Inline muffler and airway positive pressure therapy device comprising same

Abstract

An inline muffler for use with a positive airway pressure (PAP) device. The muffler can provide an expansion chamber with baffles that capture sound energy with, for example, interfering gas flow paths to effectively reduce downstream noise associated with the pressurized gas flow generated by the PAP device. In some embodiments, the muffler is constructed from two nearly identical halves, and the two halves have baffle segments integrally formed therewith.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority and / or benefit to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 219,963, filed July 9, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Embodiments of this disclosure relate to positive airway pressure systems, and more specifically to inline silencers used with positive airway pressure systems. Background Technology

[0003] Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is frequently used to treat conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, comprehensive sleep apnea, asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), snoring, and congestive heart failure. These treatments typically deliver a pressurized flow of gas (e.g., usually air, but can be most any gas or gas vapor mixture, including, for example, oxygen and drug vapors) to pressurize the user's airway to 4 to 30 cm³ of water (H₂O) (e.g., typically about 4 to 20 cmH₂O) or higher. Depending on the specific treatment, variable or constant pressure therapy may be administered to the user to reduce or eliminate airway obstruction requiring the treatment (or otherwise treat acute or chronic respiratory failure).

[0004] Regardless of the specific treatment, positive airway pressure devices typically include at least one blower unit and a user interface. A delivery tube or hose may also be included to connect the blower unit to the user interface, where the hose and interface together define the delivery conduit. The blower unit may be placed on a bedside table or floor (or bed) near the bed, or alternatively, it may be attached to the user. The blower typically includes a fan or impeller connected to the output shaft of a motor. A controller regulates the motor to control the fan speed, thereby controlling the treatment pressure. The user interface is configured to be fixed relative to the user's head in a manner that forms a substantially airtight seal with the user's airway. As a result, the fan can generate a pressurized gas flow delivered to the airway via the delivery conduit. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of this disclosure may provide a positive airway pressure device, comprising: a flow generator including a housing housing a blower adapted to generate a pressurized gas flow at a blower outlet; a user interface; an elongated delivery tube positioned between the flow generator and the user interface, the delivery tube being adapted to deliver the pressurized gas flow from the blower to the user interface; and an in-line silencer positioned between the blower and the delivery tube, wherein the silencer includes a tubular member adapted to attenuate noise associated with the pressurized gas flow as gas passes through the silencer. The silencer includes: an inlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to the outlet of the blower; an outlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to the proximal end of the delivery pipe; and a body extending between the inlet port and the outlet port, wherein the body defines an expansion chamber having an effective inner diameter greater than the effective inner diameters of both the inlet port and the outlet port, and wherein the inner wall of the body includes a plurality of inwardly extending baffles adapted to capture acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow passing through the expansion chamber.

[0006] In another embodiment, an in-line silencer is provided, adapted to be positioned within the gas delivery path of a positive pressure airway device and between a blower and a user interface. The silencer includes a tubular housing defined by a first half and a second half fixed to each other. The housing includes: a first end defining an inlet port; a second end defining an outlet port; and a body extending between the first and second ends. The body defines an expansion chamber between the first and second ends of the housing, wherein a plurality of baffles extend between opposing inner walls of the expansion chamber. At least one of the baffles is formed by a first baffle segment integrally formed with the first half, and a second baffle segment integrally formed with the second half is aligned with the first baffle segment. Both baffle segments include distal portions terminating within the expansion chamber at points adjacent to or close to each other.

[0007] In another embodiment, an in-line silencer is provided, adapted to be positioned within the gas delivery path of a positive pressure airway device and between a blower and a user interface, wherein the silencer includes a tubular member adapted to attenuate noise detected at the user interface associated with a pressurized gas flow generated by the blower. The silencer includes: an inlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to an outlet of the blower; an outlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to a proximal end of a delivery pipe in fluid communication with the user interface; and a body extending between the inlet port and the outlet port. The body defines an expansion chamber with an effective inner diameter greater than the effective inner diameters of both the inlet port and the outlet port, and the inner wall of the body includes a plurality of inwardly extending baffles adapted to capture acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow passing through the expansion chamber.

[0008] The above description is not intended to depict every embodiment or every possible implementation. Rather, a more complete understanding of the various illustrative embodiments will become apparent by referring to the following detailed description and claims in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Exemplary embodiments will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0010] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a positive pressure airway device including an in-line silencer, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the silencer being located between a blower and a user interface (e.g., a face mask);

[0011] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A side view of the device;

[0012] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of a portion of the equipment;

[0013] Figure 4 yes Figures 1 to 3 A separate perspective view of the muffler;

[0014] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 End view of the muffler;

[0015] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Exploded view of the muffler;

[0016] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A perspective view of one half of the muffler;

[0017] Figure 8 yes Figure 7A top view of half of the muffler;

[0018] Figures 9A to 9G A muffler according to an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure is shown (each muffler has one half removed), wherein: Figure 9A It shows the relationship with Figure 8 A similar muffler baffle structure is shown; Figure 9B The baffle construction using both V-shaped baffle segments and flat baffle segments is shown; Figure 9C The baffle construction using only planar baffle segments is shown; Figure 9D A baffle construction using discontinuous planar baffle segments or planar baffle segments having holes formed therethrough is shown; Figure 9E A baffle construction using meandering, serpentine baffle segments is shown; Figure 9F A baffle structure using planar baffle segments orthogonal to the flow direction is shown; and Figure 9G Another baffle construction using both V-shaped baffle segments and flat baffle segments is shown;

[0019] Figures 10A to 10D Various methods for fixing two muffler halves to each other are shown, wherein: Figure 10A The snap-fit ​​engagement is shown; Figure 10B The U-shaped joint seal is shown; Figure 10C An ultrasonic welding structure is shown; Figure 10D A single muffler half is shown, illustrating an alternative snap-fit ​​engagement construction;

[0020] Figure 11 Another muffler configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown (one half of which is removed);

[0021] Figure 12 Another muffler configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown (one half of which is removed);

[0022] Figure 13 This is a block diagram of an exemplary test configuration for evaluating various mufflers;

[0023] Figures 14A to 14B Another muffler configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, wherein: Figure 14A It is a top view of a muffler with half of it removed; and Figure 14B It is its perspective view; and

[0024] Figures 15A to 15B Another muffler configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, wherein: Figure 15A It is a top view of a muffler with half of it removed; and Figure 15B It is its perspective view.

