A vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery equipment, and discloses a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device, which comprises a measuring electrode and a traction agricultural machine for carrying the measuring electrode, the measuring electrode is installed on the traction agricultural machine through a lifting adjusting mechanism, the lifting adjusting mechanism comprises a fixed mounting plate fixedly installed on the traction agricultural machine in the longitudinal direction and an electrode mounting seat horizontally and slidably connected with the fixed mounting plate, the measuring electrode is longitudinally and slidably matched with the electrode mounting seat and is connected with the telescopic shaft of a driving oil cylinder fixed at the top of the electrode mounting seat, and a horizontal sliding driving mechanism for driving the measuring electrode to horizontally slide with the electrode mounting seat relative to the fixed mounting plate is arranged on the fixed mounting plate. The application has the advantages of good operation universality, multiple measurement in the movement of the same soil machine, long service life of the measuring electrode, integration of fault diagnosis and data verification, high data precision and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device. Background Technology

[0002] Measuring soil information such as soil electrical conductivity and pH value is a crucial part of the closed-loop feedback in precision agriculture. The development of agricultural IoT technology has enabled real-time tracking of agricultural machinery, engine speed, and pollutant emission levels to be uploaded to designated data information platforms via data acquisition terminals (also known as agricultural machinery T-boxes). On existing information platforms, the preferred solution is to add soil information data uploads.

[0003] Patents related to "fertility testing," "soil electrical conductivity," and "variable fertilization" typically involve burying sensors at fixed points in the field (as described in patent application number CN201811547013.5) or conducting measurements in a laboratory environment. Practical solutions that offer convenient and quick vehicle-mounted multi-point measurement capabilities while meeting basic accuracy requirements are relatively few.

[0004] Background Example 1: Chinese Patent Application No. CN202223488111.0 proposes a "soil fertility testing vehicle". This solution performs soil sampling by drilling while micro-tilling, under the action of rotation, replacing the method of manual soil sampling and manual measurement of a limited number of measurement points.

[0005] Background Example 2: Patent application number CN202211076278.8 obtains the electrical conductivity of the soil in the working area in real time through an electrical conductivity detection device installed at the front end of the traction agricultural implement.

[0006] Background Example 3: Patent application number CN202011048417.7 describes a method for calculating the electrical conductivity between curved disks using electrical signals between probes. The curved disks also serve as land preparation devices and are equipped with probes and sensors, enabling simultaneous completion of both land preparation and straw mixing uniformity detection. Furthermore, an electrode with an earthworm-like biohazard structure is proposed.

[0007] Although the three background examples above all utilize a vehicle-mounted mobile method for multi-point measurements, which can reduce human workload and improve measurement efficiency to some extent, the following drawbacks still exist in actual measurements:

[0008] (1) Background Example 1 When the soil sampling unit is raised and lowered to perform soil sampling operation, if the detection vehicle continues to move, the soil sampling unit will continue to move with the detection vehicle. The soil that enters the soil sampling unit first and the soil that enters the soil sampling unit later do not belong to the same detection point, which makes the measurement error large. Only when the detection vehicle stops moving can the soil entering the soil sampling unit belong to the same detection point. For multi-point measurement, the frequent stopping of the detection vehicle will cause the problem of low efficiency.

[0009] (2) Background Example 2: When the disc electrode emits the excitation signal, it is in contact with soil A. As the agricultural machinery moves forward, when the disc electrode rotates and actually contacts the return signal, the electrode is in contact with soil B. That is, the input and output signals of the disc electrode are still not from the same measurement point, which causes a deviation between the measured position and the actual data detected.

[0010] (3) In the background example 3, the curved disks A1 to A8 rotate synchronously with the central axis 12 during operation, which drives the electrode probes 15 to enter the soil in sequence for cyclic detection. As the electrode probes 15 rotate with the disks A1 to A8, they will move in the soil in the same way as the movement of animals such as earthworms in the soil. This makes it impossible for the moment when the electrode probe emits the excitation signal and the moment when it actually contacts the return signal to be kept at the same measurement point, which will also cause the measurement position to deviate from the actual detection data.

[0011] Furthermore, the measuring components (electrodes) undergo electrochemical reactions with ions in the soil when energized. This is especially true in farmland where the soil (from the decomposition and fermentation of straw and other biomass, or residual fertilizer from the previous year) is inherently corrosive. This often leads to anodic corrosion under energized conditions, as well as rusting of the measuring components due to wear on the protective surfaces, making them vulnerable parts. If maintenance is not timely, or if failure analysis and fault diagnosis are not considered in the design, doubts about the accuracy of the measurement data may go undetected, necessitating immediate improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device, which aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the easy damage and corrosion of measuring electrodes and the inability to monitor the state of measuring electrodes during multi-point soil fertility measurement. It also ensures that the electrodes are always inserted into the soil at the same measuring point for detection during the movement of agricultural machinery, and can be measured multiple times.

