An adjustable orifice mixed flow nozzle and atomization method

Abstract

This invention provides an adjustable-aperture mixed-flow nozzle and atomization method, comprising a cylindrical shell with an upper and lowerly separated airflow chamber and a mixed-flow chamber. The airflow chamber is connected to an air inlet, and the mixed-flow chamber is connected to a liquid inlet. An nozzle is opened on the bottom wall of the mixed-flow chamber. An adjusting shaft extends from the airflow chamber into the mixed-flow chamber on the cylindrical shell. A swirling path is provided on the outer circumference of the adjusting shaft, and a guide path connecting the airflow chamber and the mixed-flow chamber is formed inside the adjusting shaft. The adjusting shaft is axially adjustable along the cylindrical shell, and a locking assembly is connected between the adjusting shaft and the cylindrical shell. This invention enhances the nozzle atomization effect by utilizing the centrifugal rotation of gas-liquid two-phase mixing. Air and water are introduced into the nozzle; the water undergoes centrifugal rotation and atomization under the disturbance of the airflow, increasing its kinetic energy. By changing the nozzle orifice size, not only is the problem of nozzle clogging solved, but the atomization effect and mist field state can also be controlled, making it more suitable for complex dust-generating environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical technology and relates to a jet nozzle dust removal device, particularly an adjustable orifice mixed flow nozzle and atomization method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of mechanization, automation, and intelligent technology in coal mining, annual coal production is also constantly increasing. Dust is one of the five major hazards in coal mines. The introduction of large-scale mechanized mining equipment has led to increased dust generation intensity and volume. High concentrations of dust not only trigger coal dust explosions but also cause a series of new problems, such as an increased incidence of pneumoconiosis, which have become a critical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed in underground coal mines.

[0003] Spray dust suppression, as a typical dust removal technology, is widely used in dust-generating areas of various coal mine operations. The atomization effect of the nozzle is an important factor affecting the dust suppression efficiency, but the existing nozzles generally have poor atomization effects, especially under low-pressure conditions. The atomized droplets are relatively large and not well broken up, making the mist field easy to disperse. This results in low collision and agglomeration efficiency between the droplets and dust, leading to mediocre dust suppression effects.

[0004] In addition, the nozzles are prone to clogging during use, which reduces the efficiency of spray dust suppression. It is difficult to clean the clogging material in time, and the only solution is to replace the nozzle, which is costly. Furthermore, the mist field of the nozzle is difficult to adjust effectively, resulting in poor applicability of the nozzle. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies by proposing an adjustable-aperture mixed-flow nozzle and atomization method that regulates the gas-liquid flow rate by extending and retracting the adjusting shaft core to eliminate blockages and adjust the mist field state.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: an adjustable-aperture mixed-flow nozzle, comprising a cylindrical shell with an airflow chamber and a mixed-flow chamber separated vertically, wherein the airflow chamber is connected to an air inlet, the mixed-flow chamber is connected to a liquid inlet, and the cylindrical shell has an opening at the bottom wall of the mixed-flow chamber. An adjusting shaft extends from the airflow chamber to the mixed-flow chamber through the cylindrical shell. A swirling path is provided on the outer periphery of the adjusting shaft, and an air guiding path connecting the airflow chamber and the mixed-flow chamber is formed inside the adjusting shaft. The adjusting shaft is axially telescopically adjustable along the cylindrical shell, and a locking assembly is connected between the adjusting shaft and the cylindrical shell.

[0007] In the above-mentioned orifice-adjustable mixing nozzle, the inner shell is divided by a partition to form the airflow chamber and the mixing chamber. The top wall of the airflow chamber has an insertion hole one, and the partition has a corresponding insertion port two. The adjusting shaft passes through the insertion hole one and the insertion hole two in sequence to form a threaded engagement assembly.

[0008] In the above-mentioned orifice-adjustable mixing nozzle, the mixing chamber includes a straight cylindrical chamber and a conical chamber connected vertically, and the small end of the conical chamber is connected to the nozzle; the bottom end of the adjusting shaft is a conical head, and a separating needle is fixed at the bottom end of the conical head, and the separating needle extends from the small end of the conical chamber to the nozzle.

[0009] In the above-mentioned orifice-adjustable mixing nozzle, the air inlet is set perpendicularly to the axis on one side of the shell, the liquid inlet is set on the other side of the shell aligned with the tangential direction of the adjusting shaft, the top end of the air guide path is bent and connected to the airflow chamber, and the bottom end of the air guide path is connected to the mixing chamber through a fork.