[0025] These accompanying drawings are primarily for clarity and are therefore not necessarily drawn to scale. Furthermore, various structures / components, including but not limited to fasteners, electrical components (wiring, cables, etc.), may be shown schematically or removed from some or all views to better illustrate aspects of the depicted embodiments, or the inclusion of such structures / components may not be necessary for understanding the various exemplary embodiments. However, the omission of illustrations / descriptions of such structures / components in particular drawings should not be construed as limiting the scope of any embodiment in any way. Detailed Implementation

[0026] In the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the specification, and specific embodiments that may be practiced are illustrated in the drawings by way of illustration.

[0027] The embodiments described herein generally relate to positive airway pressure devices, systems, and methods, and more specifically to in-line silencers used with positive airway pressure devices, systems, and methods. While this document is primarily described in the context of the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, those skilled in the art will recognize that the same or similar embodiments are applicable to most any assisted breathing or ventilation systems, and virtually applicable to most any positive airway pressure devices / systems. Variations, combinations, and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all headings provided are for the reader's convenience and should not be used to limit the meaning of any text following them. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers indicating quantities and all terms indicating direction / orientation (e.g., vertical, horizontal, parallel, perpendicular, etc.) in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified by the term "about". The term "and / or" (if used) refers to one or all of the listed elements or any two or more of the listed elements. The term "ie" is used as an abbreviation of the Latin phrase "id est" and means "that is to say". The term "eg" is used as an abbreviation of the Latin phrase "exempli gratia" and means "for example".

[0029] It should be noted that the terms “having,” “comprising,” “including,” and variations thereof are not restrictive and are used in their open sense to generally mean “including but not limited to,” as these terms appear in the appended specification and claims. Furthermore, “a,” “an,” “the,” “at least one,” and “one or more” are used interchangeably herein. Additionally, relative terms such as “left,” “right,” “front,” “forward,” “rear,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “side,” “upper,” “lower,” “above,” “below,” “horizontal,” and “vertical” may be used herein, and if used, are for the benefit of explanation and / or from the perspective shown in particular figures. However, these terms are used only to simplify the description and are not intended to limit the interpretation of any of the described embodiments.

[0030] Referring to the accompanying drawings, in all the views, the same reference numerals denote the same parts and components. Figure 1 and Figure 2 An exemplary non-invasive positive airway pressure (PAP) device 100 is shown. The PAP device 100 may include an airflow generator formed into a housing to house a blower 101 adapted to generate or otherwise produce an airflow (pressurized gas flow) of pressurized gas 103 at a blower outlet 102. The outlet 102 is operatively coupled to and in fluid communication with a first or proximal end of an elongated delivery hose or tube 106 (via an intermediate hose 107 and a silencer 200 as described below). A second or distal end of the tube 106 may be connected to an inlet 105 of a user interface 108. The user interface 108 may include features adapted to support a flexible seal 112. Figure 1 Not shown in the image, but... Figure 2 The frame 110 (illustrated schematically) is shown in the diagram. The user interface 108 may include virtually any structure as described below, which effectively seals to the user 113 (e.g., to the user's face) such that pressurized gas delivered to the user interface can be delivered to the user's airway 114 without excessive unintentional gas leakage. For example, the user interface may be a mask covering one or both of the user's mouth and nose; a nasal pillow seal; a cannula; or any similar device. For simplicity, the user interface may be simply referred to herein as a "mask" 108 without limitation.

[0031] As used herein, the terms “air,” “gas,” and “fluid” should be understood to include most of any gas or gas vapor combination. For example, the gas supplied by a blower may include ambient air, oxygen, water vapor, pharmaceutical vapor, and combinations thereof. For simplicity, unless otherwise indicated, the terms air, fluid, and gas are used interchangeably herein without limitation.

[0032] Pipe 106 and user interface 108 together define a gas delivery path or delivery conduit 109 suitable for providing or conveying a pressurized gas flow from blower 101 to user 113 via airway 114 (see...). Figure 2 As part of the system, the delivery conduit 109 may include one or more outlets or ports to provide so-called “intentional leaks” or “intentional discharge leaks.” Intentional leaks can help remove carbon dioxide from the system during exhalation to minimize the volume of carbon dioxide that may be re-breathed.

[0033] To generate a desired flow of pressurized gas 103 within the delivery conduit 109, the blower 101 may include a blower housing forming a volute that houses an impeller or fan. An electric motor, such as a brushless DC motor, may be coupled to the fan and rotate it. As the fan rotates, it draws in gas (e.g., ambient air 111) through an air inlet 104 in the blower housing. The drawn-in gas is then compressed by the fan and discharged as a flow of pressurized gas 103 through an outlet 102. By controlling the fan's rotational speed, the pressure of the flow of pressurized gas 103 within the delivery conduit 109 can be controlled to provide the user with the desired therapeutic pressure.

[0034] Device 100 (e.g., blower 101) may also include an electronic (e.g., microprocessor-based) controller that can adjust or otherwise control the speed of the motor (and thus the speed of the fan) in other tasks, thereby regulating the therapeutic pressure and the flow rate of the pressurized gas 103. The controller and other components of device 100 may be powered by an onboard power source (e.g., a battery) or a remote power source (e.g., AC or DC power).

[0035] Although described and shown as a fan-based blower, the term "blower" as used herein can include any device capable of delivering pressurized gas to a delivery conduit. For example, a blower can also be a tank or bottle of compressed gas, metered by a valve to provide appropriate pressure and flow.

[0036] During operation of device 100, acoustic noise generated by blower 101 (sound energy (i.e., pressure) traveling through air or other gases in the form of waves) and the resulting flow of pressurized gas can pass through and propagate along delivery duct 109. This acoustic noise can be annoying to some users and may even interfere with sleep for others. The terms “acoustic noise,” “noise,” and “sound” are used interchangeably herein.

[0037] To address this problem, a muffler 200 defined by a tubular member or housing according to embodiments of this disclosure can be provided. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the silencer can be an in-line silencer operably positioned between the blower 101 and the user interface 108. For example, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the silencer 200 can be positioned in the gas delivery path between the blower 101 and the delivery pipe 106.

