An apparatus and method for manufacturing a tubular quasi-three-dimensional braided preform and curing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of equipment and winding cure method of tubular quasi-three-dimensional winding preform, including bed, winding power machine head, clamping platform, winding platform, core mould, cloth tape winding head, blind seam head, axial movement mechanism and controller;Axial movement mechanism is arranged on bed, winding power machine head is arranged above the side of bed, clamping platform and winding platform are all arranged on axial movement mechanism, and winding platform is located between winding power machine head and clamping platform;Core mould is arranged on winding platform, and blind seam head and cloth tape winding head are respectively arranged on the winding platform of the two sides of core mould;Controller is used to control axial movement mechanism, winding power machine head, blind seam head and cloth tape winding head action.The application becomes quasi-three-dimensional structure due to the joining of interlayer stitching or needling, prevents the phenomenon of interlayer cracking after curing, and the overall density of composite material is reduced due to the addition of felt, the glue content is increased, and the heat insulation effect is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of composite material technology, specifically relating to an apparatus for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound preforms and a method for wounding and curing them. Background Technology

[0002] Solid rocket motor nozzles consist of a heat insulation layer and an ablation-resistant liner. The reinforcing materials for the ablation-resistant liner are primarily produced using two methods: carbon fiber tape winding and three-dimensional carbon fiber weaving. Tape winding involves winding pre-impregnated carbon fiber tape onto a mandrel using a winding machine, followed by heat curing. Three-dimensional weaving primarily uses 2.5D circular weaving or a four-step warp knitting technique to form a shallowly interlaced, three-dimensional mesh structure of carbon fiber into a three-dimensional preform, which is then impregnated and cured. Tape winding technology is mature, has a short manufacturing cycle, and low production cost. However, its disadvantages include weak interlayer bonding, and it is susceptible to interlayer separation and large-area carbon fiber detachment during operation due to factors such as resin volume reduction and increased interlayer stress during curing. This is particularly problematic for small solid rocket motors, where large detached tape volumes can clog the throat liner and cause an engine explosion. Three-dimensional weaving is a newer method for manufacturing ablation-resistant liner preforms. Its main advantage is that the 2.5D circular weaving structure not only possesses the inherent non-layering characteristic of three-dimensional weaving but also exhibits high radial thermal resistance, making three-dimensional weaving the optimal type for nozzle liner preforms. However, 3D weaving is inefficient, labor-intensive, time-consuming, produces imprecise weave structures, and has very high manufacturing costs, making it unsuitable for the rapid manufacturing of prefabricated nozzle liners for medium and large solid rocket engines. Especially with the development of high-enthalpy propellants, solid rocket nozzles are experiencing increasingly higher temperatures and more severe erosion. Therefore, finding a 3D prefabricated material that can be produced without layering like 2.5D 3D weaving and with the high efficiency and convenience of tape winding has become a focus of research in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional grouted preforms and a method for grooving and curing them to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] An apparatus for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound preforms includes a bed, a winding power head, a clamping platform, a wound platform, a mandrel, a tape winding head, a blind stitch head, an axial motion mechanism, and a controller. The axial motion mechanism is mounted on the bed, the winding power head is positioned above one side of the bed, and both the clamping platform and the wound platform are mounted on the axial motion mechanism, with the wound platform located between the winding power head and the clamping platform. The mandrel is mounted on the wound platform, and blind stitch heads and tape winding heads are respectively mounted on the wound platforms on both sides of the mandrel. The controller controls the movement of the axial motion mechanism, the winding power head, the blind stitch head, and the tape winding head. The axial motion mechanism includes a first guide rail, a second guide rail, a second lead screw, a first lead screw, a first servo motor, and a second servo motor. The first and second guide rails are arranged parallel to each other on the bed, and the first and second lead screws are arranged parallel to each other on their sides. The ends of the first and second lead screws are respectively connected to the first and second servo motors. The clamping platform and the wound platform are both connected to the first and second lead screws via lead screw nuts. The winding power head includes a spindle servo motor, a chuck, and a left shaft extension. The spindle servo motor is fixed to the machine bed, and its output end is connected to the chuck. The chuck is connected to the mandrel via the left shaft extension. A center seat is provided on the clamping platform, and a center is provided on the center seat. The center is connected to the mandrel via the right shaft extension.

[0006] Furthermore, the tape winding head includes a brake, a tape pulley, a pressure pulley, and a pressure cylinder; the tape pulley and the pressure pulley are arranged in parallel, and the pressure cylinder is connected to the pressure pulley to adjust the clamping degree between the pressure pulley and the mandrel; a tape is placed on the tape pulley, and the tape wraps around the pressure pulley and onto the mandrel; the brake is located on the side of the tape pulley; the surface of the pressure pulley is provided with barbs, which are dagger-shaped double-edged short needles with straight barbs on both sides of the needle tip, and the direction of the barbs is the same as the forward direction of the tape on the pressure pulley.

[0007] Furthermore, an independent needle-punching device is provided next to the tape winding head, specifically including a set of needles 65 and a high-frequency reciprocating driver. The driver is an electromagnet with stable amplitude, a cylinder, or a crank-connecting rod mechanism driven by a high-speed motor. The reciprocating frequency of the driver is adjustable, and it can penetrate the tape winding body 9 to a certain depth at any set angle, inserting some fibers of the outer short fiber felt into the inner tape to form radial cross-linking. In order to balance the force, two sets of needles 65 can be symmetrically arranged relative to the main axis and penetrate and withdraw synchronously.

[0008] Furthermore, the two ends of the core mold 16 are clamping shaft extensions with central holes, and the middle section is a winding section. Several barbs 40 are evenly distributed along the circumference inside the middle section. These barbs 40 are uniformly driven by a radial telescopic mechanism, which can make radial displacement to extend a certain height from the winding surface of the core mold 16 or retract below the winding surface.

[0009] Furthermore, the core mold 16 has a detachable and segmented structure. The winding section of the core mold 16 consists of several segments with fan-shaped cross-sections and densely covered outer surfaces with sharp serrations or needles, as well as a clamping and locking mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the core mold 16 is divided into a main surface and an anti-slip mechanism. The main surface is a thin-walled structure with several through grooves 45. The anti-slip mechanism is a detachable structure. The anti-slip mechanism contains several spikes 40 with contours similar to the main surface. The spikes 40 have snap-fit ​​mortise and tenon mechanisms at both ends. The spike tips 47 of the spikes 40 extend from the through grooves 45 on the main surface of the core mold 16.

[0011] Furthermore, the segmented core mold 16 includes a shaft, winding segment segments, a left baffle 42, and a right baffle 41. Each side of the shaft has a thread, and the right side of the left thread has a shoulder. The outer surface of the winding segment segments is provided with back teeth or needles 65. The left baffle 42 and the right baffle 41 each have several axial slots near their outer circles that correspond to the axial protrusions at both ends of the winding segment segments. The left end of the left baffle 42 abuts against the shoulder, and the right end is locked by a nut. The right end of the right baffle 41 is tightened by a nut. After the left baffle 42 and the right baffle 41 axially clamp the winding segment segments, they form a complete winding segment rotation surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the blind stitch head includes a single-thread single-sided sewing machine or a double-thread single-sided looper sewing machine, and the blind stitch head is connected to the wrapping platform via a pressure cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, when the blind stitch head is a double-thread single-sided looper sewing machine, it includes a looper, a sewing machine head, a bobbin, and a servo motor. The sewing machine head is connected to the looper, and the servo motor is connected to the sewing machine head to control the looper's movement. The stitching thread on one side of the looper is provided by an external large-roll bobbin through a jump bar and a tensioner. The bobbin is a wireless bobbin, and the bobbin thread is provided by an external large-roll bobbin with tension control.