[0010] In the above-mentioned orifice-adjustable mixing nozzle, the swirling path is a groove spirally arranged around the outer circumference of the adjusting shaft, and the lower end of the swirling path is opened above the bifurcation.

[0011] In the above-mentioned orifice-adjustable mixing nozzle, the locking assembly includes a fixing screw, a fixing plate is provided on the top of the adjusting shaft, a fixing hole is opened on the fixing plate, and several threaded holes are opened on the top wall of the cylinder shell. The fixing screw passes through the fixing hole and the threaded hole from top to bottom to form a threaded engagement and lock.

[0012] In the above-mentioned adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle, a magnet is fixed at the bottom of the threaded hole, and the magnet and the fixing screw are magnetically attracted to each other.

[0013] In the above-mentioned orifice-adjustable mixed flow nozzle, a flow collecting shroud is fixed on the outside of the nozzle of the cylindrical shell. The flow collecting shroud is a conical shroud that gradually expands downward from the cylindrical shell. Several negative pressure suction ports are formed around the outer peripheral wall of the conical shroud. The negative pressure suction ports are trapezoidal.

[0014] A method for atomizing a mixed-flow nozzle with adjustable orifice size includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Air is introduced through the air inlet, enters the air guide path from the airflow chamber, and enters the mixing chamber through the bifurcation. High-pressure water is introduced through the liquid inlet, enters the mixing chamber tangentially, and is guided downward spirally by the swirling path. The high-pressure water and air are fully mixed between the conical head of the adjusting shaft and the conical cavity of the mixing chamber. The shear force between the air and liquid is increased by the angle of the inclined air ejection and the swirling angle of the high-pressure water. The air and liquid are atomized to form jet droplets, which are then ejected from the nozzle.

[0016] S2. If the flow channel between the conical head of the adjusting shaft and the conical cavity of the mixing chamber is blocked by debris, first remove the fixing bolt by external force, then rotate the adjusting shaft to move it upward along the axis, gradually increasing the distance between the conical head and the conical cavity, simultaneously increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular conical channel, increasing the flow rate of airflow and high-pressure water, and thus increasing the impact force to break through the debris, thereby playing a role in clearing blockage and preventing blockage.

[0017] S3. When it is necessary to change the gas-liquid atomization effect and fog field state, first use external force to pull out the fixing bolt, then rotate the adjusting shaft to move it along the axis. By adjusting the flow rate of gas-liquid mixing, the gas and water consumption, atomization state and atomization effect are changed accordingly until the requirements are met. Then reinsert the fixing bolt to form a locking fix.

[0018] In the atomization method of the above-mentioned adjustable aperture mixed flow nozzle, in step S1, the jet droplets pass through the collecting hood to form an umbrella-shaped spray constraint shape. The dust-laden airflow on the outer periphery enters the collecting hood through the negative pressure suction port. The dust-laden airflow mixes with the fog field, causing the dust and droplets to collide and become wetted, increasing their weight. Under the action of gravity, they settle, achieving the dust removal effect.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, this adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle and atomization method have the following advantages:

[0020] 1. Enhance the nozzle atomization effect by using a two-phase gas-liquid mixture and centrifugal rotation. Air and water are introduced into the nozzle. The water is centrifuged and atomized under the disturbance of the airflow, thus increasing its kinetic energy.

[0021] 2. Install a flow collector on the outside of the nozzle to effectively constrain the shape of the fog field, reduce the ineffective fog field caused by the influence of wind disturbance on the low concentration of fog droplets on the periphery of the fog field, and draw in a large amount of dust-laden airflow through the negative pressure formed by the high-speed fog field to purify the polluted air near the nozzle.

[0022] 3. By changing the nozzle orifice size, not only is the problem of easy nozzle clogging solved, but the atomization effect and fog field state can also be controlled, making it more suitable for complex dust-generating environments on site.

[0023] In summary, this nozzle structure not only features adjustable atomization effect, adjustable water consumption, and low maintenance cost, but also has the advantage of high dust removal efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the adjustable orifice mixing nozzle.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the adjustable orifice mixing nozzle.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjusting shaft core in this adjustable-aperture mixed-flow nozzle.

