A visual experimental device for cyclone, atomization and combustion with modular design

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of visual experimental device of swirl, atomization and combustion of modular design, it is related to engine combustion system field, including oil circuit module, gas circuit module, constant volume bomb and igniter, oil circuit module is installed in the coaxial pipeline of device, and liquid is broken atomization, realizes gas-liquid interaction;Gas circuit module is installed in the upper portion of device, and is fixedly connected with constant volume bomb, obtains low swirl to high swirl, single swirl to multiple swirl swirl gas;Constant volume bomb is installed in the lower portion of device, and gas-liquid interaction is limited in the internal space of constant volume bomb, realizes gas-liquid interaction;Constant volume bomb is provided with bomb window, satisfies different optical testing requirements;Igniter is fixed on the constant volume bomb body, and spray combustion is realized by remote electronic control.The application uses advanced manufacturing technology and modular design, realizes the quick switching of coaxial low swirl to strong swirl airflow, wide range control airflow swirl number, and can be used to study the breaking atomization characteristics of liquid jet and combustion characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engine combustion systems, and more particularly to a modularly designed visual experimental device for swirling, atomization, and combustion. Background Technology

[0002] The design and manufacturing capabilities of aero-engines represent a nation's technological and industrial level and comprehensive national strength. Improving aero-engine design and manufacturing capabilities has a significant impact on the safety and performance of my country's military aircraft, as well as the airworthiness certification of civil aircraft. With the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) imposing increasingly stringent emission standards on aero-engines, and my country's solemn commitment to the world regarding "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality," further improving the combustion efficiency of aero-engines and reducing harmful emissions is a key focus and challenge in the aero-engine research field.

[0003] With the continuous development of the aviation industry, aero engines are evolving towards higher temperature rise (military aircraft), lower emissions, and lower fuel consumption (civilian aircraft). Engine combustors are shifting from traditional rich-fuel head designs to lean-fuel head designs with multi-stage swirl fuel stages. Advanced aero engine combustors feature significantly increased air intake at the head, with over 60% of the airflow participating in combustion. Flow field structure, fuel atomization, air-fuel mixing, and combustion organization all occur at the combustor head, rendering conventional combustors unable to meet the basic requirements for high temperature rise and low emissions, significantly increasing the complexity and difficulty of combustion system design.

[0004] With the increase in Reynolds number, swirl number, and swirl stages in advanced aero-engines, the coupling effect between airflow and fuel spray is significantly enhanced, greatly increasing the development difficulty of combustor swirl inlet systems and fuel spray systems. In advanced aero-engine combustors, the matching of complex airflow and fuel spray is crucial. However, under real aero-engine operating conditions, the mechanism by which high Reynolds number, strong swirling, and multi-swirling incoming flows affect fuel spray fragmentation and atomization remains unclear, limiting the development and optimization of advanced aero-engine combustion systems. Clarifying the impact of complex, strong swirling, and multi-swirling incoming flows on fuel spray fragmentation and atomization can strongly support the development of advanced aero-engine combustion systems and is of great significance for unlocking the potential of existing combustors and optimizing them.

[0005] Therefore, those skilled in the art are dedicated to developing a modularly designed visual experimental apparatus for swirling, atomization, and combustion. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing atomized combustion test bench cannot quickly control the number of airflow swirls over a wide range, and achieve rapid switching from coaxial low-swirl to strong-swirl airflow.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a modularly designed visual experimental device for swirl, atomization, and combustion. The device employs a coaxial pipe structure and simulates and measures spray and combustion characteristics under different airflow conditions. The device includes an oil circuit module, an air circuit module, a constant-volume bomb, and an igniter.

[0008] The oil circuit module is installed in the coaxial pipe of the visualization experimental device. The atmospheric pressure liquid enters the oil circuit module after the pressure is increased by the mass flow controller. When the oil circuit module sprays the liquid, it realizes atomization and atomization. The gas and the liquid spray come into direct contact, realizing gas-liquid interaction.