[0014] When the blind stitch head is a single-thread, single-sided sewing machine, it includes a looper, a hook, and a servo motor. The servo motor connects the looper and the hook, and drives the looper to rotate around its center with a limited stroke, while simultaneously driving the hook to move.

[0015] Furthermore, the curved needle includes a needle shaft, a needle handle, a needle nose, a thread groove, a cross arm, and a needle tip. The front end of the needle handle is connected to the needle tip, the rear end of the needle handle is connected to one end of the cross arm, and the other end of the cross arm is connected to the needle shaft. The needle handle is arc-shaped and its center coincides with the axis of the needle shaft. The axis of the needle shaft is perpendicular to the plane where the needle handle is located. The needle nose is on the side of the needle tip. There is a thread groove on each side of the needle handle from the needle nose to the root of the needle handle. The end of the needle shaft is provided with a flat surface.

[0016] Furthermore, the hook 29 is mounted on an end with a helical motion mechanism, which includes a 90° helical rifling sleeve and a slider with short teeth. The front end of the slider is connected to a push rod via a bearing, and the rear end of the slider has a coaxial hook mounting hole and a fastening screw or nut.

[0017] Furthermore, the front section of the hook 29 is a flat and wide hook shape. When the hook 29 is inserted into the loop of the curved needle, its width direction is parallel to the plane of the needle bar; when the hook 29 is inserted out of the loop of the curved needle, its width direction is perpendicular to the plane of the needle bar.

[0018] Furthermore, the lightweight blind stitch head is connected to the wrapping table via a flexible component. The pressure plate has a pusher rack slot, in which two alternately moving pusher racks are installed. The wrapping machine core mold spindle, together with the core mold, is separated from the servo drive and can rotate freely. The pusher rack pushes the workpiece containing the wrapping core mold to rotate in the manner of a traditional sewing machine. During the period from when the curved needle pierces the fabric to when it is pulled out, the blind stitch head is stationary relative to the fabric.

[0019] Furthermore, the fabric tape used is a 2.5D three-dimensional plain weave or knitted high-extensibility fabric tape with a thickness exceeding 1mm. The warp yarns of the fabric tape are high-elastic carbon fiber woven cords, which are woven on the outside of the elastic cords using a braiding machine by weaving multiple bundles of small carbon fiber filaments less than 1k in diameter. The cross-section of the elastic cords is preferably a flat rectangle.

[0020] Furthermore, a method for curing the joint of a tubular quasi-three-dimensional jointed preform includes the following steps:

[0021] Use a tape wrapping head to wrap an anti-ablation layer with carbon fiber tape on the mandrel;

[0022] Use a blind stitch head to perform blind stitching according to the designed spiral angle until the thickness meets the design requirements;

[0023] The heat-insulating layer is wrapped around the core mold using high-silica tape and high-silica felt.

[0024] Use a blind stitch head to blind stitch according to the designed spiral angle until the thickness meets the design requirements, and weave a fabric-wrapped prefabricated body; remove the fabric-wrapped prefabricated body from the core mold;

[0025] The fabric-wrapped prefabricated structure is cured using an impregnation mold.

[0026] Furthermore, the curing process is as follows:

[0027] A vacuum impregnation mold containing an inner mold and an outer mold is constructed. A tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound preform is tightly fitted onto the inner mold, and then the outer mold is fitted onto the preform and pressed tightly against the inner mold. A semi-rigid plastic tube is connected to the glue outlet of a glue storage cylinder with a constant temperature heating function through an impregnation valve. A semi-rigid plastic tube is connected to the vacuum pump's suction connector through a vacuum valve. The mold is heated to reduce the viscosity of the resin, and the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate air. When the vacuum degree inside the mold reaches the specified value, the impregnation valve is opened to inject the resin liquid that has undergone vacuum degassing treatment into the mold. Under the combined action of surface tension with the fibers and the pressure of the glue, the resin impregnates into and fills the space between the fibers of the preform. After the glue liquid fills to the middle position of the polymer pool at the top of the cavity, the impregnation valve and the vacuum valve are closed. The mold is moved into an oven and heated to the resin's curing temperature and kept at that temperature. After the resin is completely cured, it naturally cools to room temperature. The mold fasteners are removed, the inner and outer molds are separated, and the composite material product is removed.

[0028] Furthermore, when the winding power head is winding the fabric tape, the main spindle servo motor rotates continuously; when the winding power head is performing blind stitching, the main spindle servo motor rotates intermittently at the designed step angle, and during each pause, the blind stitch head performs one stitch.

[0029] Furthermore, the suture used is a braided sheathed thread, with its core thread being a bundle of carbon fiber or quartz fiber filaments, and the braided sheath being made of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fiber or aramid or polypropylene fiber.

[0030] Furthermore, during the impregnation process, the dry fabric-wrapped preform along with the impregnated curing core mold is placed vertically with the smaller end at the bottom and the larger end at the top. Several impregnation tubes, roughly aligned with the axis, are evenly distributed around the dry fabric-wrapped preform. These tubes are semi-rigid and have small outlet holes on their sides. An air extraction pipe is installed on the top. The preform and impregnation tubes are then completely enclosed with a vacuum film and vacuum sealing strip. After evacuation, the solvent-free phenolic resin is slowly impregnated while heated. Once the resin level fills the top, the impregnation is stopped, and the preform is removed from the constant temperature chamber and cooled to room temperature. After removing the vacuum film and impregnation tubes, absorbent cotton and a vacuum film are wrapped around the preform. It is then placed in an autoclave, where the air is extracted, and the preform is heated and pressurized outside the vacuum film for curing.

[0031] Furthermore, the impregnation tube adopts a semi-rigid impregnation tube 66 with a T-shaped cross section. The upper part of the T-shaped cross section has a large arc surface, the bottom is a pressure cone 69, and the middle part is an impregnation hole 67. A large number of small impregnation ports 68 are distributed in the extension direction of the side wall of the impregnation hole.

[0032] Furthermore, the insulation layer of the precast body is made of high-silica fiber. At each end of the mandrel 16, a circumferentially arranged, radially barbed wire hanging plate coaxial with the mandrel is installed. Then, a fiber winding machine is used for winding, or the pressure roller 15 of the winding machine is replaced with a guide wire ceramic eye, and a high-silica yarn bobbin is used to lift the belt pulley and lock the cylinder extension length so that the guide wire ceramic eye does not contact the wound body. According to fiber winding theory, the machine's main shaft and winding platform 14 are started, and high-silica yarn is wound between the two hanging plates at a helix angle of ±15° to ±45° to form the insulation layer. After each longitudinal winding, a shallow sew is performed using a blind stitch head 10. The winding and blind stitching are repeated until the thickness meets the design requirements.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0034] This invention, by incorporating interlayer stitching or needle punching, transforms the two-dimensional wound preform into a quasi-three-dimensional structure. This ensures that the fabric strips in the nozzle liner of the rocket engine do not detach in large pieces during operation, and also eliminates the common interlayer cracking phenomenon after curing. Furthermore, the addition of felt reduces the overall density of the composite material and increases the adhesive content, further improving the thermal insulation effect. Compared with three-dimensional weaving technology, this invention achieves essentially the same ablation resistance and thermal insulation performance while significantly reducing manufacturing costs and shortening the production cycle. In addition, because the weaving fineness of the fabric strips is much higher than that of coarse yarn three-dimensional weaving, the ablation surface is much smoother during the ablation process compared to three-dimensional woven preforms. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of a wrapping sewing machine.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of a wrapping sewing machine.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a blind stitch head for a wrapping machine.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the curved needle of a blind stitch head for a wrapping machine.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a barbed core mold for a stitching process.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an impregnation and curing mold for a seam wrapping technique.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a "cloth strip + felt" winding and needle-punching mechanism.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the tape winding head.

