A wing surface variable stiffness two-way loading test device under large load

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of airfoil static test, and particularly relates to a large-load airfoil variable-rigidity bidirectional loading test device, which comprises a bearing terrace placed on the ground, a lower loading system with a fixed end installed on the bearing terrace and a loading end in contact with the lower surface of a test piece, a bearing wall fixedly installed on the bearing terrace and provided with mounting holes for connection on the side wall of the bearing wall, a test piece clamp fixed at a certain height of the bearing wall, a fixed end of the test piece fixed on the test piece clamp, and a lower surface of an upper loading system placed directly above the lower loading system; the device further comprises a loading support system comprising a crossbeam and a column for erecting the crossbeam to a height higher than that of the test piece, and an upper loading system with a fixed end fixed on the crossbeam directly above the test piece and a loading end connected with the test piece. The device efficiently solves the rigidity and strength test problem of movable airfoil structure under large load, has high bearing capacity and adjustable support rigidity, and can meet the corresponding test requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of airfoil static testing, and specifically relates to a test device for bidirectional loading of airfoil with variable stiffness under large load. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of aircraft design technology, service conditions are becoming increasingly stringent, and the flaps, ailerons, and other movable surfaces of large aircraft are subjected to severe loads. As important components of an aircraft, these movable surfaces are manipulated by pilots to control the aircraft's attitude, playing a crucial role in aircraft safety. Therefore, conducting stiffness and strength tests on their structures is of great significance.

[0003] Stiffness testing of movable wing surfaces is conducted before strength testing to verify whether the structure's stiffness meets design requirements. Strength testing verifies whether the structure's strength meets design requirements and explores its ultimate load-bearing capacity. The movable wing surface structure of large aircraft generally consists of two parts: the wing surface structure and the joints. The joints are divided into control joints and suspension joints. Actuators use the control joints to deflect the wing surface structure along the axis of the suspension joints. Because the actual wing surface control connection system of an aircraft is very complex, using this system in actual testing is costly and impractical, and it cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of stiffness and strength testing. Therefore, a specialized testing device needs to be designed that can adjust the support stiffness of the test piece for stiffness testing while also possessing sufficient strength to meet the requirements of strength testing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a bidirectional loading test apparatus for variable stiffness airfoils under high loads, comprising:

[0005] A load-bearing floor placed on the ground;

[0006] The lower loading system has its fixed end installed on the load-bearing floor, and its loading end in contact with the lower surface of the test specimen.

[0007] A load-bearing wall fixedly installed on a load-bearing floor, with mounting holes on its sidewalls for connection;

[0008] The test specimen clamp is fixed at a certain height on the load-bearing wall, and the fixed end of the test specimen is fixed on the test specimen clamp. The lower surface of the upper loading system is placed directly above the lower loading system.

[0009] A loading support system, including a crossbeam and a column for mounting the crossbeam above the height of the test specimen;

[0010] The upper loading system has a fixed end that is fixed to the crossbeam directly above the test specimen, and a loading end that is connected to the test specimen.

[0011] Both the lower loading system and the upper loading system apply upward loads to the test specimen.

[0012] Preferably, the test specimen fixture includes: a support box segment, a transition plate, a variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve, a suspension joint lug, and an operating joint lug; one end face of the support box segment is fixed to the side wall of the load-bearing wall, the support box segment is connected to the transition plate through a laterally extending support plate, the transition plate is equipped with an operating joint lug, the operating joint lug is respectively connected to a suspension joint lug and a variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve, the suspension joint lug is connected to the suspension joint of the test specimen, and the variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve is connected to the operating joint of the test specimen.

[0013] Preferably, the variable stiffness tightening sleeve includes an upper lug, a middle connecting cylinder, and a lower lug. The upper lug and the lower lug are respectively threaded to the two ends of the middle connecting cylinder. By adjusting the length of the variable stiffness tightening sleeve, the test piece can be deflected within a certain range, thereby changing the support stiffness of the test piece.

[0014] Preferably, the loading support system includes four columns, with a support beam spanning the test piece mounted on every two columns, and two support longitudinal beams mounted in the middle of the two support beams. An actuator base beam for mounting the actuator is mounted on the support longitudinal beams.

[0015] Preferably, the upper loading system includes an actuator and a multi-stage lever connection system with adhesive tape;

[0016] The fixed end of the actuator is fixed on the loading support system, and the actuator end is connected to the multi-stage lever connection system of the adhesive tape through the actuator force sensor;

[0017] The multi-stage lever connection system of the adhesive tape includes: a first-stage loading lever, a second-stage loading lever, a steel wire rope, a movable pull plate, an aluminum tube of adhesive tape, and adhesive tape. The center hole of the first-stage loading lever is connected to the force sensor of the actuator cylinder through a loading lug. The connection holes at both ends of the first-stage loading lever are respectively connected to the center holes of each of the second-stage loading levers through the movable pull plate. The connection holes at both ends of the second-stage loading lever are fitted onto one end of the steel wire rope, and the other end of the steel wire rope is fitted into the middle of the aluminum tube of adhesive tape. The two ends of the aluminum tube of adhesive tape pass through the adhesive tape attached to the surface of the test piece.