[0009] The gas path module is installed on the upper part of the visualization experimental device and is fixedly connected to the constant volume bullet. The gas, after the flow rate is controlled by the flow meter, enters the gas path module. The gas path module performs pressure stabilization, rectification and rotation processing on the gas to obtain swirling gas from low swirl to high swirl and from single swirl to multi swirl. The swirling gas enters the airflow spray interaction area.

[0010] The constant-volume bomb is installed at the lower part of the visualization experimental device. The constant-volume bomb confines the gas-liquid interaction within its internal space, enabling gas-liquid interaction under different airflow temperatures and pressures. The constant-volume bomb is equipped with a volumetric viewing window, which meets different optical testing requirements.

[0011] The igniter is fixed on the constant-volume projectile body and is ignited by remote electronic control after the liquid atomization and liquid-gas mixing are completed, thereby achieving spray combustion.

[0012] Furthermore, the oil circuit module includes an oil pipe and a nozzle. One end of the oil pipe is installed inside the coaxial pipe of the visualization experimental device, and the nozzle is installed at the bottom inside the coaxial pipe. The oil pipe and the nozzle are directly connected, and the liquid reaches the nozzle directly through the oil pipe. The nozzle sprays the high-pressure liquid out in a jet manner to form a jet or spray.

[0013] Furthermore, the nozzle supports modular replacement of nozzles with different structures and / or types, including single-hole, swirling, and air-atomizing nozzles. The installation and removal of the nozzle only requires screwing the nozzle into or out of the corresponding threaded hole, enabling quick replacement.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas path module includes a cavity top cover, an air chamber, a cyclone shroud, and a cyclone. The cavity top cover and the air chamber are fixedly connected by threads, and the air chamber and the cyclone shroud are fixedly connected by double-ended bolts. The cyclone is located in the cyclone mounting cylinder of the cyclone shroud. The constant volume spring and the cyclone shroud are fixedly connected by a plug-in method and sealed by a sealing ring. The oil pipe is fixedly connected to the cavity top cover by double-ended bolts, and the nozzle is installed at the bottom of the cyclone by a threaded connection.

[0015] Furthermore, all components of the visualization experimental device are installed coaxially, and sealing gaskets are provided at the installation points for sealing, including the installation between the oil pipe and the top cover of the cavity, the installation between the top cover of the cavity and the air chamber, the installation between the air chamber and the cyclone shroud, the installation between the oil pipe and the cyclone, and the installation between the nozzle and the cyclone.

[0016] Furthermore, the air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlets are symmetrically arranged on the side of the air chamber and are used to transmit airflow. The air outlet is located at the bottom of the air chamber and is connected to the cyclone shroud. A rectifier is also installed inside the air chamber. The rectifier has a honeycomb shape and adjusts the direction of airflow entering the cyclone to reduce the turbulence characteristics of the airflow.

[0017] Furthermore, the cyclone causes the gas to rotate and become a swirling airflow. The cyclone is modeled parametrically and manufactured with advanced processing methods to produce cyclones with different parameters. The cyclone is based on modular replacement to achieve rapid switching of the swirling airflow from low swirl to high swirl.

[0018] Furthermore, the hydrocyclone modeling parameters include the number of swirls, blade angle, and swirl direction. The number of swirls includes dual-channel and triple-channel. The dual-channel hydrocyclone is implemented through a dual-ring design, and the triple-channel hydrocyclone is implemented through a triple-ring design. The hydrocyclone modeling parameters can be controlled individually.

[0019] Furthermore, the resilient window and the cyclone shroud are fixedly connected by a plug-in method, and a sealing ring is provided at the connection for sealing. The resilient window has various structural forms according to different optical testing requirements, including a four-window structure and a three-window structure. In the four-window structure, the four windows are 90° apart. In the three-window structure, two windows are 135° apart and the other two windows are 90° apart.

[0020] Furthermore, the ignition position and ignition energy of the igniter can be changed according to experimental requirements.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This invention utilizes advanced manufacturing technology and modular design to produce cyclones with corresponding swirl numbers. The modular design integrates the cyclones, enabling rapid switching between coaxial low-swirl and strong-swirl airflows, wide-range control of airflow swirl numbers, and a maximum swirl number of up to 7.