[0038] In summary, the silencer 200 may define an expansion chamber within the delivery conduit 109. The silencer / expansion chamber may be provided with baffles (e.g., inwardly extending baffles) adapted to attenuate noise associated with the pressurized gas flow as gas passes through the silencer (noise that would otherwise be detected downstream at the user interface). To achieve this noise attenuation, the baffles may be adapted to effectively capture the acoustic waves (also referred to herein as acoustic energy or sound energy) associated with the pressurized gas flow as the gas moves through the expansion chamber. As used herein, “capturing” acoustic energy can include virtually any baffle geometry resulting in one or more of the following: destructive interference of acoustic energy; acoustic energy diffusion; acoustic energy attenuation; acoustic energy suppression; acoustic energy absorption; and acoustic energy redirection. A silencer according to embodiments of this disclosure may provide this capture functionality by configuring the baffles to interact with the pressurized gas flow as described herein (when the gas passes through the expansion chamber). As used herein, acoustic energy associated with a pressurized gas flow can include acoustic energy generated by the flow of gas; acoustic energy generated by a blower; and acoustic energy generated by any other system component of the system upstream of a silencer.

[0039] As described above and as Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the muffler 200 can be operatively located between the blower 101 and the delivery pipe 106. For example, the muffler housing may include a first end and a second end, the first end defining an inlet port 202 adapted for operative connection to the blower outlet 102 (e.g., via an intermediate tubular hose 107), and the second end defining an outlet port 204 adapted for operative connection to a proximal end of the delivery pipe 106 in fluid communication with a user interface. See also (e.g., see...) Figure 2 The blower 101, hose 107, silencer 200, pipe 106 and user interface 108 may be adapted to be connected to each other in a substantially leak-free manner (except for any intentional leakage provided by any one or more of these components).

[0040] Figure 4 This is an enlarged perspective view of an exemplary muffler 200, and Figure 5 and Figure 6End views and exploded views are shown respectively. As these views show, inlet port 202 and outlet port 204 may define a muffler axis 216 that is substantially coaxial with the flow axis of delivery conduit 109. Furthermore, the muffler 200 / muffler housing may include a body 206 extending between a first end and a second end (e.g., between inlet port 202 and outlet port 204), wherein the body 206 defines an expansion chamber 207 also located between the first and second ends of the housing (see end view). Figure 6 Expansion chamber 207 may include an effective cross-sectional area (e.g., defined by effective inner diameter 208) larger than the effective cross-sectional areas of both inlet port 202 (e.g., defined by inner diameter 209a) and outlet port 204 (e.g., defined by inner diameter 209b). Furthermore, in some embodiments, baffles may extend from the opposing inner walls of the expansion chamber. That is, the inner wall 211 of body 206 (within expansion chamber 207) includes a plurality of inwardly extending baffles (e.g., fixed baffles), as further described below, adapted to capture at least the acoustic energy associated with the flow of pressurized gas through the expansion chamber (e.g., from the inlet port to the outlet port of the muffler / muffler housing) by interfering with the flow of pressurized gas.

[0041] Although referred to herein as “diameter” and “effective diameter,” the inlet port 202, outlet port 204, and expansion chamber 207 can have virtually any cross-sectional internal (and external) shape without departing from the scope of this disclosure. That is, these terms can be used to refer to virtually any dimension associated with a cross-sectional geometry, whether or not that geometry is circular. For example, the term “diameter” can be used to refer to a polygonal cross-sectional dimension, or an elliptical, rectangular, or oblong cross-sectional dimension, without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0042] Still refer to Figure 6 An exemplary muffler 200 (e.g., a muffler housing) may include two symmetrical halves 210a, 210b (respectively and collectively referred to as one or more halves 210) or defined by these two symmetrical halves, each half (and therefore each baffle) being formed by a plastic (or other impermeable material) injection molding process. Because each component is identical, the muffler 200 offers manufacturing economics compared to alternative constructions. The two halves 210 may be adapted along a generally flat mating surface 213 (see...). Figure 5The two halves 210 may be joined or fixed together. It should be noted that the actual mating surfaces may include stepped or curved surfaces, in which case the mating “surface” or mating “plane” may refer to a virtual or constructed plane or surface that, when assembled, is symmetrical about the virtual or constructed plane or surface. In other embodiments, the two halves 210 may be symmetrical in most relevant respects, but may include different mating surface 213 configurations. Such variations in the mating surfaces 213 of the two halves 210 may, for example, facilitate joining the two halves together (e.g., ultrasonic welding) to form the muffler 200. However, even with these variations in mating surfaces, most or all other aspects of the half that provides most of the acoustic noise capture functionality described below (e.g., expansion chamber 207, baffle 214, baffle segment 212, etc.) may also be symmetrical. Therefore, as used herein with respect to the description of half 210, “symmetrical” and similar terms refer to the structural symmetry of those features and components of the two halves that provide the primary acoustic noise capture mechanism, and not necessarily those aspects related to joining the two halves together.

[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, each half 210 may include one or more baffles 214, each baffle being formed by one or more baffle segments 212 extending, for example, from the inner wall 211 of the expansion chamber 207 into the expansion chamber. Due to the symmetry of the half 210 (e.g., baffle segments), each baffle segment 212 of half 210a may be aligned with a corresponding baffle segment 212 of half 210b (near and along the mating plane) to form a substantially continuous baffle 214 extending across the expansion chamber 207 when the half is assembled (see [link to diagram]). Figure 5 (In fact, such as) Figure 5 As shown, a small gap may exist between two corresponding elements. Each half 210 may include a plurality of baffle segments 212, which are positioned along the muffler axis such that baffles 214 interfere with or capture sound (acoustic) energy propagating through the expansion chamber.

[0044] The term "baffle" may be used herein to refer to a baffle component associated with each half 210, and to a combined baffle resulting from the assembly of two halves 210 (e.g., in...). Figure 5 In this context, baffle 214 refers to the portion of the baffle associated with half 210a and the portion associated with half 210b, as well as the final complete baffle produced when the two halves are assembled as shown. Similarly, the terms baffle “segment” or “element” can refer to segment 212 (e.g., ...) associated with each half 210. Figure 6 (as shown), and refers to the complete segment spanning the expansion chamber formed by the assembly of the two halves 210 (see...). Figure 5 ).

[0045] Figure 7This is an enlarged perspective view of the separated half 210 of the muffler 200, showing an exemplary baffle / baffle segment structure. As shown in this view, one or more baffles 214 can be configured as two intersecting planar baffle segments 212 such that each baffle 214 is defined as a V-shape or V-shaped baffle 214 when viewed perpendicular to the mating surface 213. Furthermore, as shown in this view, the two intersecting planar baffle segments 212 forming each V-shaped baffle 214 can intersect each other along a line that also intersects the muffler axis 216.

