Preparation method of microbial agent and organic fertilizer

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method of a microbial agent and an organic fertilizer, and the microbial agent is used for fermentation of kitchen waste, and the microbial agent comprises high-temperature microbial agents and normal-temperature microbial agents; the high-temperature microbial agents comprise Bacillus stearothermophilus fermentation liquor, Thermus thermophilus (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation liquor and Thermus islandicus (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation liquor; and the normal-temperature microbial agents comprise Halomonas fermentation liquor, Halobacterium fermentation liquor, Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor and Bacillus licheniformis fermentation liquor. In the fermentation treatment of the kitchen waste, the normal-temperature microbial agents in the microbial agent can be used for pre-fermentation, the high-temperature fermentation time is longer, the high-temperature microbial agents in the microbial agent can make the high-temperature fermentation of the kitchen waste last for a long time, and the heat supply demand in the fermentation process is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of food waste treatment technology, and in particular to a method for preparing microbial agents and organic fertilizers. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of economic development and urbanization, the amount of urban domestic waste is increasing year by year, among which food waste accounts for an increasingly higher proportion, ranging from 37% to 62%. Food waste refers to leftover food, vegetable roots and leaves, fruit peels and cores, discarded animal tissues, and waste cooking oil generated by households, schools, government canteens, and the catering industry. The main components of food waste include organic matter such as protein, starch, dietary fiber, and animal fat. It is characterized by high water content, high organic matter content, high oil content, and high salt content, making it extremely prone to rotting and fermentation, breeding harmful microorganisms and flies, and emitting foul odors, seriously polluting water bodies and the atmosphere. Furthermore, food waste is rich in nutrients and has high recycling value. Therefore, adopting scientific and reasonable methods to treat food waste and achieve its harmless and resource-based utilization is not only beneficial to protecting human health but also reduces environmental pollution caused by food waste, yielding significant social and environmental benefits.

[0003] Commonly used technologies for treating food waste can be divided into two main categories: non-biological treatment and biological treatment. Non-biological treatment technologies mainly include sanitary landfill and incineration, while biological treatment technologies mainly include aerobic composting and anaerobic fermentation. Landfilling was a common method for treating food waste in the past. Collected food waste was filled into large pits or landfills, with impermeable materials installed at the contact points between the waste and the ground, drainage pipes laid at the bottom, and an internal aeration system. Utilizing the principle of anaerobic fermentation by microorganisms, the organic matter in the food waste was slowly converted into inorganic matter, thus achieving the goal of harmlessness. The advantages of landfilling include simple equipment, easy operation, and low technical requirements. Disadvantages include large land area requirements, easy groundwater pollution from leachate, and potential secondary pollution. Considering the high moisture content and low calorific value of food waste, incineration is not suitable for direct treatment. Furthermore, incineration has high operating costs and technical requirements, and it easily produces toxic and harmful gases that pollute the environment and human health. Anaerobic digestion of food waste refers to the process of decomposing complex organic matter into smaller organic and inorganic molecules under anaerobic conditions using the metabolic action of facultative anaerobic microorganisms. This process reduces the volume of food waste and enables its resource utilization. Currently, there is considerable research on anaerobic fermentation of food waste to produce methane, which is mainly suitable for large-scale treatment. Aerobic composting of food waste utilizes aerobic microorganisms to biodegrade nutrients and organic matter, forming stable, highly fertile humus. The composting products can be used as organic fertilizer, thus achieving the harmlessness and resource utilization of food waste. Aerobic composting technology is relatively mature, simple, and widely used. However, the high oil and salt content of kitchen waste inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, the unbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio and poor air permeability of kitchen waste affect the biotransformation process of microorganisms, thereby prolonging the aerobic fermentation cycle of kitchen waste and ultimately making it difficult to guarantee the quality of compost products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a method for preparing microbial agents and organic fertilizers, aiming to provide a microbial agent that can improve the aerobic fermentation efficiency of kitchen waste and a method for preparing organic fertilizers that use kitchen waste as raw material, have high fermentation efficiency in the preparation process, and produce high-quality organic compost.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a microbial agent for the fermentation of kitchen waste. The microbial agent includes a thermophilic agent and a room-temperature agent. The thermophilic agent includes fermentation broths of *Bacillus stearothermophilus*, *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951), and *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677). The room-temperature agent includes fermentation broths of *Halophilus*, *Halophilus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0006] Optionally, the volume fractions of each component in the high-temperature bacterial agent are: 8-10 parts of *Bacillus thermophilus* fermentation broth, 5-10 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation broth, and 8-12 parts of *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation broth; and / or,

[0007] The volume fractions of each component in the ambient temperature bacterial agent are as follows: 8-10 parts of Halophilic Monoclonal fermentation broth, 8-10 parts of Halophilic Bacillus fermentation broth, 10-15 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, and 10-15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth.

[0008] Optionally, the effective viable bacteria concentration of each component in the high-temperature bacterial agent is 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 cfu / ml; and / or,

[0009] The effective viable bacteria concentration of each component in the room-temperature bacterial agent is 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 cfu / ml.