[0013] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0014] A vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device includes: a measuring electrode and a tractor for mounting the measuring electrode. The measuring electrode is mounted on the tractor via a lifting and adjusting mechanism. The lifting and adjusting mechanism includes a fixed mounting plate that is longitudinally fixed on the tractor and an electrode mounting seat that is horizontally slidably connected to the fixed mounting plate. The measuring electrode slides longitudinally with the electrode mounting seat and is connected to the telescopic shaft of a drive cylinder fixed to the top of the electrode mounting seat. The fixed mounting plate is provided with a horizontal sliding drive mechanism for driving the measuring electrode to slide horizontally with the electrode mounting seat relative to the fixed mounting plate.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the tractor-mounted measuring electrode can measure soil conductivity while performing rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations. Soil fertility information can be obtained based on the conductivity. There is no need to pull a separate testing vehicle for secondary operations on the same plot just to specifically measure soil fertility. This not only effectively improves the versatility of the equipment and meets the requirements of combined agricultural machinery operations, but also improves work efficiency. Moreover, measuring soil conductivity while rotary tillage, plowing, or harrowing operations is easier because the soil is softer after rotary tillage, plowing, or harrowing, which facilitates the insertion of the measuring electrode. On the one hand, it reduces the risk of damage to the measuring electrode from hard soil clods or even stones, thus extending the service life of the measuring electrode. On the other hand, the soil that has just been rotary tilled, plowed, or harrowed has not yet been dried by sun or wind, and the high humidity and water content are conducive to current conduction, thereby greatly improving the measurement accuracy.

[0016] During soil fertility measurement, the measuring electrode, driven by the hydraulic cylinder, moves up and down with the lifting and adjusting mechanism to insert or remove itself from the soil. Simultaneously, the horizontal drive mechanism drives the measuring electrode to slide horizontally against the direction of travel of the tractor along the fixed mounting plate within the lifting and adjusting mechanism. This compensates for the distance the tractor travels, ensuring that the longitudinal projection of the measuring electrode on the ground always matches the position of the measurement point during insertion or removal, until the measurement at that point is completed. During this process, the tractor does not need to stop and can continue rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations. This ensures that during multi-point measurements, frequent starting and stopping of the tractor is unnecessary, significantly improving the operational efficiency of the tractor and the efficiency of fertility testing.

[0017] A further feature of the present invention is that the upper and lower ends of the fixed mounting plate are respectively provided with a horizontal sliding groove one and a horizontal sliding groove two, and the two ends of the electrode mounting base are respectively slidably engaged with the horizontal sliding groove one and the horizontal sliding groove two through sliding pin one and sliding pin two.

[0018] The measuring electrode is fixed on the longitudinal slider, the telescopic shaft of the driving cylinder is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slider, the longitudinal slider is slidably engaged with the longitudinal groove on the electrode mounting seat, and the longitudinal slider is connected to the horizontal sliding drive mechanism.

[0019] The horizontal sliding drive mechanism includes a drive groove on a fixed mounting plate and a horizontal drive pin on a longitudinal slider. The drive groove is located between horizontal groove one and horizontal groove two. The drive groove includes an inclined drive groove one and drive groove two. One end of drive groove one and drive groove two are connected to each other to form a "V" shaped groove. The other ends of drive groove one and drive groove two are respectively connected to the two ends of drive groove three to form a closed groove together with drive groove three. The end of drive groove three near the direction of travel of the traction agricultural machinery (direction D) (end A) is located above the end of drive groove three away from the direction of travel of the traction agricultural machinery (direction D) (end C). The horizontal drive pin slides unidirectionally along the closed groove when the longitudinal slider slides longitudinally.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the telescopic shaft of the drive cylinder extends or retracts, it drives the longitudinal slider to slide up and down along the longitudinal groove on the electrode mounting seat. As the longitudinal slider slides up and down, it causes the measuring electrode fixedly connected to it to insert into or remove from the soil, thereby achieving soil fertility measurement. Simultaneously, as the longitudinal slider slides up and down along the longitudinal groove, it causes the horizontal drive pin to slide cyclically along the drive groove. Under the compression of the drive groove, the horizontal drive pin moves horizontally against the direction of travel of the traction machinery when inserted into or removed from the ground. That is, when the drive cylinder drives the longitudinal slider to slide downwards, the longitudinal slider causes the horizontal drive pin to slide from the end of the drive groove closest to the direction of travel of the traction machinery (D direction) (end A) to the end of the drive groove furthest away. At one end (end B) of the traction machine's travel direction (D-direction), during this process, drive groove one continuously presses laterally against the horizontal drive pin, causing the longitudinal slider to slide horizontally along horizontal slide groove one and horizontal slide groove two against the traction machine's travel direction (D-direction) along with the electrode mounting seat. During this horizontal sliding, the longitudinal slider drives the measuring electrode to slide horizontally synchronously, ensuring that the projection of the measuring electrode on the ground always matches the position of the measuring point during insertion into the soil. After measurement, the measuring electrode needs to be removed from the soil. The drive cylinder then drives the longitudinal slider to slide upwards. As the longitudinal slider slides upwards, it drives the horizontal drive pin from the end (end B) of drive groove one away from the traction machine's travel direction (D-direction) into the drive groove. Second, the longitudinal slider slides upward along drive groove 2 to the end (end C) connected to drive groove 3. During this process, drive groove 2 continuously presses the horizontal drive pin laterally, causing the longitudinal slider to continue sliding horizontally along horizontal grooves 1 and 2 against the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction machine. During the horizontal sliding process, the longitudinal slider drives the measuring electrode to slide horizontally synchronously, ensuring that the projection of the measuring electrode on the ground always matches the position of the measuring point during the process of removing the measuring electrode from the soil. After the measuring electrode leaves the ground, the drive cylinder will drive the longitudinal slider to continue rising to the initial height, that is, the height of the end (end A) of drive groove 1 closest to the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction machine. The drive cylinder drives the longitudinal slider to continue rising. At this time, the longitudinal slider will drive the horizontal drive pin to slide along the drive groove three from the end (end C) where drive groove two connects to drive groove three to the end where drive groove three connects to drive groove one, that is, the end (end A) of drive groove one that is closer to the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machine. During this process, drive groove three continuously squeezes the horizontal drive pin laterally, so that the longitudinal slider slides horizontally along horizontal slide groove one and horizontal slide groove two in the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machine, until the electrode mounting seat reaches its initial position in horizontal slide groove one and horizontal slide groove two. When the traction agricultural machine reaches the next measurement point, the above process is repeated, which can realize continuous, multi-point measurement. The traction agricultural machine continues to move forward throughout the process without frequent start and stop.