[0027] In the diagram, 1 is the shell; 2 is the air inlet; 3 is the airflow chamber; 4 is the liquid inlet; 5 is the mixing chamber; 6 is the nozzle; 7 is the adjusting shaft; 8 is the air guide path; 9 is the swirling path; 10 is the fixing screw; 11 is the magnet; 12 is the conical cover; and 13 is the negative pressure suction port. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples:

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle includes a cylindrical shell 1 with an airflow chamber 3 and a mixing chamber 5 separated at the top and bottom. The airflow chamber 3 is connected to the air inlet 2, and the mixing chamber 5 is connected to the liquid inlet 4. The cylindrical shell 1 has a nozzle 6 on the bottom wall of the mixing chamber 5. An adjusting shaft 7 passes through the airflow chamber 3 to the mixing chamber 5 on the cylindrical shell 1. A swirl path 9 is provided on the outer periphery of the adjusting shaft 7. An air guide path 8 connecting the airflow chamber 3 and the mixing chamber 5 is opened inside the adjusting shaft 7. The adjusting shaft 7 can be adjusted by extending and retracting along the axial direction of the cylindrical shell 1. A locking assembly is connected between the adjusting shaft 7 and the cylindrical shell 1.

[0031] The shell 1 is divided into an airflow chamber 3 and a mixing chamber 5 by a partition. A first insertion hole is opened on the top wall of the airflow chamber 3, and a second insertion hole is correspondingly opened on the partition. The adjusting shaft 7 passes through the first and second insertion holes in sequence to form a threaded engagement. The first and second insertion holes are threaded through holes of equal diameter. The upper part of the adjusting shaft 7 is tapped with external threads. Through the threaded connection, the extension and retraction position of the adjusting shaft 7 can be adjusted by screwing, and the threaded engagement can also achieve a sealed isolation between the airflow chamber 3 and the mixing chamber 5.

[0032] The mixing chamber 5 comprises a straight cylindrical chamber and a conical chamber connected vertically, with the smaller end of the conical chamber connected to the nozzle 6. The bottom end of the adjusting shaft 7 is conical, and a separating needle is fixed to the bottom end of the conical head, extending from the smaller end of the conical chamber to the nozzle 6. An annular conical channel is formed between the conical head and the conical chamber. By adjusting the axial displacement of the adjusting shaft 7, the cross-sectional size of the conical channel is controlled, i.e., the flow rate is adjusted. The separating needle extends into the nozzle 6 to form an annular spray pattern, expanding the spray diameter.

[0033] The air inlet 2 is vertically positioned on one side of the shell 1, directly facing the axis. The liquid inlet 4 is positioned on the other side of the shell 1, aligned with the tangential direction of the adjusting shaft core 7. The top of the air guide path 8 bends and connects to the airflow chamber 3, while the bottom of the air guide path 8 connects to the mixing chamber 5 via a bifurcation. The bifurcation at the bottom of the air guide path 8 is located on the top side of the conical head and is angled, thereby optimizing the mixing angle between the airflow and the liquid flow and improving the mixing turbulence.

[0034] The swirl path 9 is a groove spirally arranged around the outer circumference of the adjusting shaft core 7, with its lower end located above the bifurcation. Water entering through the inlet 4 is guided by the swirl path 9 and flows downward in a spiral shape until it mixes with the gas sprayed from the bifurcation, increasing the swirl intensity of the water flow, increasing the shearing action between the water and air, resulting in better droplet breakage and a better atomization effect.

[0035] The locking assembly includes a fixing screw 10. A fixing plate is provided on the top of the adjusting shaft core 7, and a fixing hole is opened on the fixing plate. Several threaded holes are opened on the top wall of the cylindrical shell 1. The fixing screw 10 passes through the fixing hole and the threaded hole from top to bottom to form a threaded engagement and lock. After rotating the adjusting shaft core 7 to a suitable height, the fixing hole and any of the threaded holes are connected vertically. The fixing screw 10 is then inserted and tightened to fix the adjusting shaft core 7 and prevent rotation, thereby locking the axial position of the adjusting shaft core 7.

[0036] A magnet 11 is fixed to the bottom of the threaded hole, and the magnet 11 and the fixing screw 10 are magnetically attracted to each other. The magnetic force of the magnet 11 firmly attracts the iron fixing screw 10, preventing the fixing bolt from falling off and causing locking failure.

