A four-stage hierarchical yielding damper and methods of using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a four-stage hierarchical yielding damper, which comprises a lower base plate and an upper base plate which are spaced apart, a first yielding energy dissipation piece is arranged between the lower base plate and the upper base plate, a second yielding energy dissipation piece, a third yielding energy dissipation piece and a fourth yielding energy dissipation piece are arranged between the lower base plate and a baffle; the first yielding energy dissipation piece comprises at least two first energy dissipation metal plates which are arranged in parallel, the upper and lower ends of the first energy dissipation metal plates are fixedly connected with the lower base plate and the upper base plate respectively, the second yielding energy dissipation piece comprises at least two second energy dissipation metal plates which are arranged in parallel and symmetrically on the inner sides of the first energy dissipation metal plates on the left and right sides, the third yielding energy dissipation piece comprises at least two third energy dissipation metal plates which are arranged in parallel and symmetrically on the inner sides of the second energy dissipation metal plates, the fourth yielding energy dissipation piece is symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the third energy dissipation metal plates, the upper ends of the second yielding energy dissipation piece, the third yielding energy dissipation piece and the fourth yielding energy dissipation piece respectively extend into the sawtooth grooves of the baffle, and gaps are formed between the upper ends of the second yielding energy dissipation piece, the third yielding energy dissipation piece, the fourth yielding energy dissipation piece and the inner walls of the sawtooth grooves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of disaster prevention and vibration reduction technology, specifically to a four-stage graded yield damper and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Since earthquakes are generally accompanied by a sequence of earthquakes, including the main shock, aftershocks, or swarms, and aftershocks often occur shortly afterward, from a safety perspective, energy dissipators (also known as graded energy dissipation dampers) need to have multiple energy dissipation and vibration reduction capabilities.

[0003] The applicant's prior application CN116044036A discloses a graded yield energy dissipation damper, including a first substrate and a second substrate arranged in parallel at intervals, and a stop block, a second yield energy dissipation element, and a first yield energy dissipation element connected between the first substrate and the second substrate; the stop block is fixed on the second substrate and has a plurality of serrated positioning grooves; the second yield energy dissipation element includes a plurality of second energy dissipation metal plates, the same number as the positioning grooves, one end of the second energy dissipation metal plate is fixed to the first substrate, the other end is inserted into the positioning groove, and the end forms a movable gap with the positioning groove, the cross-sectional dimension of the fixed end of the second energy dissipation metal plate to the first substrate is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the other end; the first yield energy dissipation element includes a plurality of first energy dissipation metal plates, the plurality of first energy dissipation metal plates are divided into two groups and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the second yield energy dissipation element, the two ends of the first energy dissipation metal plates are respectively fixed to the first substrate and the second substrate, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the two ends of the first energy dissipation metal plate are larger than the cross-sectional dimensions of the middle part.

[0004] The applicant's earlier application CN116044036A discloses a graded yield damper, including a first substrate and a second substrate spaced apart; a first yield energy dissipation element and a second yield energy dissipation element are installed between the first substrate and the second substrate; the two ends of the first yield energy dissipation element are fixedly connected to the first substrate and the second substrate respectively; the first end of the second yield energy dissipation element is fixedly connected to the first substrate, and the second end is adjacent to and suspended from the second substrate; the second substrate is provided with a positioning groove for constraining the swing range of the second end. When the first substrate and the second substrate of this graded yield damper generate relative displacement under different levels of earthquakes, based on the different connection relationships of the first yield energy dissipation element and the second yield energy dissipation element, the yield deformation stages of the first yield energy dissipation element and the second yield energy dissipation element correspond to different relative displacements. Therefore, it can yield in stages according to the earthquake intensity, satisfying the purpose of multi-level energy dissipation and vibration reduction, and can be widely used in various earthquake-resistant buildings.

[0005] The applicant's earlier application CN116044036A also discloses a graded energy dissipation damper, comprising two spaced-apart base plates; a first yielding energy dissipation element and a second yielding energy dissipation element are installed between the two base plates; both ends of the first yielding energy dissipation element are fixedly connected to the two base plates respectively; one end of the second yielding energy dissipation element is fixedly connected to one of the base plates, and the other end is directionally slidably connected to the other base plate. Under minor earthquakes, the second yielding energy dissipation element of this graded energy dissipation damper is in an elastic state and does not have the function of damping energy; therefore, only the first yielding energy dissipation element alone dampens energy. However, under moderate and large earthquakes, the second yielding energy dissipation element begins to bend and deform to achieve the purpose of yielding energy dissipation; therefore, the second yielding energy dissipation element works in conjunction with the first yielding energy dissipation element to dissipate seismic energy. It is evident that the graded energy dissipation damper exhibits graded yielding of the first and second yielding energy dissipation elements, resulting in a significant staged yielding energy dissipation effect.