[0010] This invention also proposes a method for preparing organic fertilizer, using kitchen waste as raw material. The method for preparing organic fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0011] S10. Ferment kitchen waste at low temperature to obtain primary fermentation product;

[0012] S20. After mixing the room temperature microbial agent in the above-mentioned microbial agent with the primary fermentation product and fermenting for a period of time, add the high temperature microbial agent in the above-mentioned microbial agent and ferment to obtain the intermediate fermentation product.

[0013] S30. Add the sorted kitchen waste to the intermediate fermentation material for mixed fermentation to obtain the final fermentation material;

[0014] S40. The final fermented product is processed to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

[0015] Optionally, in step S30, the mass ratio of the ambient temperature inoculum to the primary fermentation product is (1-10):100; and / or,

[0016] The mass ratio of the high-temperature bacterial agent to the primary fermentation product is (1-10):100.

[0017] Optionally, in step S20,

[0018] The fermentation temperature for mixing the room-temperature inoculum with the primary fermentation product is 30–40°C; and / or,

[0019] The fermentation time for mixing the room-temperature inoculum with the primary fermentation product is 1–3 days; and / or,

[0020] The fermentation temperature after adding the high-temperature inoculant is 55–60℃; and / or,

[0021] The fermentation time after adding high-temperature bacterial agent is 12-24 hours.

[0022] Optionally, step S10 includes:

[0023] S101. After preliminary aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain solid kitchen waste;

[0024] S102. The solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature to obtain primary fermentation product.

[0025] Optionally, in step S102, the auxiliary materials, by weight, include: 5-15 parts sawdust, 5-15 parts wood shavings, 5-15 parts biochar, 0.5-5 parts superphosphate, and 5-10 parts wheat bran; and / or,

[0026] The mass ratio of the solid kitchen waste to the auxiliary materials is (2-7):3.

[0027] Optionally, in step S102, the solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at a low temperature of 10–20°C; and / or,

[0028] The solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature for 1 to 3 days.

[0029] Optionally, step S102 includes:

[0030] The solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is adjusted to (20-35):1, the water content is 45-60%, and the pH of the fermentation material is adjusted to 6.8-7.2 with magnesium hydroxide to obtain the primary fermentation product.

[0031] In the technical solution provided by this invention, the microbial agent includes a high-temperature agent and a room-temperature agent. During the fermentation treatment of kitchen waste, adding the room-temperature agent can provide nutrients for subsequent high-temperature fermentation while pre-fermenting the kitchen waste, thus extending the high-temperature fermentation time. Adding the high-temperature agent can prolong the high-temperature fermentation of kitchen waste and reduce the heat demand during the fermentation process. Furthermore, using the high-temperature and room-temperature agents composed of the above components can improve the efficiency of aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste and result in better quality organic compost, thereby achieving the harmlessness, reduction, and resource utilization of kitchen waste. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the method for preparing organic fertilizer proposed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 2 The fermentation temperature graphs for Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 are shown.

[0035] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. Furthermore, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, or solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Aerobic composting of food waste utilizes aerobic microorganisms to biodegrade nutrients and organic matter in the waste, forming stable, highly fertile humus. The composting products can be used as organic fertilizer, thus achieving the harmlessness and resource utilization of food waste. Aerobic composting technology is relatively mature, simple, and widely applied. However, the high oil and salt content of food waste inhibits microbial growth, and the unbalanced carbon-nitrogen ratio and poor aeration of food waste affect the biotransformation process, prolonging the aerobic fermentation cycle and ultimately making it difficult to guarantee the quality of the compost product.

[0038] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for preparing microbial inoculants and organic fertilizers, aiming to provide a microbial inoculant that can improve the aerobic fermentation efficiency of kitchen waste and a method for preparing organic fertilizers that use kitchen waste as raw material, have high fermentation efficiency in the preparation process, and produce high-quality organic compost.

[0039] The microbial agents provided by this invention include thermophilic agents and ambient-temperature agents. The thermophilic agents include fermentation broths of *Bacillus stearothermophilus*, *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951), and *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677). The ambient-temperature agents include fermentation broths of *Halophilus*, *Halophilus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*.

[0040] In the technical solution provided by this invention, the microbial agent includes a high-temperature agent and a room-temperature agent. During the fermentation treatment of kitchen waste, adding the room-temperature agent can provide nutrients for subsequent high-temperature fermentation while pre-fermenting the kitchen waste, thus extending the high-temperature fermentation time. Adding the high-temperature agent can prolong the high-temperature fermentation of kitchen waste and reduce the heat demand during the fermentation process. Furthermore, using the high-temperature and room-temperature agents composed of the above components can improve the efficiency of aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste and result in better quality organic compost, thereby achieving the harmlessness, reduction, and resource utilization of kitchen waste.