[0043] Wherein: 1—Bed, 2—First servo motor, 3—Spindle servo motor, 4—Second servo motor, 5—Chuck, 6—First guide rail, 7—Second lead screw, 8—First lead screw, 9—Winding body, 10—Blind stitch head, 11—Guide rod, 12—Sliding sleeve, 13—Pressure cylinder, 14—Winding platform, 15—Pressure roller, 16—Core mold, 17—Pressure cylinder, 18—Fabric belt, 19—Fabric belt pulley, 20—Brake, 21—Right shaft extension, 22—Second guide rail, 23—Center, 24—Clamping platform, 25—Center seat, 26—Left shaft extension, 27—Pressure foot, 28—Curved needle, 29—Hook needle, 30—Blind stitch head seat, 31— 32 – Guide rod, 33 – Telescopic rod, 34 – Needle eye, 35 – Wire groove, 36 – Needle handle, 38 – Horizontal arm, 39 – Plane, 40 – Needle shaft, 41 – Spike, 42 – Right baffle, 43 – Left baffle, 44 – Screw, 45 – Nut, 50 – Through groove, 51 – Inner mold, 52 – Outer mold, 53 – Air extraction connector, 54 – Glue dipping connector, 55 – Observation window, 56 – Sealing ring I, 57 – Sealing ring II, 58 – Bolt, 59 – Glue guide groove, 60 – Drafting hole, 61 – Needle tip, 62 – Positive spike, 63 – Needle back, 64 – Needle handle, 66 – Glue guide tube, 67 – Glue guide hole, 68 – Glue dipping port, 69 – Pressure cone. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3The winding equipment for tubular quasi-three-dimensional precast bodies consists of a bed 1, a winding power head, a clamping platform 24, a winding platform 14, a mandrel 16, a tape winding head, a blind stitch head 10, and a controller system. The bed 1 is equipped with guide rails and two lead screws parallel to the guide rails, and two servo motors that drive the lead screws to rotate. The two servo motors that drive the lead screws are the winding platform 14 servo motor and the clamping platform 24 servo motor. To reduce costs, the servo motor of the clamping platform 24 can be omitted and replaced with a hand crank. The winding power head is located on the upper part of one side of the bed 1 and includes a spindle servo motor and a chuck 5. The clamping platform 24 is set on the guide rail of the bed 1 and includes a center point 23, a lead screw nut, and a locking device. The winding platform 14 is located between the winding power head and the clamping platform 24. The guide rail of the 14 includes a servo motor, a lead screw nut, and a bearing platform. The tape winding head is installed on one side of the bearing platform of the wrapping platform 14 and includes a constant tension brake 20, a feed roller, a pressure roller 15, and a pressure cylinder 17. The blind stitch head 10 is installed on the other side of the main axis of the bearing platform of the wrapping platform 14 and includes a single-sided bent needle blind stitch head, a servo motor, and a pressing cylinder. The tape winding motion is mainly completed by the main spindle servo motor and the servo motor of the wrapping platform 14 working together. The blind stitching motion is mainly completed by the main spindle servo motor and the servo motor of the wrapping platform 14 working together, i.e., the blind stitch head 10. The main spindle servo motor determines the winding speed, and the servo motor of the wrapping platform 14 determines the feed speed. The ratio between the two determines the pitch of the tape winding. During the operation of the blind stitch head 10, the mandrel 16 is stationary.

[0046] The jointing process for tubular quasi-three-dimensional jointed precast bodies is as follows:

[0047] 1) Use a cloth tape wrapping head to wrap an anti-ablation layer on the core mold 16 using carbon fiber cloth tape;

[0048] 2) Use blind stitch head 10 to perform blind stitching according to the designed spiral angle;

[0049] 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) until the thickness meets the design requirements;

[0050] 4) Wrap the heat-insulating layer on the core mold 16 with high-silica tape and high-silica felt using a tape wrapping head;

[0051] 5) Use blind stitch head 10 to perform blind stitching according to the designed spiral angle;

[0052] 6) Repeat steps 4) and 5) until the thickness meets the design requirements, and a preliminary sewn body is woven;

[0053] 7) Remove the preliminary sewn body from the mandrel 16 and use a sewing machine to perform through-sewing with the designed stitch length and pitch.

[0054] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 8The quasi-three-dimensional prefabricated body wrapping and sewing equipment consists of a bed 1, a winding power head, a clamping platform 24, a wrapping platform 14, a mandrel 16, a tape wrapping head, a blind sewing head 10, and a controller system. The winding power head is fixed at one end of the bed 1 and includes a winding servo motor 3 and a chuck 5. The clamping platform 24 is set on the guide rail of the bed 1 and includes a center point 23, a lead screw nut, and a locking device. The wrapping platform 14 is set on the first guide rail 6 and the second guide rail 22 of the bed 1 between the winding power head and the clamping platform 24 and includes a center point clamping first servo motor 2, a lead screw nut, and a bearing platform installed on the bed. The tape wrapping head is installed on one side of the bearing platform of the wrapping platform 14 and includes a tape pulley 19, a brake 20, a feed pulley, a pressure pulley 15, and a pressure cylinder 1. 7. The axis of the pressure roller 15 is adjustable. The pressure roller 15 is composed of multiple independently rotating barbed wheel pieces. The fabric wrapping head is also equipped with guide ceramic eyes for fiber wrapping. The blind stitch head 10 is installed on the other side of the main axis of the bearing platform of the wrapping platform 14, and includes a single-sided curved needle blind stitch head 10, a servo motor, and a pressing cylinder 13. The fabric wrapping motion is mainly completed by the main spindle servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 4 of the wrapping platform 14 working together. The blind stitching motion is mainly completed by the main spindle servo motor 3, the second servo motor 4 of the wrapping platform 14, and the blind stitch head servo motor working together. The main spindle servo motor 3 determines the wrapping speed, and the second servo motor 4 of the wrapping platform 14 determines the feed speed. The ratio between the two determines the pitch of the fabric wrapping. During the operation of the blind stitch head 10, the mandrel 16 is stationary. During operation, a starting cone ring is first fitted onto one end of the mandrel 16, and then the axis of the pressure roller 15 is adjusted to be parallel to the generatrix of the starting cone ring.Tie the end of the carbon fiber tape 18 tightly to the starting cone ring, and then use the tape wrapping head to obliquely wrap the anti-ablation layer with the carbon fiber tape 18 on the mandrel 16. After the anti-ablation layer carbon fiber tape is wrapped, use the blind stitch head 10 to perform spiral blind stitching on the wrapped body according to the designed helix angle and the designed stitch pitch and pitch. The stitching depth is about 1 / 3 of the radial thickness of the wrapped body. Remove the wrapped body connected to the mandrel after spiral blind stitching from the wrapping machine, and install a fiber supply bar with radially distributed circumferential barbs at each end of the mandrel 16. The fiber-wound hanging plates are then clamped onto the fiber winding platform, and the heat insulation layer is repeatedly wound between the two hanging plates using high-silica yarn at a 45° helical angle; alternatively, the belt wheel 19 of the wrapping machine's belt winding head can be removed and replaced with a high-silica yarn bobbin, the pressure roller 15 can be moved away, and the high-silica yarn on the yarn bobbin can be passed through the guide ceramic eye. At each end of the mandrel 16, a hanging plate with radially distributed barbs is provided for fiber winding. The main shaft and winding platform 14 of the machine are controlled according to fiber winding theory. High-silica yarn is repeatedly wound around the insulation layer between two hanging plates at a 45° helix angle. After the insulation layer thickness meets the requirements, blind stitch head 10 is used to blind stitch the carbon fiber tape of the ablation-resistant layer at the designed helix angle. The wound and sewn preform, together with the mandrel 16, is removed from the winding machine, and the hanging plates at both ends are removed and excess process waste yarn at both ends is trimmed. Several dipped tubes parallel to the axis are evenly distributed on the preform. The dipped tubes are semi-rigid rubber tubes with small holes on the side. The inlet of the tubing is located at one end of the wound body, and the other end is equipped with an extraction pipe. The tubing is then sealed tightly with a vacuum film and vacuum sealing strip, and the extraction port is vertically suspended on a horizontal bar above the oven. After evacuating the preform, solvent-free phenolic resin is slowly immersed at 80°C. This eliminates interference and resistance from air within the preform. The low-viscosity phenolic resin quickly penetrates the preform under the capillary action of the fibers. After the resin level is filled and maintained for a period of time, the immersion is stopped, and the oven is cooled to room temperature. After removing the vacuum film and tubing, absorbent cotton and the vacuum film are wrapped around the preform, which is then placed in an autoclave. Air is extracted from the vacuum film, and pressure and heat are applied to the outside of the vacuum film for curing. During the impregnation process, the impregnation tube has already pre-pressed evenly distributed grooves at certain intervals on the surface of the preform. During curing, as the internal and external pressure difference increases and the temperature gradually rises, these grooves will further deepen and become wrinkles. Since the number and position of the wrinkles have been predetermined, the number and position of the wrinkles in the cured product are fixed. Furthermore, because the number of wrinkles is greater than that formed naturally, the height of each wrinkle is relatively small. The impregnation tube is preferably a semi-rigid impregnation tube 66 with a T-shaped cross-section. The upper part of the T-shaped cross-section has a large arc surface, the bottom is a pressure cone 69, and the middle part is a guide hole 67. The sidewall of the guide hole has a large number of small impregnation nozzles 68 distributed along its extension direction.

