The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device

Abstract

This invention discloses a first wall for a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device, relating to the technical field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device equipment. It includes several single-leg modules and double-leg modules. Both single-leg and double-leg modules include a first wall body and supporting components. The supporting components of the single-leg modules include a first transition support, which includes a bottom surface with several claw-like surfaces extending outwards from one side. The supporting components of the double-leg modules include a second transition support, which includes a flat plate. One side of the flat plate is close to a backplate layer, and the other side of the flat plate is connected to a second supporting pier via two legs. The combination of single / double-leg modules meets the flexible space requirements of different diagnostic components at different locations within the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device. Simultaneously, this invention, through its space-saving supporting structure, leaves ample space under the first wall, providing sufficient space for the installation, adjustment, and maintenance of other internal components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion device technology, specifically to a first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device. Background Technology

[0002] Current controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental devices primarily conduct research on high-temperature plasma operation at hundreds of millions or even billions of degrees Celsius. During these experiments, a large amount of heat is radiated to nearby walls. If the problem of effectively dissipating this high heat load cannot be effectively addressed, it will cause serious damage to critical components such as the vacuum chamber, diagnostic components, and magnet coils, thus affecting the normal operation of the device and significantly reducing its lifespan. The first wall, as the component directly facing the high-temperature plasma, lies between the plasma and the vacuum chamber, and is responsible for timely dissipation of large amounts of heat, thereby protecting the vacuum chamber and other internal components of the device. It is an indispensable key component in most controlled magnetic confinement fusion devices. The design of the first wall must be able to withstand high heat loads while possessing sufficient structural strength to withstand significant electromagnetic forces during unstable displacement events or large fractures in the plasma. Furthermore, the design of the first wall must meet the space requirements for the installation and operation of various diagnostic devices, heating systems, fuel feeding systems, glow discharge systems, and dozens of other auxiliary equipment. Common controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental devices include spherical mucks, tokamaks, and stellarators.

[0003] Currently, the first walls of some operational or under-construction magnetic confinement fusion devices primarily utilize materials such as tungsten, CFC (carbon fiber composite), and high-purity graphite. Tungsten and CFC are widely used in magnetic confinement fusion devices due to their good weldability, high melting point, and good thermal conductivity, and can withstand high heat loads (<20MW / m²). However, most areas of the first wall have lower heat loads (<0.35MW / m²), such as the weak-field side first wall of a tokamak device. If tungsten or CFC were used entirely as the first wall material, the high cost of the materials, the complex design of the lower support and water-cooling pipes, and the difficulty of welding would result in a high R&D budget, large space occupation, and a long manufacturing and installation cycle for the first wall. The design scheme using high-purity graphite for the first wall mainly involves drilling holes inside large graphite blocks to avoid internal components. The graphite is connected to studs welded to the vacuum inner wall via nuts. Due to the diverse types of components inside the vacuum chamber, the manufacturing difficulty of the first wall is greatly increased, resulting in significant material waste, a long R&D cycle, and hindering the flexible adjustment and maintenance of diagnostic components hidden within.

[0004] To realize the utilization of fusion energy resources sooner, some more advanced magnetic confinement fusion devices are being built or upgraded, and more flexible diagnostic component designs are under development, with the expectation of shortening the device development cycle. Therefore, in areas with relatively low heat loads, it is essential to adopt a first wall that is simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to manufacture, install, and maintain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a first wall for a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device. This first wall utilizes a combination of single / double-leg modules to flexibly accommodate the space requirements of different diagnostic components at different locations within the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device. Simultaneously, this invention employs a space-saving support structure, leaving ample space beneath the first wall to facilitate the installation, adjustment, and maintenance of other internal components.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device includes several single-leg modules and double-leg modules;

[0008] Both the single-leg module and the double-leg module include a first wall body and a support component for supporting the first wall body. The first wall bodies on several of the single-leg modules and double-leg modules are sequentially spliced ​​together along the circumferential and polar directions to form a circumferential wall. The circumferential wall has several observation holes that are connected inside and outside. The first wall body in the double-leg module has irregular grooves on both sides for forming the observation holes.