[0006] However, most known metal energy dissipators have relatively simple structural shapes and energy dissipation methods, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of graded yielding in four stages: minor, moderate, major, and mega-earthquakes. In particular, in the event of a mega-earthquake with enormous destructive force, existing graded yielding dampers are very prone to failure and are insufficient to undertake the energy dissipation and damping effect under mega-earthquake conditions, and cannot completely dissipate seismic energy. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a four-stage graded yield damper to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a four-stage graded yield damper, comprising a lower substrate and an upper substrate spaced apart, a baffle fixed at the lower middle position of the upper substrate, a first yield energy dissipation element installed between the lower substrate and the upper substrate, and a second yield energy dissipation element, a third yield energy dissipation element and a fourth yield energy dissipation element installed between the lower substrate and the baffle.

[0009] The first yield energy dissipation component includes at least two parallel first energy dissipation metal plates, which are X-shaped steel plates. The first energy dissipation metal plates are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the baffle, and the upper and lower ends of the first energy dissipation metal plates are respectively fixedly connected to the lower substrate and the upper substrate. The second yield energy dissipation component includes at least two parallel second energy dissipation metal plates, which are symmetrically arranged inside the first energy dissipation metal plates on the left and right sides. The third yield energy dissipation component includes at least two parallel third energy dissipation metal plates, which are symmetrically arranged inside the second energy dissipation metal plates. The lower cross-sectional dimensions of the second and third yield energy dissipation components are larger than the upper cross-sectional dimensions. The fourth yield energy dissipation component is arranged inside the third energy dissipation metal plates and is located in the middle of the baffle and the lower substrate. The upper ends of the second, third, and fourth yield energy dissipation components extend into the serrated grooves of the baffle, and there are gaps of different sizes between them and the inner wall of the serrated grooves.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the fourth yielding energy dissipation element includes at least two parallel fourth energy dissipation metal plates, which are symmetrically arranged inside the third energy dissipation metal plate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional lengths of the upper and lower ends of the first energy-consuming metal plate are equal and greater than the cross-sectional length of the middle part of the first energy-consuming metal plate. The upper and lower ends of the first energy-consuming metal plate are fixedly connected to the lower substrate and the upper substrate by welding, fastener locking or interference fit.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the second energy-consuming metal plate includes a bottom plate in the shape of a trapezoidal plate and a top plate in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal plate. The short side of the top plate is connected to the short side of the bottom plate, and a connecting part is provided between the short side of the top plate and the short side of the bottom plate. The length of the long side of the bottom plate is greater than the length of the long side of the top plate, and the thickness of the top plate, the bottom plate and the connecting part are all the same.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the third and fourth energy-consuming metal plates have the same structure as the second energy-consuming metal plate, but the second, third, and fourth energy-consuming metal plates have different thicknesses, and the gap distances between the upper ends of the second, third, and fourth energy-consuming metal plates and the serrated grooves of the stop block are different.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the fourth energy-consuming metal plate is greater than the thickness of the second and third energy-consuming metal plates, the gap between the second yielding energy-consuming member and the stop block is smaller than the gap between the third yielding energy-consuming member and the stop block, and the gap between the third yielding energy-consuming member and the stop block is smaller than the gap between the fourth yielding energy-consuming member and the stop block.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the fourth yielding energy dissipation component includes a shear plate, a clamping plate, and an intermediate plate. A rectangular groove is provided in the middle of the baffle, and the intermediate plate is disposed in the rectangular groove. The upper and lower ends of the shear plate are fixedly connected to the intermediate plate and the lower substrate, respectively. Two clamping plates are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the intermediate plate and are connected to the intermediate plate by bolts. The two clamping plates are fixedly connected to the upper substrate, respectively.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned four-stage graded yield damper, comprising the following steps:

[0017] The lower and upper substrates are placed in the area to be damped and fixed between the support columns or embedded parts in the area to be damped by fasteners.

[0018] The upper and lower ends of the first yielding energy dissipation component are fixedly connected to the upper substrate and the lower substrate, respectively;

[0019] A stop block is fixedly installed below the upper substrate. A serrated groove is opened at the bottom of the stop block. The lower ends of the second, third, and fourth yield energy dissipation components are fixedly connected to the lower substrate, and the upper ends are respectively inserted into the serrated groove of the stop block. A gap is provided between the upper end of the stop block and the inner wall of the serrated groove to provide swing space to the upper end of the yield energy dissipation component.