[0023] 2. This invention integrates a cyclone separator, a fuel nozzle, and a constant volume bomb, enabling coaxial jet atomization and combustion under different cyclone conditions. It can meet various experimental testing requirements such as atomization, cyclone characteristics, cyclone-atomization interaction, and cyclone-atomization combustion.

[0024] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a visual experimental device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the air chamber according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a hydrocyclone shroud according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a side sectional view of a hydrocyclone according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a simplified diagram of a hydrocyclone with different swirl numbers according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A simplified diagram of a multi-swirling cyclone apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a nozzle with different structures according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the elastic window at different angles, representing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Among them, 1-oil pipe, 2-cavity top cover, 3-air chamber, 4-cyclone cover, 5-cyclone, 6-nozzle, 7-capacity viewing window, 8-air inlet, 9-rectifier, 10-air outlet, 11-removable bolt, 12-cyclone mounting cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates several preferred embodiments of the present invention to make its technical content clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned herein.

[0035] In the accompanying drawings, components with the same structure are indicated by the same numerical designation, and components with similar structures or functions are indicated by similar numerical designations. The dimensions and thicknesses of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrary, and the present invention does not limit the dimensions and thicknesses of each component. To make the illustrations clearer, the thickness of some components has been appropriately exaggerated in the drawings.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown in the illustration, this invention provides a modularly designed visualization experimental device for swirl, atomization, and combustion. This device allows for wide adjustment of the number of airflow swirls and can quickly realize airflow swirl characteristics with single, double, or triple swirls, as well as fuel injection from different fuel nozzles. Through modular design and integration, experimental systems for the interaction of various complex airflow flows and fuel sprays can be realized. Furthermore, by integrating a constant-volume projectile with a rationally arranged visualization window, visualization of complex incoming flows and fuel sprays within a confined space can be achieved. Based on the aforementioned visualization experimental device, various advanced optical diagnostic technologies can be used to conduct experimental research on fuel atomization, swirl characteristics, swirl atomization ignition, and combustion characteristics, providing support for the design and development of advanced aero-engine combustion systems.

[0037] Specifically, the visualization experimental device provided in this embodiment of the invention adopts a coaxial pipe structure. This device can simulate and measure the spray and combustion characteristics under different airflow conditions. The visualization experimental device includes an oil circuit module, an air circuit module, a constant-volume bomb, and an igniter.

[0038] Oil circuit module: such as Figure 1 As shown, in the coaxial pipe installed in the visualization experimental device, atmospheric pressure liquid is pressurized by a mass flow controller and then enters the oil circuit module. The oil circuit module sprays the liquid and achieves atomization and breakup, allowing direct contact between the gas and liquid spray, thus realizing gas-liquid interaction. This oil circuit module includes an oil pipe 1 and a nozzle 6. Atmospheric pressure liquid (usually the fuel to be tested, etc.) is pressurized by a mass flow controller and enters the oil pipe 1. The liquid then flows directly through the oil pipe 1 to the nozzle 6. Under the action of the pressure difference, the liquid is sprayed out through the nozzle 6, resulting in atomization and breakup. At the outlet of the nozzle 6, the gas and spray come into direct contact, thus realizing gas-liquid interaction. By ensuring the nozzle 6 interface size and replacing the nozzle 6 with different structures or types, rapid switching of different nozzle spray characteristics can be achieved.