[0041] Furthermore, the volume fractions of each component in the high-temperature microbial agent are as follows: 8-10 parts of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth, 5-10 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation broth, and 8-12 parts of *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation broth; the volume fractions of each component in the room-temperature microbial agent are as follows: 8-10 parts of *Halophilus* fermentation broth, 8-10 parts of *Halophilus* fermentation broth, 10-15 parts of *Bacillus subtilis* fermentation broth, and 10-15 parts of *Bacillus licheniformis* fermentation broth. The high-temperature and room-temperature microbial agents prepared using the above-mentioned volume fractions of each microorganism enable higher efficiency in the aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, resulting in better quality organic compost.

[0042] Furthermore, the effective viable bacteria concentration of each component in the high-temperature bacterial agent is 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 cfu / ml, the effective viable bacteria concentration of each component in the room temperature bacterial agent is 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9CFU / ml. High-temperature and room-temperature inoculants prepared using the above-mentioned effective viable bacterial concentrations of various microorganisms can improve the efficiency of aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste and produce higher quality organic compost.

[0043] This invention also proposes a method for preparing organic fertilizer, using kitchen waste as raw material, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0044] S10. Ferment kitchen waste at low temperature to obtain primary fermentation product;

[0045] In this embodiment, step S10 specifically includes:

[0046] S101. After preliminary aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain solid kitchen waste;

[0047] Step S101 can be processed by an integrated aerobic fermentation machine for kitchen waste to remove impurities and obtain solid kitchen waste, or it can be completed by other devices or equipment.

[0048] S102. The solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature to obtain primary fermentation product.

[0049] Solid kitchen waste that has been pre-treated by the integrated aerobic fermentation machine is fermented, and auxiliary materials are added to assist fermentation in creating a suitable fermentation environment.

[0050] A low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C / N) environment is unsuitable for the survival of aerobic bacteria, limiting further biological treatment of food waste. Moisture content also affects the aerobic fermentation efficiency of food waste. Therefore, in some embodiments, the auxiliary materials include, by weight parts: 5-15 parts sawdust, 5-15 parts wood shavings, 5-15 parts biochar, 0.5-5 parts superphosphate, and 5-10 parts wheat bran. Using the above-mentioned weight parts of substances as auxiliary materials can adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and moisture content of the primary fermentation product, thereby increasing the efficiency of aerobic fermentation of food waste.

[0051] Furthermore, the mass ratio of solid food waste to the auxiliary materials is (2-7):3. Specifically, the mass ratio of solid food waste to the auxiliary materials can be 2:3, 3:3, 4:3, 5:3, 6:3, 7:3, etc. Adding too much auxiliary material results in low utilization of the food waste, while adding too little results in a low carbon-nitrogen ratio in the primary fermentation product, which is unsuitable for the survival of microbial agents, leading to poor fermentation. Therefore, using the above-mentioned mass ratio of solid food waste to the auxiliary materials can better regulate the carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content of the primary fermentation product.

[0052] During the fermentation process, the temperature and time of fermentation will also affect the carbon-nitrogen ratio and water content of the primary fermentation product. Therefore, in some embodiments, the fermentation temperature of the solid kitchen waste mixed with auxiliary materials for low-temperature fermentation is 10-20°C; and the fermentation time of the solid kitchen waste mixed with auxiliary materials for low-temperature fermentation is 1-3 days.

[0053] Furthermore, the solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is adjusted to (20-35):1, and the moisture content is 45-60%. Magnesium hydroxide is used to adjust the pH of the fermentation material to 6.8-7.2 to obtain the primary fermentation product. If the moisture content of the primary fermentation product is too low, microorganisms will be inhibited. However, if the moisture content is too high, it will affect the distribution and penetration of oxygen, leading to putrefaction and foul odor under local anaerobic conditions. A low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C / N) environment is not suitable for the survival of the aforementioned microorganisms. A pH of 6.8-7.2 in the primary fermentation product is more conducive to the survival of the aforementioned microorganisms. Therefore, a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of (20-35):1, a moisture content of 45-60%, and a pH of 6.8-7.2 in the primary fermentation product is more conducive to the subsequent room temperature and high temperature fermentation.

[0054] S20. After mixing the room temperature microbial agent in the above-mentioned microbial agent with the primary fermentation product and fermenting for a period of time, add the high temperature microbial agent in the above-mentioned microbial agent and ferment to obtain the intermediate fermentation product.

[0055] In this step, room-temperature microbial agents are first added for pre-fermentation to provide nutrients for subsequent high-temperature fermentation, thus extending the high-temperature fermentation time. Then, high-temperature microbial agents are added to prolong the high-temperature fermentation of kitchen waste and reduce the heat demand during the fermentation process. Using the above-mentioned room-temperature and high-temperature microbial agents can make the aerobic fermentation more efficient and the organic compost obtained after fermentation of better quality.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific preparation method of the room-temperature bacterial agent is as follows:

[0057] First, *Halophilus*, *Halophilus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Bacillus licheniformis* were cultured to obtain an effective viable bacterial concentration of 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 Prepare fermentation broths of *Halophilus*, *Halophilus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Bacillus licheniformis* at cfu / ml. Mix the fermentation broths in the following proportions by volume: 8-10 parts *Halophilus*, 8-10 parts *Halophilus*, 10-15 parts *Bacillus subtilis*, and 10-15 parts *Bacillus licheniformis*. Add 50-80g of brown sugar to every 1000ml of the mixture, stir well, and then add 3500ml of sterile water. Seal the container and incubate in a constant temperature incubator for 48 hours to obtain the room temperature incubator.