[0020] When the earthquake magnitude is small and the stress acting on the first yielding energy dissipation component exceeds its elastic limit, and the upper end of the second yielding energy dissipation component is stationary or its swing amplitude does not exceed the constraint range of the sawtooth groove of the baffle, the second yielding energy dissipation component will not elastically yield due to the relative displacement of the lower and upper substrates. At this time, only the first yielding energy dissipation component participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude increases to moderate earthquake, the second yielding energy dissipation component enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude continues to increase to large earthquake, the third yielding energy dissipation component enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude increases to mega earthquake, the fourth yielding energy dissipation component enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, as the magnitude of the earthquake increases to a moderate earthquake, the second yielding energy dissipation member enters the yielding deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: as the magnitude of the earthquake increases to a moderate earthquake, external vibration causes the upper end of the second yielding energy dissipation member to swing more, until it contacts the side wall of the sawtooth groove of the stop block. Then, the stop block and the lower base plate apply stress to the second yielding energy dissipation member, causing the second yielding energy dissipation member to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0022] As the magnitude of the earthquake continues to increase to a major earthquake, the third yield energy dissipation component enters the yield deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: as the magnitude of the earthquake continues to increase to a major earthquake, external vibrations cause the upper end of the third yield energy dissipation component to swing more, until it contacts the side wall of the sawtooth groove of the stop block. Then, the stop block and the lower base plate apply stress to the third yield energy dissipation component, causing the second yield energy dissipation component to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0023] As the magnitude of the earthquake increases to mega-earthquake, the fourth yielding energy dissipation component enters the yielding deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: external vibrations causing the upper end of the fourth yielding energy dissipation component to swing more until it contacts the side wall of the sawtooth groove of the stop block. The stop block, combined with the lower base plate, applies stress to the fourth yielding energy dissipation component, causing the fourth yielding energy dissipation component to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the following steps are included:

[0025] The lower and upper substrates are placed in the area to be damped and fixed between the support columns or embedded parts in the area to be damped by fasteners.

[0026] The upper and lower ends of the first yielding energy dissipation component are fixedly connected to the upper substrate and the lower substrate, respectively;

[0027] A stop block is fixedly installed below the upper substrate. A serrated groove is opened at the bottom of the stop block. The lower ends of the second, third, and fourth yield energy dissipation components are fixedly connected to the lower substrate, and the upper ends are respectively inserted into the serrated groove of the stop block. A gap is provided between the upper end of the stop block and the inner wall of the serrated groove to provide swing space to the upper end of the yield energy dissipation component.

[0028] When the earthquake magnitude is small and the stress acting on the first yielding energy dissipation component exceeds its elastic limit, and the upper end of the second yielding energy dissipation component is stationary or its swing amplitude does not exceed the constraint range of the sawtooth groove of the baffle, the second yielding energy dissipation component will not elastically yield due to the relative displacement of the lower and upper base plates. At this time, only the first yielding energy dissipation component participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude increases to moderate earthquake, the second yielding energy dissipation component enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude continues to increase to large earthquake, the third yielding energy dissipation component enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. When a major earthquake occurs, the lower and upper base plates displace, the upper base plate drives the two clamping plates to displace, and the upper base plate shifts with the middle plate. The shear plate is connected to the middle plate and displaces simultaneously. At this time, the shear plate begins to dissipate energy due to force displacement.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the graded yielding damper of the present invention, as a prefabricated whole, can be conveniently and quickly applied as a whole in energy dissipation and vibration reduction buildings, for example, installed in the frame support structure of the vibration reduction building, or installed in concrete embedded parts. Based on the different connection relationships between the first yielding energy dissipator and the second, third, and fourth yielding energy dissipators, the first, second, third, and fourth yielding energy dissipators undergo yielding deformation when they are in different relative positions on the lower and upper base plates of the graded yielding damper. That is, only the first yielding energy dissipator enters the yielding deformation stage during minor earthquakes, the second yielding energy dissipator enters the yielding deformation stage during moderate earthquakes, the second yielding energy dissipator enters the yielding deformation stage during major earthquakes, and the fourth yielding energy dissipator enters the yielding deformation stage during mega-earthquakes. This achieves staged yielding according to the earthquake source level, achieving a significant staged yielding effect and satisfying the purpose of multi-level energy dissipation and vibration reduction. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a four-stage graded yield damper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a front view of a four-stage graded yield damper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first yielding energy dissipation element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second yielding energy dissipation element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a baffle structure according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a four-stage graded yield damper according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a clamping plate structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate plate structure according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] First, it should be noted that the definitions of minor, moderate, major, and mega-earthquakes in this invention can all refer to conventional definitions in the field.