[0021] A further configuration of the present invention is as follows: the horizontal sliding drive mechanism includes two drive grooves disposed on a fixed mounting plate and a horizontal drive pin disposed on a longitudinal slider. The two drive grooves are both located between horizontal groove one and horizontal groove two. The two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove one and drive groove two to each other are connected at their close ends (end C). The two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove one and drive groove two to each other are connected at their far ends (end A and end C') to the two ends of drive groove three to form a closed groove with drive groove three. The end of drive groove three that is close to the direction of travel of the traction agricultural machinery (end A) is located above the end of drive groove three that is far from the direction of travel of the traction agricultural machinery (direction D) (end C'). When the longitudinal slider of the horizontal drive pin slides longitudinally, it slides unidirectionally along the closed groove.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, as the measuring electrode slides longitudinally along the longitudinal groove on the electrode mounting base along the longitudinal slider, the longitudinal slider slides along the drive groove on the side closer to the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery, until the first measurement is completed and the electrode is removed from the soil at the measurement point of the first measurement. At this time, the horizontal drive pin reaches end C. Then, the longitudinal slider continues to be driven along the horizontal drive pin into the drive groove on the side away from the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery, and the process of the first measurement is repeated along this drive groove, so that the measuring electrode is inserted and removed from the soil at the measurement point of the first measurement again. At this time, the horizontal drive pin reaches end C', thus completing the second measurement at the same measurement point. After the second measurement is completed, the longitudinal slider is driven along the horizontal drive pin along the... The drive groove three slides to the drive groove one (end A) near the end of the drive groove one (end A) near the direction of travel (D) of the tractor. Repeating the above process allows for continuous, multi-point secondary measurement operations. Throughout the process, the tractor continues to move forward without frequent starts and stops. By connecting the two drive grooves to the two ends of the drive groove three to form a closed groove, the measuring electrode is driven to complete two measurements at the same measurement point. The measurement data can be verified by comparing the first measurement with the second measurement. This not only avoids single measurement errors but can also be used for fertilization information comparison. There is no need to perform multiple special measurements for soil information. It also solves the problem of poor measurement accuracy caused by the inability to accurately coincide the same measurement point in multiple measurements.

[0023] A further feature of the present invention is that the connection between drive groove 1 and drive groove 2 in each of the drive grooves, as well as the connection between drive groove 1 and drive groove 2 and drive groove 3 in each of the drive grooves, are all stepped, and the side of each connection near the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin is higher than the side away from the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the longitudinal slider can only slide in the order of drive groove one, drive groove two, and drive groove three as the horizontal drive pin slides along each drive groove. This ensures that the measuring electrode slides horizontally against the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction motor during insertion and extraction from the ground. After the measuring electrode is extracted from the ground and returns to its initial height, it returns to its initial horizontal position relative to the traction motor in the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction machinery to prepare for the measurement operation of the next measurement point. The stepped setting allows the horizontal drive pin to always slide unidirectionally along the closed groove when it slides longitudinally with the longitudinal slider. This not only eliminates the need for a unidirectional adjustment mechanism, but also makes the manufacturing process convenient, cost-effective, and reliable.

[0025] A further feature of the present invention is that the longitudinal slider is provided with a mounting hole for mounting a horizontal drive pin, the horizontal drive pin is slidably engaged with the mounting hole, one end of the horizontal drive pin extends out of the mounting hole and is slidably engaged with the drive groove, and the other end of the horizontal drive pin is connected to the bottom of the mounting hole by a spring.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the horizontal drive pin is connected to the bottom of the mounting hole through a spring, so that the horizontal sliding pin can slide along the axial direction of the mounting hole. This ensures that the horizontal sliding pin can always contact the bottom of the drive groove 1, drive groove 2, and drive groove 3 during the unidirectional cyclic sliding process along the closed groove composed of drive groove 1, drive groove 2, and drive groove 3, thereby ensuring the reliability of the unidirectional cyclic sliding.

