Construction method of steel trestle anchor pile on bare rock foundation

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges, belonging to the field of temporary steel trestle bridge construction technology. The method includes setting up a temporary concrete foundation on the bare rock, installing steel pipe piles on the temporary concrete foundation, and installing temporary distribution beams and connecting systems on the steel pipe piles, connecting to the previous span of the trestle bridge via Bailey bridges. A temporary platform is installed on the Bailey bridges. After the anchor piles are constructed, the system is converted, and the trestle bridge acts on the permanent anchor piles, completing the construction of this span of the trestle bridge. This method has a simple procedure, effectively reduces construction safety risks, and accurately and quickly completes the anchor pile construction, further improving the safety performance of trestle bridge construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of temporary steel trestle construction technology, specifically relating to a method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges. Background Technology

[0002] Steel trestle bridges, as a transportation channel for bridge construction on water, have been widely used in water construction. Foundation construction is the most important and also the most difficult part of steel trestle bridge construction. It often brings huge technical challenges to the construction of steel trestle bridges due to geological reasons. Especially in bare rock geology, it is difficult to insert steel pipe pile foundations into the rock strata. In this case, anchor piles are needed to anchor the steel pipe piles into the rock strata.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with publication number CN110924307A discloses a method for constructing a trestle bridge in bare rock geology, which mainly includes the following steps: construction preparation, abutment construction, construction of the enlarged foundation of the first pier on the shore, construction of the steel pipe pile of the first pier, construction of the first construction platform, construction of the foundation of the secondary pier structure, construction of the reinforcement of the secondary pier structure, extension of the next level of construction platform, and repetition of the above steps; at the same time, commonly used components and their construction methods are optimized.

[0004] Due to the typically hard and difficult-to-extract nature of bare rock geology, construction is quite challenging. Under these geological conditions, construction requires specialized tools and equipment to handle the rock. Furthermore, existing trestle bridge construction methods all necessitate the construction of enlarged foundations for the first pier on the shore. The first pier is the supporting structure of the trestle bridge, and enlarging the foundation increases its stability and load-bearing capacity. However, this requires more time and resources to complete, thus reducing overall construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this invention provides a method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges. This method utilizes temporary concrete foundations, which not only provide support to the trestle bridge, reducing bending moments and deflections, but also allow for dismantling and reuse after construction, preventing material waste. The platform remains stable during anchor pile construction, improving the quality of the anchor pile work. This method replaces existing methods that require enlarged foundations for the first pier, which are the bridge's supporting structure and whose stability and load-bearing capacity are increased. However, these methods require more time and resources, reducing overall construction efficiency.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges, characterized by the following steps:

[0008] S1: Mark out the location of the temporary concrete foundation;

[0009] S2: Use dry, hard mortar to level the bare rock surface;

[0010] S3: Anchor the prefabricated temporary concrete foundation to the bare rock using anchor bars;

[0011] S4: Install pipe piles, crossbeams, and longitudinal beams on the temporary concrete foundation;

[0012] S5: Install the anchor pile construction platform on the longitudinal beam, use the guide frame to position the steel pipe piles, and begin the anchor pile construction;

[0013] S6: After the anchor piles are completed, the system is converted to connect the superstructure of the trestle bridge to the anchor piles, thus completing the construction of the trestle bridge.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the bare rock is exposed above the water surface at low tide.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S3, the temporary concrete foundation has anchor bar holes reserved at the four corners during prefabrication. When the water level is low, the anchor holes are drilled on the bare rock using a water drill. The temporary concrete foundation and the anchor holes are anchored by anchor bars, and mortar is poured into the anchor holes.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S4, the temporary concrete foundation is pre-embedded with a steel plate, the steel pipe pile is welded onto the pre-embedded plate, and the connecting system, crossbeam and longitudinal beam are installed on the steel pipe pile.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S5, except for the punching platform for impact drilling, the remaining part of the longitudinal beam is covered with scaffold boards to reduce the load on the longitudinal beam.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0019] S31: Anchor bar includes a hollow deformable shell and an anchor bolt, with the deformable shell placed in the corresponding anchor hole;

[0020] S32: Place the anchor bolts coaxially on top of the deformable shell;

[0021] S33: By continuously striking, the anchor is driven into the deformable shell, causing the deformable shell to expand and engage with the corresponding anchor hole;

