Composite oxide stabilizers for high power laser welding forming and applications thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of welding, and discloses a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding forming and application thereof, the composite oxide stabilizer is composed of five kinds of powder particles of Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2 and ZnO, and only contains the five components, and the weight ratio of the five components is respectively Fe2O3: 25-35%, Cr2O3: 30-40%, TiO2: 15-20%, SiO2: 6-10% and ZnO: 6-10%. The application effectively enhances the stability in the process of kilowatt and ten-kilowatt laser welding, thereby effectively inhibiting the collapse and bottom hump, realizing single-pass welding on a medium-thick plate with a thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm, and obtaining a good formed weld.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of welding-related technology, and more specifically, relates to a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding boasts advantages such as high welding speed, excellent surface quality, minimal deformation, and the ability to weld refractory materials, making it widely used in aerospace, rail transportation, and shipbuilding industries. However, as the thickness of the base material increases, the required laser power also increases. When using high-power lasers for single-pass welding of medium-thick plates, the welding process suffers from poor stability, with defects such as bottom humps and collapse easily occurring. Adjusting welding parameters alone is insufficient to control weld formation and guarantee weld quality. To achieve controlled weld formation in high-power laser welding, auxiliary methods such as beveling and multi-pass welding are typically employed. However, these methods increase labor and time costs, severely hindering improvements in production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding and its application, which effectively enhances the stability of kilowatt and megawatt-level laser welding processes, thereby effectively suppressing slump and bottom hump, enabling single-pass welding of medium-thick plates with a thickness of 10 mm or more, and obtaining a well-formed weld.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding is provided, wherein the composite oxide stabilizer is composed of five powder particles: Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO, and contains only these five components, with the following weight ratios: Fe2O3: 25-35%, Cr2O3: 30-40%, TiO2: 15-20%, SiO2: 6-10%, and ZnO: 6-10%.

[0005] Preferably, the particle size of all five powder particles is less than 200 mesh.

[0006] The second aspect of this application provides an application of a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding forming, wherein the composite oxide stabilizer is used in single-pass welding of medium-thick plates with a thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm.

[0007] Preferably, the laser power used for welding with the composite oxide stabilizer is in the kilowatt or megawatt range.

[0008] The third aspect of this application provides a welding method for a composite oxide stabilizer used in high-power laser welding, comprising: mixing the composite oxide stabilizer with an organic solvent to form a paste, applying the paste to the mating surfaces of the parts to be welded, drying it, and then welding it with a kilowatt-level or megawatt-level laser.

[0009] Preferably, the coating amount of the paste is 3–12 mg / cm³. 2 .

[0010] Preferably, the organic solvent is anhydrous ethanol.

[0011] In summary, compared with the prior art, the composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding and its application provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0012] 1. The oxide combination in this application can be coated on the butt joint surface of the welding base material, effectively enhancing the stability of the kilowatt and megawatt laser welding process, thereby effectively suppressing slump and bottom hump, realizing single-pass welding of medium-thick plates with a thickness of 10mm or more, and obtaining a well-formed weld.

[0013] 2. ZnO exhibits the best suppression effect on weld slump and bottom hump in high-power laser welding, but it is difficult to apply evenly and produces a large amount of spatter. SiO2 has the best shape control effect in high-power laser-arc hybrid welding, but it is extremely easy to fall off after drying, and its control effect in high-power laser welding is relatively poor. TiO2 has the most stable effect on weld shape control, but its suppression effect on slump and bottom hump is poor, and it is also relatively easy to fall off after drying. Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 are easy to apply evenly and are not easy to fall off after drying, but their shape control effect in laser-arc hybrid welding is not significant. The stabilizer obtained by mixing the five components is easy to apply evenly, is not easy to fall off after drying, and has excellent shape control effect, showing good performance in all aspects. Furthermore, the suppression effect of ZnO on slump and bottom hump, the shape control effect of SiO2, and the "stabilizing" effect of TiO2 are all further enhanced, while overcoming the shortcomings of the five components when used alone in single laser welding or hybrid welding, thus expanding the applicable process range of the mixed stabilizer.

[0014] 3. The stabilizer of this application can achieve single-pass welding and double-sided forming of medium-thick plates with a thickness of 10 mm or more, or even up to 20 mm.

[0015] 4. This invention enhances the stability of high-power laser welding, expands the process window, and facilitates the promotion and application of high-power laser welding technology in the welding field.