[0027] A further provision of the present invention is that the measuring electrode is connected to the electrical interface reserved in the traction machine electronic control unit via an H-bridge circuit.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the H-bridge circuit enables the periodic change of the positive and negative polarities of the output port of the traction machine electronic control unit, thereby achieving periodic reversal of the positive and negative polarities of the measuring electrodes. This avoids the situation where the positive electrode with a single polarity is attracted and enriched by anions during the measurement process, leading to poor measurement due to electrode corrosion. This effectively improves the service life of the measuring electrodes. Moreover, the reversal of the positive and negative polarities of the measuring electrodes can also verify the working status of the measuring electrodes. Specifically, the measuring electrodes are energized in the forward direction for the first measurement at the same measurement point, and in the reverse direction for the second measurement. By comparing the data from the two measurements, the difference is observed. If the two data are close or the error is within the allowable range, it indicates that the measuring electrodes are in good condition and the soil information data measurement is reliable. If the two data differ significantly, it indicates that the measuring electrodes are damaged or malfunctioning, and there is an anomaly in the data measurement. This achieves the effect of real-time monitoring of the working status of the measuring electrodes and verification of soil ion concentration. On the one hand, unlike the case of taking the average of two measurements or comparing the differences between two measurements when the electrode has a single polarity, this solution reduces the measurement error under a single polarity (approximately verifying through both positive and negative channels), resulting in higher reliability of soil information data. In environments requiring vehicle-mounted multi-point measurements and rapid results, this solution offers significant advantages. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of the measuring electrode's operational status ensures that operators can promptly detect the electrode's condition and replace or repair it in a timely manner. This effectively avoids issues such as questionable data accuracy caused by delayed maintenance or failure analysis during the design phase.

[0029] A further feature of the present invention is that the electronic control unit has a built-in 4G or 5G communication interface and is connected to a GPS positioning module.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the electronic control unit, while controlling the tractor to move forward in the paddy field and performing rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations, can upload soil fertility information measured by the measuring electrodes to the agricultural machinery information platform via 4G or 5G communication. This allows the agricultural machinery information platform to quickly obtain the necessary data. In addition, the combination with the GPS positioning module can assist the tractor to achieve precise positioning for multi-point measurements, thereby further improving the practicality of fertility testing. It also provides a basis for subsequent variable-rate fertilization or precision fertilization.

[0031] A further feature of the present invention is that the electronic control unit has a built-in EEPROM storage unit or a Flash storage unit.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solutions, EEPROM storage units or Flash storage units can realize the storage of agricultural machinery operation information (such as set height, backup of some historical fault data, etc.).

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] 1. This invention enables the measurement of soil electrical conductivity during rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations by hauling agricultural machinery with measuring electrodes. Soil fertility information is obtained based on the conductivity, eliminating the need to haul a separate testing vehicle for secondary operations on the same plot. This not only effectively improves the equipment's versatility and meets the requirements of combined agricultural machinery operations, increasing operational efficiency, but also allows for simultaneous measurement of soil electrical conductivity during rotary tillage, plowing, or harrowing. The looser soil after rotary tillage, plowing, or harrowing facilitates electrode insertion, reducing the risk of damage to the measuring electrodes from hard clods or even stones, thus extending their lifespan. Furthermore, the high moisture content in the soil after rotary tillage or harrowing, before it has dried, promotes current conduction and improves measurement accuracy.

[0035] 2. In the process of measuring soil fertility, the measuring electrode is raised and lowered by the lifting and adjusting mechanism under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder to insert or remove itself from the soil. During this process, the horizontal drive mechanism drives the measuring electrode to slide horizontally against the direction of the traction machine along the fixed mounting plate in the lifting and adjusting mechanism. This compensates for the distance the traction machine travels, ensuring that the longitudinal projection of the measuring electrode on the ground always matches the position of the measuring point during the insertion or removal of the measuring electrode from the soil until the measurement at that point is completed. During this process, the traction machine does not need to stop and can continue to perform rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations. This ensures that during multi-point measurements, there is no need for frequent starting and stopping of the traction machine, greatly improving the operating efficiency of the traction machine and the efficiency of fertility detection.

[0036] 3. In this invention, the connection points between drive groove one and drive groove two in each of the drive grooves, as well as the connections between drive groove one and drive groove two and drive groove three in each of the drive grooves, are all stepped. The side of each connection point closer to the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin is higher than the side farther from the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin. This ensures that the longitudinal slider can only slide in the order of drive groove one, drive groove two, and drive groove three as it slides along each drive groove with the horizontal drive pin. This guarantees that the measuring electrode slides horizontally against the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction motor during insertion and extraction from the ground. After the measuring electrode is extracted from the ground and returns to its initial height, it returns to its initial horizontal position relative to the traction motor along the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction machinery to prepare for the measurement operation of the next measurement point. The stepped design allows the horizontal drive pin to always slide unidirectionally along the closed groove when it slides longitudinally with the longitudinal slider. This not only eliminates the need for a unidirectional adjustment mechanism but also makes the manufacturing process convenient, cost-effective, and reliable.