[0009] The inner side of the first wall body is a back plate layer, which includes several back plates spliced ​​along the circumferential and polar directions;

[0010] The support component of the single-leg module includes a first transition support, which includes a bottom surface. A plurality of claw surfaces extend outward from one side of the bottom surface. One side of the bottom surface is connected to each of the back plates through the plurality of claw surfaces. The other side of the bottom surface is connected to the first support block.

[0011] The support assembly of the dual-leg module includes a second transition support, which includes a flat plate. One side of the flat plate is close to the back plate layer and connected to each of the back plates. The other side of the flat plate is connected to a second support block via two legs.

[0012] Compared to existing technologies, which suffer from significant challenges due to the diverse range of components within the vacuum chamber, greatly increasing the manufacturing difficulty of the first wall, resulting in substantial material waste and a lengthy development cycle, and hindering the flexible adjustment and maintenance of diagnostic components hidden within, this invention provides a first wall that is structurally simple, low-cost, easy to manufacture, install, and maintain, while also providing flexible adjustment space for other internal components. This solution utilizes a combination of single / double-leg modules to flexibly accommodate the space requirements of different diagnostic components in different locations within the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device. Furthermore, the invention employs a space-saving support structure, leaving ample space beneath the first wall for the installation, adjustment, and maintenance of other internal components. Specifically, the first wall is constructed by sequentially splicing several single-leg and double-leg modules along the circumferential and polar directions, where the polar direction refers to the vertical length of the first wall. Therefore, through the sequential splicing of these structures, each component utilizes a simple mechanical connection method, enabling batch processing on machine tools and minimal welding, significantly shortening the manufacturing and installation cycle of the first wall, resulting in a low-cost and easily maintainable invention. Secondly, since it is necessary to provide space for direct observation of plasma for internal components such as diagnostic equipment, several observation holes with internal and external connections are provided on the circumferential wall. By setting several monitoring instruments in the vacuum chamber, plasma can be observed through the observation holes. The observation holes are set at the double-leg module, that is, irregular grooves are set on both sides of the first wall body. Alternatively, contours connected to irregular grooves can be set locally at the bottom of the first wall body of the single-leg module. The irregular groove contours are connected by splicing them together to form the observation holes. In addition, both the single-leg and double-leg modules have support components for support. To provide sufficient installation space, the space occupied by the support components must be small enough. Therefore, in the first transition support, several claw surfaces extend outward from one side of the bottom to connect to several back plates, similar to an umbrella shape. While connecting to each back plate, the claw surfaces contract to a point on the bottom surface to connect to the first support pier for support. Since the dimensions of the double-leg module are reduced on both sides, two second support piers are needed for stable support. That is, while the flat plate can connect to each back plate, it is connected to the two second support piers by two legs respectively. At this time, sufficient space can also be left between the two legs. Therefore, through the above-mentioned umbrella-shaped first transition support and C-shaped second transition support, sufficient space is left under the first wall through the support structure with small space occupation, providing sufficient space for the installation, adjustment and maintenance of other internal components.

[0013] To withstand the high thermal load bombardment from the device core and dissipate the heat deposited on the first wall, the backplate layer has a graphite tile layer on the side away from the support assembly, with a graphite paper layer sandwiched between the backplate layer and the graphite tile layer. The graphite tile layer comprises several graphite tiles sequentially spliced ​​along the circumferential and polar directions; the graphite paper layer comprises several graphite sheets, with one sheet of graphite paper corresponding to each graphite tile. In this design, during the operation of the controlled magnetic confinement fusion device, the surface of the first wall facing the plasma will withstand the high thermal load bombardment from the device core, causing most of the heat to deposit on the graphite tiles. The graphite tiles then transfer the heat to the graphite paper, backplate, transition support, support pier, and vacuum chamber, and finally, the vacuum chamber dissipates the heat, thus removing the heat deposited on the first wall. Simultaneously, the graphite tiles on the plasma-facing surface of the first wall will restrict the plasma configuration, preventing a large amount of plasma from bombarding other internal components and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber, thereby preventing damage to these components.

[0014] As a detachable connection method for splicing together, it also includes a pressure rod nut and a pressure rod screw. The graphite tile has an circumferential through hole on its side, and the graphite tile, graphite paper and back plate are each provided with a vertical through hole that is connected in sequence. The pressure rod nut is inserted into the circumferential through hole to connect at least two graphite tiles arranged in parallel. The pressure rod screw passes through the vertical through hole in sequence to connect the graphite tile, graphite paper and back plate in sequence.

