A complex spatial structure large thin-walled part sleeve-shaped electrolytic machining device and method thereof

Abstract

The patent relates to a sleeve-shaped electrolytic machining device and method for large thin-walled parts with complex spatial structure, which is applied to the electrolytic machining of large thin-walled parts with certain spatial deflection angle and inconsistent thickness in length direction. The device is characterized in that it comprises a special movement mold, an electrolyte circulating device, an electrolyte inlet pipe, a control motor, a truss, a cathode clamp, a cathode, a workpiece, a workpiece clamp, a workbench and a machining power supply. The special movement mold is designed and manufactured according to the spatial shape of the required machining workpiece, and is used to provide the spatial movement path of the tool cathode. Under the constraint of the special movement mold, the tool cathode can complete the spatial movement required by the machining workpiece, effectively controlling the angle change of the machining workpiece. In this movement mode, the workpiece is fixed on the workbench through the workpiece clamp, and the workpiece does not move. Under the action of the control motor, the cathode moves in the movement path set in the special movement mold through the cathode clamp, completes the spatial movement required by machining, at the same time, the electrolyte inlet pipe moves with the cathode, the electrolyte is injected into the machining area through the internal aperture of the cathode, and the angle change control of the workpiece is realized through the electrolytic reaction between the anode and the cathode. During the machining process, the thickness change control of the workpiece is realized by controlling the machining electric parameters of the machining power supply. This method can effectively realize the electrolytic machining of large thin-walled parts with certain deflection angle and inconsistent thickness in length direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a form electrolytic machining apparatus and method for large thin-walled parts with complex spatial structures, belonging to the field of electrolytic machining technology. Background Technology

[0002] Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a machining process based on the principle of electrochemical anodic corrosion. Due to its numerous advantages, such as being unaffected by the material's hardness, strength, or other mechanical properties, the absence of residual stress and recast layers on the workpiece surface, and zero cathode loss, ECM has been widely used in the machining of critical components in the aerospace field.

[0003] For complex spatial structural parts, the flexible electrode dynamic deformation electrolytic machining method and its application described in application number CN202110860375.5 uses a tubular or rod-shaped metal with a certain rigidity but capable of bending and deforming under corresponding loads as the tool electrode for electrolytic machining. The deformed shape approximates the mathematical model of the workpiece surface line, thereby making the machined workpiece surface close to the ideal surface. However, the deformation control of the metal tubular or rod-shaped electrode is difficult. In practical applications, the speed and efficiency of electrolytic machining may be affected by the electrode deformation process. If the deformation process is too slow, the machining efficiency will be reduced; conversely, if the deformation is too fast, the machining accuracy may be reduced. The invention described in application number CN201810000951.7 is a multi-tube floating complex curved surface self-tracking electrolytic machining device and method. This method uses springs and guiding devices to allow the inner spray tube electrode group to float up and down on the surface of the curved part according to a specified machining trajectory, thereby machining workpieces with complex outer surfaces. However, in the machining process of complex curved parts, finding the optimal trajectory may take a long time, thereby reducing the overall machining efficiency. Moreover, this equipment involves the integration of multiple floating pipes and a high-precision autonomous trajectory control system, and the research and development process is quite challenging.

[0004] Nesting electrochemical machining is a typical method in electrochemical machining processes. In nesting electrochemical machining, a shaped hollow cathode rapidly removes material from the workpiece through relative motion with it, completing the machining of the part. It is a highly efficient machining method with good consistency and simple cathode design, especially advantageous for processing parts with uniform cross-sections, and has been widely used in the aerospace field. However, when processing large parts with complex spatial shapes, the spatial feed trajectory of the cathode is difficult to control, making it impossible to effectively control the angle and thickness of the part. For example, large thin-walled rib parts for aircraft are difficult to complete using traditional nesting electrochemical machining due to spatial deflection and uneven thickness. To address this problem, this patent proposes using a dedicated motion mold designed and manufactured according to the spatial shape of the part to solve this problem, thereby promoting the advancement of nesting electrochemical machining technology and processes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This patent relates to a sleeve-shaped electrolytic machining device and method for large thin-walled parts with complex spatial structures, which can effectively solve the machining of parts with a certain spatial deflection angle and inconsistent thickness in the length direction, and realize the control of the angle and thickness changes of the workpiece.

[0006] A method for electrolytic machining based on a template method, characterized in that:

[0007] The truss (4) is placed on the machine tool's worktable (10). A special motion mold (5) designed and prepared according to the spatial shape of the workpiece (8) to be processed is fixedly connected to the truss (4). The workpiece fixture (9) is fixedly connected to the worktable (10). The workpiece (8) is fixed on the worktable (10) through the workpiece fixture (9). The cathode (7) is connected to the special motion mold (5) through the cathode fixture (6). The electrolyte inlet pipe (2) is fixedly connected to the cathode (7). The two ends of the electrolyte circulation device (1) are connected to the electrolyte inlet pipe (2) and the machine tool's worktable (10) respectively. The positive terminal of the pulse power supply (11) is connected to the workpiece (8), and the negative terminal is connected to the cathode (7). The control motor (3) is connected to the cathode fixture (6).

[0008] The workpiece (8) is fixed on the worktable (10) by the workpiece clamp (9) and does not move. The special motion mold (5), designed according to the spatial shape of the workpiece, is fixedly connected to the truss (4). The cathode (7) is connected to the special motion mold (5) through the cathode clamp (6). Under the action of the control motor (3), the cathode (7) moves spatially along the special motion mold (5) according to the designed motion path. At the same time, the electrolyte inlet pipe (2) moves together with the cathode (7), and the electrolyte is injected into the processing area through the internal opening of the cathode (7).