[0037] 4. In this invention, the horizontal drive pin is connected to the bottom of the mounting hole via a spring, allowing the horizontal sliding pin to slide axially along the mounting hole. This ensures that the horizontal sliding pin can always contact the bottom of the drive grooves 1, 2, and 3 during the unidirectional cyclic sliding process along the closed grooves formed by drive groove 1, drive groove 2, and drive groove 3, thereby ensuring the reliability of the unidirectional cyclic sliding.

[0038] 5. When the horizontal sliding drive mechanism of this invention is equipped with two drive grooves, the measuring electrode can realize continuous, multi-point secondary measurement operations. Throughout the process, the traction agricultural machinery continues to move forward. After the two drive grooves are connected to the two ends of the drive groove three, they form a closed groove with the drive groove three to drive the measuring electrode to complete two measurements at the same measuring point. The measurement data can be verified by comparing the first measurement with the second measurement. This not only avoids single measurement errors, but can also be used for fertilizer information comparison. There is no need to perform multiple special measurements for soil information. At the same time, it also solves the problem of poor measurement accuracy caused by the inability to accurately overlap the same measuring point in multiple measurements.

[0039] 6. This invention uses an H-bridge circuit to periodically change the polarity of the output port of the traction machine's electronic control unit, thereby achieving periodic reversal of the positive and negative polarities of the measuring electrodes. This avoids the situation where the positive electrode, with its single polarity, is attracted and enriched by anions during measurement, leading to corrosion and poor measurement results. This effectively improves the service life of the measuring electrodes. Furthermore, the reversal of the measuring electrode polarity allows for verification of the electrode's operating status. Specifically, the measuring electrode is energized in the forward direction for the first measurement at the same measurement point, and in the reverse direction for the second measurement. By comparing the data from both measurements, if the two sets of data are similar or the error is within the allowable range, it indicates that the measuring electrode is in good condition and the soil information data measurement is reliable. If the two sets of data differ significantly, it indicates that the measuring electrode is damaged or malfunctioning, and the data measurement is abnormal. This achieves the effect of real-time monitoring of the measuring electrode's operating status and verification of soil ion concentration. On the one hand, unlike the method of averaging two measurements or comparing the differences between two measurements when the electrode has a single polarity, this scheme reduces the measurement error under a single polarity (approximately verifying through both forward and reverse channels), resulting in higher reliability of the soil information data. In environments requiring vehicle-mounted multi-point measurements and rapid results, this solution offers significant advantages. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of the measuring electrode's operational status ensures that operators can promptly detect the electrode's condition and replace or repair it in a timely manner. This effectively avoids issues such as questionable data accuracy caused by delayed maintenance or failure analysis during the design phase. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part M in the diagram.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection between the horizontal drive pin and the longitudinal slider in a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the longitudinal slider connected to the measuring electrode sliding along the drive groove with the horizontal sliding pin in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which is a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drive slide groove on the fixed mounting plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which is a vehicle-mounted detection device for paddy field soil information.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the longitudinal slider connected to the measuring electrode sliding along the drive groove with the horizontal sliding pin in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, which is a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device.

[0047] In the diagram, 1. Measuring electrode; 2. Traction machine; 3. Lifting and adjusting mechanism; 31. Fixed mounting plate; 32. Electrode mounting base; 33. Horizontal slide groove one; 34. Horizontal slide groove two; 35. Sliding pin one; 36. Sliding pin two; 37. Longitudinal slider; 38. Longitudinal slide groove; 39. Mounting hole; 30. Spring; 4. Drive cylinder; 5. Horizontal sliding drive mechanism; 51. Drive slide groove; 52. Horizontal drive pin; 511. Drive groove one; 512. Drive groove two; 53. Drive groove three. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device includes: a measuring electrode 1 and a tractor 2 for mounting the measuring electrode 1. The measuring electrode 1 is mounted on the tractor 2 via a lifting and adjusting mechanism 3. The lifting and adjusting mechanism 3 includes a fixed mounting plate 31 longitudinally fixedly mounted on the tractor 2 and an electrode mounting seat 32 horizontally slidably connected to the fixed mounting plate 31. The measuring electrode 1 is longitudinally slidably engaged with the electrode mounting seat 32 and connected to the telescopic shaft of a drive cylinder 4 fixed to the top of the electrode mounting seat 32. The fixed mounting plate 31 is provided with a horizontal sliding drive mechanism 5 for driving the measuring electrode 1 to slide horizontally with the electrode mounting seat 32 relative to the fixed mounting plate 31.

[0051] Furthermore, the upper and lower ends of the fixed mounting plate 31 are respectively provided with horizontal sliding groove 33 and horizontal sliding groove 34, and the two ends of the electrode mounting base 32 are respectively slidably engaged with horizontal sliding groove 33 and horizontal sliding groove 34 through sliding pin 35 and sliding pin 36.

[0052] Furthermore, the measuring electrode 1 is fixed on the longitudinal slider 37, the telescopic shaft of the driving cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slider 37, the longitudinal slider 37 is slidably engaged with the longitudinal groove 38 on the electrode mounting base 32, and the longitudinal slider 37 is connected to the horizontal sliding drive mechanism 5.