[0046] As described above, one or more of the baffles 214 / baffle segments 212 may extend inwardly from the inner wall 211 as shown. In some embodiments, the baffles 214 / baffle segments are integrally formed (e.g., molded) with the body of the muffler 200 (e.g., with the inner wall) and extend orthogonally from the inner wall toward the plane defined by the mating surface 213 and terminate at or near that plane (e.g., see...). Figure 5 That is, the corresponding baffle segment of each half 210 may include a distal portion within the expansion chamber terminating at or near the junction of the corresponding baffle segments. As a result, when the two halves 210 are assembled, the baffle segment 212 of each half extends substantially from the inner wall 211 to a distal end 215, which is adjacent to the distal end 215 of the corresponding baffle segment 212 of the opposing half. As described above, these two baffle segments combine to form a larger baffle segment as shown in the figure.

[0047] exist Figure 8 In the exemplary muffler 200 shown, the V-shaped baffles 214 near each end of the expansion chamber may be smaller than the V-shaped baffles located therebetween. For example, the end baffles 214 may have a width 248 of 12 millimeters (mm), such that each corresponding segment or baffle "leg" is spaced 12 mm from the inner wall 211 by a distance 250. Each end baffle 214 may be spaced 15 mm from its adjacent intermediate baffle (along the muffler axis 216), and each intermediate baffle 214 may be spaced 15 mm from each other by a distance 259. Figure 8 As shown, the intermediate V-shaped baffle 214 is larger, such that the planar baffle segment 212 of each intermediate V-shaped baffle 214 is spaced 8 mm apart from the inner wall 211 by a distance 256. Each of the four V-shaped baffles 214 may have a thickness 258 of 1.8 mm.

[0048] The muffler 200 can have the following configuration, although other configurations are of course possible: a total length of 100 mm 240; a diameter of 17 mm for the inlet port 202 (209a) and the outlet port 204 (209b); an expansion chamber length of 50 mm 244; and an expansion chamber diameter of 36 mm 246. The diameters 209a and 209b of the inlet port 202 and the outlet port 204, as well as their relative shapes and dimensions, can differ from each other (although shown as substantially equal) to, for example, allow the muffler to be installed in only one flow direction. Four 90-degree V-shaped baffles 214 are symmetrically oriented relative to the muffler axis 216 (i.e., having vertices intersecting the muffler axis (and centered along the muffler axis)), such that the planar baffle segment 212 of each of the V-shaped baffles 214 extends at a 45-degree angle to the muffler axis. All V-shaped baffles can converge toward (i.e., towards) the muffler inlet, as shown.

[0049] Figure 8 An exemplary flow is also shown as pressurized gas enters inlet port 202, travels through expansion chamber 207, and exits outlet port 204 (as indicated by arrow 103). As shown in this view, when the gas enters the expansion chamber, it is redirected relative to the main axial direction of the gas through interaction with V-shaped baffle 214. This disturbance of the airflow can be effectively reduced downstream of the muffler (e.g., at user interface 108, see [link]). Figure 2 The detected acoustic noise associated with the operation of the blower. The actual airflow pattern and sound pressure energy can vary depending on factors such as baffle geometry (e.g., the length and diameter of the expansion chamber, inlet port, and outlet port), the number of baffles, and the size of the gas passage.

[0050] Although Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a specific baffle geometry, but this construction is merely exemplary. That is, other baffle geometries can also be considered. For example, Figures 9A to 9G Mufflers with various baffle geometries are shown (half of the muffler is removed in each view to show the baffle construction), where Figure 9A It shows the relationship with Figures 6 to 8 The diagram shows a similar V-shaped baffle geometry. Figure 9B A discontinuous baffle geometry is shown, wherein separated, spaced-apart baffle segments 212-1 and 212-2 allow gas to pass through an opening 217 therebetween. In an alternative embodiment, baffle segments 212-1 and 212-2 may be a single baffle segment, wherein the opening 217 is formed by a hole through the baffle segment. Figure 9C In the diagram, baffle section 212-3 is shown offset from the muffler axis 216, while Figure 9DA similar baffle structure with perforations or holes is shown (or alternatively, separate, spaced baffle segments 212-4, 212-5 to create openings 217). Figure 9E A muffler is shown in which the baffle segment 212-6 is constructed as a curved or meandering serpentine element, unlike planar elements. Although Figures 9A to 9D Each planar element defines a plane that intersects the muffler axis 216 at an angle, but Figure 9F A series of offset planar baffle segments 212-7 orthogonally oriented to axis 216 are shown, while Figure 9G V-shaped baffle sections 212-8 and planar baffle sections 212-9, oriented at various angles throughout the expansion chamber, are shown. It is understood that other baffle configurations are, of course, possible. In fact, any baffle structure capable of effectively interfering with the pressurized gas flow within the expansion chamber can be envisioned.

[0051] Although some of these baffle constructions are clearly bidirectional (e.g., see...), Figure 9E , Figure 9F and Figure 9G However, other configurations within these baffle structures can be optimized for flow in a single direction. Even with the latter configuration, sound capture (e.g., sound attenuation) benefits can be achieved when the flow is reversed. That is, while some silencer configurations can be designed for unidirectional operation (i.e., a designated inlet port and a designated outlet port), these silencer configurations can provide benefits even when the flow direction is reversed.

[0052] Regardless of the baffle construction, the halves 210 can be fixed to each other using any acceptable process. For example, the halves can be fixed together using, for instance... Figure 10A The snap-fit ​​engagement is shown. As used herein, "snap-fit" refers to the connection of flexible components to each other by means of the deflection of an interlocking element of one component when it engages with an associated element of another component, and the subsequent return of the deflected portion to its undeflected position. Figure 10A It is shown that each half 210 has interlocking ears 230, 232 adapted to engage with ears 232, 230 of the opposite half. Figure 10D An alternative snap-fit ​​engagement structure is shown (only half 210b is shown). Wherein, Figure 10A In the embodiments shown, the ear portions 232, 230 may extend along most or all of the edges of the halves 210a, 210b. Figure 10D Embodiments may utilize discrete snap-fit ​​components (e.g., tab 281 (the tab is visible only on one side of half 210b) and latch 282). Figure 10D The embodiments can provide better performance than Figure 10AVarious advantages of the embodiments, such as simplified manufacturing / assembly. Although a tab 281 and a latch 282 are shown along each lateral edge of half 210b (or 210a), other embodiments may differ (e.g., multiple tabs on one lateral edge and multiple latches on another lateral edge).