[0039] One end of the oil pipe 1 is installed inside the coaxial pipe of the visualization experimental device, and the other end is connected to the external liquid supply device to realize the inflow of pressurized liquid; the nozzle 6 is installed at the bottom inside the coaxial pipe, and the oil pipe 1 and the nozzle 6 are directly connected. The liquid reaches the nozzle 6 directly through the oil pipe 1, and the nozzle 6 sprays the high-pressure liquid out in a jet manner to form a jet or spray.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, nozzle 6 supports modular replacement of nozzles with different structures and / or types. Different structures or types of nozzles result in different liquid ejection methods and atomization processes, significantly impacting the final atomization characteristics. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, multiple nozzles 6 can be replaced in a modular manner. Specific forms of nozzle 6 include single-hole, swirling, and air-atomizing nozzles. Quick replacement can be achieved as long as the specifications of the nozzle 6 connection port are maintained, or a suitable adapter is connected according to the experimental setup requirements. Installing and removing nozzle 6 simply requires screwing it into or out of the corresponding threaded hole.

[0041] Gas path module: Installed on the upper part of the visualization experimental device and fixedly connected to the constant volume bomb, the gas enters the gas path module after the flow rate is controlled by the flow meter. The gas path module performs pressure stabilization, rectification and rotation processing on the gas to obtain swirling gas from low swirl to high swirl and from single swirl to multi swirl. This swirling gas enters the airflow spray interaction region.

[0042] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the gas circuit module includes a cavity top cover 2, an air chamber 3, a cyclone shroud 4, and a cyclone 5. The cavity top cover 4 and the air chamber 3 are fixedly connected by threads, and the air chamber 3 and the cyclone shroud 4 are fixedly connected by double-ended bolts. The cyclone 5 is located in the cyclone mounting cylinder 12 of the cyclone shroud 4. The constant volume bullet and the cyclone shroud 4 are fixedly connected by a plug-in method and sealed by a sealing ring. The oil pipe 1 is fixedly connected to the cavity top cover 2 by double-ended bolts, and the nozzle 6 is installed at the bottom of the cyclone 5 by a threaded connection.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, all components of the visualization experimental device are installed coaxially and sealed with gaskets at the installation points, including the installation between the oil pipe 1 and the top cover 2 of the cavity, the installation between the top cover 2 of the cavity and the air chamber 3, the installation between the air chamber 3 and the hydrocyclone cover 4, the installation between the oil pipe 1 and the hydrocyclone 5, and the installation between the nozzle 6 and the hydrocyclone 5. Figure 7 The images show cross-sectional views of nozzles with different structures (only swirling single-orifice nozzles are shown). The left image is a simplified diagram of a shorter nozzle orifice, and the right image is a simplified diagram of a longer nozzle orifice.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, the air chamber 3 is provided with an air inlet 8 and an air outlet 10. The air inlets 8 are symmetrically arranged on the side of the air chamber 3 and are used to transmit airflow. The air outlet 10 is located at the bottom of the air chamber 3 and is connected to the cyclone cover 4. A rectifier 9 is also installed inside the air chamber 3. The rectifier 9 has a honeycomb structure and adjusts the direction of airflow entering the cyclone 5 to reduce the turbulence characteristics of the airflow.

[0045] like Figures 3-6 As shown, Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the hydrocyclone shroud 4. Figure 4 This is a side sectional view of hydrocyclone 5. Figure 5 Simplified diagrams of hydrocyclones 5 with different swirl numbers are shown. Figure 5 The left image shows a simplified diagram of a low-swirl (lower swirl number) hydrocyclone, and the right image shows a simplified diagram of a high-swirl (higher swirl number) hydrocyclone. Figure 6 Here is a simplified diagram of a multi-swirling hydrocyclone (5). Figure 6 The left image shows a simplified diagram of a double-swirling (double-ring, double-stage blade) cyclone separator, and the right image shows a simplified diagram of a triple-swirling (three-ring, three-stage blade) cyclone separator. Cyclone separator 5 causes the gas to rotate and become a swirling airflow. Cyclone separator 5 uses parametric modeling and advanced manufacturing techniques to produce cyclones with different parameters. Cyclone separator 5 can be modularly replaced, enabling rapid switching of the swirling airflow from low to high swirl. Advanced manufacturing technology refers to the general term for technologies, equipment, and systems that integrate mechanical engineering, electronic technology, automation technology, and information technology. It mainly includes computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, and integrated manufacturing systems. Parametric modeling technology introduces parameters to create and edit models based on models established using traditional CAD software. When new parameters are added, all objects are automatically created and modified, and the characteristics and relationships of each element in the model are determined.

