A high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge

Abstract

This invention relates to microwave source devices in the field of high-power microwave technology, particularly a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generating device with a loaded rectangular ridge. The device includes a cathode holder, cathode, anode outer cylinder, cutoff neck, a pre-positioned double-gap modulation cavity, a slow-wave structure, a trapezoidal collector, a collector baffle, a rear-positioned reflector cavity, an output waveguide, and a solenoid magnetic field. The entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about its central axis. This invention employs a non-homogenized, loaded rectangular ridge slow-wave structure to enhance beam-wave interaction, and uses a rear-positioned reflector cavity to reflect part of the microwaves back to the slow-wave structure, further enhancing the electric field and electron beam modulation, thereby improving microwave conversion efficiency. This invention overcomes the difficulty of achieving a conversion efficiency of less than 50% in conventional relativistic Cherenkov oscillators, and has advantages such as fast start-up time and high conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to microwave source devices in the field of high-power microwave technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generating device with a loaded rectangular ridge, belonging to the field of high-power microwave technology. Background Technology

[0002] High-power microwaves are generally defined as electromagnetic waves with peak power exceeding 100 MW and frequencies ranging from 1 GHz to 300 GHz. With the development of pulsed power technology, plasma physics, and vacuum electro-optical technology, high-power microwave technology has emerged as a research field with broad application prospects in cutting-edge areas such as plasma heating, high-power radar, and particle acceleration.

[0003] A high-power microwave source is a device in a high-power microwave system that converts the energy of a high-current relativistic electron beam into microwave energy, thus generating high-power microwaves. The relativistic Cherenkov oscillator is one of the most promising high-power microwave source devices. It utilizes the interaction between a high-current relativistic electron beam and the eigenmodes of a high-frequency electromagnetic structure to generate Cherenkov radiation, which then self-oscillates to produce high-power microwaves. When the electromagnetic wave in the slow-wave structure is a backwave, this type of relativistic Cherenkov oscillator is called a relativistic backwave oscillator. Currently, achieving high beam-to-wave conversion efficiency in relativistic Cherenkov oscillators is an important research direction, as high beam-to-wave conversion efficiency is essential for further miniaturization and compactness of high-power microwave sources.

[0004] The main research areas in high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov oscillators include the following:

[0005] In 2010, Zhang Jun et al. from the National University of Defense Technology studied a C-band resonant relativistic backward wave oscillator [Zhang Jun, Jin Zhenxing, Zhong Huihuang, et al. Design and high-frequency characteristics of C-band resonant relativistic backward wave oscillator [J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2010, 22(10).]. (Hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 1, such as...) Figure 1 (As shown). This structure consists of a ring cathode, anode, cutoff neck, insertion waveguide, slow-wave structure, reflector, tapered waveguide, and collector. The entire device is rotationally symmetrical about its center. This scheme adjusts the phase difference between the -1st returned wave and the forward fundamental wave by adding a smooth waveguide between the slow-wave structure and the cutoff neck. Different phase differences affect the beam-wave interaction effect. Under the conditions of a guiding magnetic field of 2.5T, diode voltage of 780kV, and current of 7.8kA, the conversion efficiency of the C-band microwave with an output power of 1.5GW is only 25%. This scheme has a relatively high operating voltage and current, and the small number of blades in the slow-wave structure leads to low conversion efficiency, which needs further improvement.

[0006] In 2021, Cao Yibing et al. from the Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology studied a high-efficiency, long-pulse relativistic backward wave oscillator [Cao Yibing, Sun Jun, Song Zhimin, et al. Studies of a high-efficiency, long-pulse relativistic backward wave oscillator[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2021, 28(2): 023113.]. (Hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 2, such as...) Figure 2 (As shown). This structure consists of a cathode, a resonant reflecting cavity, slow-wave structure 1, slow-wave structure 2, an extraction cavity, and a coaxial collector. The entire device is rotationally symmetrical about its center. This scheme uses a segmented slow-wave structure. Slow-wave structure 1 sufficiently modulates the electron beam's velocity, resulting in spatial synchronization enhancement of the electron beam and the structure wave in slow-wave structure 2, thereby improving the conversion efficiency. Under conditions of diode voltage 800kV, current 9.7kA, and guiding magnetic field 2.2T, the output power is 3.7GW, and the conversion efficiency is 47%, which is a 7% improvement compared to the relativistic backward wave tube oscillator without the segmented slow-wave structure. This scheme has a high conversion efficiency, but its operating voltage and current are still relatively large. Further reduction of the operating voltage and current is needed.