[0055] Curing method: A vacuum impregnation mold with inner and outer cavities conforming to design requirements is fabricated. The mold generally consists of an inner mold 50 and an outer mold 51. A vacuum sealing ring is provided at the mating surface of the inner and outer molds. An air extraction pipe connector 52 is provided at the top of the inner or outer mold, and an impregnation pipe connector 53 is provided at the bottom of the inner or outer mold. The tubular quasi-three-dimensional seam-wrapped preform is tightly fitted onto the inner mold, and then the outer mold is fitted onto the preform and pressed tightly against the inner mold. A semi-rigid plastic tube is connected to the glue outlet connector of a glue storage cylinder with constant temperature heating function through an impregnation valve. A semi-rigid plastic tube is connected to the air extraction connector of a vacuum pump through a vacuum valve. The mold is then... Heating reduces the viscosity of the resin. The vacuum pump is then activated to remove air. Once the vacuum level inside the mold reaches the specified value, the impregnation valve is opened to inject the resin liquid, which has undergone vacuum degassing, into the mold. Under the combined action of surface tension with the fibers and the pressure of the resin liquid, the resin quickly penetrates and fills the space between the preform fibers. After the resin liquid fills to the middle of the polymer pool at the top of the cavity, the impregnation valve and the vacuum valve are closed. The mold is then moved into an oven and heated to the resin's curing temperature and kept warm. After the resin is fully cured, it naturally cools to room temperature. The mold fasteners are removed, the inner and outer molds are separated, and the composite material product is removed.

[0056] Furthermore, when the winding power head is winding the fabric tape, the servo motor 3 rotates continuously at a certain speed; when the winding power head is performing blind stitching, its servo motor 3 rotates intermittently at a designed step angle, and during each pause, the blind stitch head 10 performs a stitch.

[0057] Furthermore, the blind stitch head 10 is a double-thread single-sided looper sewing machine, which includes a sewing machine head, a bobbin, and a servo motor. The stitching thread on one side of the looper 28 is provided by an external large spool of thread via a jump bar and a tensioner. The bobbin is a wireless bobbin, and the bobbin thread is provided by an external large spool of thread with tension control.

[0058] Furthermore, the blind sewing head 10 is a single-thread, single-sided sewing machine, comprising a looper 28, a hook 29, and a servo motor. The servo motor drives the looper 28 to rotate around its center with a limited stroke through a mechanical structure, while simultaneously driving the hook 29 to move according to a relevant timing sequence through another mechanical mechanism. The looper 28, with the sewing thread attached, first penetrates the fabric to a certain depth, and after emerging from the loop previously hooked by the hook 29, it immediately rotates in the opposite direction at a small angle and pauses, causing the sewing thread it carries to form a loop next to its needle eye. At this moment, the hook 29 quickly releases the previously hooked sewing thread and immediately inserts into the looper's needle eye 33. The yarn loop next to it is hooked, and then the curved needle 28 moves back in the opposite direction; the curved needle 28 includes a needle shaft 39, a needle handle 35, a needle eye 33, a thread groove 34, a cross arm 36 and a needle tip 6137. The front end of the needle handle 35 is connected to the needle tip 61, and the rear end of the needle handle 35 is connected to a section of the cross arm 36. The needle handle 35 is arc-shaped and its center coincides with the axis of the needle shaft 39. The axis of the needle shaft 39 is perpendicular to the plane where the needle handle 35 is located. The needle eye 33 is next to the needle tip 61. There is a thread groove 34 on each side of the needle handle 35 from the needle eye 33 to near the root of the needle handle 35. One end of the needle shaft 39 has a plane 38 on the needle handle.

[0059] Furthermore, the surfaces of the guide pulley and pressure pulley 15 of the tape winding head both contain barbs 65.

[0060] Furthermore, the needles 65 on the surface of the tape winding head pressure roller 15 contain positive needles 62, which can penetrate some fibers of the short fiber felt into the inner layer of the winding body when piercing the surface of the tape and short fiber felt, forming radial cross-linking.

[0061] Furthermore, an independent needle-punching device is provided next to the tape winding head, specifically including a set of needles 65 and a high-frequency reciprocating driver. The driver is an electromagnet with stable amplitude, a cylinder, or a crank-connecting rod mechanism driven by a high-speed motor. The reciprocating frequency of the driver is adjustable, and it can penetrate the tape winding body 9 to a certain depth at any set angle, inserting some fibers of the outer short fiber felt into the inner tape to form radial cross-linking. In order to balance the force, two sets of needles 65 can be symmetrically arranged relative to the main axis and penetrate and withdraw synchronously.

[0062] Furthermore, the needle 65 is a dagger-shaped double-edged short needle with a shorter needle tip 61. Several outward-curving spurs 62 are provided on the blades on both sides of the needle tip 61. The blade direction of the needle 65 on the pressure roller 15 is the same as the forward direction of the fabric belt on the pressure roller 15.

[0063] Furthermore, the two ends of the core mold 16 are clamping shaft extensions with central holes, and the middle section is a winding section. Several barbs 40 are evenly distributed along the circumference inside the middle section. These barbs 40 are uniformly driven by a radial telescopic mechanism, which can make radial displacement to extend a certain height from the winding surface of the core mold 16 or retract below the winding surface.

[0064] Furthermore, the core mold 16 has a detachable and segmented structure. The winding section of the core mold 16 consists of several segments with fan-shaped cross-sections and densely covered outer surfaces with sharp serrations or needles, as well as a clamping and locking mechanism.