[0046] When performing parametric modeling of hydrocyclone 5, the modeling parameters of hydrocyclone 5 include the number of swirls, blade angle, and swirl direction. The number of swirls includes dual-channel and triple-channel. The dual-channel hydrocyclone is implemented through a dual-ring design, and the triple-channel hydrocyclone is implemented through a triple-ring design. The above modeling parameters of hydrocyclone 5 can be controlled individually.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the constant-volume bomb is installed at the bottom of the visualization experimental device. The constant-volume bomb confines the gas-liquid interaction within its internal space, enabling gas-liquid interactions under different gas flow temperatures and pressures. The constant-volume bomb is equipped with a volumetric viewing window 7, which can meet different optical testing requirements. The volumetric viewing window 7 is fixedly connected to the hydrocyclone cover 4 via a plug-in connection, and a sealing ring is installed at the connection point for sealing.

[0048] Figure 8The images show perspective views of the resilient window 7 at different angles in a preferred embodiment. The resilient window 7 can be configured with various structural forms according to different optical testing requirements, including a four-window structure and a three-window structure. Figure 8 As shown in the right figure, in the four-window structure of the elastic window 7, the four windows are at 90° to each other, which can support the testing requirements of backlighting, laser-induced fluorescence, Mie scattering imaging, schlieren imaging, etc.; such as Figure 8 As shown in the right figure, in the three-window structure of the resilient window 7, two windows are at 135° apart and the other two windows are at 90° apart, which can ensure the optical testing requirements of the laser phase Doppler interferometer for testing atomized particle size and velocity.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the igniter is fixed on the constant volume bomb body and is ignited after the liquid atomization and liquid-gas mixing are completed through remote electronic control, thereby realizing spray combustion. The ignition position and igniter energy of the igniter can be changed according to experimental requirements.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the modularly designed swirl, atomization, and combustion visualization experimental device provided in the preferred embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0051] 1. To address the limitation of existing atomized combustion test benches in rapidly controlling the number of airflow swirls over a wide range, this invention employs advanced manufacturing technology and modular design to support the control of swirlers from low to high swirl. Parametric modeling technology enables rapid design of swirlers over a wide range from low to high swirl. By using advanced manufacturing technology to produce swirlers with corresponding swirl numbers and by integrating swirlers through modular design, rapid switching of coaxial low-swirl to strong-swirl airflow is achieved, allowing for wide-range control of the number of airflow swirls, with a maximum swirl number reaching 7.

[0052] 2. To address the limitation of existing atomization combustion test benches in rapidly converting cyclones from single-swirling to multi-swirling airflow (single-swirling, double-swirling, triple-swirling, etc.), this invention employs advanced manufacturing technology and modular design to support easy conversion of cyclones from single-swirling to multi-swirling designs. Through parametric modeling technology, it enables rapid design of different cyclones. Modular design allows for rapid replacement of cyclones from single-swirling to multi-swirling (from first-stage to third-stage swirling blades), quickly achieving coaxial single-swirling to multi-swirling flow control and further broadening the influencing factors of swirl.

[0053] 3. To address the problem that existing test benches cannot simultaneously meet the experimental research requirements for swirling, atomization, and combustion characteristics, this invention integrates a swirler, a fuel nozzle, and a constant-volume bomb to achieve coaxial jet breaking, atomization, and combustion under different swirling conditions. A concentric pipe structure is designed at the center of the swirler to separate the liquid and gas inlets and achieve the interaction between swirling and atomization at the outlet. Combustion can be achieved by adding an ignition device, thus meeting the experimental testing requirements for atomization, swirling characteristics, swirling-atomization interaction, and swirling-atomization combustion.

[0054] 4. In view of the fact that the existing test bench has only one type of nozzle and cannot meet the experimental requirements of various nozzles with different structures, the present invention meets the requirements of quick and easy replacement of fuel nozzle structure through modular design. Based on the modular design, the nozzle structure dimensions are specified, and by installing and replacing different nozzles, experimental measurements of various nozzles with different structures and types can be achieved.