[0041] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the four-stage graded yield damper of this embodiment includes a lower base plate 1 and an upper base plate 2 spaced apart. The lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 2 can have multiple connection holes for bolts to pass through. A baffle 7 is fixed at the lower center of the upper base plate 2. A first yield energy dissipation element 3 is installed between the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 2. A second yield energy dissipation element 4, a third yield energy dissipation element 5, and a fourth yield energy dissipation element 6 are installed between the lower base plate 1 and the baffle 7. The first yield energy dissipation element 3 includes at least two parallel first energy dissipation metal plates 31, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the first yielding energy dissipation component 3 in this embodiment includes two parallel first energy dissipation metal plates 31, which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the baffle 7. The upper and lower ends of the first energy dissipation metal plates 31 are respectively fixedly connected to the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2, which are equivalent to a fixed beam between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2. The two ends of the first yielding energy dissipation component 3 can be fixedly connected by welding, fastener locking, interference fit, etc.

[0042] The second yield energy dissipation element 4 includes at least two parallel second energy dissipation metal plates 41, such as Figure 1 As shown, the second yield energy dissipation component 4 in this embodiment includes two parallel second energy dissipation metal plates 41, which are symmetrically arranged inside the first energy dissipation metal plates 31 on the left and right sides. The lower end of the second yield energy dissipation component 4 is fixedly connected to the lower substrate 1, and the upper end is adjacent to and suspended above the upper substrate 2. Therefore, the second yield energy dissipation component 4 is equivalent to a cantilever beam between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2. A baffle 7 is fixed at the lower middle position of the upper substrate 2. The baffle 7 can be disposed inside the upper substrate 2, equivalent to a recessed structure inside the upper substrate 2, or it can be disposed outside the upper substrate 2, that is, protruding from the inner surface of the upper substrate 2 to the inner surface of the lower substrate 1.

[0043] The third yield energy dissipation element 5 includes at least two parallel third energy dissipation metal plates 51, such as Figure 1 As shown, the third yield energy dissipation element 5 in this embodiment includes two third yield energy dissipation elements 51, and the two third energy dissipation metal plates 51 are symmetrically arranged inside the second energy dissipation metal plate 41. The lower cross-sectional dimensions of the second and third yield energy dissipation elements are larger than the upper cross-sectional dimensions. The fourth yield energy dissipation element 6 is disposed inside the third energy dissipation metal plate 51 and is located at the middle position between the baffle 7 and the lower substrate 1. In this embodiment, the fourth yield energy dissipation element 6 includes two parallel fourth energy dissipation metal plates 61, which are symmetrically arranged inside the third energy dissipation metal plate 51.

[0044] The baffle 7 is cut from a single piece of steel, with multiple serrated grooves 71 cut into the bottom. The serrated grooves 71 have different sizes and gaps to correspond to the yield displacement of the four-stage graded yield dampers for minor, moderate, major, and mega-earthquakes. The upper ends of the second yield energy dissipation element 4, the third yield energy dissipation element 5, and the fourth yield energy dissipation element 6 extend into the serrated grooves 71 of the baffle 7, and different sizes of gaps are provided between them and the inner wall of the serrated grooves to provide ample swing space for the upper end of the yield energy dissipation element. Furthermore, by setting different gap widths, graded yielding can be achieved.

[0045] Furthermore, the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31 is an X-shaped steel plate, and the first yielding energy-dissipating component 3 is extended in the area with the largest cross-section at the top and bottom of the X-shaped steel plate. The cross-sectional lengths at the top and bottom ends of the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31 are equal and greater than the cross-sectional length at the middle of the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31. The top and bottom ends of the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31 are fixedly connected to the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2 by welding, fastener locking, or interference fit.

[0046] Furthermore, the second energy-consuming metal plate 41 includes a trapezoidal bottom plate 412 and an inverted trapezoidal top plate 411. The short side of the top plate is connected to the short side of the bottom plate, and a connecting part 413 is provided between the short side of the top plate and the short side of the bottom plate. The length of the long side of the bottom plate is greater than the length of the long side of the top plate, and the thicknesses of the top plate 411, the bottom plate 412, and the connecting part 413 are all the same.