[0007] Analyzing the current state of research, it is not difficult to see that the relativistic Cherenkov oscillator research has achieved a conversion efficiency of over 40%, but most technical solutions achieve high efficiency under high voltage and high current conditions, and it is difficult to break through 50% in terms of conversion efficiency.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to study a relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator that can operate under low voltage and low current conditions with high conversion efficiency, but no technical solution has been publicly reported yet. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to provide a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge. It employs a non-homogenized, slow-wave structure with a loaded rectangular ridge to enhance beam-wave interaction, and uses a rear-mounted reflector to reflect part of the microwaves back to the slow-wave structure, further strengthening the electric field and electron beam modulation, thereby improving microwave conversion efficiency. This invention overcomes the difficulty of achieving a conversion efficiency of over 50% in conventional relativistic Cherenkov oscillators, and has advantages such as fast start-up time and high conversion efficiency.

[0010] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0011] A high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generating device with a loaded rectangular ridge includes a cathode holder 301, a cathode 302, an anode outer cylinder 303, a cutoff neck 304, a front-mounted double-gap modulation cavity 305, a slow-wave structure 306, a trapezoidal collector 307, a collector baffle 308, a rear-mounted reflector cavity 309, an output waveguide 310, and a solenoid magnetic field 311; the entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis.