[0055] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention designs a specific experimental apparatus for studying the atomization and combustion characteristics of liquid jets in coaxial low-swirl to strong-swirl, single-swirl to multi-swirl incoming flows. This experimental apparatus employs a coaxial pipe structure, in which the interaction between the liquid jet and the external airflow is precisely controlled. This apparatus can simulate and measure the spray and combustion characteristics under different airflow conditions. The experimental apparatus mainly involves four parts: an oil circuit, a gas circuit, a constant-volume bomb, and an ignition system.

[0057] The following is a detailed description of the workflow and components of the experimental setup:

[0058] (1) Oil circuit: Atmospheric pressure liquid (usually the fuel to be tested, etc.) enters the oil pipe 1 after the pressure is increased by the mass flow controller. Then the liquid directly reaches the nozzle 6 through the oil pipe. Under the action of pressure difference, the liquid is sprayed out through the nozzle 6, thus undergoing atomization. At the outlet of the nozzle 6, the gas and the spray come into direct contact, thereby realizing gas-liquid interaction. By ensuring the interface size of the nozzle 6 and replacing the nozzle 6 with different structures or types, the spray characteristics of different nozzles can be quickly switched.

[0059] (2) Gas path: After the flow rate is controlled by the flow meter, the gas first enters the gas chamber 3 through the air inlet 8 on both sides of the gas chamber 3. The large volume of the gas chamber 3 can perform a preliminary pressure stabilization effect on the gas. Then the gas is rectified by the rectifier 9 inside the gas chamber. Next, it enters the cyclone 5 inside the cyclone shroud 4 from the air outlet 10 at the bottom of the gas chamber 3. The cyclone 5 makes the gas rotate and become swirling gas. By replacing the cyclone 5 with different structures, the swirling gas can be transformed from low swirling to high swirling and from single swirling to multi-swirling. Finally, it enters the airflow spray interaction area.

[0060] (3) Constant-volume bomb: The constant-volume bomb confines the gas-liquid interaction within its internal space. The temperature and pressure environment of the internal gas can be maintained within the constant-volume bomb, thereby enabling gas-liquid interaction under different gas flow temperature and pressure conditions. The spatial arrangement of the bomb window 7 can be adjusted according to experimental testing requirements to meet the needs of different optical testing optical path arrangements.

[0061] (4) Ignition: By fixing the igniter to the constant-volume bomb body, ignition is achieved through remote electronic control after fuel atomization and fuel-air mixing, thus realizing spray combustion. The ignition position and igniter energy can be changed according to experimental requirements.

[0062] The visualization test device provided in the preferred embodiment of this invention can meet the requirements for visual optical measurements of atomization characteristics, swirling features, swirling atomization interaction, and swirling atomization combustion. All components of this visualization test device must be installed coaxially. The oil pipe 1 is connected and sealed to the chamber top cover 2 by double-ended bolts. The chamber top cover 2 and the air chamber 3 are connected by threads and sealed with a gasket. The air chamber 3 and the cyclone shroud 4 are connected and sealed by double-ended bolts and a quick-connect fitting. The circular gap between the cyclone 5 and the oil pipe 1 is sealed with an annular gasket to prevent air leakage. The capsule viewing window 7 is sealed to the cyclone shroud 4 only by a sealing ring for easy installation and disassembly. The cyclone 5 is located in the cyclone mounting cylinder 12 of the cyclone shroud 4, and the nozzle 6 is located at the lower end of the cyclone 5 and connected by threads. The cyclone 5, nozzle 6, and capsule viewing window 7 are easy to install and disassemble.

[0063] Specifically, the visualization testing device provided in the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the following main components:

[0064] Pipe 1: Its main function is to transmit high-pressure liquid jets. The liquid flows through the inner pipe, forming a liquid jet. It can also modify fuel properties (for research on alternative oil-based fuels, biomass fuels, and clean fuels), such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0065] Cavity top cover 2: Its main function is to seal the connection between the air chamber 3 and the oil pipe 1, and to ensure that the air chamber 3 is airtight and leak-proof. Figure 1 As shown.