[0053] In other embodiments, half 210 may be secured using a stepped joint or a U-shaped joint seal, the latter being... Figure 10B As shown in the figure. Other embodiments may alternatively or additionally use the following components to join the halves: fasteners (e.g., threaded fasteners); engagement pins; rivets; and adhesives (e.g., epoxy resin, silicone resin, adhesives). In other embodiments, the halves may be secured to each other by an overmolding process. Although not shown, any joining process described herein may be combined with a compressible seal (e.g., an elastomeric seal) positioned between the halves to, for example, reduce air leakage.

[0054] In some embodiments, the halves 210 can be fixed together by ultrasonic welding. For example, Figure 10C This is an enlarged view of the silencer 200, showing the inlet port 202 before the two halves are ultrasonically welded together. As clearly seen in this view, each half may have offset stepped surfaces 234, 235 along one mating edge and offset surfaces 236, 237 along the other mating edge, wherein these surfaces effectively define the construction mating surfaces of the two components. For example, during assembly, surfaces 234, 235 of each half may abut / engage surfaces 236, 237 of the opposite half, respectively. As is known in ultrasonic welding techniques, a surface (e.g., surface 237) may include an energy director 239 to assist the welding operation. Furthermore, in practice, after assembly, the distal end of the baffle segment 212 of each half (see...) Figure 5 The distal end 215 can terminate before reaching the corresponding baffle element of the opposite half, in order to minimize vibration damage during welding, for example.

[0055] While not wishing to be limited to specific materials, the mufflers according to embodiments of this disclosure can be made of plastics such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), mixtures of multiple materials (e.g., ABS / PC mixtures), polypropylene (PP), or other rigid or semi-rigid injection-molded materials. These plastics are advantageous not only because they are suitable for injection molding but also because of their impermeability. As a result, exemplary mufflers made of these plastics can be easily cleaned after use and can even be used in conjunction with humidifying PAP equipment.

[0056] Example

[0057] Figure 11 and Figure 12 Two exemplary silencers, 300 and 400, are shown in the diagram. Silencer 300 has: an overall length of 134 mm; a diameter of 17 mm for the inlet and outlet ports; an expansion chamber length of 87 mm; and an expansion chamber diameter of 35 mm. The silencer described herein may further be provided with external inlet and outlet diameters suitable for accommodating standard breathing components. For example, as defined in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 5356-1, the outer diameter of the inlet and outlet ports may be 22 mm. That is, the outer diameter and other dimensions of silencer 300 may be modified without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0058] The muffler 300 includes a series of four 90-degree V-shaped baffles 314 (one baffle being smaller than the other three), each baffle being formed by a pair of planar baffle segments 312 having vertices intersecting the muffler axis 316 as shown, and eight lateral planar baffle segments 312 offset from the muffler axis as shown, but oriented at the same angle as the V-shaped baffle segments (e.g., 45 degrees to the muffler axis 316 when viewed perpendicularly to the mating plane). The vertical offset 348 between the individual baffle segments is 7.7 mm, and the offset 350 (when viewed perpendicularly to the mating plane of the two halves) of the larger planar baffle segment of each of the V-shaped baffles from the inner wall of the expansion chamber is 6.4 mm.

[0059] like Figure 11 As shown, the V-shaped baffle 314 near the inlet can be smaller than the other baffles. Furthermore, as shown, this smaller V-shaped baffle can be positioned at least partially outside the expansion chamber. In this exemplary embodiment, the initial (smaller) V-shaped baffle has a width 352 of 10 mm across the flow path, wherein the thickness 354 of all planar baffle segments 312 is 1.5 mm. Larger V-shaped baffles 314 near the smaller V-shaped baffle can be spaced 19 mm apart from the smaller V-shaped baffle (measured according to the corresponding apex of the V-shaped baffle along the muffler axis 316), while the larger V-shaped baffles are spaced 23 mm apart from each other 358. Finally, each lateral planar baffle segment forms a lateral baffle that can extend from the inner wall at a 45-degree angle to the muffler axis, such that the distal end of the lateral planar baffle segment is spaced 10.5 mm apart from the inner wall 360.

[0060] Again, it is worth noting that the overall geometry of the muffler ultimately determines its effectiveness in capturing noise. For example, the combination of the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the gas passage, the surface area of ​​the walls forming the passage (i.e., the effect of the walls / V-shaped section on gas flow), and the abruptness of the "turn" created by the baffles can all affect the muffler's ability to capture acoustic energy. In other words, there is a correlation between airflow resistance and how effectively the muffler can capture acoustic energy from a pressurized gas flow.

[0061] Now refer to Figure 12 The muffler 400 has: a total length of 104 mm 440; an inlet port diameter of 17 mm and an outlet port diameter of 442; an expansion chamber length of 57 mm 444; and an expansion chamber diameter of 35 mm 446. The muffler 400 includes a series of four 90-degree V-shaped baffles 414 (with alternating dimensions as shown) and four lateral planar baffle segments 412. Each V-shaped baffle 414 is formed by a planar baffle segment 412 having a vertex that also intersects the muffler axis 416 as shown. The four lateral planar baffle segments 412 are offset from the muffler axis but oriented at the same angle as the V-shaped baffle segments (e.g., 45 degrees to the muffler axis 416 when viewed perpendicularly to the mating plane). The vertical offset 448 between the individual baffle segments is 7 mm, and the offset 450 (when viewed perpendicularly to the mating plane) of the planar baffle segment of each of the V-shaped baffles from the inner wall of the expansion chamber is 6.5 mm.

[0062] like Figure 12 As further shown, the dimensions of the V-shaped baffles 414 can be alternating, such that the first and third V-shaped baffles (along the airflow direction 401) are larger than the second and fourth V-shaped baffles. In this exemplary embodiment, the (smaller) V-shaped baffles have a width 452 of 10 mm across the flow path, wherein the thickness 454 of all planar baffle segments 412 is 1.5 mm. The distance 456 between the first and second V-shaped baffles and the distance between the third and fourth V-shaped baffles are 19 mm (measured along the muffler axis 416 according to their respective vertices), while the distance 458 between the second and third V-shaped baffles is 9 mm. Finally, the lateral planar baffle segments 412 are formed such that the lateral baffles can extend from the inner wall at a 45-degree angle to the muffler axis 416, such that the distal end of the lateral planar baffle segment is spaced 12.5 mm away from the inner wall at a distance 460.