[0053] Furthermore, the horizontal sliding drive mechanism 5 includes a drive groove 51 disposed on the fixed mounting plate 31 and a horizontal drive pin 52 disposed on the longitudinal slider 37. The drive groove 51 is located between the first horizontal groove 33 and the second horizontal groove 34. The drive groove 51 includes an inclined drive groove 511 and a second drive groove 512. One end of the first drive groove 511 and the second drive groove 512 are connected to each other to form a "V" shaped groove. The other ends of the first drive groove 511 and the second drive groove 512 are respectively connected to the two ends of the third drive groove 53 and together with the third drive groove 53, they form a closed groove. The end of the third drive groove 53 near the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2 (end A) is located above the end of the third drive groove 53 away from the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2 (end C). The horizontal drive pin 52 slides unidirectionally along the closed groove when the longitudinal slider 37 slides longitudinally.

[0054] Furthermore, the connection points between drive groove 1 511 and drive groove 2 512 in each of the drive grooves 51, as well as the connection points between drive groove 1 511 and drive groove 2 512 and drive groove 3 53 in each of the drive grooves 51, are all stepped. The side of each connection point closer to the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin 52 is higher than the side farther from the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin 52.

[0055] Furthermore, the longitudinal slider 37 is provided with a mounting hole 39 for mounting a horizontal drive pin 52. The horizontal drive pin 52 is slidably engaged with the mounting hole 39. One end of the horizontal drive pin 52 extends out of the mounting hole 39 and is slidably engaged with the drive groove 51. The other end of the horizontal drive pin 52 is connected to the bottom of the mounting hole 39 through a spring 30.

[0056] Furthermore, the measuring electrode 1 is connected to the electrical interface reserved in the electronic control unit of the traction machine via an H-bridge circuit.

[0057] Furthermore, the electronic control unit has a built-in 4G or 5G communication interface and is connected to a GPS positioning module.

[0058] Furthermore, the electronic control unit has a built-in EEPROM storage unit or Flash storage unit.

[0059] In this invention, the towing agricultural machinery 2 can be a tractor or a ride-on high-speed rice transplanter. By driving the working implements, the towing agricultural machinery 2 can move forward in the paddy field while simultaneously performing rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations. Therefore, by mounting the measuring electrode 1 on the towing agricultural machinery 2, soil conductivity can be measured simultaneously during rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations, and soil fertility information can be obtained based on the conductivity. This eliminates the need to tow a separate testing vehicle for secondary operations on the same plot of land specifically for soil fertility measurement, effectively improving the efficiency of the equipment. The device is designed to meet the requirements of combined agricultural machinery operations, improve operational efficiency, and measure soil conductivity while rotary tilling, plowing, or harrowing. The loose soil after rotary tilling, plowing, or harrowing facilitates the insertion of the measuring electrode 1. This reduces the risk of damage to the measuring electrode 1 from hard clods or even stones, extending its service life. Furthermore, the high moisture content and humidity of the soil after rotary tilling, plowing, or harrowing, before it has dried, promotes current conduction and significantly improves measurement accuracy.