[0065] Furthermore, the core mold 16 is divided into a main surface and an anti-slip mechanism. The main surface is a thin-walled structure with several through grooves 45. The anti-slip mechanism is a detachable structure. The anti-slip mechanism contains several spikes 40 with contours similar to the main surface. The spikes 40 have snap-fit ​​mortise and tenon mechanisms at both ends. The spike tips 47 of the spikes 40 extend from the through grooves 45 on the main surface of the core mold 16.

[0066] Furthermore, the segmented core mold 16 includes a shaft, winding segment segments, a left baffle 42, and a right baffle 41. Each side of the shaft has a thread, and the right side of the left thread has a shoulder. The outer surface of the winding segment segments is provided with back teeth or needles 65. The left baffle 42 and the right baffle 41 each have several axial slots near their outer circles that correspond to the axial protrusions at both ends of the winding segment segments. The left end of the left baffle 42 abuts against the shoulder, and the right end is locked by a nut. The right end of the right baffle 41 is tightened by a nut. After the left baffle 42 and the right baffle 41 axially clamp the winding segment segments, they form a complete winding segment rotation surface.

[0067] Furthermore, the suture used is a braided sheathed thread, with its core thread being a bundle of carbon fiber or quartz fiber filaments, and the braided sheath being made of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fiber or aramid or polypropylene fiber.

[0068] Furthermore, in the impregnation method, the dry fabric-wrapped preform 9, together with the impregnated curing core mold, is placed vertically with the smaller end at the bottom and the larger end at the top. Several impregnation tubes, roughly aligned with the axis, are evenly distributed around the dry fabric-wrapped preform 9. The impregnation tubes are semi-rigid rubber tubes with small glue outlet holes on their sides, and the inlet of the impregnation tube is located on the lower side. An air extraction tube is set on the upper side. Then, the preform and the impregnation tubes are tightly wrapped with a vacuum film and a vacuum sealing strip. After vacuuming, the solvent-free phenolic resin is slowly impregnated under heating. After the glue level fills the top, the impregnation is stopped and the preform is removed from the constant temperature chamber and cooled to room temperature. After removing the vacuum film and the impregnation tubes, the preform is wrapped with absorbent cotton and a vacuum film, placed in a pressure vessel, and the air is extracted. The preform is then heated and pressurized outside the vacuum film for curing.

[0069] Furthermore, the impregnation tube adopts a semi-rigid impregnation tube 66 with a T-shaped cross section. The upper part of the T-shaped cross section has a large arc surface, the bottom is a pressure cone 69, and the middle part is an impregnation hole 67. A large number of small impregnation ports 68 are distributed in the extension direction of the side wall of the impregnation hole.

[0070] Furthermore, the insulation layer of the precast body is made of high-silica fiber. At each end of the mandrel 16, a circumferentially arranged, radially barbed wire hanging plate coaxial with the mandrel is installed. Then, a fiber winding machine is used for winding, or the pressure roller 15 of the winding machine is replaced with a guide wire ceramic eye, and a high-silica yarn bobbin is used to lift the belt pulley and lock the cylinder extension length so that the guide wire ceramic eye does not contact the wound body. According to fiber winding theory, the machine's main shaft and winding platform 14 are started, and high-silica yarn is wound between the two hanging plates at a helix angle of ±15° to ±45° to form the insulation layer. After each longitudinal winding, a shallow sew is performed using a blind stitch head 10. The winding and blind stitching are repeated until the thickness meets the design requirements.

[0071] Furthermore, all servo motors include an electromagnetic brake 20 and an encoder.

[0072] Example:

[0073] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 7 A quasi-three-dimensional preform winding and piercing device comprises a bed 1, a winding power head, a clamping platform 24, a winding platform 14, a mandrel 16, a tape winding head, a needle punching device, and a controller system. The winding power head is fixed at one end of the bed 1 and includes a spindle servo motor 3 and a chuck 5. The clamping platform 24 is mounted on the guide rail of the bed 1 and includes a center point 23, a lead screw nut, and a locking device. A second lead screw 8 and a first servo motor 2, which control the movement of the clamping platform 24, are mounted on the bed. The winding platform is mounted on the guide rail of the bed 1 between the winding power head and the clamping platform 24 and includes a servo motor, a lead screw nut, and a bearing. The platform includes a first lead screw 7 and a second servo motor 4 that control the movement of the stitching platform 24, mounted on the bed. A fabric wrapping head is installed on one side of the platform, including a constant tension brake 20, a feed roller, a pressure roller 15, and a pressure cylinder 17. The fabric used for wrapping is a high-silica fabric with a layer of high-silica short fiber felt underneath. The needle-punching device specifically includes a set of needles 65 and a high-frequency reciprocating driver. The front end of the needle 65 has a positive needle 62. The driver is an amplitude-stable electromagnet, a starting cylinder, or a crank-connecting rod mechanism driven by a high-speed motor. The driver's direction of motion and reciprocating frequency are adjustable. It can penetrate the fabric wrapping body to a certain depth at any set angle, radially inserting some fibers of the outer short fiber felt into the inner fabric to form cross-links. To balance the force on the main shaft during needle punching, two sets of needles 65 can be symmetrically arranged relative to the main axis, and they can be inserted and withdrawn synchronously.

[0074] Example:

[0075] Please see Figure 5A barbed core mold 16 for quasi-three-dimensional expansion segment winding preform adopts a segment structure, including a shaft, winding segment segments, left baffle 42 and right baffle 41. There is a thread on each side of the shaft and a shoulder on the right side of the left thread. The outer surface of the winding segment segment is provided with back teeth or barbs 65. There are several axial slots near the outer circle of the left baffle 42 and the right baffle 41, which correspond to the axial protrusions at both ends of the winding segment segment. The left end of the left baffle 42 abuts against the shoulder and the right end is locked by a nut. The right end of the right baffle 41 is tightened by a nut. The left baffle 42 and the right baffle 41 clamp the winding segment segment axially to form a complete winding segment rotation surface.

[0076] Seam wrapping process steps:

[0077] 1) First, use nuts to assemble the core mold 16 segments with the left baffle 42, right baffle 41 and shaft to form a complete core mold 16 and clamp it onto the wrapping machine;

[0078] 2) Use a cloth tape wrapping head to wrap the anti-ablation layer from the small end of the core mold 16 with carbon fiber cloth tape. Since the outer surface of the core mold 16 winding segment has barbs or needles 65, the wrapped cloth tape will not slip.

[0079] 2) Use blind stitch head 10 to perform blind stitching according to the designed spiral angle;

[0080] 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) until the thickness meets the design requirements;

[0081] 4) Wrap the heat-insulating layer on the core mold 16 with high-silica tape and high-silica felt using a tape wrapping head;

[0082] 5) Use blind stitch head 10 to perform blind stitching according to the designed spiral angle;

[0083] 6) Repeat steps 4) and 5) until the thickness meets the design requirements, and a preliminary suture is obtained;

[0084] 7) Loosen the nuts on the core mold 16, separate the left baffle 42 and right baffle 41 from the core mold 16 pieces, and separate all the core mold 16 pieces from the initial stitched body by pressing them inward.

[0085] 8) After removing the initial sewn body from the core mold 16, use a sewing machine to perform through-sewing with the designed stitch length and pitch.

[0086] Example: A method for grouting a quasi-three-dimensional prefabricated solid rocket nozzle ablation resistant layer.