[0058] The cultivation method for *Halophilus* is as follows: *Halophilus* is removed from freeze-dried tubes and inoculated into liquid *Halophilus* culture medium. It is then cultured at 37°C and 150 rpm with shaking for 24-48 hours. Next, it is gradually acclimated using aseptic kitchen waste leachate (from low to high concentration). The acclimated *Halophilus* is then inoculated into a fermenter containing liquid *Halophilus* culture medium at an inoculation rate of 5% (V / V) for fermentation to obtain *Halophilus* bacterial culture. The liquid *Halophilus* culture medium contains 1 g / L yeast extract, 20 g / L magnesium sulfate, 80 g / L sodium chloride, 0.5 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05 g / L ferric ammonium sulfate, 5 g / L peptone, and 7.5 g / L casein hydrolysate, and is sterilized at 121°C for 30 min. The concentration of the *Halophilus* bacterial culture is adjusted to 10 using the liquid *Halophilus* culture medium. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broth of Halophilic Monoclonal bacteria was obtained at cfu / ml.

[0059] The cultivation method for *Haliotis diffusa* is as follows: *Haliotis diffusa* is removed from lyophilized tubes and inoculated into modified liquid beef extract peptone medium. The medium is then cultured at 37°C and 150 rpm with shaking for 24-48 hours. Next, the bacteria are gradually acclimated using sterile kitchen waste leachate (from low to high concentration). The acclimated *Haliotis diffusa* is then inoculated into a fermenter containing modified beef extract peptone liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 5% (V / V) for fermentation to obtain the *Haliotis diffusa* bacterial culture. The modified beef extract peptone liquid medium contains 3 g / L beef extract, 10 g / L peptone, and 23 g / L sodium chloride, and is sterilized at 121°C for 30 min. The concentration of the *Haliotis diffusa* bacterial culture is adjusted to 10% using the modified beef extract peptone liquid medium. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broth of *Halophilus* was obtained at cfu / ml.

[0060] The cultivation method of Bacillus subtilis is as follows: Bacillus subtilis is removed from freeze-dried tubes and inoculated into liquid Bacillus subtilis culture medium for activation culture. The medium is then cultured at 28℃, 150 rpm, and shaking for 24-48 hours. Next, it is gradually acclimated using aseptic kitchen waste leachate (from low to high concentration). The acclimated Bacillus subtilis is then inoculated into a fermenter containing liquid Bacillus subtilis culture medium at an inoculation rate of 5% (V / V) for fermentation culture to obtain Bacillus subtilis liquid. The liquid Bacillus subtilis culture medium contains 3 g / L beef extract, 10 g / L peptone, 5 g / L sodium chloride, and 10 g / L glucose, and is sterilized at 115℃ for 20 min. The concentration of the Bacillus subtilis liquid is adjusted to 10% using the liquid Bacillus subtilis culture medium. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broth of Bacillus subtilis was obtained at cfu / ml.

[0061] The cultivation method for Bacillus licheniformis is as follows: Bacillus licheniformis is removed from freeze-dried tubes and inoculated into liquid Bacillus licheniformis culture medium for activation culture at 28℃, 150 rpm, and shaking for 24-48 hours. Then, it is gradually acclimated using sterile kitchen waste leachate (from low to high concentration). The acclimated Bacillus licheniformis is then inoculated into a fermenter containing Bacillus subtilis liquid culture medium at an inoculation rate of 5% (V / V) for fermentation culture to obtain Bacillus licheniformis liquid. The Bacillus licheniformis liquid culture medium contains 3 g / L beef extract, 10 g / L peptone, and 5 g / L sodium chloride, and is sterilized at 121℃ for 30 min. The concentration of the Bacillus subtilis liquid culture is adjusted to 10% using the Bacillus licheniformis liquid culture medium. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broth of Bacillus licheniformis was obtained at cfu / ml.

[0062] The specific preparation method of the high-temperature bacterial agent is as follows:

[0063] First, *Bacillus stearothermophilus*, *Thermus thermophilus*, and *Thermus islandicus* were cultured to obtain an effective viable bacterial concentration of 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broths of *Bacillus thermophilus*, *Thermus thermophilus*, and *Thermus islandicus* (cfu / ml) were then mixed in volume fractions of 8-10 parts of *Bacillus thermophilus* fermentation broth, 5-10 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* fermentation broth, and 8-12 parts of *Thermus islandicus* fermentation broth to obtain a high-temperature inoculum.

