NL_t}=L CL_t +P ip_t -P wi_t -P s_t -P op_t

[0048] Among them, L NL_t For the net load time series, L CL_t This represents a typical daily network load forecast curve, P. ip_t Represents the power transmission curve, P wi_t This represents a typical wind power output curve, P. s_t This represents a typical photovoltaic power output curve, P. op_t The curve representing incoming power is shown below, with the time series representation as follows:

[0049] Typical daily network load forecast curve time series:

[0050] {L CL_t}={l CL (1),l CL (2),…,l CL (N)}

[0051] Time series of incoming power curves:

[0052] {P ip_t}={p ip (1),p ip (2),…p ip (N)}

[0053] Typical wind power output curve time series:

[0054] {P wi_t}={p wi (1),p wi (2),…p wi (N)}

[0055] Typical photovoltaic power output curve time series:

[0056] {P s_t}={p s (1),p s (2),…p s (N)}

[0057] Time series of power transmission curves:

[0058] {P op_t}={p op (1),p op (2),…p op (N)}

[0059] The above output curve time series are composed of N sets of 24-point curves. The net load of each corresponding set is calculated according to the formula to obtain the N sets of 24-point net load curve time series {L NL_t The peak capacity trading period is determined based on the peak and trough values ​​of the net load curve.

[0060] Step 2: Construct a capacity decision model for generator sets to determine which generator sets can participate in the peak capacity market transaction application described in Step 1;

[0061] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step two are as follows:

[0062] (1) Determine the reserve price for thermal power units to participate in the application.

[0063] The reserve price mentioned in the VCG mechanism represents the minimum capacity price that market or power system operators are willing to pay to purchase peak capacity of generating units. This minimum capacity price, covering the increased coal costs associated with peak generation, forms the basis for units' willingness to participate in peak output. The reserve price calculation formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] in, This indicates the reserve price for thermal power units in the capacity market; f c (ΔP c ,ΔQ c Q represents the total cost of coal used to support the increase in peak output; E This represents peak power generation. (When capacity pricing...) Only when the generating units have the capacity to supply power during peak hours will they be motivated to participate in the capacity market; this is a necessary but not sufficient condition. Once the generating units have the capacity to supply power during peak hours and meet the eligibility requirements for participating in the capacity market, this constitutes a necessary and sufficient condition.

[0066] (2) Output constraints that the unit should meet:

[0067]

[0068] in, This represents the maximum output of the i-th thermal power unit during peak time period t; Let λ represent the real-time output of the i-th thermal power unit during peak time period t, and let λ represent the proportional coefficient.

[0069] Step 3 as follows Figure 3 As shown: Organize the generator sets identified in step two to conduct transactions, and determine the transaction organization and application process for the peak capacity market;

[0070] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step three are as follows: The operating institutions participating in the peak capacity market transaction include grid control agencies and their subordinate power control centers; market participants include grid companies, thermal power plants (enterprises) directly dispatched by regional power control centers, new energy companies, and market-oriented users directly participating in the transaction; the operating institutions organize market participants to participate in the application and transaction in an orderly manner according to the peak capacity market transaction rules. The transaction is conducted on a quarterly basis, organized monthly.

[0071] Generating units submit their applications hourly, allowing for multiple application periods. The dispatching agency determines peak capacity demand based on factors such as the grid's monthly load demand forecast, transmission equipment maintenance, generator unit maintenance, renewable energy output forecasts, and inter-provincial transmission line plans. Participating thermal power units submit their peak capacity applications based on the peak capacity demand published by the dispatching agency, combined with their own peak power supply capacity. The available peak capacity resources are based on a certain percentage of their rated capacity, and multiple applications are allowed, with each tier having the same price throughout the entire time period.

[0072] Step four as follows Figure 4 As shown: Based on step three, a market clearing and settlement scheme for peak capacity is designed;

[0073] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step four are as follows:

[0074] (1) Peak capacity pre-emptive clearing one month in advance

[0075] Operating agencies use grid power balance, system peak shaving, grid operation, and thermal power unit regulation rate as boundary conditions, and minimize peak capacity procurement costs as the optimization objective to operate and dispatch units participating in the peak capacity market. They prioritize the allocation of units with lower bids to meet the grid's peak load demand and prepare a monthly peak generation plan. Based on peak capacity demand and power plant peak resource applications, the dispatching agency considers the ramp-up rate of the applying units, system cross-sectional constraints, and other conditions to conduct a safety verification of the clearing results. After verification, the pre-clearing results of the peak capacity market are announced, the cleared units are identified, and they are urged to participate in peak power supply.