[0063] Use similar to Figure 2The configuration shown was used for initial testing of silencers 300 and 400, with hose 107 having a length of 200 mm and tube 106 having a length of 1,220 mm. User interface 108 is an "AirFit F20" full-face mask seal sold by ResMed, San Diego, California, USA, and is connected to the mannequin head. The PAP blower is a "Transend 3miniCPAP Auto" continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device manufactured by Somnetics, International, Fridley, Minnesota, USA. The microphone arrangement is in accordance with ISO 3744 Section 7.2 (according to ISO 80601-2-70) regarding the mannequin head and user interface. The mannequin head using the airflow system is adapted to simulate user breathing. Table 1 below shows the test results for the following scenarios: no silencer installed; silencer 300 installed with airflow direction 301; and silencer 400 installed with airflow direction 401. The “dynamic sound level” is the sound power level detected when a sinusoidal breathing simulator is run for a total of 10 seconds with the relevant tidal volume and respiratory rate per minute as shown in Table 1, and then the average sound power level is calculated over 3 runs.

[0064]

[0065] Table 1

[0066] *Measured in and around the user interface when the muffler is 105+ / -5 cm away from the head of the mannequin.

[0067] As these data show, mufflers 300 and 400 produce a significant reduction in the dynamic sound level detected at the user interface. It was also observed that, at least relative to muffler 300, a similar reduction in detected noise occurred when the airflow direction was reversed (e.g., air flows along direction 303). Therefore, as stated above, even mufflers designed for installation in a specific direction can provide benefits when installed in reverse.

[0068] Use and Figure 8 Muffler 200 and Figure 9G Similar tests were also conducted on mufflers with roughly the same construction as those shown. Although the achieved noise capture level was less than that achieved using the mufflers shown in Table 1 above, these alternative mufflers did produce a smaller voltage drop.

[0069] As further described below, Figure 13A specific exemplary test apparatus 800 is shown, designed to evaluate the reduction in sound power level associated with various muffler configurations. This test apparatus is designed to better determine muffler performance by isolating the CPAP and then measuring the acoustic noise traveling along the delivery ducts (hose and mask) (i.e., traveling through the muffler). In this exemplary apparatus, the CPAP device 802 (again, a CPAP of model “Transcend3miniCPAP Auto”) and the muffler 803 are located outside the anechoic chamber 804, while an airway mannequin 806 equipped with an AirFit F20 mask 808 (as used herein, “mannequin” refers to a human head and neck mannequin, such as the model LF03667U mannequin distributed by Nasco Education, Inc., Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, USA) is located inside the anechoic chamber. Because the CPAP device 802 and the silencer 803 (which may represent any of the silencers shown and / or described herein) are located outside the anechoic chamber, the sound power level detected near the mannequin is generally limited by the acoustic energy propagating along the delivery conduits (e.g., hose 106 and mask 808). Therefore, this device can determine variations in sound power level attributable to the use of a silencer, such as one constructed according to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. The test configuration and methods are consistent with those described in ISO 3744:2010.

[0070] like Figure 13 As shown, the breathing simulator 810 is also located outside the anechoic chamber 804 and is connected to the artificial airway of the mannequin 806 via a conduit 812. In this particular test configuration, the mannequin 806 includes an artificial nose, mouth, and tracheal passage. Furthermore, the mannequin 806 includes facial features / structures that mimic a human face to accommodate a typical fit of the mask 808.

[0071] The mannequin 806 is placed on the platform with its face up orientation to simulate a person sleeping in a supine position. Then, a hose 812 is connected to the simulated trachea or airway of the mannequin through a connector in the neck.

[0072] To detect the sound power level, an array of microphones 814 is arranged on a virtual hemispherical dome surrounding the human mannequin 806. The array comprises a total of ten microphones, with the positions of the ten microphones selected using microphone positions 1 to 10 as indicated in Figure B.2 of ISO 3744:2010. The virtual hemispherical dome has a radius of one meter, with each microphone 814 pointing towards the center of the dome, the center of which approximately coincides with the geometric center of the head of the supine human mannequin 806.

[0073] The breathing simulator used was a VacuMed 17050 model distributed in Ventura, California, USA, and was configured to produce sinusoidal simulated breathing at a rate of 20 breaths per minute, with a tidal volume of 500 ml per breath. No mask leakage was observed along the delivery tubing in this test configuration.

[0074] Using this configuration, tests were conducted in the following situations: without a muffler; using the mufflers 200, 300, and 400 described herein; and using... Figure 14A and Figure 14B The silencer 500 shown and such Figure 15A and Figure 15B The muffler 600 is shown. Mufflers 500 and 600 will now be briefly described.

[0075] Figure 14A and Figure 14B The muffler 500 shown (hereinafter referred to individually and collectively as "Figure 14") has: a total length of 134 mm 540; a diameter of 18 mm for the inlet port and 542 for the outlet port; an expansion chamber length of 84 mm 544; and an expansion chamber diameter of 35 mm 546. In this embodiment, the muffler includes a series of six 90-degree V-shaped baffles 514, each V-shaped baffle being formed, as shown, by two planar baffle segments ("legs") 512 symmetrically oriented relative to the muffler axis 516 (i.e., having a vertex intersecting the muffler axis (and centered along the muffler axis)), such that the planar baffle segments 512 of each V-shaped baffle 514 extend at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the muffler axis 516. Three of the V-shaped baffles (those closest to the inlet) may converge toward (i.e., towards) the muffler inlet, and another three (those closest to the outlet) may converge toward the muffler outlet.

[0076] The muffler 500 may also include six pairs (12 in total) of lateral planar baffle sections 512 extending from near the inner wall of the expansion chamber toward the muffler axis but terminating before reaching the muffler axis. Figure 14A In the example shown, the lateral planar baffle segment 512 can be positioned close to each planar baffle segment 512 of the corresponding V-shaped baffle and extend parallel to it (at the same angle). That is, each V-shaped baffle 514 can have a lateral planar baffle segment 512 associated with each of its planar baffle segments or legs 512.

[0077] Furthermore, the muffler 500 includes one or more center baffle segments 518, 520, each defining a center baffle positioned near the center of the expansion chamber (e.g., between two sets of V-shaped baffles 514). The center baffle includes a longitudinal center baffle defined by baffle segment 518 and two offset transverse center baffles defined by baffle segment 520. Baffle segment 518 extends along the muffler axis as shown and terminates at a position spaced apart from the two innermost V-shaped baffles 514. Baffle segment 520 is orthogonal to the orientation of longitudinal center baffle segment 518. Transverse center baffle segment 520 may terminate at a position spaced apart from longitudinal center baffle segment 518 as shown, to provide an air passage between baffle segment 518 and baffle segment 520. Figure 14B As shown, the lateral baffle section 512 may only be adjacent to a portion of the inner surface of the expansion chamber. For example, an air passage 519 may exist between the lateral baffle section 512 (and the transverse central baffle section 520) and the inner wall of the expansion chamber.