[0018] Preferably, the device includes an actuator and a rigid multi-stage loading lever connection system. The rigid multi-stage loading lever connection system includes multiple two-dimensionally distributed single-point loading systems. Each actuator is connected to a single-point loading system via a loading lug. The single-point loading system includes: a secondary lever, a primary lever, and a rigid loading block. The center hole of the secondary lever is connected to the loading lug. The connecting holes at both ends of the secondary lever are respectively connected to the center hole of the primary lever. The connecting holes at both ends of the primary lever are respectively connected to the rigid loading block. The surface of the rigid loading block is adhered to the surface of the test piece.

[0019] Preferably, the primary lever and the secondary lever are connected by a secondary lever steering knuckle. The secondary lever steering knuckle includes a connecting block, a pad block, a steering block, and a central shaft. The connecting block and the steering block are rotatably and axially limited at both ends of the central shaft. The pad block is placed between the connecting block and the steering block. The connecting block is connected to the primary lever, and the steering block is connected to the secondary lever.

[0020] The advantages of this application include: it efficiently solves the problem of stiffness and strength testing of movable airfoil structures under high loads; the test system has strong load-bearing capacity and adjustable support stiffness, which can meet the corresponding test requirements; the processing cost of each component is low and the assembly effect is good; the test device is simple, easy to process and install, and convenient for engineering applications, with good engineering practicality and versatility. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the technical principle of the bidirectional loading test device for variable stiffness airfoil under high load.

[0022] Figure 2 Assembly diagram of the variable stiffness adjustment support system for movable airfoil;

[0023] Figure 3 This is an assembly diagram for a variable stiffness loosening / tightening screw sleeve.

[0024] Figure 4 To load the supporting system assembly diagram;

[0025] Figure 5 Detailed drawing of the actuator cylinder;

[0026] Figure 6 Detailed diagram of lever loading for adhesive tape;

[0027] Figure 7 To load the single ear detail image;

[0028] Figure 8 Detailed drawing of the steel wire rope;

[0029] Figure 9 Detailed drawing of the activity pull plate;

[0030] Figure 10 Detailed drawing of the adhesive tape;

[0031] Figure 11 Detailed diagram of the first-level load lever;

[0032] Figure 12 This is a diagram of a rigid multi-stage loading lever system.

[0033] Figure 13 This is a diagram of a single-point loading system.

[0034] Figure 14Diagram of the two-stage lever steering knuckle;

[0035] Figure 15 Detailed drawing of the actuator base. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solution of this application will be described in a clearer and more complete manner below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only some embodiments of this application, and are only used to explain this application, not to limit this application. It should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to this application are shown in the accompanying drawings. Other related parts can be referred to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0037] Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application description shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., used in this application description to indicate relative direction or positional relationship are used only to indicate relative orientation or positional relationship, and do not imply that the device or component must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. When the absolute position of the described object changes, its relative positional relationship may also change accordingly, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in this application description are used only for descriptive purposes to distinguish different components, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "a," "one," or "the," etc., used in this application description should not be construed as an absolute limitation on quantity, but should be construed as indicating the existence of at least one. The terms "including," "comprising," etc., used in this application description mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.

[0038] Furthermore, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as “installation,” “connection,” and “linkage” used in the description of this application should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand its specific meaning in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: The movable wing surface variable stiffness bidirectional loading test device consists of a load-bearing ground rail, a variable stiffness adjustment support system, and a loading system. Except for the columns, support system, transition plate, loading columns, loading beams, and loading actuator base, which are welded from Q235 hot-rolled channel steel, all other components are CNC machined from 30CrMnSiA steel.

[0040] The support system is connected and fixed to the load-bearing wall using special bolts for the load-bearing wall. The variable stiffness adjustment system is connected to the transition plate and distributed at corresponding positions on the support system, connected by a ring of M36 bolts. The test specimen connects the variable stiffness adjustment system and the support system. Loading columns are distributed around the loading points according to the loading requirements and fixed to the load-bearing floor with anchor bolts. The hydraulic actuator is installed on the bottom actuator base, and the force sensor is installed on the loading end of the hydraulic actuator. The other end is connected to the loading lever and loaded according to the test requirements.