[0076] (2) The formal liquidation was completed recently.

[0077] Under the premise of considering grid security constraints, the peak capacity market adopts a "one-sided bidding, marginal clearing" model for clearing. The dispatching agency formulates day-ahead generation plans based on the principle of minimizing procurement costs in the capacity market. Using the pre-determined peak-period generation plan as the baseline for thermal power units, it determines the peak resources available for participation in the grid's peak capacity market on operating days, and generates a curve showing the correlation between peak-period demand and price. The capacity price and the winning bid capacity for each market participant are uniformly cleared on an hourly basis.

[0078] Step 5: After the clearing in Step 4 is completed, settle accounts with the participating units and construct a clearing and settlement model that considers the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism.

[0079] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step five are as follows:

[0080] The VCG (Vehicle Capacity Charge) mechanism pays based on the actual contribution of a unit to the entire system; therefore, the system capacity charge received by any two units under the VCG mechanism may differ. The payment formula is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] in, This represents the capacity payment fee received by the i-th thermal power unit; Let represent the system's scheduling plan when there is no i-th thermal power unit and when there is i-th thermal power unit, respectively; This represents the total dispatch cost when there is no i-th thermal power unit; This represents the total dispatch cost when there is an i-th thermal power unit; This represents the dispatching cost generated by the i-th thermal power unit; The total cost represents the total dispatching cost incurred by other units when the i-th thermal power unit participates in the transaction.

[0083] The left side of the equation represents the capacity fee that generator unit i obtains by participating in the capacity market, while the right side represents the impact of generator unit i on other generator units before and after entering the market. Therefore, generator unit i bears the profit and loss brought about by its entry into the market, which incentivizes it to report its true costs.

[0084] Step Six: If the settlement in Step Five according to the VCG mechanism does not meet the balance of income and expenditure, the funding gap will be filled by channeling capacity fees.

[0085] Furthermore, the specific implementation steps of step five are as follows: the shortfall in peak capacity market fees is allocated by the market to thermal power units, new energy sources, and market-based users who did not win bids in the peak capacity market. Units undergoing maintenance that have submitted maintenance plans to the dispatching agency are not included in the cost allocation. The allocation formula is as follows:

[0086] Total compensation cost per peak capacity period:

[0087]

[0088] in, This represents the total capacity cost that the system operator needs to pay during peak time period t. This represents the total revenue obtained by the i-th thermal power unit during the peak time period t. This represents the total payment received by the i-th thermal power unit during the peak period t under the VCG mechanism.

[0089] Formula for market-based user cost sharing:

[0090]

[0091] in, This represents the cost allocated to market-based users during peak period t. This represents the electricity consumption of market-based users during peak time period t. This represents the total electricity consumption of the entire society during the peak period t. λ represents the total capacity cost during peak period t, and λ1 is the market-based user allocation adjustment coefficient, which defaults to 1.

[0092] Costs shared by the power generation side:

[0093]

[0094] in, This indicates the cost allocated to the power generation side. This represents the cost shared by market users during peak period t.

[0095] Formula for allocating costs for new energy sources:

[0096]

[0097] in, This represents the total allocated cost of the new energy generating units during the peak period t. This represents the cost allocated to market users during peak period t. λ2 is the allocation adjustment coefficient for new energy enterprises, which is the default value of total new energy capacity / total installed capacity [or (total new energy installed capacity - total effective new energy capacity) / total new energy installed capacity].

[0098]

[0099] in, This represents the cost allocated to the j-th renewable energy unit during peak period t. This indicates the actual load factor of the new energy generating units during peak time period t. This indicates the rated capacity of the new energy generating unit during peak period t. This indicates the total installed capacity of new energy generating units. This represents the total cost allocated to new energy generating units during peak period t.

[0100] The cost of the capacity of the winning thermal power units shall be shared by the thermal power units that did not win bids in the capacity market. The cost sharing formula is as follows:

[0101]

[0102] in, This represents the total allocated cost of thermal power units during peak time period t. This represents the total capacity cost during peak time period t. This represents the cost allocated to market-based users during peak period t. This represents the cost allocated to the j-th renewable energy unit during peak period t.

[0103]

[0104] in, This represents the cost allocated to the i-th thermal power unit during peak period t. This represents the actual load factor of the thermal power unit during the peak time period t. This indicates the rated capacity of the thermal power unit during peak time period t. This indicates the total installed capacity of new energy generating units. This represents the total cost allocated to new energy generating units during peak period t.