[0037] A flow collector is fixed to the outside of the nozzle 6 on the outer side of the cylindrical shell 1. The flow collector is a conical shell 12, which gradually expands downward from the cylindrical shell 1. Several negative pressure suction ports 13 are formed around the outer peripheral wall of the conical shell 12. The negative pressure suction ports 13 are trapezoidal. The negative pressure suction ports 13 have the function of guiding and collecting dust. The high-speed sprayed mist field will form a negative pressure field behind it. The surrounding dust-laden airflow enters the flow collector through the negative pressure suction ports 13. After the dust-laden airflow mixes with the mist field, the probability of dust contact and collision is greatly increased. The dust and mist droplets collide and become wet, increasing their weight. Under the action of gravity, they settle, enhancing the dust removal effect of the nozzle and improving the dust reduction efficiency.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Based on Embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is:

[0040] A method for atomizing a mixed-flow nozzle with adjustable orifice size includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Air is introduced through the air inlet 2 and enters the air guide path 8 from the airflow chamber 3, then enters the mixing chamber 5 through the bifurcation. High-pressure water is introduced through the liquid inlet 4 and enters the mixing chamber 5 tangentially, then is guided downward spirally by the swirling path 9. The high-pressure water and air are fully mixed between the conical head of the adjusting shaft core 7 and the conical cavity of the mixing chamber 5. The shear force between the air and liquid is increased by the angle of the air tilt and the swirling angle of the high-pressure water. The air and liquid are atomized to form jet droplets, which are then sprayed from the nozzle 6. The above-mentioned mixing and spraying method enhances the atomization effect of the nozzle, and at the same time, the gas kinetic energy also increases the kinetic energy of the fog field, increasing the effective range of the fog field.

[0042] S2. If the flow channel between the conical head of the adjusting shaft core 7 and the conical cavity of the mixing chamber 5 is blocked by debris (large particles or plastic strips, etc.), first remove the fixing bolt by external force, then rotate the adjusting shaft core 7 to move it upward along the axis, gradually increasing the distance between the conical head and the conical cavity, simultaneously increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular conical channel, increasing the flow rate of airflow and high-pressure water, and thus increasing the impact force to break open the debris, thereby playing a role in clearing blockage and preventing blockage.

[0043] S3. When it is necessary to change the gas-liquid atomization effect and fog field state, first remove the fixing bolts by external force, then rotate the adjusting shaft 7 to move it along the axis. By adjusting the flow rate of gas-liquid mixing, the gas and water consumption, atomization state, and atomization effect are changed accordingly until the requirements are met. Then, reinsert the fixing bolts to form a locking fix. The above adjustment method is suitable for very complex dust-generating environments on site and improves the dust suppression effect.

[0044] In step S1, the jet droplets form an umbrella-shaped spray constraint pattern after passing through the collecting hood. The dust-laden airflow from the outer periphery enters the collecting hood through the negative pressure suction port 13. The dust-laden airflow mixes with the fog field, causing the dust and droplets to collide, become wetted, and increase in weight, eventually settling under gravity, thus achieving a dust removal effect. The guiding constraint of the jet droplets by the collecting hood helps reduce the ineffective dispersion of droplets and minimizes the impact of airflow disturbance on low-concentration droplets at the periphery of the fog field. The intake of dust-laden airflow through the negative pressure suction port 13 greatly increases the probability of dust contact and collision, improving dust reduction efficiency.

[0045] As shown in Table 1, comparing traditional nozzles with the nozzles of this invention, traditional nozzles, due to their built-in swirling cores, often result in narrower flow channels, making them prone to clogging and having a shorter lifespan. The adjustable-aperture mixed-flow nozzle used in this invention avoids nozzle clogging, eliminating the need for frequent nozzle replacements, improving work efficiency, and saving costs. Regarding water consumption, traditional nozzles often require large apertures and high water consumption to prevent clogging. The nozzle of this invention effectively avoids clogging, allowing for easy adjustment to a smaller aperture and lower water consumption. Even with multiple nozzles spraying simultaneously, water consumption is significantly lower than common types of nozzles. Traditional nozzles often use high-pressure nozzles with non-adjustable apertures, which are prone to clogging. After prolonged use, the water flow often becomes columnar, resulting in low dust suppression efficiency. The nozzle of this invention has good atomization, a long effective range, adjustable water consumption, adjustable atomization, is less prone to clogging, and has high dust suppression efficiency.