[0012] The cathode 302 is a thin-walled cylinder with a wall thickness of 2mm and a radius of R1, fitted onto the right end of the cathode holder 301. The inner surface of the anode outer cylinder 303 has irregular corrugations, forming a high-frequency structure. The cutoff neck 304 is disk-shaped with a radius of R2, satisfying R2>R1, and a width of L1, which is designed according to the operating wavelength λ. The pre-amplified dual-gap modulation cavity 305 is composed of two cascaded resonant cavities. The outer radius of the first resonant cavity is R3, and the inner radius is R4, satisfying R3>R4>R2, with a width of L2. L2 is generally taken as 0.2-0.3 times the operating wavelength λ. The two resonant cavities are connected by a disk with a radius of R4 and a width of L3, where L3 is generally taken as 0.1-0.2 times the operating wavelength λ. The second resonant cavity is connected by a disk with a radius of R4 and a width of L3. The front dual-gap modulation cavity has a radius of R5 and an inner radius of R4, satisfying R3>R5. Its width is L4, typically 0.4-0.5 times the operating wavelength λ. L2, L3, and L4 satisfy L4>L2>L3. All parameters of the front dual-gap modulation cavity need to be optimized based on the operating wavelength λ to prevent the generated microwaves from being transmitted back to the cathode region. The slow-wave structure 306 is connected to the front dual-gap modulation cavity 305 by a disk with a radius of R2 and a width of L5, typically 0.3-0.4 times the operating wavelength λ. The slow-wave structure 306 consists of six trapezoidal blades. The first slow-wave blade is a right-angled trapezoid with an outer radius of R6, an inner radius of R2, an upper base length of L6, and a projected length of L on the hypotenuse. 22 The first and second slow-wave blades are connected by a disk with radius R2 and width L7, where L7 is typically 5mm-15mm. The second slow-wave blade is an isosceles trapezoid with an outer radius of R7 (R7>R6), an inner radius of R2, and a top base length of L8 (L8>L6). The projection lengths of both hypotenuses are L. 23 Satisfying L 23 >L 22 The second and third slow-wave blades are connected by a disk with radius R2 and width L9, where L9 is typically 1mm-10mm. The third trapezoidal slow-wave blade has an outer radius of R8, satisfying R6>R8, an inner radius of R2, and an upper base length of L. 10 Satisfying L8>L 10 The length of the projection of the longer hypotenuse is L. 24 The projection length of the shorter hypotenuse is L. 25 Satisfying L 24 >L23 >L 25 The third and fourth slow-wave blades are separated by a section with a radius of R2 and a width of L. 11 The disk connection, L 11 The typical value is 1mm-10mm; the outer radius of the fourth trapezoidal slow-wave blade is R. 10 Satisfying R 10 R7, inner radius R2, upper base length L 12 Satisfying L 10 >L 12 The length of the projection of the shorter hypotenuse is L. 26 The length of the projection of the longer hypotenuse is L. 27 Satisfying L 27 >L 23 >L 26 A cavity with an outer radius of R9 and an inner radius of R is carved out at the top of the fourth slow-wave blade. 10 , width L 12 The annular cavity (called the rectangular ridge); the fourth and fifth slow-wave blades are separated by a radius of R2 and a width of L. 13 The disk connection, L 13 The typical value is 1mm-10mm; the outer radius of the fifth trapezoidal slow-wave blade is R. 10 The inner radius is R2, and the length of the upper base is L. 14 Satisfying L 14 >L 12 The length of the projection of the longer hypotenuse is L. 28 The length of the projection of the shorter hypotenuse is L. 29 Satisfying L 28 >L 29 >L 23 A cavity with an outer radius of R9 and an inner radius of R is carved out at the top of the fifth slow-wave blade. 10 , width L 14 The annular cavity (called the rectangular ridge); the fifth and sixth slow-wave blades are separated by a radius of R2 and a width of L. 15 The disk connection, L 15 The typical value is 1mm-10mm; the sixth slow-wave blade is a right-angled trapezoid with an outer radius of R. 11 Satisfying R 10 >R 11 The inner radius is R2, and the length of the upper base is L. 16 Satisfying L 16 >L 14 The length of the hypotenuse projection is L. 30 Satisfying L 23 >L 30 A cavity with an outer radius of R is carved out at the top of the sixth slow-wave blade. 12 The inner radius is R11 , width L 16 A circular annular cavity (called a rectangular ridge) satisfies R9 > R 12 The slow-wave structure 306 and the trapezoidal collector 307 are separated by a section with an outer radius of R. 13 The inner radius is R 15 , width L 17 A circular annular cavity that satisfies R2>R 13 >R 15 L 17 The design needs to be based on a combination of the electron beam bombardment position and the magnetic field configuration, and is generally taken as 0.1-0.2 times the working wavelength λ; the trapezoidal collector 307 is an annular cavity with a right trapezoidal cross-section and an outer radius of R. 14 Satisfying R 14 >R 13 The inner radius is R 15 The length of the upper base is L 19 The projected length of the hypotenuse is L. 18 L 18 and L 19 The design needs to be based on a combination of the electron beam bombardment location and the magnetic field configuration. 18 The value is generally taken as 0.1-0.2 times the working wavelength λ, L 19 The values ​​are generally taken as 0.8-0.9 times the operating wavelength λ; the collector baffle 308 is a baffle with an inner radius of R. 15 The outer radius is R 16 The ring shape prevents the plasma generated by electron bombardment of the collector electrode from diffusing to other parts of the device; the trapezoidal collector electrode 307 and the rear reflective cavity 309 are separated by a radius of R. 16 , width L 20 The disk connection, L 20 The design requires a combination of the reflection characteristics of the rear reflector and the operating wavelength λ, which is typically taken as 0.2-0.3 times the operating wavelength λ. The rear reflector 309 is a structure with an inner radius of R. 16 The outer radius is R 17 Satisfying R 17 >R 14 , width L 21 cylindrical cavity, L 21 The operating wavelength λ needs to be comprehensively designed, and is generally taken as 0.6-0.8 times the operating wavelength λ; the output waveguide 310 is a waveguide with a radius of R. 16 The circular waveguide has a length of 3-5 times the operating wavelength λ.