[0087] The quasi-three-dimensional prefabricated body wrapping and sewing equipment consists of a bed 1, a winding power head, a clamping platform 24, a sewing platform 14, a mandrel 16, a tape wrapping head, a blind sewing head 10, and a controller system. The winding power head is fixed at one end of the bed 1 and includes a servo motor 3 and a chuck 5. The clamping platform 24 is mounted on the guide rail of the bed 1 and includes a center point 23, a lead screw nut, and a locking device. A lead screw 6 and a first servo motor 2 that drive the clamping platform 24 are mounted on the bed. The sewing platform 14 is positioned on the guide rail of the bed 1 between the winding power head and the clamping platform 24 and includes a second servo motor 4, a lead screw nut, and a support platform. The tape wrapping head is mounted on one side of the support platform of the sewing platform 14 and includes a constant tension brake 2. 0. The belt feed roller, pressure roller 15, and pressure cylinder 17 are included. The axis of the pressure roller 15 is adjustable, and it consists of multiple independently rotating barbed wheel pieces. The blind stitch head 10 is installed on the other side of the main axis of the bearing platform of the wrapping platform 14, and includes a single-sided bent-needle blind stitch head 10, a servo motor, and a pressure cylinder. The tape winding motion is mainly completed by the main spindle servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 4 of the wrapping platform 14. The blind stitching motion is mainly completed by the main spindle servo motor 3 and the second servo motor 4 of the wrapping platform 14, i.e., the blind stitch head 10. The main spindle servo motor 3 determines the winding speed, and the second servo motor 4 of the wrapping platform 14 determines the feed speed. The ratio between the two determines the tape winding pitch. During the operation of the blind stitch head 10, the mandrel 16 is stationary. First, a starting cone ring is fitted onto one end of the mandrel 16, and then the axis of the pressure roller 15 is adjusted to be parallel to the nearest cone generatrix. Wrapping process steps:

[0088] 1) First, use nuts to assemble the core mold 16 segments with the left baffle 42, right baffle 41 and shaft to form a complete core mold 16 and clamp it onto the wrapping machine;

[0089] 2) Use a cloth tape wrapping head to wrap the anti-ablation layer from the small end of the core mold 16 with carbon fiber cloth tape. Since the outer surface of the core mold 16 winding segment has barbs or needles 65, the wrapped cloth tape will not slip.

[0090] 2) Use blind stitch head 10 to perform blind stitching according to the designed spiral angle;

[0091] 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) until the thickness meets the design requirements;

[0092] 4) Wrap the head with a cloth tape and then wrap it flat with carbon fiber felt or high silica felt for several millimeters on the core mold 16. Then wrap it with high silica cloth tape for 1 mm until the thickness of the ablation-resistant layer is reached.

[0093] 5) Using blind stitch head 10, blind stitch or through stitch the outer edge of the obliquely wrapped carbon fiber tape, carbon fiber felt (or high silica felt) and high silica tape at the designed spiral angle.

[0094] Example:

[0095] The manual wrapping process begins by creating a barbed core mold 16. Several through grooves 45 are evenly cut axially on the surface of the hollow core mold 16. An equal number of barbs 40 are then made, with the barb seat contour matching the generatrix of the core mold 16's outer surface. The barb seat is densely covered with small holes, into which are inserted barbs 65 extending approximately 2mm (or sharp serrations can be made directly on the outside of the barb seat). A quick-release barb clamping mechanism is then created inside the core mold 16 to temporarily fix the barbs 40 in the through grooves 45. The core mold 16 is then mounted on a rotating shaft equipped with a wrapping machine. The wrapping pitch of the fabric tape is manually controlled. After one layer of fabric tape is wrapped, it is manually sewn using a curved needle. Because carbon fiber and quartz fiber yarns are very prone to fuzzing and breakage, the stitching thread used should be a specially made braided sheath thread. This involves using carbon fiber or quartz fiber filament bundles as the core thread, and weaving a sheath around the fine thread using a braiding machine. The sheath material can be made of high-strength, fold-resistant, and abrasion-resistant fibers such as ultra-high modulus polyethylene, aramid, or polypropylene. For example, an abrasion-resistant and tensile-resistant sheath can be woven from eight 50D ultra-high modulus polyethylene fiber bundles around a 500tex carbon fiber or quartz fiber filament bundle. The high-temperature decomposition products of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fiber are carbon and hydrogen, with no other harmful products to the matrix resin. After several blind stitches on the wound body, it can be removed from the mandrel 16, and then a through-stitch can be performed using an electric sewing machine designed for sewing heavy leather, with a specific stitch length and pitch.

[0096] Example: A method for curing composite materials using tubular quasi-three-dimensional grouting preforms.

[0097] See Figure 6The method for curing composite materials of tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound preforms is as follows: A vacuum impregnation mold is fabricated to meet the design requirements of the inner and outer cavities. The mold generally consists of an inner mold 50 and an outer mold 51. Vacuum sealing rings 55 and 56 are provided on the mating surfaces of the inner mold 50 and outer mold 51. An air extraction pipe connector 52 is provided at the top of the outer mold 51, and an impregnation pipe connector 53 is provided at the bottom. Below the impregnation pipe connector 53, the surface of the inner mold 50 has an annular guide groove 58, which has several impregnation grooves 59 connecting the cavities. The tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound preform 9 is tightly fitted onto the inner mold 50. Then, the outer mold 51 is fitted over the preform 9 and pressed tightly, and bolts 57 are used to secure it to the inner mold 50. Semi-rigid plastic is used. The impregnation tube connector 53 is connected to the glue outlet connector of the glue storage cylinder with constant temperature heating function through the impregnation valve; the vacuum tube connector 52 is connected to the vacuum pump's vacuum connector through the vacuum valve using a semi-rigid plastic tube; the mold is heated to the resin softening temperature, and the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the air. When the vacuum degree in the mold reaches the specified value, the impregnation valve can be opened to inject the resin liquid that has undergone vacuum degassing into the mold. Under the vacuum environment, the capillary phenomenon will be more obvious, and the resin will quickly penetrate into the space between the preform fibers and fill it under the dual action of the surface tension of the fibers and the pressure of the glue; after the glue liquid fills to the middle position of the polymer pool at the top of the cavity, the impregnation valve and the vacuum valve are closed. First, disconnect the impregnation tube from the impregnation tube connector 53 and seal the impregnation tube connector 53 with a plug. Then, disconnect the evacuation tube from the evacuation tube connector 52 and expose the evacuation tube opening to the atmosphere. According to the specific resin curing parameters, move the mold into the oven and heat it to the resin curing temperature and keep it warm. After the resin is completely cured, let it cool to room temperature naturally. Remove the mold fasteners, support the outer mold 51 with an annular support with an inner diameter slightly larger than the bottom circle of the inner mold 50, and then use a press to insert the press head into the demolding pressure hole 60 at the top center of the outer mold 51 to apply pressure to the inner mold to separate the inner and outer molds. Remove the composite material product and cut off the excess part with a machine tool according to the drawings.