[0047] Furthermore, the upper ends of the second energy-consuming metal plate 41, the third yielding energy-consuming element 51, and the fourth energy-consuming metal plate 61 are respectively separated from the serrated groove 71 of the stop block 7. Specifically, the gap between the second yielding energy-consuming element 4 and the stop block 7 is smaller than the gap between the third yielding energy-consuming element 5 and the stop block 7, and the gap between the third yielding energy-consuming element 5 and the stop block 7 is smaller than the gap between the fourth yielding energy-consuming element 6 and the stop block 7.

[0048] Furthermore, the structures of the third energy-consuming metal plate 51 and the fourth energy-consuming metal plate 61 are the same as those of the second energy-consuming metal plate 41, but the thicknesses of the second energy-consuming metal plate 41, the third energy-consuming metal plate 51, and the fourth energy-consuming metal plate 61 are different. Preferably, the thickness of the fourth energy-consuming metal plate 61 is greater than the thickness of the second energy-consuming metal plate 41 and the third energy-consuming metal plate 51.

[0049] Specifically, the thickness of the first energy-consuming metal plate 31 is calculated using formula (1):

[0050]

[0051] Where F is the yield strength of the X-shaped steel plate, σ yLet t be the yield stress of the steel, t be the thickness of the steel plate, H be the height of the steel plate, and B be the length of the long side of the X-shaped steel plate.

[0052] The thicknesses of the second energy-consuming metal plate 41, the third energy-consuming metal plate 51, and the fourth energy-consuming metal plate 61 are calculated using formula (2):

[0053]

[0054] Where F is the yield strength of the steel plate, σ y Let t be the yield stress of the steel, t be the thickness of the steel plate, H be the height of the steel plate, and B be the length of the long side of the base plate.

[0055] Furthermore, the materials of the first yield energy dissipation element 3, the second yield energy dissipation element 4, the third yield energy dissipation element 5, and the fourth yield energy dissipation element 6 include, but are not limited to, metal materials, and should be set according to the application and conditions of the graded yield damper.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned four-stage graded yield damper, comprising the following steps:

[0058] The lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2 are placed in the area to be damped and fixed between the support columns or embedded parts in the area to be damped by fasteners.

[0059] The upper and lower ends of the first yielding energy dissipation component 3 are fixedly connected to the upper substrate 2 and the lower substrate 1, respectively;

[0060] A stop 7 is fixedly installed below the upper substrate 2. A serrated groove 71 is opened at the bottom of the stop 7. The lower ends of the second yield energy dissipation member 4, the third yield energy dissipation member 5 and the fourth yield energy dissipation member 6 are fixedly connected to the lower substrate 1 respectively. The upper ends are respectively inserted into the serrated groove 71 of the stop 7, and a gap is provided between them and the inner wall of the serrated groove to provide swing space to the upper end of the yield energy dissipation member.

[0061] When the earthquake magnitude is small and the stress acting on the first yielding energy dissipation component 3 exceeds its elastic limit, and the upper end of the second yielding energy dissipation component 4 is stationary or its swing amplitude does not exceed the constraint range of the sawtooth groove 71 of the baffle 7, the second yielding energy dissipation component 4 will not elastically yield due to the relative displacement of the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2. At this time, only the first yielding energy dissipation component 3 participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude increases to moderate earthquake, the second yielding energy dissipation component 4 enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude continues to increase to large earthquake, the third yielding energy dissipation component 5 enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake magnitude increases to mega earthquake, the fourth yielding energy dissipation component 6 enters the yielding deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0062] Furthermore, as the magnitude of the earthquake increases to a moderate earthquake, the second yielding energy dissipation component 4 enters the yielding deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: as the magnitude of the earthquake increases to a moderate earthquake, external vibration causes the upper end of the second yielding energy dissipation component 4 to swing more, until it contacts the sawtooth groove sidewall of the stop block 7. Then, the stop block 7, together with the lower base plate 1, applies stress to the second yielding energy dissipation component 4, causing the second yielding energy dissipation component 4 to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0063] As the magnitude of the earthquake continues to increase to a major earthquake, the third yield energy dissipation component 5 enters the yield deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: as the magnitude of the earthquake continues to increase to a major earthquake, external vibrations cause the upper end of the third yield energy dissipation component 5 to swing more, until it contacts the sawtooth groove sidewall of the stop block 7. Then, the stop block 7, together with the lower base plate 1, applies stress to the third yield energy dissipation component 5, causing the second yield energy dissipation component 4 to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0064] As the magnitude of the earthquake increases to a mega-earthquake, the fourth yielding energy dissipation component 6 enters the yielding deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: external vibrations causing the upper end of the fourth yielding energy dissipation component 6 to swing more until it contacts the side wall of the sawtooth groove of the stop block 7. The stop block 7, together with the lower base plate 1, applies stress to the fourth yielding energy dissipation component 6, causing the fourth yielding energy dissipation component 6 to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] like Figure 6-8 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that different shear steel plate yielding components are used instead of the fourth energy-dissipating metal plate 61. The energy dissipation capacity of the shear steel plate is enhanced by adding stiffening ribs or adding anti-yield restraint steel plates on both sides. The fourth yielding energy-dissipating component 6 in this embodiment includes a shear plate 8, a clamping plate 91, and an intermediate plate 92. A rectangular groove 72 is opened in the middle of the baffle 7, and the intermediate plate 92 is arranged in the rectangular groove 72. The upper and lower ends of the shear plate 8 are fixedly connected to the intermediate plate 92 and the lower base plate 1, respectively. Two clamping plates 91 are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the intermediate plate 92, and the two clamping plates 91 are fixedly connected to the upper base plate 2, respectively.