[0015] To provide sufficient space for the long screw to avoid the graphite, both the claw face and the flat panel are connected to the back plate by the long screw, and the graphite tile located at the position of the long screw has a clearance groove to avoid the long screw.

[0016] To reduce the electromagnetic load on the overall structure and increase structural stability, a slit is provided at the junction between two adjacent back plates.

[0017] To block high-thermal ions and provide support and fixing positions, the top edge of the back plate layer of the single-leg module has a baffle; the top of the back plate layer of the double-leg module extends downwards with an extension section. In this design, the back plate near the window end has a square edge baffle to prevent high-thermal particles from the core from impacting the inner wall of the vacuum chamber through this gap; the back plate has an extension section at the end away from the single-leg module, the extension section has multiple threaded holes, the extension section is a functional reserved area, which can provide support or fixing positions for other vacuum chamber components, and the width and thickness of the extension section can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs.

[0018] As a specific structural form of a first transition support and a first support pier, the first transition support further includes several inclined surfaces, the bottom surface is connected to the claw surface through the inclined surfaces, the outwardly inclined end of the inclined surface is connected to the claw surface, and the inwardly inclined end of the inclined surface is connected to the bottom surface; the first support pier includes a first rectangular surface and a first side surface perpendicular to both sides of the first rectangular surface, the first rectangular surface is parallel to the bottom surface and is bolted to the bottom surface; the normal of the first rectangular surface faces the plasma core.

[0019] To flexibly adjust the distance between the transition support and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber, adjustable blocks of varying thickness are provided between the claw surface and the back plate, and between the flat plate and the back plate; adjustable pads of varying thickness are provided between the first support pier and the bottom surface, and between the second support pier and the flat plate. The adjustment of the adjustable blocks and pads can be achieved by preparing several adjustable blocks or pads of different thicknesses and selecting them flexibly.

[0020] As a specific structural form of the second transition support and the second support pier, the second transition support also includes second side surfaces located on both sides of the flat plate, and the flat plate is connected to the support leg through the second side surfaces; the dimensions of the second side surfaces gradually decrease from one end near the flat plate to the other end near the support leg; the second support pier includes a second rectangular surface and two third side surfaces perpendicular to the second rectangular surface, and the two third side surfaces are located between the two sides of the second rectangular surface; the second rectangular surface is connected to the support leg by bolts.

[0021] To prevent structural damage to the module from excessive electromagnetic loads during device operation and to reduce electromagnetic interference from other diagnostic components below the transition support, an insulating plate is provided between one of the supports and the second rectangular surface. The support is insulated from the second rectangular surface via the insulating plate, and an insulating sleeve is installed within a through hole on the support. The second rectangular surface is connected to the insulating sleeve via bolts. In this design, if neither support is insulated, an electromagnetic loop will be formed, resulting in significant electromagnetic interference. Therefore, insulating one support reduces electromagnetic interference from other diagnostic components below the transition support and lowers the electromagnetic load.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The first wall of the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device provided by the present invention is a support pier with a small space occupation that connects the entire first wall to the vacuum chamber. The space occupied by the transition support is also relatively small compared with the total space between the first wall and the vacuum chamber (the space behind the first wall). Therefore, it provides sufficient space resources for the design, installation and maintenance of various internal components (such as diagnostic, gas supply, feeding, heating, etc.) in the area behind the first wall.

[0024] 2. This invention employs a combination of single / double-leg modules to meet the flexible space requirements of different internal components (such as diagnostics, heating, and gas supply) in different locations within the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device. The combination design of single-leg and double-leg modules can be appropriately adjusted in proportion to their number according to the operational requirements of the controlled magnetic confinement device; it is even possible to use only one type of module, either single-leg or double-leg, as the basic repeating unit of the first wall. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 A partial back view of the first wall in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A partial frontal view of the first wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-leg module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-leg module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0031] 1-Single-leg module; 2-Double-leg module; 3-Graphite tile; 4-Pressure rod nut; 5-Graphite paper; 6-Back plate; 7-Adjusting block; 8-First transition support; 9-Insulating plate; 10-Adjusting pad; 11-Allowing groove; 12-Circumferential through hole; 13-Chamfer; 14-Long screw; 15-Pressure rod screw; 16-Slit; 17-Baffle; 18-Second transition support; 19-Reinforcing rib; 20-Claw surface; 21-Bevel; 22-Bottom surface; 23-Flat plate; 24-Second side; 25-Feet; 26-First support block; 27-Plate nut; 28-Second support block; 29-Extension section; 30-Insulating sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] Example

[0034] This embodiment provides a first wall for a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes a single-leg module 1 and a double-leg module 2.