[0041] The specific implementation methods of this application include:

[0042] 1) Connect the test piece clamp 2 to the test piece 4 according to the test requirements, and then fix the test piece clamp 2 to the load-bearing wall 3 with special bolts for load-bearing walls. Connect the loading support system 7 to the load-bearing floor 1 with anchor bolts; connect the upper loading system 5 to the loading support system 7, and connect the lower loading system 6 to the load-bearing floor 1.

[0043] 2) Test specimen fixture 2 The test specimen fixture (2) includes: support box section (8), transition plate (9), variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve (10), suspension joint lug seat (11) and operating joint lug seat (12); one end face of the support box section (8) is fixed to the side wall of the load-bearing wall (3), and the support box section (8) is connected to the transition plate (9) through a laterally extending support plate. The transition plate (9) is equipped with the operating joint lug seat (12), and the suspension joint lug seat (11) and the variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve are respectively connected to the operating joint lug seat (12). (10) The suspension joint lug (11) is connected to the suspension joint of the test piece (4), and the variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve (10) is connected to the operating joint of the test piece (4). The variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve (10) includes an upper lug (13), a middle connecting cylinder (14) and a lower lug (15). The upper lug (13) and the lower lug (15) are respectively threaded to the two ends of the middle connecting cylinder (14). Adjust the length of the variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve (10) so that the test piece (4) deflects within a certain range, thereby changing the support stiffness of the test piece.

[0044] The variable stiffness tightening sleeve 10 consists of an upper lug 13, a middle connecting cylinder 14, and a lower lug 15. The upper lug 13 is connected to the operating joint of the test piece 4, and the lower lug 15 is connected to the operating joint lug seat 12. The length of the variable stiffness tightening sleeve 10 is adjusted according to the stiffness requirements of the test, so that the test piece 4 can deflect within a certain range, thereby changing the support stiffness of the test piece.

[0045] 3) The loading support system 7 consists of a gantry frame 16, a 3-meter loading short beam 17, a transition section 18, a top support lug 19, a 10-meter support crossbeam 20, a 6-meter support longitudinal beam 21, and an actuator cylinder base beam 22. According to the ground marking diagram, the gantry frame 16 is fixed to the load-bearing floor 1 with anchor bolts. The 3-meter loading short beam 17 is connected to both the gantry frame 16 and the transition section 18 using 12.9 grade bolts. The top support lug 19 is then connected to the transition section 18. The 10-meter support crossbeam 20 is lifted by a crane and connected to the top support lug 19 using connecting bolts. The 6-meter support longitudinal beam 21 is fixed to the 10-meter support crossbeam 20 using anchor bolts. The actuator cylinder base beam 22 is connected to the 6-meter support longitudinal beam 21 using connecting bolts.

[0046] 4) The upper loading system 5 consists of an actuator cylinder and a multi-stage lever connection system using adhesive tape. The actuator cylinder is fixed to the actuator cylinder base beam 22. One end of the loading lug 29 is connected to the actuator cylinder force sensor 26, and the other end is connected to the center hole of the first-stage loading lever 28. The adhesive tape lever connection system consists of a steel wire rope 30, a movable pull plate 31, an aluminum tube 33 for the adhesive tape, and an adhesive tape 32. The adhesive tape 32 is adhered to the surface of the test piece with special adhesive. The aluminum tube 33 is inserted into the center of the adhesive tape 32 and connected to the second-stage loading lever 34 via the steel wire rope 30. The second-stage loading lever 34 connects the two through the movable pull plate 31 and the holes on both sides of the first-stage loading lever 28. The actuator cylinder mainly applies the test load and consists of an actuator cylinder base 23, an actuator cylinder-cylinder body 24, an actuator cylinder piston rod 25, an actuator cylinder force sensor 26, and an actuator cylinder pin 27.