[0067] Furthermore, four rectangular through holes are symmetrically opened on the intermediate plate 92, and four circular holes are correspondingly opened on the clamping plate 91. The two clamping plates 91 are connected to the intermediate plate 92 by bolts.

[0068] The method of using the four-stage graded yield damper in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0069] The lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2 are placed in the area to be damped and fixed between the support columns or embedded parts in the area to be damped by fasteners.

[0070] The upper and lower ends of the first yielding energy dissipation component 3 are fixedly connected to the upper substrate 2 and the lower substrate 1, respectively;

[0071] A stop 7 is fixedly installed below the upper substrate 2. A serrated groove 71 is opened at the bottom of the stop 7. The lower ends of the second yield energy dissipation member 4, the third yield energy dissipation member 5 and the fourth yield energy dissipation member 6 are fixedly connected to the lower substrate 1 respectively. The upper ends are respectively inserted into the serrated groove 71 of the stop 7, and a gap is provided between them and the inner wall of the serrated groove to provide swing space to the upper end of the yield energy dissipation member.

[0072] When the earthquake source magnitude is small and the stress acting on the first yield energy dissipation component 3 exceeds the elastic limit of the first yield energy dissipation component 3, and the upper end of the second yield energy dissipation component 4 is stationary or the swing amplitude does not exceed the constraint range of the sawtooth groove 71 of the baffle 7, the second yield energy dissipation component 4 will not elastically yield due to the relative displacement of the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 2. At this time, only the first yield energy dissipation component 3 participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake source magnitude increases to a moderate earthquake, the second yield energy dissipation component 4 enters the yield deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the earthquake source magnitude continues to increase to a large earthquake, the third yield energy dissipation component 5 enters the yield deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. When a mega earthquake occurs, the lower base plate 1 and the upper base plate 2 are displaced. The upper base plate 2 drives the two clamping plates 91 to displace and shift with the intermediate plate 92. The shear plate 8 is connected to the intermediate plate 92 and displaces at the same time. At this time, the shear plate 8 begins to displace and dissipate energy.

[0073] It should be noted that the second yield energy dissipation element 4, the third yield energy dissipation element 5, and the fourth yield energy dissipation element 6 used in this invention may include multiple energy dissipation metal plates. All energy dissipation metal plates may be arranged side by side between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2, with adjacent energy dissipation metal plates arranged in parallel and spaced apart. They mainly bear the energy dissipation function under moderate, large, and massive earthquakes. The specific number of energy dissipation metal plates can be analyzed and set according to the specific requirements of different engineering operations, such as the bearing capacity and energy dissipation of the graded yield damper. The first yield energy dissipation element 3 used in this invention may include multiple first energy dissipation metal plates 31. The first energy dissipation metal plates 31 may be vertically connected between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2, and dissipate the energy transmitted by the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2 under small earthquakes through bending deformation. The number of first energy dissipation metal plates 31 may be set to multiple, and all first energy dissipation metal plates 31 are distributed in parallel and spaced apart. The specific number of first energy dissipation metal plates 31 can be calculated according to the specific conditions such as the bearing capacity and energy dissipation of the first yield energy dissipation element 2 in the engineering example. The cross-sectional lengths at both ends of the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31 are greater than the cross-sectional lengths at the middle of the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31. This structure is adapted to the stress distribution of the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31 and is conducive to improving the yield energy dissipation effect of the first energy-dissipating metal plate 31.