[0035] The first wall basic repeating unit is composed of two single-leg modules 1 and one double-leg module 2. This unit can be arranged circumferentially within a certain angle range around the vacuum chamber, covering a 360° circumferential space outside the inner wall of the vacuum chamber. The single-leg modules 1 and double-leg modules 2 have similar structures, consisting of the main body of the first wall and its lower support. The main body of the first wall is composed of high-purity graphite tiles 3, graphite paper 5, a back plate 6, pressure rod nuts 4, and pressure rod screws 15. The lower support mainly consists of pads, transition supports, adjusting pads 10, and support piers.

[0036] In this embodiment, the high-purity graphite tile 3 is approximately rectangular, and its specific dimensions vary depending on its circumferential and polar positions. The roughness of the surface of the graphite tile 3 facing / back of the plasma is minimized. The surface facing away from the plasma has a small hole perpendicular to the surface, i.e., a vertical through-hole, and the side has a circumferential through-hole 12 parallel to the surface. The edges of the graphite tile 3 are chamfered 13 or beveled to minimize the risk of the graphite tile 3's edges being cut by the high-temperature plasma. Some graphite tiles 3 have circular grooves, i.e., clearance grooves 11, to provide sufficient space for the long screws 14 to avoid the graphite and fix the first wall body to the transition support. Some graphite tiles 3 have irregularly shaped grooves to provide the space required for internal components such as diagnostic equipment to directly observe the plasma.

[0037] In this embodiment, each graphite tile 3 corresponds to one graphite paper 5. The shape of the graphite paper 5 is consistent with the outline of the graphite tile 3 facing away from the plasma surface and is slightly smaller in size. The graphite paper 5 has one through hole, and the size and position of the through hole are consistent with the vertical through hole of the graphite tile 3. The graphite paper 5 is placed between the graphite tile 3 and the back plate 6.

[0038] In this embodiment, the back plate 6 is a single plate composed of multiple planes at certain angles to each other. The angles between the planes and the number of planes can be flexibly changed according to the size of the device and the location of the module. The back plate 6 has four large through holes. Slits 16 are chiseled at the intersections of the planes of the back plate 6 to reduce the electromagnetic load borne by the overall structure and increase the structural stability. The back plate 6 has multiple small through holes with the same size as the small holes of the graphite tile 3. The back plate 6 has a square edge baffle 17 near the window end to prevent high-temperature particles from the core from hitting the inner wall of the vacuum chamber through this gap.

[0039] In this embodiment, the pressure rod nut 4 is semi-cylindrical and has two threaded holes. During installation, the pressure rod nut 4 is placed in the through hole of the graphite tile 3, and the pressure rod screw 15 sequentially passes through the small through hole of the back plate 6, the through hole of the graphite paper 5, and the small hole of the graphite tile 3 to fix the back plate 6, the graphite paper 5, and the graphite tile 3 together to form the first wall body.

[0040] In this embodiment, the lower support of the single-leg module 1 mainly consists of a first transition support 8, an adjusting pad 10, a first support pier 26, a plate nut 27, and a long screw 14. The first transition support 8 is generally shaped like an inverted bench, with four claw surfaces 20, two side surfaces 21, one bottom surface 22, and multiple reinforcing ribs 19. The four claw surfaces 20 are parallel to the planes of the four back plates 6, and the size of the claw surfaces 20 is as small as possible while meeting the structural strength requirements. The surfaces have threaded holes perpendicular to the claw surfaces 20, and the threaded holes match the long screws 14. The bottom surface 22 is parallel to the first rectangular surface of the first support pier 26, and the bottom surface 22 has four through holes arranged in a rectangle. The inclined surface 21 is at different angles to the four claw surfaces 20 and the bottom surface 22, serving as a connector between the claw surfaces 20 and the bottom surface 22, and has the function of angle transition and load transfer. There are two reinforcing ribs 19 between the two inclined surfaces 21, and each claw surface 20 has a reinforcing rib 19 between it and the inclined surface 21. The form of the reinforcing ribs 19 can be adjusted or removed according to the actual mechanical load borne by the module as a whole.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first support pier 26 is generally C-shaped, with two first side surfaces and one first rectangular surface. The first side surfaces are trapezoidal. The trapezoidal side surface forms a 90° angle with the first rectangular surface. The first rectangular surface has four through holes, and the arrangement and size of the through holes are consistent with the four through holes on the bottom surface 22 of the first transition support 8. The contour of the trapezoidal side surface can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific position of the first support pier 26 in the vacuum chamber, so that the normal of its rectangular surface is aligned with the plasma core as much as possible.