[0064] The cultivation method of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* is as follows: *Bacillus stearothermophilus* is removed from freeze-dried tubes and inoculated into beef extract peptone liquid medium. It is then cultured at 55℃, 150 rpm, and shaking for 24-48 hours. Next, it is gradually acclimated using sterile kitchen waste leachate (from low to high concentration). The acclimated *Bacillus stearothermophilus* is then inoculated into a fermenter containing beef extract peptone liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 5% (V / V) for fermentation to obtain *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth. The *Bacillus stearothermophilus* liquid medium contains 3 g / L beef extract, 10 g / L peptone, and 5 g / L sodium chloride, and is sterilized at 121℃ for 30 min. The concentration of *Bacillus subtilis* broth is adjusted to 10% using the *Bacillus stearothermophilus* liquid medium. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broth of Bacillus stearothermophilus was obtained at cfu / ml.

[0065] The cultivation method of *Thermus thermophilus* is as follows: *Thermus thermophilus* is removed from lyophilized tubes and inoculated into liquid beef extract peptone medium. It is then cultured at 50°C, 150 rpm, and shaking for 24-48 hours. Next, it is gradually acclimated using sterile kitchen waste leachate (from low to high concentration). The acclimated *Thermus thermophilus* is then inoculated into a fermenter containing liquid beef extract medium at an inoculation rate of 5% (V / V) for fermentation to obtain *Thermus thermophilus* bacterial culture. The liquid beef extract peptone medium contains 3 g / L beef extract, 10 g / L peptone, and 5 g / L sodium chloride, and is sterilized at 121°C for 30 min. The concentration of the *Thermus thermophilus* bacterial culture is adjusted to 10% using the liquid beef extract peptone medium. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broth of Thermus thermophilus was obtained at cfu / ml.

[0066] The cultivation method of *Thermus islandicus* is as follows: *Thermus islandicus* is removed from the lyophilized tube and inoculated into liquid *Thermus islandicus* medium. It is then cultured at 65℃, 150 rpm, and shaking for 24-48 hours. Next, it is gradually acclimated using sterile kitchen waste leachate (from low to high concentration). The acclimated *Thermus islandicus* bacteria are then inoculated into a fermenter containing liquid *Thermus islandicus* medium at an inoculation rate of 5% (V / V) for fermentation to obtain *Thermus islandicus* bacterial culture. The liquid *Thermus islandicus* medium contains 0.5 g / L yeast extract, 0.5 g / L peptone, 0.5 g / L glucose, 0.5 g / L casein hydrolysate, 0.3 g / L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.05 g / L magnesium sulfate, and is sterilized at 121℃ for 30 min. The concentration of the *Thermus islandicus* bacterial culture is adjusted to 10 using the liquid *Thermus islandicus* medium. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 The fermentation broth of Thermus islandicus was obtained at cfu / ml.

[0067] The amount of ambient temperature microbial agent and high temperature microbial agent used is not limited in this invention. Preferably, the mass ratio of the ambient temperature microbial agent to the primary fermentation product is (1-10):100, and the mass ratio of the high temperature microbial agent to the primary fermentation product is (1-10):100. Studies have shown that under the above mass ratios, the aerobic fermentation efficiency of kitchen waste is higher, and the quality of the organic compost obtained after fermentation is better.

[0068] The present invention does not limit the fermentation conditions for the mixed fermentation of the room-temperature inoculant and the primary fermentation material. Preferably, the fermentation temperature for the mixed fermentation of the room-temperature inoculant and the primary fermentation material is 30-40°C, and the fermentation time is 1-3 days. For example, it can be fermentation at 30°C for 2 days, at 35°C for 1 day, at 40°C for 3 days, etc. Under the above fermentation conditions, the pre-fermentation effect is better.

[0069] The present invention does not limit the fermentation conditions for the mixed fermentation of the high-temperature microbial agent and the primary fermentation material, as long as the temperature is higher than that for room temperature fermentation. Preferably, the fermentation temperature after adding the high-temperature microbial agent is 55-60℃, and the fermentation time is 12-24 hours. For example, fermentation can be carried out at 55℃, 58℃, or 60℃. Under the above fermentation conditions, the synergistic effect of each microorganism can be better exerted, resulting in better fermentation of kitchen waste. After 12-24 hours, when the fermentation environment is satisfactory, kitchen waste can be added again.

[0070] S30. Add the sorted kitchen waste to the intermediate fermentation material for mixed fermentation to obtain the final fermentation material;

[0071] After adding the high-temperature microbial agent, ferment for 12-24 hours, then add the sorted kitchen waste for fermentation. Add the sorted kitchen waste again every so often for 7-14 days to obtain the final fermented product.

[0072] S40. The final fermented product is processed to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

[0073] Specifically, depending on different needs, the final fermented product can be screened, have nutrients added, and other treatments applied to obtain bio-organic fertilizer from treated kitchen waste.

[0074] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] This embodiment proposes a microbial agent for the fermentation treatment of kitchen waste.