[0047] 5) The lower loading system 6 consists of an actuator cylinder, a rigid multi-stage loading lever connection system 35, and an actuator cylinder base 43. The actuator cylinder base 43 is connected to the load-bearing floor 1 through a slotted hole. The actuator cylinder is connected to the dedicated position hole of the actuator cylinder multi-point connection base 43 with bolts. The actuator cylinder is connected to the rigid multi-stage loading lever connection system 35 through a loading lug 29. The rigid multi-stage loading lever connection system 35 consists of multiple single-point loading systems. Each single-point loading system consists of a rigid loading block 36 glued to the test piece with AB glue. The connecting lug 37 and the rigid loading block 36 are connected together with countersunk screws. The first-stage lever 38 is screwed to two connecting lugs 37 respectively. A second-stage lever steering knuckle 39 is installed in the middle of the lever, consisting of a connecting block 41, a pad block 42, and a steering block 43. The steering block can rotate freely for easy installation. The second-stage lever 40 is connected through two second-stage lever steering knuckles 39. The slotted hole in the middle of the lever is used for connecting the loading lug 29.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A test device for bidirectional loading of variable stiffness airfoil under high load, characterized in that, include: A load-bearing floor placed on the ground (1); The lower loading system (6) has its fixed end installed on the load-bearing floor (1) and its loading end in contact with the lower surface of the test piece (4); A load-bearing wall (3) is fixedly installed on the load-bearing floor (1), and the side wall of the load-bearing wall (3) has mounting holes for connection; The test piece clamp (2) is fixed at a certain height on the load-bearing wall (3), and the fixed end of the test piece (4) is fixed on the test piece clamp (2). The lower surface of the upper loading system (5) is placed directly above the lower loading system (6). Loading support system (7) includes a crossbeam and a column that supports the crossbeam at a height higher than the test specimen (4); The upper loading system (5) has its fixed end fixed on the crossbeam directly above the test piece (4), and its loading end connected to the test piece (4); Both the lower loading system (6) and the upper loading system (5) provide an upward load to the test specimen (4); The test piece fixture (2) includes: a support box section (8), a transition plate (9), a variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve (10), a suspension joint lug seat (11), and an operating joint lug seat (12); one end face of the support box section (8) is fixed to the side wall of the load-bearing wall (3), and the support box section (8) is connected to the transition plate (9) through a laterally extended support plate. The transition plate (9) is equipped with an operating joint lug seat (12), and the suspension joint lug seat (11) and the variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve (10) are connected to the operating joint lug seat (12). The suspension joint lug seat (11) is connected to the suspension joint of the test piece (4), and the variable stiffness tightening screw sleeve (10) is connected to the operating joint of the test piece (4). The upper loading system (5) includes an actuator and a multi-stage lever connection system with adhesive tape; The fixed end of the actuator is fixed on the loading support system (7), and the actuator end is connected to the multi-stage lever connection system of the adhesive tape through the actuator force sensor (26); The multi-stage lever connection system of the adhesive tape includes: a first-stage loading lever (28), a second-stage loading lever (34), a steel wire rope (30), a movable pull plate (31), an aluminum tube of adhesive tape (33), and an adhesive tape (32). The center hole of the first-stage loading lever (28) is connected to the actuating cylinder force sensor (26) through a loading single ear (29). The connection holes at both ends of the first-stage loading lever (28) are connected to the center holes of each second-stage loading lever (34) through the movable pull plate (31). The connection holes at both ends of the second-stage loading lever (34) are fitted onto one end of the steel wire rope (30), and the other end of the steel wire rope (30) is fitted into the middle of the aluminum tube of adhesive tape (33). The two ends of the aluminum tube of adhesive tape (33) pass through the adhesive tape (32) attached to the upper surface of the test piece (4). The lower loading system (6) includes an actuator and a rigid multi-stage loading lever connection system (35). The rigid multi-stage loading lever connection system (35) includes multiple two-dimensional distributed single-point loading systems. Each actuator is connected to the single-point loading system through a loading ear (29). The single-point loading system includes: a secondary lever (40), a primary lever (38), and a rigid loading block (36). The center hole of the secondary lever (40) is connected to the loading ear (29). The connection holes at both ends of the secondary lever (40) are respectively connected to the center hole of the primary lever (38). The connection holes at both ends of the primary lever (38) are respectively connected to the rigid loading block (36). The surface of the rigid loading block (36) is pasted on the surface of the test piece (4).

2. The bidirectional loading test device for variable stiffness airfoil under high load as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The variable stiffness tightening sleeve (10) includes an upper ear plate (13), a middle connecting cylinder (14) and a lower ear plate (15). The upper ear plate (13) and the lower ear plate (15) are respectively threaded to the two ends of the middle connecting cylinder (14). By adjusting the length of the variable stiffness tightening sleeve (10), the test piece (4) can be deflected within a certain range, thereby changing the support stiffness of the test piece.

3. The bidirectional loading test device for variable stiffness airfoil under high load as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The loading support system (7) includes four columns, with a support beam (20) spanning the test piece (4) on every two columns, and two support longitudinal beams (21) in the middle of the two support beams (20), and an actuator base beam (22) for installing the actuator is mounted on the support longitudinal beams (21).

4. The bidirectional loading test device for variable stiffness airfoil under high load as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The primary lever (38) and the secondary lever (40) are connected by a secondary lever steering knuckle (39). The secondary lever steering knuckle (39) includes a connecting block (41), a pad (42), a steering block (43), and a central shaft. The connecting block (41) and the steering block (43) are rotatably axially limited and installed at both ends of the central shaft. The pad (42) is placed between the connecting block (41) and the steering block (43). The connecting block (41) is connected to the primary lever (38), and the steering block (43) is connected to the secondary lever (40).

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