[0042] In this embodiment, the adjusting pad 10 has a cuboid structure, and its outline and the distribution of the central through hole are completely consistent with the rectangular surface of the first support pier 26. The adjusting block 7 of the single-leg module 1 is a square thin sheet with chamfered corners, and its size is slightly larger than the claw surface 20 of the first transition support 8. The adjusting block 7 has a through hole in the middle and is placed between the claw surface 20 and the back plate 6.

[0043] In this embodiment, during the installation of the single-leg module 1, the adjusting pad 10 and the first transition support 8 are first fixed to the first support pier 26 using long screws 14 and plate nuts 27. The adjusting pad 10 is located between the first rectangular plane of the first support pier 26 and the bottom surface 22 of the first transition support 8. The main function of the adjusting pad 10 is to adjust the distance between the four claw surfaces 20 of the first transition support 8 and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber by flexibly changing its thickness, thereby ensuring that the four claw surfaces 20 of the first transition support 8 have high installation accuracy. Then, the first wall body, which has been assembled into a whole, is fixed to the first transition support 8. Specifically, four long screws 14 are passed sequentially through the large through hole in the center of the back plate 6, the through hole of the adjusting block 7, and screwed into the threaded holes of the four claw surfaces 20 of the first transition support 8. The thickness of the adjusting block 7 can be adjusted according to the actual assembly error of other lower support components and the processing error of the back plate 6, so that the graphite tile 3 of the single-leg module 1 has extremely high precision after assembly with the plasma surface.

[0044] In this embodiment, the main differences between the single-leg module 1 and the double-leg module 2 are the transition support form, the number of graphite blocks contained in the first wall body, the size and shape of the back plate 6, and the number and form of the support piers.

[0045] In this embodiment, the dual-leg module 2 has two second support blocks 28. Each second support block 28 is π-shaped, having one second rectangular surface and two third side surfaces 21, the third side surfaces being trapezoidal. The angle between the second rectangular surface and the trapezoidal side surfaces is 90°. Each second support block 28 has four through holes distributed in a rectangular pattern along its two side edges. The contour of the trapezoidal side surfaces can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific position of the second support block 28 in the vacuum chamber, ensuring that the normal to its rectangular surface is aligned with the plasma core as much as possible.

[0046] In this embodiment, the second transition support 18 of the dual-leg module 2 has two rectangular surfaces, two A-shaped side surfaces, and two legs 25. The rectangular surfaces are flat plates, and the A-shaped side surfaces are second side surfaces. The two rectangular surfaces are respectively close to the back plate 6 of the first wall body. The size of the rectangular surfaces is as small as possible while meeting the structural strength requirements. The surfaces have threaded holes perpendicular to the claw surfaces, and the threaded holes match the long screws 14. The two legs 25 are parallel to the surfaces of the two second support blocks 28, and each leg 25 has two through holes. One leg 25 of the second transition support 18 is insulated from the second support block 28 to prevent the module from being subjected to large electromagnetic loads during device operation, which could cause structural damage to the module. It also reduces electromagnetic interference from other diagnostic components below the transition support. The position of the through hole of the insulated leg 25 is consistent with the position and size of the through hole of the corresponding second support block 28, while the position and size of the through hole of the non-insulated leg 25 are consistent with the position and size of the through hole of the corresponding second support block 28. The A-shaped sides form different angles with the two rectangular surfaces and the two legs 25, serving as the connecting body between the rectangular surfaces and the legs 25 and playing a role in angle transition and load transfer. There is a strip reinforcing rib 19 between the two A-shaped sides, and a triangular reinforcing rib 19 between each leg 25 and the A-shaped side. The form of the reinforcing ribs 19 can be adjusted or removed according to the actual mechanical load borne by the module as a whole.