[0098] Example:

[0099] A method for winding, needle punching, and stitching a quasi-three-dimensional prefabricated solid rocket nozzle ablation-resistant layer. The equipment consists of a bed 1, a winding power head, a clamping platform 24, a stitching platform 14, a mandrel 16, a tape winding head, a blind stitching head 10, and a controller system. The winding power head is fixed at one end of the bed 1 and includes a servo motor and a chuck 5. The clamping platform 24 is mounted on the guide rail of the bed 1 and includes a center point 23, a lead screw nut, and a locking device. The stitching platform 14 is mounted on the guide rail of the bed 1 between the winding power head and the clamping platform 24 and includes a servo motor, a lead screw nut, and a bearing platform. The tape winding... The wrapping head is installed on one side of the bearing platform of the wrapping platform 14 and includes a constant tension brake 20, a feed roller and a pressure roller 1515, and a pressure cylinder 17. The axis of the pressure roller 1515 is adjustable. The pressure roller 1515 is composed of multiple independently rotating barbed wheel pieces, each containing a certain number of barbs 65. The barbs 65 are roughly dagger-shaped double-edged short steel needles with a blade thickness of 0.4 mm and a width of 1.5 mm. The needle tip 61 is relatively short, and several outward-curving spikes 62 are provided on both sides of the blade of the needle tip 61. The blade direction of the barbs 65 on the pressure roller 15 is the same as the forward direction of the fabric on the pressure roller 15, and the extension length of the barbs 65 from the surface of the pressure roller 15 is about 4 mm. The anti-ablation layer material is a 0.3 mm thick T700-3k carbon fiber fabric tape with a 3 mm thick carbon fiber short fiber felt (compacted thickness 0.8 mm). First, use a pressure roller 15 without needles 65 to wrap a layer in a 3 / 4 overlap manner to obtain a wrapped layer of approximately 3mm thickness. Then, replace the pressure roller 15 with needles 65 and wrap it back and forth in a 1 / 2 overlap manner until the thickness meets the design requirements. Next, use high-silica fabric tape and high-silica felt to wrap the insulation layer back and forth until the thickness meets the design requirements. Cut and remove the needle-punched wrapped layer, and finally sew it through with a sewing machine and carbon fiber thread. To obtain better needle-punching effect, pressure rollers 15 with needles 65 of different extension lengths can be configured.

[0100] Example 9:

[0101] A method for weaving a special 2.5D tape for winding quasi-three-dimensional prefabricated ablation-resistant layers in solid rocket nozzles. A 6-spindle high-speed weaving machine is used, employing T300-500 carbon fiber woven around a 0.4mm diameter TUP elastic yarn to form a highly elastic special yarn. On a 2.5D rectangular cross-section three-dimensional weaving machine, this high-elasticity special yarn (96) is divided into 4 groups as warp yarns, and T700-12k carbon fiber is used as weft yarns to produce a 2.5D three-layer woven warp-oriented highly elastic special winding tape with a single-layer warp density of 3 threads / cm, a single-layer weft density of 8 threads / cm, a width of 80mm, and a thickness of approximately 2.5mm. Using this tape solves two significant drawbacks of ordinary two-dimensional woven carbon fiber tape as a material for wrapping and sewing processes: firstly, the inner layer is difficult to sew during blind stitching due to the thinness of the fabric; secondly, the tape has poor elasticity and very low elongation, making it unable to meet the large difference in elongation between the two sides of the tape during oblique wrapping.

[0102] The above description is merely the most typical embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The data listed, including those in the accompanying drawings, are only for describing the working principle of the present invention and do not represent essential values. In practice, a single embodiment can be implemented, or different methods from multiple embodiments can be combined as needed. Any equivalent changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art of composite materials within the scope of the technology disclosed in this invention should be included within the scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for making a tubular quasi-three-dimensional braided preform, characterized in that, The device includes a bed (1), a winding power head, a clamping platform (24), a seam wrapping platform (14), a mandrel (16), a fabric wrapping head, a blind seam head (10), an axial motion mechanism, and a controller. The axial motion mechanism is mounted on the bed (1), the winding power head is mounted above one side of the bed (1), the clamping platform (24) and the seam wrapping platform (14) are both mounted on the axial motion mechanism, and the seam wrapping platform (14) is located between the winding power head and the clamping platform (24). The mandrel (16) is mounted on the seam wrapping platform (14), and the blind seam head (10) and the fabric wrapping head are respectively mounted on the seam wrapping platforms (14) on both sides of the mandrel (16). The controller is used to control the movement of the axial motion mechanism, the winding power head, the blind seam head (10), and the fabric wrapping head. The tape winding head includes a brake (20), a tape pulley (19), a pressure pulley (15), and a pressure cylinder (17); the tape pulley (19) and the pressure pulley (15) are arranged in parallel, and the pressure cylinder (17) is connected to the pressure pulley (15) to adjust the pressure of the pressure pulley (15) and the mandrel (16); a tape (18) is provided on the tape pulley (19), and the tape (18) wraps around the pressure pulley (15) and is wound on the mandrel (16); the brake (20) is located on the side of the tape pulley (19); the surface of the pressure pulley (15) is provided with a barbed needle (65), which is a dagger-shaped double-edged short needle with a front barbed needle (62) on both sides of the needle tip, and the direction of the blade of the barbed needle (65) is the same as the forward direction of the tape on the pressure pulley (15); The tape winding head is equipped with an independent needle-punching device, which includes a set of needles (65) and a high-frequency reciprocating driver. The driver is an electromagnet with stable amplitude, a cylinder, or a crank-connecting rod mechanism driven by a high-speed motor. The driver punctures the tape winding body (9) at any set angle, puncturing some of the fibers of the outer short fiber felt into the inner tape to form radial cross-linking.

2. An apparatus for making a tubular quasi-three-dimensional braided preform according to claim 1, wherein The axial motion mechanism includes a first guide rail (6), a second guide rail (22), a second lead screw (8), a first lead screw (7), a first servo motor (2), and a second servo motor (4). The first guide rail (6) and the second guide rail (22) are arranged parallel to each other on the bed (1). The first lead screw (7) and the second lead screw (8) are arranged parallel to each other on the sides of the first guide rail (6) and the second lead screw (8). The ends of the first lead screw (7) and the second lead screw (8) are connected to the first servo motor (2) and the second servo motor (4), respectively.

3. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional entangled precast bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping platform (24) and the seam wrapping platform (14) are both connected to the first lead screw (7) and the second lead screw (8) via lead screw nuts.

4. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound precast bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The winding power head includes a spindle servo motor (3), a chuck (5) and a left shaft extension (26); the spindle servo motor (3) is fixed on the bed (1), the output end of the spindle servo motor (3) is connected to the chuck (5), and the chuck (5) is connected to the mandrel (16) through the left shaft extension (26).

5. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional entangled precast bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, A center seat (25) is provided on the clamping platform (24), and a center (23) is provided on the center seat (25). The center (23) is connected to the core mold (16) through the right shaft extension (21).

6. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound precast bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the core mold (16) are clamping shaft extensions with central holes, and the middle section is a winding section. Several barbs (40) are evenly distributed along the circumference inside the middle section. The barbs (40) are uniformly driven by a radial telescopic mechanism to make radial displacement, extending a certain height from the winding surface of the core mold (16) or retracting below the winding surface.

7. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound precast bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that, The core mold (16) is a detachable and modular structure. The winding section of the core mold (16) is composed of several fan-shaped sections with sharp serrations or barbs on the outer surface and a clamping and locking mechanism. The core mold (16) is divided into a main surface and an anti-slip mechanism. The main surface is a thin-walled structure with several through grooves (45). The anti-slip mechanism is a detachable structure. The anti-slip mechanism contains several barbs (40) with contours similar to the main surface. The barbs (40) have mortise and tenon mechanisms at both ends. The barb tips (47) of the barbs (40) extend from the through grooves (45) on the main surface of the core mold (16).

8. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional entangled precast bodies according to claim 7, characterized in that, The spliced ​​core mold (16) includes a shaft, a winding segment splice, a left baffle (42), and a right baffle (41). There is a thread on each side of the shaft and a shoulder on the right side of the left thread. The outer surface of the winding segment splice is provided with back teeth or needles (65). There are several axial slots near the outer circle of the left baffle (42) and the right baffle (41) that correspond to the axial protrusions at both ends of the winding segment splice. The left end of the left baffle (42) abuts against the shoulder and the right end is locked by a nut. The right end of the right baffle (41) is tightened by a nut. The left baffle (42) and the right baffle (41) clamp the winding segment splice axially to form a complete winding segment rotation surface.

9. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional entangled precast bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blind stitch head (10) includes a single-thread single-sided sewing machine or a double-thread single-sided looper sewing machine. The blind stitch head (10) is connected to the wrapping platform (14) via a pressing cylinder (13).

10. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound precast bodies according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the blind sewing head (10) is a double-thread single-sided looper sewing machine, it includes a looper (28), a sewing machine head, a bobbin, and a servo motor. The sewing machine head is connected to the looper (28), and the servo motor is connected to the sewing machine head to control the movement of the looper (28). The sewing thread on one side of the looper (28) is provided by an external large-roll bobbin through a jump bar and a tensioner. The bobbin is a wireless bobbin, and the bottom thread is provided by an external large-roll bobbin with tension control. When the blind sewing head (10) is a single-thread single-sided sewing machine, it includes a looper (28) and a hook (29) and a servo motor. The servo motor connects the looper (28) and the hook (29). The servo motor drives the looper (28) to rotate around its center with a limited stroke, and at the same time drives the hook (29) to move.

11. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional entangled precast bodies according to claim 10, characterized in that, The curved needle (28) includes a needle shaft (39), a needle handle (35), a needle nose (33), a thread groove (34), a cross arm (36), and a needle tip (61). The front end of the needle handle (35) is connected to the needle tip (61), the rear end of the needle handle (35) is connected to one end of the cross arm (36), and the other end of the cross arm (36) is connected to the needle shaft (39). The needle handle (35) is arc-shaped and its center coincides with the axis of the needle shaft (39). The axis of the needle shaft (39) is perpendicular to the plane where the needle handle (35) is located. The needle nose (33) is on the side of the needle tip (61). There is a thread groove (34) on each side of the needle handle (35) from the needle nose (33) to the root of the needle handle (35). The end of the needle shaft (39) is provided with a flat surface (38).

12. The equipment for manufacturing tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound precast bodies according to claim 11, characterized in that, The hook (29) is installed at the end with a spiral motion mechanism, which includes a 90° spiral rifling sleeve and a slider with short teeth. The front end of the slider is connected to the push rod through a bearing, and the rear end of the slider has a coaxial hook mounting hole and a fastening screw or nut. The front section of the hook (29) is a flat and wide hook shape. When the hook (29) pierces the loop of the bent needle, its width direction is parallel to the plane of the needle bar. When the bent needle pierces out of the fabric tape, its width direction is perpendicular to the plane of the needle bar. The fabric tape used is a 2.5D three-dimensional plain weave or knitted high-extensibility fabric tape with a thickness of more than 1 mm. The warp yarn of the fabric tape is a high-elasticity carbon fiber woven fine rope, which is woven by using a braiding machine to weave multiple bundles of small carbon fiber filaments less than 1 kJ outside the elastic line. The cross section of the elastic line is a flat rectangle.

13. A method for curing the jointing of a tubular quasi-three-dimensional jointed precast body, characterized in that, An apparatus for manufacturing a tubular quasi-three-dimensional grouted precast body according to any one of claims 1 to 12 includes the following steps: Use a cloth tape wrapping head to wrap an anti-ablation layer on the core mold (16); Use the blind stitch head (10) to perform blind stitching according to the designed spiral angle until the thickness meets the design requirements; The heat insulation layer is wrapped around the core mold (16) using high-silica cloth tape and high-silica felt. Use the blind stitch head (10) to blind stitch according to the designed spiral angle until the thickness meets the design requirements, and weave the fabric-wrapped preform; remove the fabric-wrapped preform from the core mold (16); The fabric-wrapped prefabricated structure is cured using an impregnation mold.

14. The method for curing the joint of a tubular quasi-three-dimensional jointed preform according to claim 13, characterized in that, The curing process is as follows: A vacuum impregnation mold containing an inner mold and an outer mold is constructed. A tubular quasi-three-dimensional wound preform is tightly fitted onto the inner mold, and then the outer mold is fitted onto the preform and pressed tightly against the inner mold. A semi-rigid plastic tube is connected to the glue outlet of a glue storage cylinder with a constant temperature heating function through an impregnation valve. A semi-rigid plastic tube is connected to the vacuum pump's suction connector through a vacuum valve. The mold is heated to reduce the viscosity of the resin, and the vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate air. When the vacuum degree inside the mold reaches the specified value, the impregnation valve is opened to inject the resin liquid that has undergone vacuum degassing treatment into the mold. Under the combined action of surface tension with the fibers and the pressure of the glue, the resin impregnates into and fills the space between the fibers of the preform. After the glue liquid fills to the middle position of the polymer pool at the top of the cavity, the impregnation valve and the vacuum valve are closed. The mold is moved into an oven and heated to the resin's curing temperature and kept at that temperature. After the resin is completely cured, it naturally cools to room temperature. The mold fasteners are removed, the inner and outer molds are separated, and the composite material product is removed.

15. The method for curing the joint of a tubular quasi-three-dimensional jointed preform according to claim 14, characterized in that, When the winding power head is winding the fabric tape, the main spindle servo motor (3) rotates continuously; when the winding power head is blind sewing, the main spindle servo motor (3) rotates intermittently at the designed step angle, and during each pause, the blind sewing head (10) performs one stitch; the sewing thread is a braided sheath thread, the core of which is a bundle of carbon fiber or quartz fiber filaments, and the braided sheath is made of ultra-high modulus polyethylene fiber or aramid, polypropylene fiber.

16. The method for curing the jointing of a tubular quasi-three-dimensional jointed preform according to claim 14, characterized in that, During impregnation, the dry cloth-wrapped preform and the impregnated curing core mold are placed vertically with the smaller end at the bottom and the larger end at the top. Several impregnation tubes with roughly the same axis are evenly distributed on the dry cloth-wrapped preform. The impregnation tubes are semi-rigid tubes with small glue outlet holes on the side. An air extraction tube is set on the upper side. Then, the preform and impregnation tubes are wrapped tightly with a vacuum film and vacuum sealing strip. After vacuuming, the solvent-free phenolic resin is slowly impregnated under heating. After the glue liquid fills the top, the impregnation is stopped and the preform is taken out of the constant temperature chamber and cooled to room temperature. After removing the vacuum film and impregnation tubes, the glue-absorbing cotton and vacuum film are wrapped and placed in a pressure vessel. The preform is then evacuated and heated and pressurized outside the vacuum film for curing. The impregnation tube is a semi-rigid glue guide tube with a T-shaped cross section (66). The upper part of the T-shaped cross section is a large arc surface, the bottom is a pressure cone (69), and the middle part is a glue guide hole (67). A large number of small glue outlets (68) are distributed in the extension direction of the side wall of the glue guide hole.

17. The method for curing the joint of a tubular quasi-three-dimensional jointed preform according to claim 13, characterized in that, The heat insulation layer of the precast body is made of high silica fiber winding; a circumferentially full radial hanging barb coaxial with the core mold is set at each end of the core mold (16), and then the fiber winding machine is used for winding, or the pressure roller (15) of the winding machine is replaced with the guide wire ceramic eye, the cloth belt roller is replaced with the high silica yarn bobbin and the extension length of the cylinder is locked so that the guide wire ceramic eye does not contact the winding body. According to the fiber winding theory, the main shaft of the machine and the winding platform (14) are started to wind the heat insulation layer between the two hanging wire plates with high silica yarn at a spiral angle of ±15° to ±45°. After each longitudinal winding, a shallow sewing is performed with a blind sewing head (10). The winding and blind sewing are repeated until the thickness meets the design requirements.

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