[0078] While the spacing between the various baffle segments 512, 518, and 520 can certainly vary without departing from the scope of this disclosure, each of the two sets of V-shaped baffles 514 can be spaced apart from each other by a distance 530 of 12 mm (measured between the apexes along the muffler axis), and each set can have a baffle segment or leg length 531 of 19 mm, resulting in a maximum clearance 533 of 14 mm (measured along the mating plane) between each V-shaped baffle segment and the inner wall of the expansion chamber. Furthermore, each lateral baffle segment 512 (which also extends parallel to one of the baffle segments of the associated V-shaped baffle 514) can be offset by a distance 532 of 3 mm from its V-shaped baffle leg.

[0079] Figures 15A to 15B (Hereinafter referred to individually and collectively as “Figure 15”) illustrates yet another muffler 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein Figure 15A It is a top view (viewed perpendicular to the mating plane, in which one symmetrical half of the muffler is removed), and Figure 15BThis is its perspective view. The muffler 600 has: a total length of 134 mm 640; inlet and outlet port diameters of 18 mm 642; an expansion chamber length of 88 mm 644; and an expansion chamber diameter of 36 mm 646. In this embodiment, the muffler 600 includes a series of four 90-degree V-shaped baffles 614 (formed by pairs of planar baffle segments 612), which are spaced approximately equally at 22 mm intervals 630 within the expansion chamber and are symmetrical about the muffler axis 616 when viewed perpendicular to the mating plane (i.e., each V-shaped baffle, as shown, has a vertex that also intersects the muffler axis 616 (and is centered along the muffler axis), such that the planar elements or legs 612 of each V-shaped baffle 614 extend at an angle of 45 degrees to the muffler axis). Unlike the V-shaped baffles of the muffler 500, as... Figure 15B As shown, the V-shaped baffle 614 generally completely blocks (except for the orifice described below) the passage of air moving through the expansion chamber. That is, the V-shaped baffle 614 is adjacent to the inner wall of the expansion chamber approximately over the entire circumference of the expansion chamber.

[0080] like Figure 15B As further shown, each V-shaped baffle 614 defines or forms one or more holes passing through it. More specifically, each V-shaped baffle has a central hole 622 and side holes 623, the central hole 622 having an axis coinciding with the muffler axis 616, and the side holes 623 positioned on each side of the central hole. Although not limiting, the holes can be (when the halves are assembled) generally circular in shape when viewed parallel to the muffler axis 616. Each central hole 622 can have an effective diameter of 10 mm (when viewed coaxially with the muffler axis 616), while each side hole 623 can have an effective diameter of 5 mm (when viewed similarly).

[0081] Table 2 below provides the usage of the above and Figure 13 The test setup shown presents sound power level measurements for different muffler configurations. As a benchmark, in muffler 803 (see...) Figure 13 Testing was conducted with the muffler removed (i.e., hose 106 directly connected to CPAP unit 802). After determining the baseline sound power level without the muffler, mufflers 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 (positioned as alternatives) were evaluated. Figure 13 (Muffler 803 in the middle). The results are listed in Table 2.

[0082]

[0083] Table 2

[0084] As shown in Table 2, the silencer according to embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a significant reduction in the sound power level detected at the user interface / mask (i.e., at the user's head).

[0085] Aspects of the invention are enumerated in the claims. However, a non-exhaustive list of non-limiting examples is provided below. Any one or more features of these examples may be combined with any one or more features of another example, embodiment, or aspect described herein.

[0086] Example 1: A positive pressure airway device comprising: a flow generator including a housing housing a blower adapted to generate a pressurized gas flow at a blower outlet; a user interface; an elongated delivery tube positioned between the flow generator and the user interface, the delivery tube being adapted to deliver the pressurized gas flow from the blower to the user interface; and an in-line silencer positioned between the blower and the delivery tube, wherein the silencer includes a tubular member adapted to attenuate noise associated with the pressurized gas flow as gas passes through the silencer, the silencer including: an inlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to a blower outlet; an outlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to a proximal end of the delivery tube; and a body extending between the inlet port and the outlet port, wherein the body defines an expansion chamber having an effective inner diameter greater than the effective inner diameters of both the inlet port and the outlet port, and wherein an inner wall of the body includes a plurality of inwardly extending baffles adapted to capture acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow passing through the expansion chamber.

[0087] Example 2: The device according to Example 1, wherein the baffle is integrally formed with the body of the muffler.

[0088] Example 3: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the capture of acoustic energy includes one or more of the following: destructive interference of acoustic energy; acoustic energy diffusion; acoustic energy attenuation; acoustic energy suppression; acoustic energy absorption; and acoustic energy redirection.

[0089] Example 4: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the inlet port and the outlet port define the muffler axis, and one or more of the baffles include two intersecting planar baffle segments defined in a V shape.

[0090] Example 5: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein two intersecting planar baffle segments intersect each other along a line intersecting the muffler axis.

[0091] Example 6: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the inlet port and the outlet port define the muffler axis, and one or more of the baffles include a planar baffle segment integrally formed with the inner wall.

[0092] Example 7: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the planar baffle segment defines a plane that intersects the muffler axis at an inclined angle.

[0093] Example 8: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the muffler comprises two halves fixed to each other.

[0094] Example 9: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein each of the two halves is produced by injection molding.

[0095] Example 10: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the two halves are fixed to each other by a process selected from the group consisting of ultrasonic welding, bonding, snap-fit ​​engagement, fastening and overmolding.

[0096] Example 11: The device according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the baffle comprises an impermeable material.

[0097] Example 12: The device according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the baffle comprises a plastic material.

[0098] Example 13: An in-line silencer adapted to be positioned within the gas delivery path of a positive pressure airway device and between a blower and a user interface, the silencer comprising a tubular housing defined by a first half and a second half fixed to each other, wherein the housing includes: a first end defining an inlet port; a second end defining an outlet port; and a body extending between the first and second ends, the body defining an expansion chamber between the first and second ends of the housing, wherein a plurality of baffles extend between opposing inner walls of the expansion chamber, and wherein at least one of the plurality of baffles is formed by a first baffle segment integrally formed with the first half, the first baffle segment being aligned with a second baffle segment integrally formed with the second half, the two baffle segments including distal portions terminating within the expansion chamber at a point adjacent to or close to each other.