[0022] S34: Inject mortar into the anchor hole to seal and fill it.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S3, the anchor bar includes a hollow deformable shell and an anchor nail. The deformable shell is provided with a plurality of deformable strip groups. The plurality of deformable strip groups are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis of the deformable shell. The deformable strip group includes a plurality of deformable strips. The plurality of deformable strips are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the deformable shell.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the anchor plus the thickness of the deformation strip is greater than the inner diameter of the deformation shell.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S3, the deformable shell is provided with a plurality of slots, which are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the deformable shell. There is a deformation space between two adjacent deformable strips at the same height. The plurality of slots and the plurality of deformation spaces are matched one-to-one, and any slot is centrally located in the corresponding deformation space.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] This invention provides a method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges. This method utilizes temporary concrete foundations, which not only provide support to the trestle bridge, reducing bending moments and deflections, but also allow for dismantling and reuse after construction, preventing material waste. The platform remains stable during anchor pile construction, improving the quality of the anchor pile work. This method replaces existing methods that require enlarged foundations for the first pier, which are the bridge's supporting structure and whose stability and load-bearing capacity are increased. However, these methods require more time and resources, reducing overall construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the anchor bar of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of main symbols

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Temporary concrete foundation; 2. Steel pipe pile; 3. Crossbeam; 4. Longitudinal beam; 5. Guide frame; 6. Temporary platform; 7. Impact drill; 8. Anchor bar; 9. Trestle foundation pile; 10. Connecting system; 11. Temporary platform railing; 12. Deformation shell; 13. Anchor nail; 14. Deformation strip; 15. Hollow groove. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0036] Please see Figure 1-4 This embodiment provides a method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges, characterized by the following steps:

[0037] S1: Lay out the location of temporary concrete foundation 1. First, determine the location of the trestle bridge and lay out the location to determine the specific location of temporary concrete foundation 1.

[0038] S2: Use dry hard mortar to level the bare rock surface. Fill the bare rock surface with dry hard mortar to make it suitable for foundation construction.

[0039] S3: Anchor the precast temporary concrete foundation 1 to the bare rock using anchor bars 8, fix the anchor bars 8 on the surface of the bare rock, and install the precast concrete foundation on the anchor bars 8 to firmly fix it to the bare rock through anchoring.

[0040] S4: Install pipe piles, crossbeams 3 and longitudinal beams 4 on the temporary concrete foundation 1. Install pipe piles, crossbeams 3 and longitudinal beams 4 on the concrete foundation to form the basic structure of the bridge and prepare for subsequent construction.

[0041] S5: Install the anchor pile construction platform on the longitudinal beam 4, use the guide frame 5 to position the steel pipe pile 2, and start the anchor pile construction.

[0042] S6: After the anchor piles are completed, the system conversion is carried out to connect the superstructure of the trestle bridge to the anchor piles to complete the construction of the trestle bridge. After the anchor pile construction is completed, the superstructure of the trestle bridge is connected to the anchor piles to complete the entire construction process of the trestle bridge.

[0043] This invention provides a method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges. This method utilizes temporary concrete foundations (1) during construction, which not only provide support to the trestle bridge, reducing bending moments and deflections, but also allows for the removal and reuse of the temporary concrete foundations after construction, preventing material waste. The platform remains stable during anchor pile construction, increasing the quality of the anchor pile work. This method replaces existing methods that require enlarged foundations for the first pier, which are the supporting structure of the trestle bridge and whose enlarged foundations are used to increase stability and load-bearing capacity. However, these methods require more time and resources, reducing overall construction efficiency.

[0044] A method for constructing anchor piles for a trestle bridge on a bare rock foundation includes the following steps:

[0045] First, when the water level is low, the location of the temporary concrete foundation 1 is marked out using surveying instruments. It should be noted that the stress requirements of the longitudinal beam 4 must be considered when selecting the location of the temporary concrete foundation 1. After marking out the location of the temporary concrete foundation 1, the uneven surface of the bare rock is leveled using dry-hardened mortar.

[0046] Using a water-jet drill or other core-taking equipment, drill holes at the anchorage locations for the temporary concrete foundation 1 and the bare rock, ensuring that the anchor bars 8 penetrate a certain length into the rock for anchorage. After drilling, place the concrete foundation on the leveled bare rock, aligning the pre-drilled holes in the concrete foundation with the holes already drilled in the bare rock foundation. Anchor the concrete foundation to the bare rock using the anchor bars 8, and fill the portion of the anchor holes that penetrates into the rock layer with mortar. The anchor holes within the concrete foundation are then filled tightly with filler material.