[0060] During soil fertility measurement, the extension and retraction of the telescopic shaft of the drive cylinder 4 drives the longitudinal slider 37 to slide vertically up and down along the longitudinal groove 38 on the electrode mounting base 32. As the longitudinal slider 37 slides vertically up and down, it causes the measuring electrode 1, which is fixedly connected to it, to insert or remove from the soil, thus achieving soil fertility measurement. Simultaneously, as the longitudinal slider 37 slides vertically up and down along the longitudinal groove 38, it causes the horizontal drive pin 52 to slide cyclically along the drive groove 51. Under the pressure of the drive groove 51, the horizontal drive pin 52 moves horizontally against the forward direction of the traction machine 2 when inserted into or removed from the ground. That is, when the drive cylinder 4 drives the longitudinal slider 37 to slide downwards, the longitudinal slider 37 causes the horizontal drive pin 52 to move from the drive groove 511 closer to the traction machine 2. The end (A end) of the traveling direction (D direction) slides to the end (B end) of the drive groove 511 away from the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction machine 2. During this process, the drive groove 511 continuously presses the horizontal drive pin 52 laterally, causing the longitudinal slider 37 to slide horizontally along the horizontal slide groove 33 and the horizontal slide groove 34 against the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction machine 2, along with the electrode mounting seat 32. During the horizontal sliding process, the longitudinal slider 37 drives the measuring electrode 1 to slide horizontally synchronously, ensuring that the projection of the measuring electrode 1 on the ground always matches the position of the measuring point during the insertion of the measuring electrode 1 into the soil. After the measurement is completed, the measuring electrode 1 needs to be removed from the soil. The drive cylinder 4 starts to drive the longitudinal slider 37 to slide upward. When the longitudinal slider 37 slides upward, it will bring The horizontal drive pin 52 enters the second drive groove 512 from the end (B end) of the drive groove 1 511 away from the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2, and slides upward along the second drive groove 512 to the end (C end) connected to the third drive groove 53. During this process, the second drive groove 512 continuously presses the horizontal drive pin 52 laterally, causing the longitudinal slider 37 to continue to slide horizontally along the first horizontal groove 33 and the second horizontal groove 34 against the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2, along with the electrode mounting seat 32. During the horizontal sliding process, the longitudinal slider 37 drives the measuring electrode 1 to slide horizontally synchronously, ensuring that the projection of the measuring electrode 1 on the ground always matches the position of the measuring point during the process of removing the measuring electrode 1 from the soil. When the measuring electrode 1 leaves the ground, the drive cylinder 4 will drive the longitudinal slider 37 to slide horizontally. As the slider 37 continues to rise to its initial height, i.e., the height of the end of the drive groove 1 511 closest to the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2 (end A), the drive cylinder 4 drives the longitudinal slider 37 to continue rising. The longitudinal slider 37 will then drive the horizontal drive pin 52 to slide along the drive groove 3 53 from the end (end C) where the drive groove 2 512 connects to the drive groove 3 53 to the end (end A) where the drive groove 3 53 connects to the drive groove 1 511, i.e., the end (end A) where the drive groove 1 511 is closest to the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2. During this process, the drive groove 3 53 continuously presses the horizontal drive pin 52 laterally, causing the longitudinal slider 37 to slide horizontally along the horizontal slide groove 1 33 and the horizontal slide groove 2 34 along the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2, along with the electrode mounting base 32.Until the electrode mounting base reaches its initial position in horizontal slide 33 and horizontal slide 34, the process is repeated after the tractor 2 reaches the next measurement point. This allows for continuous, multi-point measurements. Throughout the process, the tractor 2 continues to move forward without frequent starts and stops, and can still perform rotary tillage, plowing, harrowing, or rice transplanting operations. This ensures that frequent starts and stops of the tractor are unnecessary during multi-point measurements, greatly improving the operating efficiency and fertility detection efficiency of the tractor 2.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment has the same structure and principle as Embodiment 1, except that the horizontal sliding drive mechanism 5 includes two drive grooves 51 disposed on the fixed mounting plate 31 and a horizontal drive pin 52 disposed on the longitudinal slider 37. Both drive grooves 51 are located between horizontal groove one 33 and horizontal groove two 34. The two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove one 511 and drive groove two 512 in the two drive grooves 51 are connected at their close ends (end C). The two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove 1 511 and drive groove 2 512 are separated by their opposite ends (end A and end C') and then connected to the two ends of drive groove 3 53 to form a closed groove. The end of drive groove 3 53 closest to the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2 (end A) is located above the end of drive groove 3 53 furthest from the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2 (end C'). The horizontal drive pin 52 slides unidirectionally along the closed groove when it slides longitudinally with the longitudinal slider 37.

[0063] When the horizontal sliding drive mechanism 5 is equipped with two drive grooves 51, the measuring electrode 1 can perform continuous, multi-point secondary measurement operations. As the measuring electrode 1 slides longitudinally along the longitudinal groove 38 on the electrode mounting base 32 with the longitudinal slider 37, the longitudinal slider 37 slides along the drive groove 51 on the side closer to the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2 with the horizontal drive pin 52, until the first measurement is completed and the electrode is removed from the soil at the first measurement point. At this point, the horizontal drive pin 52 reaches end C. Then, the longitudinal slider 37 continues to be driven by the horizontal drive pin 52 into the drive groove 51 on the side away from the traveling direction (D direction) of the traction agricultural machinery 2, and the process of the first measurement is repeated along this drive groove 51, causing the measuring electrode 1 to be inserted and removed from the soil at the first measurement point again. At this point, the horizontal drive pin reaches end C', thus completing the second measurement at the same measurement point. When the first measurement is completed... After the second measurement, the longitudinal slider 37 is driven along the drive groove 3 53 with the horizontal drive pin 52 to the drive groove 1 511 of the drive groove 51 near the end (end A) of the drive groove 51 near the end of the drive groove 2 in the direction of travel (D direction). The above process is repeated to realize continuous, multi-point secondary measurement operation. Throughout the process, the tractor 2 continues to move forward without frequent start and stop. The two drive grooves 51 are connected to the two ends of the drive groove 3 53 to form a closed groove to drive the measuring electrode 1 to complete two measurements at the same measurement point. The measurement data can be verified by comparing the first measurement with the second measurement. This not only avoids single measurement errors, but can also be used for fertilizer information comparison. There is no need to perform multiple special measurements for soil information. At the same time, it also solves the problem of poor measurement accuracy caused by the inability to accurately coincide the same measurement point in multiple measurements.