[0013] The working process of this invention is as follows: The pulse voltage generated by the pulse power drive source is applied to the cathode 302 via the cathode holder 301. The right end face of the cathode 302 generates a high-current relativistic electron beam based on explosive emission, which is transmitted to the high-frequency structure under the guidance of the solenoid magnetic field 311. The electron beam passes through the cutoff neck 304, the pre-amplified dual-gap modulation cavity 305, and the slow-wave structure 306, and finally bombards the trapezoidal collector 307. After the slow-wave structure is loaded with a rectangular ridge, it can excite a stronger electric field, which enhances the modulation effect on the electron beam and transfers more energy to the radio frequency field, thereby oscillating and generating microwaves. The generated microwaves are modulated by the rear reflector cavity 309 and finally radiated outward through the output waveguide 310.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0015] 1. This invention provides a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a rectangular ridge. The rectangular ridge adds a larger radius to the slow-wave structure, effectively improving the coupling impedance. Simultaneously, a stronger standing wave field is excited within the cavity, causing the clustered electron beam to be more strongly modulated as it passes through, thus surrendering more energy to the synchronizing radio frequency field. This increased extraction efficiency leads to higher output microwave power, thereby improving conversion efficiency.

[0016] 2. The high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by this invention adds a rear-reflecting cavity at the front end of the output waveguide, compared to a relativistic Cherenkov oscillator. By adjusting the reflection characteristics of the rear-reflecting cavity, microwaves of a specific frequency band can be reflected back to the slow-wave structure region. The reflected microwaves will further modulate the electron beam, increasing the modulation depth and thus improving the conversion efficiency.

[0017] 3. The high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generating device with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention adopts a front-mounted dual-gap modulation cavity. The front-mounted dual-gap modulation cavity can effectively modulate the electron beam before the electron beam enters the slow-wave structure region, thereby deepening the electron beam velocity modulation. At the same time, when the oscillating microwave is reflected and propagates in the opposite direction, it can block the microwave from entering the diode region and then reflect the microwave back to the slow-wave structure region to participate in the beam wave action, thereby improving the conversion efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The background section presents a schematic diagram of the structure of a C-band resonant relativistic backward wave oscillator disclosed in prior art 1.

[0019] Figure 2 The background section presents a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency, long-pulse relativistic backward wave tube oscillator disclosed in prior art 2.

[0020] Figure 3A cross-sectional view AA of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A cross-sectional perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 The S-shaped pre-dual-gap modulation cavity of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention 11 Graph showing the variation with frequency;

[0023] Figure 6 The S-shaped rear-reflecting cavity of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention... 21 Graph showing the variation with frequency;

[0024] Figure 7 A graph showing the injection power versus time of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge, provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 Output microwave power diagram of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 The output microwave spectrum of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 A comparison diagram of the output microwave power with and without a loaded rectangular ridge in a preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 A comparison diagram of the output microwave power of a preferred embodiment of a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with and without a rear reflector cavity, provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 A preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention is shown in the figure as the efficiency varies with the distance L5 between the front dual-gap modulation cavity and the slow-wave structure.

[0030] Figure 13 A preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge provided by the present invention exhibits efficiency that varies with the distance L between the trapezoidal collector and the rear reflector cavity. 20 The change graph;

[0031] Figure 14 A preferred embodiment of the high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge, provided by the present invention, is shown as the efficiency versus the radius R9 of the rectangular ridge. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0033] This invention comprises a cathode holder 301, a cathode 302, an anode outer cylinder 303, a cutoff neck 304, a front-mounted double-gap modulation cavity 305, a slow-wave structure 306, a trapezoidal collector electrode 307, a collector electrode baffle 308, a rear-mounted reflection cavity 309, an output waveguide 310, and a solenoid magnetic field 311. The entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis.

[0034] The cathode holder 301 and the anode outer cylinder 303 are typically made of non-magnetic stainless steel. The cathode 302 can be made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper-clad foil (FR-5) material. The solenoid magnetic field 311 is made of enameled copper wire or glass fiber-coated copper wire. The inner conductor of the pulse power drive source is connected to the left end of the cathode holder 301, and the outer conductor of the pulse power drive source is connected to the left end of the anode outer cylinder 303.

[0035] During operation, the pulsed power drive source applies a pulsed voltage to the cathode holder 301, and the cathode 302 emits a high-current relativistic electron beam. The electron beam is initially velocity-modulated by the intrinsic field at the first few slow-wave blades of the slow-wave structure. Due to the different fields experienced by electrons at different locations, a clustering phenomenon occurs. The clustered electron beam is then modulated by an extremely strong standing wave field within the cavity at the last few slow-wave blades of the slow-wave structure, resulting in strong beam-wave interaction, Cherenkov radiation, and the transfer of energy to microwaves, thereby generating high-power microwaves.