[0046] Table 1 Comparison of Traditional Nozzles and Inventions

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] Although this document frequently uses terms such as shell 1, air inlet 2, airflow chamber 3, liquid inlet 4, mixing chamber 5, nozzle 6, adjusting shaft 7, air guide path 8, swirling path 9, fixing screw 10, magnet 11, conical cover 12, and negative pressure suction port 13, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of the invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle, comprising a cylindrical shell with an upper and lowerly separated airflow chamber and a mixing chamber, wherein the airflow chamber is connected to an air inlet and the mixing chamber is connected to a liquid inlet, characterized in that, The cylindrical shell has an opening at the bottom wall of the mixing chamber. An adjusting shaft extends from the airflow chamber to the mixing chamber on the cylindrical shell. A swirling path is provided on the outer periphery of the adjusting shaft. An air guide path connecting the airflow chamber and the mixing chamber is opened inside the adjusting shaft. The adjusting shaft can be extended and retracted along the axial direction of the cylindrical shell. A locking assembly is connected between the adjusting shaft and the cylindrical shell. The mixing chamber includes a straight cylindrical chamber and a conical chamber connected vertically, with the small end of the conical chamber connected to the nozzle; the bottom end of the adjusting shaft is a conical head, and a separating needle is fixed at the bottom end of the conical head, with the separating needle extending from the small end of the conical chamber toward the nozzle; The air inlet is perpendicularly positioned to the axis from one side of the cylinder shell, and the liquid inlet is aligned with the tangential direction of the adjusting shaft from the other side of the cylinder shell. The top end of the air guide path is bent and connected to the airflow chamber, and the bottom end of the air guide path is connected to the mixing chamber through a fork.

2. The adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical shell is divided into an airflow chamber and a mixed flow chamber by a partition. The top wall of the airflow chamber has an insertion hole one, and the partition has a corresponding insertion hole two. The adjusting shaft passes through the insertion hole one and the insertion hole two in sequence to form a threaded engagement assembly.

3. The adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The swirling path is a groove spirally arranged around the outer circumference of the adjusting shaft, and the lower end of the swirling path is opened above the bifurcation.

4. The adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The locking assembly includes a fixing screw, a fixing plate is provided on the top of the adjusting shaft, a fixing hole is opened on the fixing plate, and several threaded holes are opened on the top wall of the cylinder shell. The fixing screw passes through the fixing hole and the threaded hole from top to bottom to form a threaded engagement and lock.

5. The adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A magnet is fixed to the bottom of the threaded hole, and the magnet and the fixing screw are magnetically attracted to each other.

6. The adjustable-aperture mixing nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A flow collector is fixed to the outside of the nozzle of the cylindrical shell. The flow collector is a conical shell that gradually expands downward from the cylindrical shell. Several negative pressure suction ports are formed around the outer peripheral wall of the conical shell. The negative pressure suction ports are trapezoidal.

7. An atomization method for an adjustable-aperture mixed-flow nozzle, characterized in that, Using the orifice-adjustable mixing nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: S1. Air is introduced through the air inlet, enters the air guide path from the airflow chamber, and enters the mixing chamber through the bifurcation. High-pressure water is introduced through the liquid inlet, enters the mixing chamber tangentially, and is guided downward spirally by the swirling path. The high-pressure water and air are fully mixed between the conical head of the adjusting shaft and the conical cavity of the mixing chamber. The shear force between the air and liquid is increased by the angle of the inclined air ejection and the swirling angle of the high-pressure water. The air and liquid are atomized to form jet droplets, which are then ejected from the nozzle. S2. If the flow channel between the conical head of the adjusting shaft and the conical cavity of the mixing chamber is blocked by debris, first remove the fixing bolt by external force, then rotate the adjusting shaft to move it upward along the axis, gradually increasing the distance between the conical head and the conical cavity, simultaneously increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular conical channel, increasing the flow rate of airflow and high-pressure water, and thus increasing the impact force to break through the debris, thereby playing a role in clearing blockage and preventing blockage. S3. When it is necessary to change the gas-liquid atomization effect and fog field state, first use external force to pull out the fixing bolt, then rotate the adjusting shaft to move it along the axis. By adjusting the flow rate of gas-liquid mixing, the gas and water consumption, atomization state and atomization effect are changed accordingly until the requirements are met. Then reinsert the fixing bolt to form a locking fix.

8. The atomization method of the adjustable-aperture mixed-flow nozzle as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the jet droplets pass through the collecting hood to form an umbrella-shaped spray constraint. The dust-laden airflow on the outer periphery enters the collecting hood through the negative pressure suction port. The dust-laden airflow mixes with the fog field, causing the dust and droplets to collide and become wetted, increasing their weight. Under the action of gravity, they settle, achieving the dust removal effect.

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