[0047] Weld the temporary pipe piles to the embedded parts of the concrete foundation, install the connection system 10 between the temporary pipe piles, install the horizontal beam 3 and the longitudinal beam 4, and install the temporary platform 6 and the railing.

[0048] Position and install the guide frame 5 on the temporary platform 6. Ensure the accuracy of the installation position of the guide frame 5 using measuring instruments. Insert the trestle foundation pile 9 into the guide frame 5. Hoist the drilling rig onto the temporary platform 6 and install it securely. Drill holes in the trestle foundation pile 9 using the drilling rig. After drilling to the design elevation, lower the anchor bar cage 8 into the trestle foundation pile 9 and pour underwater concrete. At this point, the anchor pile of the trestle foundation pile 9 for this span is completed. Repeat the above steps until the construction of all trestle foundation piles 9 anchor piles for this span is completed.

[0049] After the anchor piles of foundation pile 9 of the trestle bridge are completed, a system conversion is performed to transfer the trestle bridge load to foundation pile 9. The specific procedure is as follows: Remove the temporary platform 6 and the drilling rig, and disconnect the connection between the longitudinal beam of this span and the lower chord of the longitudinal beam of the upper span. At this time, the longitudinal beam of this span and the longitudinal beam of the upper span are in a hinged state. Use a crane to lift the front end of the longitudinal beam of this span, and use another hook of the crane to remove the crossbeam 3 on the temporary concrete foundation 1. Install the crossbeam 3 above the foundation pile 9 of the trestle bridge, and then erect the longitudinal beam 4 of the trestle bridge on the crossbeam 3 above the foundation pile 9 of the trestle bridge. The longitudinal beam 4 is connected to the crossbeam 3, and the trestle bridge deck system is installed to complete the construction of this span of the trestle bridge.

[0050] The demolition process of temporary concrete foundation 1 is explained below:

[0051] Remove the filler between the anchor bar 8 and the temporary concrete foundation 1, dismantle the connection system 10 between the temporary concrete foundation 1, remove the steel pipe pile 2, and remove the anchor bar 8.

[0052] This invention aims to provide a method for constructing anchor pile foundations, solving the problem of anchor pile construction on bare rock foundations. By erecting a temporary concrete foundation 1 and a temporary platform 6, the safety of anchor pile construction is ensured, and the safety risks during construction are reduced. At the same time, the accuracy and verticality of the anchor piles are greatly increased, improving the construction quality of anchor piles for trestle bridges. Moreover, the temporary concrete foundation 1 and platform used in this method can be recycled without the need for additional construction materials, resulting in good economic and social benefits.

[0053] Furthermore, in S2, at low tide, bare rock will be exposed above the water surface. In this case, the following measures can be taken: Adjust the layout position according to the low tide level to ensure that the exposed portion of the bare rock can be leveled. This means that the layout position needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation to ensure that the exposed portion of the bare rock can be leveled at low tide; use dry-hardened mortar to level the bare rock surface. Apply dry-hardened mortar to the exposed portion of the bare rock according to the adjusted layout position to make it smooth. Dry-hardened mortar has strong adhesion and water resistance, and can be used for construction in underwater working environments; ensure that the leveled bare rock surface is in close contact with the precast concrete foundation. The leveled bare rock surface should be in close contact with the precast concrete foundation to ensure the stability and strength of the foundation.

[0054] It is important to note that when constructing anchor piles on the bare rock foundation of a steel trestle bridge, special consideration must be given to safety and construction conditions in the underwater working environment to ensure the smooth progress of the work. In actual construction, detailed construction plans and operational guidelines need to be developed based on specific circumstances.

[0055] Furthermore, in S3, anchor holes are pre-drilled at the four corners of the temporary concrete foundation 1 during prefabrication. During low tide, anchor holes are drilled in the bare rock using a water-powered drill. The temporary concrete foundation 1 is then anchored to the anchor holes using anchor bars 8, and mortar is poured into the anchor holes. The specific steps are as follows:

[0056] S11: During the foundation prefabrication process, anchor holes shall be designed and reserved at the four corners. These reserved anchor holes shall conform to the foundation design and construction requirements, and take into account the connection strength and stability between the foundation and the anchor holes.

[0057] S12: When the water level is low, use a water-cooled drill to drill anchor holes in the bare rock. Drill holes in the bare rock according to the pre-reserved anchor bar hole locations, ensuring that the diameter and depth of the holes meet the design requirements.