[0036] This embodiment realizes a high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge operating at a frequency of 4.27 GHz (corresponding to a microwave wavelength λ = 7.02 cm). The corresponding dimensions are designed as follows: R1 = 42 mm, R2 = 49 mm, R3 = 62 mm, R4 = 53 mm, R5 = 60 mm, R6 = 53 mm, R7 = 55 mm, R8 = 52 mm, R9 = 64 mm, R... 10 =60mm, R 11 =56mm, R 12 =63mm, R 13 =48mm, R 14 =52mm, R 15 =43.5mm, R 16=40mm, R 17 =54mm, L1=13mm, L2=17mm, L3=12mm, L4=29mm, L5=22mm, L6=12mm, L7=10.5mm, L8=13mm, L9=4mm, L 10 =7mm, L 11 =1.5mm, L 12 =2mm, L 13 =5.5mm, L 14 =3mm, L 15 =7mm, L 16 =4mm, L 17 =10mm, L 18 =9mm, L 19 =57mm, L 20 =15.5mm, L 21 =51mm, L 22 =3mm, L 23 =4mm, L 24 =8mm, L 25 =3.5mm, L 26 =2mm, L 27 =9mm, L 28 =8mm, L 29 =5mm, L 30 =3mm).

[0037] In particle simulations, under conditions of diode voltage 584kV, current 11kA, and guiding magnetic field 1.5T, high-power microwaves with an output frequency of 4.27GHz and an output microwave power of 3.9GW were generated, with a conversion efficiency of 60%. These results demonstrate that this invention overcomes the challenge of high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov oscillators requiring large operating voltages and currents, achieving a conversion efficiency exceeding 50% at voltages below 600kV.

[0038] See Figure 5 It can be seen that the S of the pre-amplified dual-gap modulation cavity at the operating frequency of 4.27 GHz is... 11 A value of 0.93124 can prevent microwaves at the operating frequency from leaking into the diode region, thereby improving conversion efficiency.

[0039] See Figure 6 It can be seen that the S of the rear reflector cavity at the operating frequency of 4.27 GHz 21 With a value of 0.90461, a small portion of microwaves can be reflected into the slow-wave structure region. The reflected microwaves will further modulate the electron beam, thereby improving the conversion efficiency.

[0040] See Figure 7 It can be seen that the input power of the device is 6.47GW.

[0041] See Figure 8 It can be seen that the power of the device's output microwave is 3.9GW and the conversion efficiency is 60%.

[0042] See Figure 9 It can be seen that the frequency of the device's output microwave is 4.27 GHz, the spectrum is pure, and the harmonics are small.

[0043] See Figure 10 It can be seen that loading a rectangular ridge can effectively increase the coupling impedance, increase the fundamental current amplitude, deepen the electron beam modulation depth, thereby improving the conversion efficiency and greatly increasing the output microwave power of the device.

[0044] See Figure 11 It can be seen that when the rear reflector is loaded, the output microwave power of the device is greatly improved, indicating that the microwave reflected by the rear reflector can promote beam-wave interaction, thereby greatly improving the conversion efficiency and thus greatly improving the output microwave power of the device.

[0045] See Figure 12 It can be seen that the distance L5 between the front dual-gap modulation cavity and the slow wave structure has an impact on the conversion efficiency. As L5 increases, the conversion efficiency first increases and then decreases rapidly. The optimal value of L5 is 18mm, at which point the conversion efficiency reaches its maximum.

[0046] See Figure 13 It can be seen that the distance L between the trapezoidal collector and the rear reflector cavity is... 20 It has an impact on conversion efficiency, with L 20 As L increases, the conversion efficiency first increases and then decreases. 20 The optimal value is 15mm, at which point the conversion efficiency reaches its maximum.