[0074] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A four-stage graded yield damper, comprising a lower substrate (1) and an upper substrate (2) spaced apart, characterized in that: A baffle (7) is fixed at the lower middle position of the upper substrate (2), a first yield energy dissipation component (3) is installed between the lower substrate (1) and the upper substrate (2), and a second yield energy dissipation component (4), a third yield energy dissipation component (5) and a fourth yield energy dissipation component (6) are installed between the lower substrate (1) and the baffle (7). The first yielding energy dissipation component (3) includes at least two parallel first energy dissipation metal plates (31), which are X-shaped steel plates. The first energy dissipation metal plates (31) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the baffle (7), and the upper and lower ends of the first energy dissipation metal plates (31) are respectively fixedly connected to the lower substrate (1) and the upper substrate (2). The second yielding energy dissipation component (4) includes at least two parallel second energy dissipation metal plates (41), which are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the first energy dissipation metal plates (31) on the left and right sides. The third yielding energy dissipation component (5) includes at least two parallel third energy dissipation metal plates (51), which are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the second energy dissipation metal plates (41). The lower cross-sectional dimensions of the second yielding energy dissipation component (4) and the third yielding energy dissipation component (5) are larger than the upper cross-sectional dimensions. The fourth yielding energy dissipation component (6) is disposed on the third energy dissipation metal plate. The upper ends of the second yield energy dissipation member (4), the third yield energy dissipation member (5), and the fourth yield energy dissipation member (6) extend into the serrated groove (71) of the baffle (7), and are respectively provided with gaps of different sizes between them and the inner wall of the serrated groove; the fourth yield energy dissipation member (6) includes at least two parallel fourth energy dissipation metal plates (61); the third energy dissipation metal plate (51) and the fourth energy dissipation metal plate (61) are located on the inner side of the plate (51) and between the baffle (7) and the lower base plate (1). The structure of plate (61) is the same as that of the second energy-consuming metal plate (41). The thickness of the fourth energy-consuming metal plate (61) is greater than that of the second energy-consuming metal plate (41) and the third energy-consuming metal plate (51). The gap between the second yielding energy-consuming element (4) and the baffle (7) is smaller than the gap between the third yielding energy-consuming element (5) and the baffle (7). The gap between the third yielding energy-consuming element (5) and the baffle (7) is smaller than the gap between the fourth yielding energy-consuming element (6) and the baffle (7).

2. The four-stage graded yield damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth energy-consuming metal plate (61) is symmetrically arranged inside the third energy-consuming metal plate (51).

3. The four-stage graded yield damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional lengths of the upper and lower ends of the first energy-consuming metal plate (31) are equal and greater than the cross-sectional length of the middle part of the first energy-consuming metal plate (31). The upper and lower ends of the first energy-consuming metal plate (31) are fixedly connected to the lower substrate (1) and the upper substrate (2) by welding, fastener locking or interference fitting.

4. The four-stage graded yield damper according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second energy-consuming metal plate (41) includes a bottom plate (412) in the shape of a trapezoidal plate and a top plate (411) in the shape of an inverted trapezoidal plate. The short side of the top plate is connected to the short side of the bottom plate, and a connecting part (413) is provided between the short side of the top plate and the short side of the bottom plate. The length of the long side of the bottom plate is greater than the length of the long side of the top plate, and the thickness of the top plate (411), the bottom plate (412) and the connecting part (413) are all the same.

5. The four-stage graded yield damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth yield energy dissipation component (6) includes a shear plate (8), a clamping plate (91) and an intermediate plate (92). A rectangular groove (72) is provided in the middle of the baffle (7). The intermediate plate (92) is provided in the rectangular groove (72). The upper and lower ends of the shear plate (8) are fixedly connected to the intermediate plate (92) and the lower base plate (1) respectively. Two clamping plates (91) are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the intermediate plate (92) and connected to the intermediate plate (92) by bolts. The two clamping plates (91) are fixedly connected to the upper base plate (2) respectively.