[0077] The microbial inoculants include thermophilic and ambient temperature inoculants. By volume, the thermophilic inoculants include 10 parts of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth, 5 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation broth, and 8 parts of *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation broth.

[0078] The ambient temperature bacterial agent includes 10 parts of Halophilic Monoclonal fermentation broth, 8 parts of Halophilic Bacillus fermentation broth, 15 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, and 15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] This embodiment proposes a microbial agent for the fermentation treatment of kitchen waste.

[0081] The microbial inoculants include thermophilic and ambient temperature inoculants. By volume, the thermophilic inoculants include 8 parts of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth, 10 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation broth, and 12 parts of *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation broth.

[0082] The ambient temperature bacterial agent includes 8 parts of halophilic monoclonal bacterial fermentation broth, 10 parts of halophilic bacillus fermentation broth, 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, and 10 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] This embodiment proposes a microbial agent for the fermentation treatment of kitchen waste.

[0085] The microbial inoculants include thermophilic and ambient temperature inoculants. By volume, the thermophilic inoculants include 9 parts of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth, 7 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation broth, and 10 parts of *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation broth.

[0086] The ambient temperature bacterial agent includes 9 parts of halophilic monoclonal bacteria fermentation broth, 9 parts of halophilic bacillus fermentation broth, 13 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, and 12 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] This embodiment proposes a microbial agent for the fermentation treatment of kitchen waste.

[0089] The microbial inoculants include thermophilic and ambient temperature inoculants. By volume, the thermophilic inoculants include 7 parts of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth, 6 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation broth, and 13 parts of *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation broth.

[0090] The ambient temperature bacterial agent includes 5 parts of Halophilic Monoclonal fermentation broth, 12 parts of Halophilic Bacillus fermentation broth, 16 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, and 9 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth.

[0091] Example 5

[0092] This embodiment proposes a microbial agent for the fermentation treatment of kitchen waste.

[0093] The microbial inoculants include thermophilic and ambient temperature inoculants. By volume, the thermophilic inoculants include 11 parts of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth, 5 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* (ATCC BAA-951) fermentation broth, and 7 parts of *Thermus islandicus* (ATCC BAA-1677) fermentation broth.

[0094] The ambient temperature bacterial agent includes 12 parts of halophilic monoclonal bacterial fermentation broth, 7 parts of halophilic bacillus fermentation broth, 9 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, and 18 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] (1) After preliminary aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain solid kitchen waste;

[0097] (2) Mix the solid kitchen waste with the auxiliary materials and put them into the integrated aerobic fermentation machine for kitchen waste. Ferment at 10-20℃ for 3 days (the mass ratio of solid kitchen waste to the auxiliary materials is 2:3). Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material to 20:1 and the water content to 45%. Adjust the pH of the fermentation material to 6.9 with magnesium hydroxide to obtain the primary fermentation product. The auxiliary materials include: 5 parts sawdust, 15 parts wood shavings, 10 parts biochar, 5 parts superphosphate and 10 parts wheat bran.

[0098] (3) The room temperature bacterial liquid and primary fermentation product in the microbial agent in Example 1 are added to the kitchen aerobic fermentation machine at a mass ratio of 10:100 and fermented at 30-40℃ for 1 day. Then, the high temperature bacterial liquid (the mass ratio of high temperature bacterial liquid to primary fermentation product is 5:100) in the microbial agent in Example 1 is added and fermented at 55-60℃ for 24 hours to obtain intermediate fermentation product.

[0099] (4) Add the newly produced kitchen waste after sorting to the integrated aerobic fermentation machine for mixed fermentation every other day for 20 days to obtain the final fermented product;

[0100] (5) The final fermentation product is processed to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

[0101] Example 7

[0102] (1) After preliminary aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain solid kitchen waste;

[0103] (2) The solid kitchen waste and auxiliary materials are mixed and put into the integrated aerobic fermentation machine for kitchen waste and fermented at 10-20℃ for 2 days (the mass ratio of solid kitchen waste to auxiliary materials is 5:3). The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is adjusted to 25:1 and the water content is 52%. The pH of the fermentation material is adjusted to 7.2 with magnesium hydroxide to obtain the primary fermentation product. The auxiliary materials include: 15 parts sawdust, 5 parts wood shavings, 15 parts biochar, 0.5 parts superphosphate and 5 parts wheat bran.

[0104] (3) The room temperature bacterial liquid in the microbial agent in Example 1 and the primary fermentation product were added into the kitchen aerobic fermentation machine at a mass ratio of 5:100 and fermented at 30-40℃ for 2 days. Then, the high temperature bacterial liquid in the microbial agent in Example 1 (the mass ratio of high temperature bacterial liquid to primary fermentation product was 10:100) was added and fermented at 55-60℃ for 12 hours to obtain the intermediate fermentation product.