[0064] Furthermore, measuring electrode 1 is connected to the electrical interface reserved in the traction machine electronic control unit via an H-bridge circuit. The H-bridge circuit allows the positive and negative polarities of the output port of the traction machine electronic control unit to change periodically, thereby achieving periodic reversal of the positive and negative polarities of measuring electrode 1. This avoids the situation where the positive electrode with a single polarity is attracted and enriched by anions during the measurement process, leading to corrosion of measuring electrode 1 and poor measurement, effectively improving the service life of measuring electrode 1. Moreover, the reversal of the positive and negative polarities of measuring electrode 1 can also verify its working status. That is, when measuring electrode 1 is energized in the forward direction for the first measurement at the same measurement point, and in the reverse direction for the second measurement, the data from the two measurements are compared. If the two data are close or the error is within the allowable range, it indicates that measuring electrode 1 is in good condition. If the two data differ significantly, it indicates that measuring electrode 1 is damaged or faulty. This achieves the effect of real-time monitoring of the working status of measuring electrode 1, ensuring that the operator can promptly detect the status of measuring electrode 1 and replace or repair it in a timely manner. This effectively avoids problems such as doubts about the accuracy of data caused by untimely maintenance of measuring electrode 1 during use or failure analysis not considered in the design.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device, characterized in that: include: Measuring electrode (1) and traction agricultural machinery (2) for mounting measuring electrode (1). The measuring electrode (1) is mounted on the traction agricultural machinery (2) via a lifting adjustment mechanism (3). The lifting adjustment mechanism (3) includes a fixed mounting plate (31) longitudinally fixed on the traction agricultural machinery (2) and an electrode mounting seat (32) horizontally slidably connected to the fixed mounting plate (31). The measuring electrode (1) is longitudinally slidably engaged with the electrode mounting seat (32) and connected to the telescopic shaft of the drive cylinder (4) fixed on the top of the electrode mounting seat (32). The fixed mounting plate (31) is provided with a horizontal sliding drive mechanism (5) for driving the measuring electrode (1) to slide horizontally with the electrode mounting seat (32) relative to the fixed mounting plate (31). The upper and lower ends of the fixed mounting plate (31) are respectively provided with horizontal sliding groove one (33) and horizontal sliding groove two (34). The two ends of the electrode mounting base (32) are respectively slidably engaged with horizontal sliding groove one (33) and horizontal sliding groove two (34) through sliding pin one (35) and sliding pin two (36). The measuring electrode (1) is fixed on the longitudinal slider (37), the telescopic shaft of the driving cylinder (4) is fixedly connected to the longitudinal slider (37), the longitudinal slider (37) is slidably engaged with the longitudinal groove (38) on the electrode mounting seat (32), and the longitudinal slider (37) is connected to the horizontal sliding drive mechanism (5). The horizontal sliding drive mechanism (5) includes a drive groove (51) disposed on a fixed mounting plate (31) and a horizontal drive pin (52) disposed on a longitudinal slider (37). The drive groove (51) is located between a first horizontal groove (33) and a second horizontal groove (34). The drive groove (51) includes a first drive groove (511) and a second drive groove (512) disposed at an inclination. One end of the first drive groove (511) and the second drive groove (512) are connected to each other to form a "V" shaped groove. The other ends of the drive groove 1 (511) and drive groove 2 (512) are connected to the two ends of drive groove 3 (53) respectively, and together they form a closed groove. The end of drive groove 3 (53) near the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machine (2) (end A) is located above the end of drive groove 3 (53) away from the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machine (2) (end C). The horizontal drive pin (52) slides unidirectionally along the closed groove when the longitudinal slider (37) slides longitudinally. Alternatively, the horizontal sliding drive mechanism (5) includes two drive grooves (51) on the fixed mounting plate (31) and a horizontal drive pin (52) on the longitudinal slider (37). The two drive grooves (51) are located between horizontal groove one (33) and horizontal groove two (34). The two drive grooves (51) are connected by two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove one (511) and drive groove two (512) respectively. The two drive grooves (51) are connected by two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove one (511) and drive groove two (512) respectively. The two drive grooves (51) are connected by two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove one (511) and drive groove two (512) respectively. The two drive grooves (51) are connected by two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of drive groove one (511) and drive groove two (512) respectively. The two "V"-shaped grooves formed by connecting one end of the drive groove (512) and the other end of the drive groove (53) are connected to each other and form a closed groove. The end of the drive groove (53) that is close to the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machine (2) (end A) is located above the end of the drive groove (53) that is far away from the direction of travel (D direction) of the traction agricultural machine (2) (end C'). The horizontal drive pin (52) slides unidirectionally along the closed groove when the longitudinal slider (37) slides longitudinally.

2. The vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between drive groove 1 (511) and drive groove 2 (512) in each drive groove (51) and the connection between drive groove 1 (511) and drive groove 2 (512) and drive groove 3 (53) in each drive groove (51) are all stepped. The side of each connection that is closer to the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin (52) is higher than the side that is farther away from the sliding start end of the horizontal drive pin (52).

3. The vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The longitudinal slider (37) is provided with a mounting hole (39) for mounting a horizontal drive pin (52). The horizontal drive pin (52) slides in the mounting hole (39). One end of the horizontal drive pin (52) extends out of the mounting hole (39) and slides in the drive groove (51). The other end of the horizontal drive pin (52) is connected to the bottom of the mounting hole (39) through a spring (30).

4. The vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring electrode (1) is connected to the electrical interface reserved in the electronic control unit of the traction machine through the H-bridge circuit.

5. The vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electronic control unit has a built-in 4G or 5G communication interface and is connected to a GPS positioning module.

6. The vehicle-mounted paddy field soil information detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electronic control unit has a built-in EEPROM storage unit or Flash storage unit.

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