6. A method of using the four-stage graded yield damper as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: The lower substrate (1) and the upper substrate (2) are placed in the site to be damped and fixed between the support columns or embedded parts in the site to be damped by fasteners. The upper and lower ends of the first yield energy dissipation component (3) are fixedly connected to the upper substrate (2) and the lower substrate (1), respectively. A baffle (7) is fixedly installed below the upper substrate (2). A serrated groove (71) is opened at the bottom of the baffle (7). The lower ends of the second yield energy dissipation member (4), the third yield energy dissipation member (5) and the fourth yield energy dissipation member (6) are fixedly connected to the lower substrate (1) respectively. The upper ends are respectively inserted into the serrated groove (71) of the baffle (7) and a gap is provided between them and the inner wall of the serrated groove to provide swing space to the upper end of the yield energy dissipation member. When the source magnitude is a minor earthquake and the stress acting on the first yield energy dissipation component (3) exceeds the elastic limit of the first yield energy dissipation component (3), and the upper end of the second yield energy dissipation component (4) is stationary or the swing amplitude does not exceed the constraint range of the sawtooth groove (71) of the baffle (7), the second yield energy dissipation component (4) will not yield due to the relative displacement of the lower substrate (1) and the upper substrate (2). At this time, only the first yield energy dissipation component (3) participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the source magnitude increases to a moderate earthquake, the second yield energy dissipation component (4) enters the yield deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the source magnitude continues to increase to a major earthquake, the third yield energy dissipation component (5) enters the yield deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the source magnitude increases to a mega earthquake, the fourth yield energy dissipation component (6) enters the yield deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

7. The method of using the four-stage graded yield damper as described in claim 6, characterized in that: As the magnitude of the earthquake increases to a moderate earthquake, the second yielding energy dissipation component (4) enters the yielding deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: as the magnitude of the earthquake increases to a moderate earthquake, external vibration causes the upper end of the second yielding energy dissipation component (4) to swing more, until it contacts the sawtooth groove sidewall of the baffle (7). Then, the baffle (7) and the lower base plate (1) apply stress to the second yielding energy dissipation component (4), causing the second yielding energy dissipation component (4) to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the magnitude of the earthquake source continues to increase to a major earthquake, the third yield energy dissipation component (5) enters the yield deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction, including: as the magnitude of the earthquake source continues to increase to a major earthquake, the external vibration causes the upper end of the third yield energy dissipation component (5) to swing more until it contacts the sawtooth groove sidewall of the baffle (7). Then, the baffle (7) and the lower base plate (1) apply stress to the third yield energy dissipation component (5) so that the third yield energy dissipation component (5) yields and deforms to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the magnitude of the earthquake increases to mega-earthquake, the fourth yield energy dissipation component (6) enters the yield deformation stage to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. This includes: external vibration causing the upper end of the fourth yield energy dissipation component (6) to swing more until it contacts the side wall of the sawtooth groove of the baffle (7). Then, the baffle (7) and the lower base plate (1) apply stress to the fourth yield energy dissipation component (6), causing the fourth yield energy dissipation component (6) to yield and deform to participate in energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

8. The method of using the four-stage graded yield damper as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: The lower substrate (1) and the upper substrate (2) are placed in the site to be damped and fixed between the support columns or embedded parts in the site to be damped by fasteners. The upper and lower ends of the first yield energy dissipation component (3) are fixedly connected to the upper substrate (2) and the lower substrate (1), respectively. A baffle (7) is fixedly installed below the upper substrate (2). A serrated groove (71) is opened at the bottom of the baffle (7). The lower ends of the second yield energy dissipation member (4), the third yield energy dissipation member (5) and the fourth yield energy dissipation member (6) are fixedly connected to the lower substrate (1) respectively. The upper ends are respectively inserted into the serrated groove (71) of the baffle (7) and a gap is provided between them and the inner wall of the serrated groove to provide swing space to the upper end of the yield energy dissipation member. When the source level is a minor earthquake and the stress acting on the first yield energy dissipation component (3) exceeds the elastic limit of the first yield energy dissipation component (3), and the upper end of the second yield energy dissipation component (4) is stationary or the swing amplitude does not exceed the constraint range of the sawtooth groove (71) of the baffle (7), the second yield energy dissipation component (4) will not elastically yield due to the relative displacement of the lower base plate (1) and the upper base plate (2). At this time, only the first yield energy dissipation component (3) participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the source level increases to a moderate earthquake, the second yield energy dissipation component (4) enters the yield deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. As the source level continues to increase to a major earthquake, the third yield energy dissipation component (5) enters the yield deformation stage and participates in energy dissipation and vibration reduction. When a major earthquake occurs, the lower base plate (1) and the upper base plate (2) are displaced, and the upper base plate (2) drives the two clamping plates (91) to be displaced and misaligned with the middle plate (92). The shear plate (8) is connected to the middle plate (92) and is displaced at the same time. At this time, the shear plate (8) begins to be subjected to force and displacement to dissipate energy.

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