[0016] 5. Compared with beveling and multi-pass welding, the technical solution provided by this invention is easier to implement and has lower application and promotion costs.

[0017] 6. The stabilizer provided by this invention consists of metal and non-metal oxides that are non-toxic to the human body and do not produce toxic gases during the welding process, making it a safe and environmentally friendly technical solution.

[0018] 7. This invention can be applied to various laser welding processes such as single laser welding, laser composite energy field welding, laser filler wire welding, laser oscillating welding, laser stir welding, and laser scanning welding, and has a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This refers to the weld section of EH36 steel that was subjected to high-power laser welding without the use of stabilizers;

[0020] Figure 2 This is the weld section corresponding to the high-power laser welding of EH36 steel after using a stabilizer in Example 1;

[0021] Figure 3 This is the weld section corresponding to the high-power laser welding of EH36 steel after using a stabilizer in Example 2;

[0022] Figure 4 This refers to the weld section corresponding to the high-power laser welding of EH36 steel after the use of a stabilizer in Example 3;

[0023] Figure 5 This is the weld section corresponding to the high-power laser welding of EH36 steel after using a stabilizer in Example 4;

[0024] Figure 6 This is the weld section corresponding to the high-power laser welding of EH36 steel after using a stabilizer in Example 5;

[0025] Figure 7 This refers to the weld cross section corresponding to the high-power laser welding of EH36 steel after the use of a stabilizer in Example 6. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0027] The first aspect of this invention provides a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding, particularly suitable for single-pass welding of medium-thick plates with a thickness of 10 mm or more. The stabilizer for high-power laser welding is composed of five powder particles: Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO, and contains only these five components, with the following weight ratios: Fe2O3: 25-35%, Cr2O3: 30-40%, TiO2: 15-20%, SiO2: 6-10%, and ZnO: 6-10%.

[0028] In a further preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the five powder particles is: Fe2O3: 20-30%, Cr2O3: 32-38%, TiO2: 16-18%, SiO2: 7-9%, and ZnO: 7-9%.

[0029] In a further optimized scheme, the particle size of all five powder particles is less than 200 mesh.

[0030] The second aspect of this application provides an application of a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding forming, wherein the composite oxide stabilizer is used in single-pass welding of medium-thick plates with a thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment, the laser power used for welding with the composite oxide stabilizer is in the kilowatt or megawatt range.

[0032] The third aspect of this application provides a welding method for a composite oxide stabilizer used in high-power laser welding, comprising: mixing the composite oxide stabilizer with an organic solvent to form a paste, applying the paste to the mating surfaces of the workpieces to be welded, drying it, and then welding it with a kilowatt-level laser.

[0033] The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] Step 1: Mix five powder particles with a particle size of less than 200 mesh (Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO) according to the weight ratio to prepare a composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding forming control, and mix them evenly.

[0035] Step 2: Use mechanical methods to grind the mating surfaces of the workpieces to be welded and the adjacent upper and lower surfaces in a 1-2cm wide area until a metallic luster appears, and then wipe with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil stains.

[0036] Step 3: Place the workpiece, after removing the oil in step 2, vertically with the mating surfaces facing upwards, and then fix it in place;

[0037] Step 4: Place the stabilizer prepared in Step 1 in a container, add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol, mix to form a paste that is easy to apply, and then use a flat nylon brush to evenly apply it to the mating surfaces of the workpieces to be welded. The coating area should be 100% of the mating surface, that is, completely covering the high-strength steel mating surface. The coating amount is 3-12 mg / cm². 2 ;

[0038] Step 5: Allow to air dry naturally or use a hair dryer to dry until the anhydrous ethanol has completely evaporated and the coating is dry. Then, remove the workpiece and perform high-power laser welding.

[0039] Applying the stabilizer described in this invention to the mating surfaces of the workpieces to be welded can enhance the stability of the molten pool welding process, effectively suppress collapse and bottom hump, obtain a single-pass weld with good double-sided forming, improve production efficiency, and is applicable to various laser welding processes such as laser and its composite energy field welding, laser filler wire welding, laser oscillating welding, laser stir welding, and laser scanning welding, and has high application value.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] High-power laser welding is used for butt welding of 16mm thick EH36 steel plates. The welding steps are as follows.

[0042] Step 1: Using an electronic scale, mix five powder particles with a particle size of less than 200 mesh, namely Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO, according to the weight ratio to prepare a stabilizer for high-power laser welding. The weight percentages of each component are as follows: Fe2O3: 32%, Cr2O3: 33%, TiO2: 17%, SiO2: 10%, and ZnO: 8%.