[0058] S13: Insert the anchor bar 8 into the anchor hole and connect it to the foundation by welding or other means. Insert the pre-prepared anchor bar 8 into the drilled hole and connect it to the foundation. Welding or other suitable methods can be used to ensure a firm connection between the anchor bar 8 and the foundation.

[0059] S14: Pour mortar into the anchor hole. After connecting the anchor bar 8 to the foundation, inject mortar into the hole through the anchor hole to ensure complete filling and that the mortar has good water resistance and adhesion.

[0060] This design and construction method can enhance the stability and overturning resistance of the structure. However, please note that in actual operation, a detailed construction plan and operational guidance need to be developed based on specific project requirements and conditions.

[0061] Furthermore, in S4, a temporary concrete foundation 1 is pre-embedded with a steel plate, and steel pipe piles 2 are welded onto the pre-embedded plate. Connecting system 10, crossbeam 3, and longitudinal beam 4 are installed on the steel pipe piles 2 to complete the structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] S21: Foundation Embedded Steel Plates: In foundation design, reserved steel plates are embedded in the ground to provide stable support for the foundation. These steel plates should be selected and installed according to specific project requirements and design specifications.

[0063] S22: Welding Steel Pipe Pile 2: Weld steel pipe pile 2 to the pre-embedded steel plate. According to design requirements, steel pipe pile 2 is vertically welded to the pre-embedded steel plate to ensure welding strength and stability;

[0064] S23: Install Connection System 10: According to the design plan, install Connection System 10 on the steel pipe pile 2. Connection System 10 is a structural element used to connect different parts or components, such as support rods, connecting plates, etc., ensuring that the material selection, size and strength of Connection System 10 meet the design requirements;

[0065] S24: Install crossbeams 3 and longitudinal beams 4: According to the design plan, install crossbeams 3 and longitudinal beams 4 on the connection system 10. Crossbeams 3 and longitudinal beams 4 are key structural elements used to support and distribute loads, playing an important role in the frame structure and ensuring that the connection between crossbeams 3 and longitudinal beams 4 and the connection system 10 is stable and reliable.

[0066] By pre-embedding steel plates to firmly connect the steel pipe piles 2 to the foundation, and then installing the connecting system 10, the crossbeams 3 and the longitudinal beams 4, the load-bearing capacity and stability of the structure can be enhanced.

[0067] Furthermore, in S5, except for the punching platform used for impact drilling, the remaining portion of the longitudinal beam 4 is covered with scaffold boards to reduce the load on the longitudinal beam 4. The specific steps are as follows:

[0068] S51: Perforation Platform: Install a perforation platform at the location where impact drilling is required. The perforation platform is a platform structure used to support and secure the impact drill 7 for drilling operations. Ensure the stability and safety of the perforation platform.

[0069] S52: Laying scaffold boards: Scaffold boards may be laid on the remaining parts of the platform, excluding the punching platform. Scaffold boards are a load-bearing structure used to provide a platform and support for workers. By laying scaffold boards on the longitudinal beam 4, the load on the longitudinal beam 4 can be reduced, the load can be distributed, and the pressure on the longitudinal beam 4 can be reduced.

[0070] By installing scaffold boards (excluding the punching platform) on the longitudinal beam 4, the load on the longitudinal beam 4 can be effectively reduced, and a safe and stable working platform can be provided, improving the efficiency and safety of workers.

[0071] Since the temporary concrete foundation 1 is fixedly connected to the bare rock by anchor bars 8, and then the connection between the temporary concrete foundation 1 and the bare rock is strengthened by grouting, there is a problem when actually installing the temporary concrete foundation 1: if the anchor hole is enlarged, inserting the anchor bars 8 into the anchor hole will also result in an unstable connection between the temporary concrete foundation 1 and the bare rock. Furthermore, grouting is necessary, but the grout requires a certain amount of time to solidify. Since this solution is used at sea, when the tide rises, the seawater will exert a force on the temporary concrete foundation 1, causing it to shift relative to the bare rock, thus leading to instability in the structure supported by the temporary concrete foundation 1. Therefore, this solution provides a special explanation for claim 1, S3:

[0072] S31: The anchor bar 8 includes a hollow deformable shell 12 and an anchor 13, with the deformable shell 12 placed in the corresponding anchor hole;

[0073] S32: Place the anchor 13 coaxially on top of the deformable shell 12;

[0074] S33: By continuously striking, the anchor 13 is driven into the deformable shell 12, causing the deformable shell 12 to expand and engage with the corresponding anchor hole.

[0075] S34: Inject mortar into the anchor hole to seal and fill it.