[0066] Chamber 3: Its main function is pressure stabilization, eliminating the influence of external air source fluctuations on the swirling airflow. Chamber 3 has a certain volume. Two air inlets 8 are located on the left and right sides of chamber 3 to deliver airflow. A honeycomb-shaped rectifier 5 is installed inside chamber 3 to adjust the direction of airflow entering the swirler and reduce its turbulent characteristics. The air outlet 10 at the bottom of chamber 3 is connected to the swirler cover 4. Figure 2 As shown.

[0067] Hydrocyclone shroud 4: Primarily used to secure the hydrocyclone 5, allowing for modular replacement of the hydrocyclone 5. Installing and disassembling different hydrocyclones 5 simply requires opening the bolted connection between the hydrocyclone shroud 4 and the gas chamber 3. Figure 3 As shown.

[0068] Cyclone 5: Transforms gas into a swirling flow by causing it to rotate, achieving different swirling airflow characteristics. Using parametric modeling and advanced manufacturing techniques (such as additive manufacturing), various cyclones with different swirl numbers are produced. Based on modular replacement, rapid switching from low to high swirl flow is possible. Furthermore, by designing the number of swirling channels in the cyclone, using a ring-shaped design for dual or triple channels, the number of swirls in the airflow can be adjusted. Dual-channel cyclones are implemented using a double-ring design, and triple-channel cyclones using a triple-ring design. Moreover, during parametric modeling, by changing the blade angle and direction of rotation of each channel, the swirl characteristics of each channel can be individually controlled, such as the number of swirls and the swirl direction, thus achieving rapid adjustment of the number of swirls over a wide range. Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown.

[0069] Nozzle 6: Its main function is to spray high-pressure liquid in a jet manner to form a jet or spray. Different structures or types of nozzles 6 result in different liquid spraying methods and atomization processes, which have an important impact on the final atomization characteristics.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, based on this visualization experimental device, various nozzles 6 can be replaced in a modular manner, including single-hole, swirling, and air-atomizing nozzles. Quick replacement can be achieved as long as the nozzle 6 connection specifications are maintained, or a suitable adapter is connected according to the experimental device requirements. Installing and removing the nozzle 6 simply requires screwing it into or out of the corresponding threaded hole.

[0071] Constant-volume cartridge: Its main function is to contain a certain volume of gas and liquid, and to withstand a certain gas pressure and temperature, in order to maintain the pressure and temperature conditions during the interaction of fuel spray and swirling airflow, and to simulate the conditions inside the engine combustion chamber as accurately as possible during fuel injection. The cartridge window 7 and the swirler cover 4 are connected by a plug-in joint for easy installation and disassembly, and the connection is sealed with a sealing ring.

[0072] like Figure 8 As shown, in specific experiments, two different capacitive windows 7 can be set to meet different optical testing requirements:

[0073] Four-window structure: It is equipped with four windows, each at a 90-degree angle to the others, which can support the testing needs of backlighting, laser-induced fluorescence, Mie scattering imaging, schlieren imaging technology, etc.

[0074] Three-window structure: There are a total of three windows, two of which are at 135 degrees and the other two are at 90 degrees, to ensure the optical testing requirements of the laser phase Doppler interferometer for testing atomized particle size and velocity.