[0043] Step 2: Place the prepared stabilizer mixture into a ball mill and ball mill for 30 minutes to ensure that all components are mixed evenly before removing it.

[0044] Step 3: Use mechanical methods to grind the mating surfaces of the two 16mm thick EH36 steel plates and a 1cm wide area on the adjacent upper and lower surfaces until a metallic luster appears, and then wipe with anhydrous ethanol to remove oil stains.

[0045] Step 4: Place the EH36 steel plate, after removing the oil stains, vertically with the butt joints facing upwards, and then secure it.

[0046] Step 5: Mix the stabilizer powder obtained from ball milling in Step 2 with an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol to form a paste that is easy to apply. Then, use a nylon brush to evenly apply the paste to the mating surfaces of the EH36 steel plate, covering 100% of the mating surface, with a coating amount of 6 mg / cm². 2 ;

[0047] Step 6: Air dry naturally until the anhydrous ethanol has completely evaporated. Then, remove the EH36 steel plate and perform high-power laser welding. The welding process specifications are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Analysis of the effect of this embodiment: Figure 1 The weld cross section corresponding to high-power laser welding of EH36 steel without the use of stabilizers. Figure 2 The weld cross-section corresponding to high-power laser welding of EH36 steel using stabilizers. Figure 1 It can be seen that the weld seam without stabilizer has obvious collapse defects, and Figure 2 The weld seam corresponding to the applied stabilizer is well formed, with no bottom hump and no obvious collapse, and the weld seam formation quality is significantly improved.

[0049]

[0050] Table 1

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] Unlike Example 1, the weight percentages of the components in this example are Fe2O3: 25%, Cr2O3: 35%, TiO2: 20%, SiO2: 10%, and ZnO: 10%.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, after applying the stabilizer, the corresponding weld formation is good, with no bottom hump and no obvious collapse, and the weld formation quality is significantly improved.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] Unlike Example 1, the weight percentages of the components in this example are Fe2O3: 35%, Cr2O3: 30%, TiO2: 15%, SiO2: 10%, and ZnO: 10%.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, after applying the stabilizer, the corresponding weld formation is good, with no bottom hump and no obvious collapse, and the weld formation quality is significantly improved.

[0057] Example 4:

[0058] Unlike Example 1, the weight percentages of the components in this example are Fe2O3: 30%, Cr2O3: 40%, TiO2: 15%, SiO2: 6%, and ZnO: 9%.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, after applying the stabilizer, the corresponding weld formation is good, with no bottom hump and no obvious collapse, and the weld formation quality is significantly improved.

[0060] Example 5:

[0061] Unlike Example 1, the weight percentages of the components in this example are Fe2O3: 35%, Cr2O3: 34%, TiO2: 15%, SiO2: 6%, and ZnO: 10%.

[0062] like Figure 6 As shown, after applying the stabilizer, the corresponding weld formation is good, with no bottom hump and no obvious collapse, and the weld formation quality is significantly improved.

[0063] Example 6:

[0064] Unlike Example 1, the weight percentages of the components in this example are Fe2O3: 34%, Cr2O3: 35%, TiO2: 15%, SiO2: 10%, and ZnO: 6%.

[0065] like Figure 7 As shown, after applying the stabilizer, the corresponding weld formation is good, with no bottom hump and no obvious collapse, and the weld formation quality is significantly improved.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding forming, characterized in that, The composite oxide stabilizer is composed of five powder particles: Fe2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO, and contains only these five components. Their weight ratios are Fe2O3: 25-35%, Cr2O3: 30-40%, TiO2: 15-20%, SiO2: 6-10%, and ZnO: 6-10%.

2. The composite oxide stabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of all five powders is less than 200 mesh.

3. The application of the composite oxide stabilizer for high-power laser welding as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The composite oxide stabilizer is used in single-pass welding of medium-thick plates with a thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, The laser power used in welding with the composite oxide stabilizer is in the kilowatt or megawatt range.

5. A welding method for a composite oxide stabilizer used in high-power laser welding as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: The composite oxide stabilizer is mixed with an organic solvent to form a paste. The paste is then applied to the mating surfaces of the parts to be welded. After drying, welding is performed using a kilowatt-level or ten-thousand-watt-level laser.

6. The welding method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The coating amount of the paste is 3–12 mg / cm². 2 .

7. The welding method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The organic solvent is anhydrous ethanol.

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