[0047] See Figure 14 It can be seen that the radius R9 of the rectangular ridge has an impact on the conversion efficiency. As R9 increases, the conversion efficiency first increases and then decreases rapidly. The optimal value of R9 is 64mm, at which point the conversion efficiency reaches its maximum.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generating device with a loaded rectangular ridge, characterized in that: It includes a cathode holder (301), a cathode (302), an anode outer cylinder (303), a cutoff neck (304), a front-mounted dual-gap modulation cavity (305), a slow-wave structure (306), a trapezoidal collector electrode (307), a collector electrode baffle (308), a rear-mounted reflection cavity (309), an output waveguide (310), and a solenoid magnetic field (311); the entire structure is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis. The cathode (302) is a thin-walled cylinder with radius R1, fitted onto the right end of the cathode holder (301). The cathode (302) is located inside the anode outer cylinder (303). The anode outer cylinder (303), the cutoff neck (304), and the pre-amplified dual-gap modulation cavity (305) are connected in sequence to realize the generation and transmission of microwaves, and ultimately improve the microwave conversion efficiency. The inner surface of the anode outer cylinder (303) has irregular corrugations, forming a high-frequency structure. The cutoff neck (304) is disk-shaped with radius R2, satisfying R2 >R1, width L1, L1 is designed according to the working wavelength λ; the front dual-gap modulation cavity (305) is composed of two cascaded resonant cavities. The outer radius of the first resonant cavity is R3, the inner radius is R4, satisfying R3>R4>R2, and the width L2 is 0.2-0.3 times the working wavelength λ. The two resonant cavities are connected by a disk with radius R4 and width L3, where L3 is 0.1-0.2 times the working wavelength λ. The outer radius of the second resonant cavity is R5, the inner radius is R4, satisfying R3>R5, and the width L4 is 0.4-0.5 times the working wavelength λ. L2, L3, and L4 satisfy L4>L2>L3. All parameters of the front dual-gap modulation cavity are based on the working wavelength λ. Overall optimization is performed to prevent the generated microwaves from being transmitted back to the cathode region; the slow-wave structure (306) and the pre-amplified dual-gap modulation cavity (305) are connected by a disk with radius R2 and width L5, where L5 is 0.3-0.4 times the operating wavelength λ; the slow-wave structure (306) consists of 6 trapezoidal blades, the first slow-wave blade being a right trapezoid with an outer radius of R6, an inner radius of R2, an upper base length of L6, and a projected length of L on the hypotenuse. 22 The first and second slow-wave blades are connected by a disk with radius R2 and width L7, where L7 ranges from 5mm to 15mm. The second slow-wave blade is an isosceles trapezoid with an outer radius of R7 (R7 > R6), an inner radius of R2, and a top base length of L8 (L8 > L6). The projection lengths of both hypotenuses are L. 23 Satisfying L 23 >L 22 The second and third slow-wave blades are connected by a disk with radius R2 and width L9, where L9 ranges from 1mm to 10mm. The third trapezoidal slow-wave blade has an outer radius of R8, satisfying R6 > R8, an inner radius of R2, and an upper base length of L. 10 Satisfying L8>L 10 The length of the projection of the longer hypotenuse is L. 24 The projection length of the shorter hypotenuse is L. 25 Satisfying L 24 >L 23 >L 25 The third and fourth slow-wave blades are separated by a section with a radius of R2 and a width of L. 11 The disk connection, L 11 The value ranges from 1mm to 10mm; the outer radius of the fourth trapezoidal slow-wave blade is R. 10 Satisfying R 10 R7, inner radius R2, upper base length L 12 Satisfying L 10 >L 12 The length of the projection of the shorter hypotenuse is L. 26 The length of the projection of the longer hypotenuse is L. 27 Satisfying L 27 >L 23 >L 26 A cavity with an outer radius of R9 and an inner radius of R is carved out at the top of the fourth slow-wave blade. 10 , width L 12 A circular annular cavity; the fourth and fifth slow-wave blades are separated by a spacer with radius R2 and width L. 13 The disk connection, L 13 The value ranges from 1mm to 10mm; the outer radius of the fifth trapezoidal slow-wave blade is R. 10 The inner radius is R2, and the length of the upper base is L. 14 Satisfying L 14 >L 12 The length of the projection of the longer hypotenuse is L. 28 The length of the projection of the shorter hypotenuse is L. 29 Satisfying L 28 >L 29 >L 23 A cavity with an outer radius of R9 and an inner radius of R is carved out at the top of the fifth slow-wave blade. 10 , width L 14 A circular annular cavity; the fifth and sixth slow-wave blades are separated by a spacer with radius R2 and width L. 15 The disk connection, L 15 The value ranges from 1mm to 10mm; the sixth slow-wave blade is a right-angled trapezoid with an outer radius of R. 11 Satisfying R 10 >R 11 The inner radius is R2, and the length of the upper base is L. 16 Satisfying L 16 >L 14 The length of the hypotenuse projection is L. 30 Satisfying L 23 >L 30 A cavity with an outer radius of R is carved out at the top of the sixth slow-wave blade. 12 The inner radius is R 11 , width L 16 A circular annular cavity that satisfies R9>R 12 The slow-wave structure (306) and the trapezoidal collector (307) are separated by a section with an outer radius of R. 13 The inner radius is R 15 , width L 17 A circular annular cavity that satisfies R2>R 13 >R 15 L 17 Based on the comprehensive design of electron beam bombardment position and magnetic field configuration, the value is taken as 0.1-0.2 times the working wavelength R; the trapezoidal collector (307) is an annular cavity with a right trapezoidal cross-section and an outer radius of R. 14 Satisfying R 14 >R 13 The inner radius is R 15 The length of the upper base is L 19 The projected length of the hypotenuse is L. 18 L 18 and L 19 The design needs to be based on a combination of the electron beam bombardment location and the magnetic field configuration. 18 The values ​​are all 0.1-0.2 times the operating wavelength R, L 19 The values ​​are all 0.8-0.9 times the operating wavelength R; the collector baffle (308) is a baffle with an inner radius of R. 16 The outer radius is R 15 The ring shape can prevent the plasma generated by electron bombardment of the collector from diffusing to other parts of the device; the trapezoidal collector (307) and the rear reflective cavity (309) are separated by a radius of R. 16 , width L 20 The disk connection, L 20 The reflection characteristics of the rear reflective cavity and the operating wavelength R need to be comprehensively designed, with values ​​ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 times the operating wavelength R; the rear reflective cavity (309) is a cavity with an inner radius of R. 16 The outer radius is R 17 Satisfying R 17 >R 14 , width L 21 cylindrical cavity, L 21 The operating wavelength R needs to be comprehensively designed, and its value should be 0.6-0.8 times the operating wavelength R; the output waveguide (310) is a waveguide with a radius of R. 16 The circular waveguide has a length of 3-5 times the working wavelength λ; the output waveguide (310) is connected to the rear reflector cavity (309) to realize microwave output.