[0075] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A modularly designed visual experimental apparatus for swirling, atomization, and combustion, characterized in that, The visualization experimental device adopts a coaxial pipe structure. It simulates and measures the spray and combustion characteristics under different airflow conditions. The visualization experimental device includes an oil circuit module, an air circuit module, a constant-volume bomb, and an igniter. The oil circuit module is installed in the coaxial pipe of the visualization experimental device. The atmospheric pressure liquid enters the oil circuit module after the pressure is increased by the mass flow controller. When the oil circuit module sprays the liquid, it realizes atomization and atomization. The gas and the liquid spray come into direct contact, realizing gas-liquid interaction. The gas path module is installed on the upper part of the visualization experimental device and is fixedly connected to the constant volume bullet. The gas, after the flow rate is controlled by the flow meter, enters the gas path module. The gas path module performs pressure stabilization, rectification and rotation processing on the gas to obtain swirling gas from low swirl to high swirl and from single swirl to multi swirl. The swirling gas enters the airflow spray interaction area. The constant-volume bomb is installed at the lower part of the visualization experimental device. The constant-volume bomb confines the gas-liquid interaction within its internal space, enabling gas-liquid interaction under different airflow temperatures and pressures. The constant-volume bomb is equipped with a volumetric viewing window, which meets different optical testing requirements. The igniter is fixed on the constant volume projectile body and is ignited after the liquid atomization and liquid-gas mixing are completed through remote electronic control, thereby achieving spray combustion. in, The oil circuit module includes an oil pipe and a nozzle. One end of the oil pipe is installed inside the coaxial pipe of the visualization experimental device, and the nozzle is installed at the bottom inside the coaxial pipe. The oil pipe and the nozzle are directly connected. Liquid flows through the oil pipe to the nozzle, and the nozzle sprays the high-pressure liquid out in a jet manner to form a jet or spray. The nozzle supports modular replacement of nozzles with different structures and / or types, including single-hole, swirling, and air-atomizing nozzles. The nozzle can be installed and removed simply by screwing it into or out of the corresponding threaded hole, enabling quick replacement.

2. The visualization experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gas path module includes a cavity top cover, an air chamber, a cyclone shroud, and a cyclone. The cavity top cover and the air chamber are fixedly connected by threads, and the air chamber and the cyclone shroud are fixedly connected by double-ended bolts. The cyclone is located in the cyclone mounting cylinder of the cyclone shroud. The constant volume spring and the cyclone shroud are fixedly connected by a plug-in method and sealed by a sealing ring. The oil pipe is fixedly connected to the cavity top cover by double-ended bolts, and the nozzle is installed at the bottom of the cyclone by a threaded connection.

3. The visualization experimental apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, All components of the visualization experimental device are installed coaxially, and sealing gaskets are provided at the installation points for sealing. This includes the installation between the oil pipe and the top cover of the cavity, the installation between the top cover of the cavity and the air chamber, the installation between the air chamber and the cyclone shroud, the installation between the oil pipe and the cyclone, and the installation between the nozzle and the cyclone.

4. The visualization experimental apparatus as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The air chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlets are symmetrically arranged on the sides of the air chamber and are used to transmit airflow. The air outlet is located at the bottom of the air chamber and is connected to the cyclone shroud. A rectifier is also installed inside the air chamber. The rectifier has a honeycomb shape and adjusts the direction of airflow entering the cyclone to reduce the turbulence characteristics of the airflow.

5. The visualization experimental apparatus as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The cyclone generator causes the gas to rotate and become a swirling airflow. The cyclone generator is modeled parametrically and manufactured with advanced processing methods to produce cyclone generators with different parameters. The cyclone generator is based on modular replacement to achieve rapid switching of the swirling airflow from low swirl to high swirl.

6. The visualization experimental apparatus as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The modeling parameters of the hydrocyclone include the number of swirls, blade angle, and swirl direction. The number of swirls includes dual-channel and triple-channel. The dual-channel hydrocyclone is implemented through a dual-ring design, and the triple-channel hydrocyclone is implemented through a triple-ring design. The modeling parameters of the hydrocyclone can be controlled individually.

7. The visualization experimental apparatus as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The resilient window is fixedly connected to the cyclone shroud by a plug-in connection, and a sealing ring is provided at the connection for sealing. The resilient window has various structural forms according to different optical testing requirements, including a four-window structure and a three-window structure. In the four-window structure, the four windows are 90° apart. In the three-window structure, two windows are 135° apart and the other two windows are 90° apart.

8. The visualization experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ignition position and ignition energy of the igniter can be changed according to experimental requirements.

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