[0099] Example 14: A silencer according to Example 13, wherein a plurality of baffles are adapted to interfere with the acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow from the inlet port to the outlet port.

[0100] Example 15: A muffler according to any one of Examples 13 to 14, wherein one or more of the plurality of baffles include a shape selected from one or both of planar baffle segments and curved baffle segments.

[0101] Example 16: A muffler according to any one of Examples 13 to 15, wherein the first baffle segment and the second baffle segment form a V-shape when viewed perpendicular to the mating plane of the first half and the second half.

[0102] Example 17: A muffler according to any one of Examples 13 to 16, wherein one or more of the plurality of baffles are defined with holes.

[0103] Example 18: A muffler according to any one of Examples 13 to 17, wherein the first half and the second half are adapted to be fixed to each other by a process selected from the group consisting of ultrasonic welding, bonding, snap-fit ​​engagement, fastening and overmolding.

[0104] Example 19: The muffler according to any one of Examples 13 to 18 further includes a compressible seal located between the first half and the second half.

[0105] Example 20: A muffler according to any one of Examples 13 to 19, wherein the first half and the second half each comprise an impermeable material.

[0106] Example 21: A muffler according to any one of Examples 13 to 20, wherein the first half and the second half each comprise a plastic material.

[0107] Example 22: An in-line silencer adapted to be positioned within the gas delivery path of a positive pressure airway device between a blower and a user interface, the silencer comprising: a tubular member adapted to attenuate noise detected at the user interface associated with a pressurized gas flow generated by the blower; the silencer comprising: an inlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to an outlet of the blower; an outlet port adapted to be operatively coupled to a proximal end of a delivery pipe in fluid communication with the user interface; and a body extending between the inlet port and the outlet port, wherein the body defines an expansion chamber having an effective inner diameter greater than the effective inner diameters of both the inlet port and the outlet port, and wherein an inner wall of the body includes a plurality of inwardly extending baffles adapted to capture acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow passing through the expansion chamber.

[0108] Illustrative embodiments have been described, and possible variations thereof have been referenced. These and other variations, combinations, and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth herein.

Claims

1. A positive airway pressure device, comprising: A flow generator includes a housing that houses a blower adapted to generate a pressurized gas flow at the blower outlet; User interface; An elongated delivery pipe is positioned between the flow generator and the user interface, the delivery pipe being adapted to deliver the pressurized gas flow from the blower to the user interface; as well as An in-line silencer positioned between the blower and the delivery pipe, wherein the silencer includes a tubular member adapted to attenuate noise associated with the pressurized gas flow as gas passes through the silencer, the silencer comprising: An inlet port adapted for operative connection to the blower outlet; An outlet port adapted for operative coupling to the proximal end of the delivery pipe, the inlet port and the outlet port defining a silencer axis; and A body extending between the inlet port and the outlet port, wherein the body defines an expansion chamber with an effective inner diameter greater than the effective inner diameters of both the inlet port and the outlet port, and wherein the inner wall of the body includes a plurality of inwardly extending baffles adapted to capture acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow passing through the expansion chamber, and one or more of the baffles include two intersecting planar baffle segments defined in a V-shape.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The baffle is integrally formed with the main body of the muffler.

3. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The capture of acoustic energy includes one or more of the following: destructive interference of acoustic energy; acoustic energy diffusion; acoustic energy attenuation; acoustic energy suppression; acoustic energy absorption; and acoustic energy redirection.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein, The two intersecting planar baffle segments intersect each other along a line that intersects the axis of the muffler.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The planar baffle segment is integrally formed with the inner wall.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The muffler consists of two halves that are fixed to each other.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein, Each of the two halves is produced by injection molding.

8. The device according to claim 6, wherein, The two halves are secured to each other by a process selected from the group consisting of ultrasonic welding, bonding, snap-fit ​​joints, fastening and overmolding.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The baffle comprises an impermeable material.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein, The baffle is made of plastic material.

11. An in-line silencer adapted to be positioned within the gas delivery path of a positive pressure pneumatic device and between a blower and a user interface, said silencer comprising a tubular housing defined by a first half and a second half fixed to each other, wherein, The housing includes: The first end defines the entry port; The second end defines the exit port; and A body extending between a first end and a second end defines an expansion chamber between the first end and the second end of the housing, wherein a plurality of baffles extend between opposing inner walls of the expansion chamber, and wherein at least one of the plurality of baffles is formed by a first baffle segment integrally formed with the first half, a second baffle segment integrally formed with the second half being aligned with the first baffle segment, the two baffle segments including distal portions terminating within the expansion chamber at the points where the two baffle segments are adjacent to or close to each other, wherein the first baffle segment and the second baffle segment form a V-shape when viewed perpendicular to the mating plane of the first half and the second half.

12. The silencer according to claim 11, wherein, The plurality of baffles are adapted to capture the acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow from the inlet port to the outlet port.

13. The silencer according to claim 11, wherein, One or more of the plurality of baffles include a shape selected from one or both of planar baffle segments and curved baffle segments.

14. The silencer according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein, One or more of the plurality of baffles are defined with holes.

15. The silencer according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein, The first half and the second half are adapted to be fixed to each other by a process selected from the group consisting of ultrasonic welding, bonding, snap-fit ​​jointing, fastening and overmolding.

16. The silencer according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein, It also includes a compressible seal located between the first half and the second half.

17. The silencer according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein, The first half and the second half each comprise an impermeable material.

18. The silencer according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein, The first half and the second half each comprise plastic material.

19. An in-line silencer adapted to be positioned within the gas delivery path of a positive pressure pneumatic device and between a blower and a user interface, the silencer comprising: A tubular member adapted to attenuate noise detected at the user interface in association with the pressurized gas flow generated by the blower, the silencer comprising: An inlet port adapted for operative connection to the outlet of the blower; An outlet port, adapted for operative connection to the proximal end of a delivery pipe in fluid communication with the user interface, the inlet port and the outlet port defining a silencer axis; and A body extending between the inlet port and the outlet port, wherein the body defines an expansion chamber with an effective inner diameter greater than the effective inner diameters of both the inlet port and the outlet port, and wherein the inner wall of the body includes a plurality of inwardly extending baffles adapted to capture acoustic energy associated with the pressurized gas flow passing through the expansion chamber, and one or more of the baffles include two intersecting planar baffle segments defined in a V-shape.

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