2. The high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode (302) has a wall thickness of 2 mm.

3. The high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode holder (301) and the anode outer cylinder (303) are made of non-magnetic stainless steel. The cathode (302) is made of high-hardness graphite or heat-resistant glass cloth-epoxy resin copper-clad foil. The solenoid magnetic field (311) is made of enameled copper wire or glass fiber-coated copper wire.

4. A high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generating device with a loaded rectangular ridge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A high-efficiency relativistic Cherenkov microwave generator with a loaded rectangular ridge operating at 4.27 GHz has the following dimensions: R1=42 mm, R2=49 mm, R3=62 mm, R4=53 mm, R5=60 mm, R6=53 mm, R7=55 mm, R8=52 mm, R9=64 mm, R... 10 =60mm, R 11 =56mm, R 12 =63mm, R 13 =48mm, R 14 =52mm, R 15 =43.5mm, R 16 =40mm, R 17 =54mm, L1=13mm, L2=17mm, L3=12mm, L4=29mm, L5=22mm, L6=12mm, L7=10.5mm, L8=13mm, L9=4mm, L 10 =7mm, L 11 =1.5mm, L 12 =2mm, L 13 =5.5mm, L 14 =3mm, L 15 =7mm, L 16 =4mm, L 17 =10mm, L 18 =9mm, L 19 =57mm, L 20 =15.5mm, L 21 =51mm, L 22 =3mm, L 23 =4mm, L 24 =8mm, L 25 =3.5mm, L 26 =2mm, L 27 =9mm, L 28 =8mm, L 29 =5mm, L 30 =3mm.

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