[0105] (4) Add the newly produced kitchen waste after sorting to the integrated aerobic fermentation machine for mixed fermentation every other day for 20 days to obtain the final fermented product;

[0106] (5) The final fermentation product is processed to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

[0107] Example 8

[0108] (1) After preliminary aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain solid kitchen waste;

[0109] (2) Mix the solid kitchen waste with the auxiliary materials and put them into the integrated aerobic fermentation machine for kitchen waste and ferment at 10-20℃ for 2 days (the mass ratio of solid kitchen waste to the auxiliary materials is 7:3). Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material to 35:1 and the water content to 60%. Adjust the pH of the fermentation material to 6.8 with magnesium hydroxide to obtain the primary fermentation product. The auxiliary materials include: 10 parts sawdust, 10 parts wood shavings, 8 parts biochar, 2 parts superphosphate and 8 parts wheat bran.

[0110] (3) The room temperature bacterial liquid and primary fermentation product in the microbial agent in Example 1 were added to the kitchen aerobic fermentation machine at a mass ratio of 5:100 and fermented at 30-40℃ for 3 days. Then, the high temperature bacterial liquid (the mass ratio of high temperature bacterial liquid to primary fermentation product was 10:100) in the microbial agent in Example 1 was added and fermented at 55-60℃ for 24 hours to obtain intermediate fermentation product.

[0111] (4) Add the newly produced kitchen waste after sorting to the integrated aerobic fermentation machine for mixed fermentation every other day for 20 days to obtain the final fermented product;

[0112] (5) The final fermentation product is processed to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

[0113] Example 9

[0114] Except for using the room temperature bacterial solution and the high temperature bacterial solution in the microbial agent of Example 2, the other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0115] Example 10

[0116] Except for using the room temperature bacterial solution and the high temperature bacterial solution in the microbial agent of Example 3, the other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0117] Example 11

[0118] Except for using the room temperature bacterial solution and the high temperature bacterial solution in the microbial agent of Example 4, the other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0119] Example 12

[0120] Except for using the room temperature bacterial solution and the high temperature bacterial solution in the microbial agent of Example 5, the other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0121] Comparative Example 1

[0122] Except for changing step (3) to: put the purchased commercially available bacterial agent and the primary fermentation product into the kitchen aerobic fermentation machine at a mass ratio of 10:100 and ferment at 30-40℃ for 1 day to obtain the intermediate fermentation product;

[0123] The main components of commercially available microbial agents are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0124] The other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0125] Comparative Example 2

[0126] Except for step (3) being changed to: the commercially available microbial agent and the primary fermentation product are put into the kitchen aerobic fermentation machine at a mass ratio of 10:100 and fermented at 30-40℃ for 1 day, and then the high-temperature bacterial liquid (the mass ratio of high-temperature bacterial liquid to primary fermentation product is 1:100) in the microbial agent in Example 1 is added and fermented at 55-60℃ for 24 hours to obtain the intermediate fermentation product;

[0127] The main components of commercially available microbial agents are lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Bacillus and Bifidobacterium;

[0128] The other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0129] Comparative Example 3

[0130] Except for step (3) being changed to: adding the room temperature bacterial liquid and primary fermentation material from the microbial agent in Example 1 to the kitchen aerobic fermentation machine at a mass ratio of 10:100 and fermenting at 30-40℃ for 1 day, then adding the commercially available bacterial agent (commercially available bacterial agent to primary fermentation material at a mass ratio of 5:100) and fermenting at 55-60℃ for 24 hours to obtain intermediate fermentation material;

[0131] The main components of commercially available bacterial agents are Bacillus laterosporus, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria;

[0132] The other steps are the same as in Example 6.

[0133] Fermentation process temperature test

[0134] The fermentation temperature curves of Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 without the auxiliary heating equipment are shown below. Figure 2 As shown, by Figure 2 It can be seen that the microbial agent provided by the present invention can reduce the heating demand of the equipment during the fermentation process of kitchen waste because the temperature rise brought about by the fermentation itself is higher.

[0135] Fermentation effect test

[0136] The degradation rate of food waste microbial agents is reflected by the weight reduction efficiency, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0137] D = 1 - (CB) / A

[0138] Where: D represents the degradation rate of kitchen waste;

[0139] A represents the total weight of the food waste input;

[0140] B represents the total weight of the integrated kitchen waste treatment machine before the kitchen waste is added;

[0141] C represents the total weight of the integrated kitchen waste treatment machine after fermentation treatment of kitchen waste.

[0142] The degradation rate of the kitchen waste in Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 was measured at 5, 10, and 20 days after the start of fermentation. The calculated degradation rates are shown in Table 1.

[0143] Table 1. Degradation rates of kitchen waste in Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 at 5, 10, and 20 days after fermentation.

[0144]

[0145] It should be noted that Examples 7-12 have the same effect as Example 6. As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1:

[0146] Compared with Example 6, Comparative Example 1 used a commercially available microbial agent whose main components were Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and lactic acid bacteria to ferment the final fermented food waste, while Example 6 used the microbial agent provided in Example 1 to ferment the final fermented food waste. The degradation rate of food waste in Comparative Example 1 was 74.5%, while that in Example 6 was 98.4%. The degradation rate of Comparative Example 1 was much lower than that in Example 6, indicating that using the microbial agent provided by the present invention to ferment food waste can improve the degradation rate of food waste.