[0009] The beneficial effects of this patent are as follows:

[0010] 1. The shape of the dedicated motion mold (5) is determined by the spatial shape of the workpiece being processed, and is used to provide the motion trajectory of the cathode (7) during the processing. By moving the cathode (7) in the dedicated motion mold (5), the angle change of the workpiece (8) can be effectively controlled, and the spatial twist angle of the entire part can be reproduced. By determining the dedicated motion mold (5), mass production of the same part can be achieved quickly and effectively.

[0011] 2. During the processing, the thickness change of the workpiece (8) can be effectively controlled by controlling the electrical parameters of the pulse power supply (11) according to the change in the thickness of the part.

[0012] 3. By following the movement of the electrolyte inlet pipe (2) and the cathode (7), an opening is made inside the cathode (7) to accurately and effectively inject the electrolyte into the processing area, thereby completing the electrolytic processing process. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve-shaped electrolytic machining of large thin-walled parts with complex spatial structures;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolytic machining motion for large, thin-walled parts with complex spatial structures.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cathode;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a specialized motion mold;

[0017] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Electrolyte circulation device, 2. Electrolyte inlet pipe, 3. Control motor, 4. Truss, 5. Special motion mold, 6. Cathode clamp, 7. Cathode, 8. Workpiece, 9. Workpiece clamp, 10. Worktable, 11. Pulse power supply. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following is combined Figure 1 , 2 Sections 3 and 4 illustrate the specific implementation process of this invention:

[0019] 1. Reference Figure 1 The truss (4) is placed on the machine tool's worktable (10). A special motion mold (5), designed and prepared according to the spatial shape of the workpiece to be processed, is fixedly connected to the truss (4). The workpiece fixture (9) is fixedly connected to the worktable (10). The workpiece (8) is fixed on the worktable (10) through the workpiece fixture (9). The cathode (7) is connected to the special motion mold (5) through the cathode fixture (6). The electrolyte inlet pipe (2) is fixedly connected to the cathode (7). The two ends of the electrolyte circulation device (1) are connected to the electrolyte inlet pipe (2) and the machine tool's worktable (10) respectively. The positive terminal of the pulse power supply (11) is connected to the workpiece (8), and the negative terminal is connected to the cathode (7). The control motor (3) is connected to the cathode fixture (6).

[0020] 2. Reference Figure 2 , Figure 4The workpiece (8) is fixed in the workpiece fixture (9), which is fixedly connected to the worktable (10). Under the series structure, the workpiece (8) is fixed and does not move. The truss (4) is fixed together with the worktable (10), and the special motion mold (5) is fixed to the truss (4). The cathode (7) is connected to the special motion mold (5) through the cathode fixture (6). Under the action of the control motor (3), the cathode (7) moves along the special motion mold (5). As the position of the cathode fixture (6) in the special motion mold (5) changes, corresponding spatial motion changes are generated, thereby realizing the control of the angle change of the workpiece (8).

[0021] 3. Reference Figure 1 , 2 3,4 Electrolyte is injected from the electrolyte circulation device (1) into the electrolyte inlet pipe (2), and flows into the processing area through the internal opening of the cathode (7). When the pulse power supply (11) is turned on, the cathode (7) completes the required spatial trajectory movement according to the above process 2, thereby realizing the control of the angle change of the workpiece (8). At the same time, during the movement of the cathode (7), the electrical parameters of the pulse power supply (11) are adjusted according to the different processing thicknesses required for the workpiece (8), thereby realizing the control of the thickness change of the workpiece (8).

Claims

1. A method for form-machining electrolytic machining of large thin-walled parts with complex spatial structures, characterized in that: During the processing, the workpiece (8) is fixed in position. The tool cathode (7) is connected to the cathode fixture (6). The special motion mold (5) has a contour trapezoidal groove formed according to the spatial angle change of the workpiece to be processed. Under the action of the control motor (3), the cathode fixture (6) moves in the special motion mold (5) according to the designed motion path in the template manner, thereby driving the tool cathode (7) to realize spatial trajectory movement, realizing the angle change control of the workpiece (8). At the same time, according to the thickness change of the workpiece, the corresponding voltage change curve is designed. By changing the processing electrical parameters of the pulse power supply (11), the thickness change control of the workpiece (8) is realized.

2. The electrolytic machining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes an apparatus for performing this method, the apparatus comprising: Electrolyte circulation device (1), electrolyte inlet pipe (2), control motor (3), gantry (4), special motion mold (5), cathode fixture (6), tool cathode (7), workpiece (8), workpiece fixture (9), worktable (10) and pulse power supply (11); The truss (4) is placed on the worktable (10) of the machine tool. The special motion mold (5) designed and prepared according to the spatial shape of the workpiece to be processed is fixedly connected to the truss (4). The workpiece clamp (9) is fixedly connected to the worktable (10). The workpiece (8) is fixed on the worktable (10) through the workpiece clamp (9). The tool cathode (7) is connected to the special motion mold (5) through the cathode clamp (6). The electrolyte inlet pipe (2) is fixedly connected to the tool cathode (7). The two ends of the electrolyte circulation device (1) are connected to the electrolyte inlet pipe (2) and the machine tool worktable (10) respectively. The positive terminal of the pulse power supply (11) is connected to the workpiece (8), and the negative terminal is connected to the tool cathode (7). The control motor (3) is connected to the cathode clamp (6).

3. The electrolytic processing method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: The tool cathode (7) completes spatial trajectory movement through the movement of the cathode clamp (6), and the tool cathode (7) has an internal hole. The electrolyte is injected into the tool cathode (7) through the electrolyte circulation device (1) via the electrolyte inlet pipe (2). The electrolyte accurately enters the processing area through the internal hole of the tool cathode (7), thereby completing the entire electrolytic processing process.

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