[0076] By setting up a deformable shell 12 and anchors 13, when the anchors 13 are inserted into the corresponding deformable shell 12, the deformable shell 12 will expand and cooperate with the corresponding anchor holes, so as to achieve a stable connection between the temporary concrete foundation 1 and the bare rock. This solves the problem that even when the anchor holes are enlarged, the connection between the temporary concrete foundation 1 and the bare rock is not stable when the anchor bars 8 are inserted into the anchor holes.

[0077] Further explanation of the anchor bar 8: In S3, the anchor bar 8 includes a hollow deformable shell 12 and an anchor 13. Several sets of deformable strips 14 are arranged within the deformable shell 12, spaced equally along the central axis of the shell. Each set of deformable strips 14 includes several deformable strips 14 arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the shell. Since the diameter of the anchor 13 plus the thickness of the deformable strips 14 is greater than the inner diameter of the deformable shell 12, when the anchor 13 is struck and continuously descends along the axis of the deformable shell 12, the anchor 13 and the deformable strips 14 together compress the sidewall of the deformable shell 12, causing the sidewall of the deformable shell 12 to expand.

[0078] It should be noted that the deformable shell 12 is located within the bare rock and temporary concrete foundation 1.

[0079] Furthermore, since the deformable shell 12 in this design expands due to the compression of its outer wall by the deformable strips 14, the deformable shell 12 is provided with several slots 15 to facilitate deformation. These slots 15 are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the deformable shell 12. There is a deformation space between two adjacent deformable strips 14 at the same height. The slots 15 and deformation spaces are matched one-to-one. Any slot 15 is centered in the corresponding deformation space. The direction of the slot 15 is parallel to the axis of the deformable shell 12, and the length of the slot 15 is the same as the distance between the topmost and bottommost deformable strips 14.

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Mark out the location of the temporary concrete foundation; S2: Use dry, hard mortar to level the bare rock surface; S3: Anchor the prefabricated temporary concrete foundation to the bare rock using anchor bars; S4: Install pipe piles, crossbeams, and longitudinal beams on the temporary concrete foundation; S5: Install the anchor pile construction platform on the longitudinal beam, use the guide frame to position the steel pipe piles, and begin the anchor pile construction; S6: After the anchor piles are completed, the system is converted to connect the superstructure of the trestle bridge to the anchor piles, thus completing the construction of the trestle bridge.

2. The method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, at low tide, the bare rock is exposed above the water surface.

3. The method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the temporary concrete foundation has pre-reserved anchor bar holes at the four corners during prefabrication. At low tide, anchor holes are drilled on the bare rock using a water-powered drill. The temporary concrete foundation is then anchored to the anchor holes using anchor bars, and mortar is poured into the anchor holes.

4. The method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, a steel plate is embedded in the temporary concrete foundation, and steel pipe piles are welded onto the embedded steel plate. A connecting system, crossbeams, and longitudinal beams are installed on the steel pipe piles.

5. The method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S4, the two ends of the connecting system are horizontally connected between the two steel pipe piles, the crossbeam is horizontally set on the steel pipe pile, and the longitudinal beam is transversely mounted on the crossbeam.

6. The method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, except for the punching platform used for impact drilling, the remaining part of the longitudinal beam is covered with scaffold boards to reduce the load on the longitudinal beam.

7. The method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 3, characterized in that, S3 includes the following steps: S31: Anchor bar includes a hollow deformable shell and an anchor bolt, with the deformable shell placed in the corresponding anchor hole; S32: Place the anchor bolts coaxially on top of the deformable shell; S33: By continuously striking, the anchor is driven into the deformable shell, causing the deformable shell to expand and engage with the corresponding anchor hole; S34: Inject mortar into the anchor hole to seal and fill it.

8. The method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S3, the anchor bar includes a hollow deformable shell and an anchor bolt. The deformable shell is provided with a plurality of deformable strip groups, which are equally spaced along the central axis of the deformable shell. Each deformable strip group includes a plurality of deformable strips, which are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the deformable shell. The diameter of the anchor bolt is the same as the inner diameter of the deformable shell.

9. A method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 8, characterized in that: The diameter of the anchor plus the thickness of the deformation strip is greater than the inner diameter of the deformation shell.

10. A method for constructing anchor piles on bare rock foundations for steel trestle bridges according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S3, the deformable shell has several slots. The slots are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the deformable shell. There is a deformation space between two adjacent deformable strips at the same height. The slots and deformation spaces are matched one-to-one. Any slot is centered in the corresponding deformation space.

Images