[0147] The final fermentation product obtained in Example 6 was tested for total nitrogen content, P2O5 content, K2O content, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O), organic matter content, pH, and moisture content. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0148] Table 2 shows the detection results of the final fermentation product obtained in Example 6.

[0149] Total nitrogen content / % 2.67 <![CDATA[P₂O₅ content / %]]> 2.55 <![CDATA[K₂O content / %]]> 2.87 Total Nutrients / % 8.09 Organic matter content / % 50 PH 6.95 Moisture content / % 28.2

[0150] As can be seen from Table 2, the final fermented product obtained by fermenting kitchen waste using the microbial agent provided by this invention has an organic matter content of up to 50%. Therefore, it is possible to add nutrients to it to make the required organic fertilizer, thereby realizing the recycling of kitchen waste.

[0151] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial inoculant for the fermentation of kitchen waste, characterized in that, The microbial agents include thermophilic agents and ambient-temperature agents. The thermophilic agents include fermentation broths of *Bacillus stearothermophilus*, *Thermus thermophilus*, and *Thermus islandicus*. The ambient-temperature agents include fermentation broths of *Halomonas*, *Halobacterium*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Bacillus licheniformis*. The preservation number of *Thermus thermophilus* is ATCC BAA-951; the preservation number of *Thermus islandicus* is ATCC BAA-1677. The room-temperature microbial agent is used to mix with the primary fermentation material for pre-fermentation, and the fermentation temperature of the room-temperature microbial agent and the primary fermentation material is 30-40℃. The high-temperature microbial agent is used to ferment the room-temperature microbial agent and the primary fermentation material for a period of time, and then add the high-temperature microbial agent to ferment to obtain an intermediate fermentation material, and the fermentation temperature after adding the high-temperature microbial agent is 55-60℃.

2. The microbial agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The volume fractions of each component in the high-temperature bacterial agent are: 8-10 parts of *Bacillus stearothermophilus* fermentation broth, 5-10 parts of *Thermus thermophilus* fermentation broth, and 8-12 parts of *Thermus islandicus* fermentation broth; and / or, The volume fractions of each component in the ambient temperature bacterial agent are as follows: 8-10 parts of Halophilic Monoclonal fermentation broth, 8-10 parts of Halophilic Bacillus fermentation broth, 10-15 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, and 10-15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis fermentation broth.

3. The microbial agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The effective viable bacteria concentration of each component in the high-temperature bacterial agent is 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 cfu / ml; and / or, The effective viable bacteria concentration of each component in the room-temperature bacterial agent is 10. 8 cfu / ml ~10 9 cfu / ml.

4. A method for preparing organic fertilizer, using kitchen waste as raw material, characterized in that, The method for preparing the organic fertilizer includes the following steps: S10. Ferment kitchen waste at low temperature to obtain primary fermentation product; S20. After mixing the room temperature microbial agent in any one of the microbial agents of claims 1 to 3 with the primary fermentation product and fermenting for a period of time, add the high temperature microbial agent in any one of the microbial agents of claims 1 to 3 and ferment to obtain an intermediate fermentation product. S30. Add the sorted kitchen waste to the intermediate fermentation material for mixed fermentation to obtain the final fermentation material; S40. The final fermented product is processed to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S30, the mass ratio of the ambient temperature inoculum to the primary fermentation product is (1~10):100; and / or, The mass ratio of the high-temperature bacterial agent to the primary fermentation product is (1~10):

100.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S20, The fermentation temperature for mixing the room-temperature inoculum with the primary fermentation product is 30-40°C; and / or, The fermentation time for mixing the room-temperature inoculum with the primary fermentation product is 1-3 days; and / or, The fermentation temperature after adding the high-temperature inoculant is 55~60℃; and / or, The fermentation time after adding high-temperature bacterial agent is 12~24h.

7. The method for preparing organic fertilizer as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Step S10 includes: S101. After preliminary aerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain solid kitchen waste; S102. The solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature to obtain primary fermentation product.

8. The method for preparing organic fertilizer as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step S102, the auxiliary materials, by weight, include: 5-15 parts sawdust, 5-15 parts wood shavings, 5-15 parts biochar, 0.5-5 parts superphosphate, and 5-10 parts wheat bran; and / or, The mass ratio of the solid kitchen waste to the auxiliary materials is (2~7):

3.

9. The method for preparing organic fertilizer as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step S102, the solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at a low temperature of 10~20℃; and / or, The solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature for 1 to 3 days.

10. The method for preparing organic fertilizer as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Step S102 includes: The solid kitchen waste is mixed with auxiliary materials and fermented at low temperature. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation material is adjusted to (20~35):1, the water content is 45~60%, and the pH of the fermentation material is adjusted to 6.8~7.2 with magnesium hydroxide to obtain the primary fermentation product.

Images