[0105] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a peak capacity fee settlement system that considers VCG incentive compatibility mechanism, comprising:

[0106] The data acquisition module is used to collect data on incoming and outgoing power.

[0107] The data analysis module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine the clearing units;

[0108] The settlement module, connected to the data analysis module, is used to settle accounts based on actual contributions.

[0109] Further optimization solutions include a data analysis module comprising a time analysis unit and a unit analysis unit;

[0110] The time analysis unit is used to determine the peak load period based on the collected incoming and outgoing power data;

[0111] The unit analysis unit is used to identify the units to be cleared.

[0112] Further optimization schemes include a qualification unit and a benefit unit in the unit analysis unit;

[0113] The eligibility unit is used to determine which generator sets are eligible for application;

[0114] The benefit unit is used to select generator sets based on electricity consumption benefits.

[0115] Further optimizations include a settlement module comprising a model building unit and a computation unit;

[0116] The model building unit is used to build a clearing and settlement model based on the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism;

[0117] The calculation unit is connected to the model building unit and is used to calculate settlement fees through the clearing settlement model.

[0118] In summary, the significant advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are summarized as follows:

[0119] This invention uses a VCG incentive compatibility mechanism to prevent collusion and misreporting by thermal power units when participating in capacity market transactions, thereby prompting thermal power units to report their true costs and improving the resource allocation efficiency of the capacity market.

[0120] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A peak capacity fee settlement method considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Determine the peak load period, construct a capacity decision model for generator units, and determine the generator units to be submitted for market trading at peak capacity; Organize the generator sets to declare their peak capacity, design a clearing and settlement plan based on the peak capacity, and identify the generator sets to be cleared; A clearing and settlement model based on VCG incentive compatibility mechanism is constructed. The generator set is settled through the clearing and settlement model. When the balance of income and expenditure is not met, the funding gap is filled by channeling capacity fees. The method for determining the peak load period includes: the peak load period for thermal power units participating in the transaction is determined through the net load curve. Considering the power balance of the power grid operation, the formula for calculating the net load curve is as follows: In the formula, This is a net load time series. This represents a typical daily network load forecast curve. Indicates the power transmission curve. This represents a typical wind power output curve. This represents a typical photovoltaic power output curve. Indicates the incoming power curve; The method for determining the generator sets eligible for peak capacity market transaction declarations includes: determining the reserve price and output constraints of thermal power units participating in the declaration; when the reserve price of a thermal power unit is less than the transaction price and the output constraints are met, it is determined to be a generator set eligible for declaration. The reservation price is: In the formula, This indicates the reserve price for thermal power units in the capacity market; This represents the total cost of coal used to support the increase in peak output. Indicates peak power generation; The output constraints that must be satisfied are: In the formula, Indicates the first Taiwan's thermal power units at their peak Maximum output for a given time period; Indicates the first Taiwan's thermal power units at their peak Real-time output during a given time period Indicates the proportionality coefficient; The method for settling accounts for generator units using the aforementioned clearing settlement model includes: settling accounts based on the actual contribution of the generator unit to the entire system; therefore, under the VCG mechanism, the system capacity payment received by any two generator units will differ; the payment formula is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the first The capacity payment fees received by the thermal power units; , Representing the absence and presence of the first digit respectively. The scheduling plan for the thermal power unit system; Indicates there is no first Total dispatch cost per thermal power unit; Indicates that there is a first Total dispatch cost per thermal power unit; Indicates the first Dispatch costs incurred by the thermal power units; The whole represents the first The total dispatching costs incurred by other generating units when a thermal power unit participates in a transaction.

2. A peak capacity fee settlement system considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism, used to implement the method of claim 1, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect data on incoming and outgoing power. The data analysis module, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine the clearing units; The settlement module, connected to the data analysis module, is used to settle accounts based on actual contributions.

3. The peak capacity fee settlement system considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data analysis module includes a time analysis unit and a unit analysis unit; The time analysis unit is used to determine the peak load period based on the collected incoming and outgoing power data. The unit analysis unit is used to determine the units to be cleared.

4. The peak capacity fee settlement system considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The unit analysis unit includes an eligibility unit and a benefit unit; The eligibility unit is used to determine which generator sets are eligible for application; The benefit unit is used to select generator sets based on electricity consumption benefits.

5. The peak capacity fee settlement system considering VCG incentive compatibility mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The settlement module includes a model building unit and a calculation unit; The model building unit is used to build a clearing and settlement model based on the VCG incentive compatibility mechanism; The calculation unit is connected to the model building unit and is used to calculate settlement fees through the clearing settlement model.

Images