[0047] In this embodiment, an adjustment block 7 is placed between the back plate 6 of the double-leg module 2 and the rectangular surface of the second transition support 18. The adjustment block 7 is similar to the adjustment block 7 of the single-leg module 1, and is a thin, square-like sheet. The two planes of the adjustment block 7 are parallel to the plane of the back plate 6 and the rectangular surface of the second transition support 18, respectively. The installation accuracy of the first wall body can be improved by adjusting the thickness of the adjustment block 7 and the angle between the two planes.

[0048] In this embodiment, the two legs 25 of the second transition support 18 of the double-leg module 2 are connected to the two second support blocks 28 respectively by long screws 14 and nuts. An adjusting pad 10 is placed between the non-insulated legs 25 and the rectangular surface of the second support blocks 28. A thin adjusting pad 10 and an insulating plate 9 are placed between the insulated legs 25 and the rectangular surface of the second support blocks 28. The positions of the thin adjusting pad 10 and the insulating plate 9 can be interchanged, and the thickness of the thin adjusting pad 10 and the insulating plate 9 is the same as the thickness of the adjusting pad 10.

[0049] In this embodiment, the back plate 6 of the dual-leg module 2 is composed of multiple planes at certain angles to each other, forming a whole. The plane interfaces have relatively long slits 16, which are made as long as possible while ensuring structural strength. The back plate 6 has an extension section 29 at the end furthest from the single-leg module 1. The extension section 29 has multiple threaded holes and serves as a functional reserved area, providing support or fixing positions for other components within the vacuum chamber. The width and thickness of the extension section 29 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs.

[0050] In this embodiment, the installation method and sequence of the double-leg module 2 are similar to those of the single-leg module 1. The main difference is that the second transition support 18 of the double-leg module 2 is connected to two second support piers 28 respectively. One of the connections is an insulated connection. Insulating sleeves 30 are placed in the two through holes of the legs 25 of the second transition support 18 that require insulated connection. The insulating sleeves 30 are "T-shaped" to prevent the induced current from forming a loop through the two second support piers 28 of the second transition support 18 during plasma discharge, thereby reducing the electromagnetic load borne by the overall structure.

[0051] In this embodiment, corresponding parameters are also provided for the above scheme. Referring to the accompanying drawings, according to the technical solution of this invention, the thickness of the graphite tile 3 is generally 20-30 mm, preferably 25 mm; the diameter of the through-hole in the graphite tile is generally 10-20 mm, preferably 15 mm; the thinnest thickness of the graphite tile 3 facing the plasma surface should not be less than 5 mm; and the surface roughness of the graphite tile 3 facing / back of the plasma surface should be better than Ra1.6. The thickness of the back plate 6 is generally 5-10 mm, preferably 10 mm. The number of constituent planes of the back plate 6 should be ≥4, flexibly matched according to the plasma physics operation scheme. The distance between the center of the four large through-holes of the back plate 6 and the plane interface should be ≥10 mm to avoid the angle affecting installation. The diameter of the pressure rod nut 4 should be smaller than the diameter of the through-hole in the graphite tile, preferably 14.8 mm; the number of pressure rod screws 15 corresponding to each pressure rod nut 4 is >2, preferably 2. The diameter of the pressure rod screw 15 should be smaller than the radius of the pressure rod nut 4, preferably 6 mm. The graphite tiles 3, graphite paper 5, and back plate 6 are fixed into a first wall body using pressure rod nuts 4 and pressure rod screws 15. The first transition support 8 and the second transition support 18 are respectively fixed to the first support block 26 and the second support block 28 welded to the inner wall of the vacuum chamber using four long screws 14. The installation accuracy of the transition supports is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the shim plate 10. Finally, the first wall body is fixed to the transition supports from the front using four long screws 14. The installation accuracy of the first wall body can be improved by adjusting the adjusting block 7. Both the graphite tiles and graphite paper are high-purity graphite materials, with an ash content <50ppm. The materials of the first and second support blocks are consistent with the vacuum chamber. The adjusting block is made of oxygen-free copper. The insulating sleeve and insulating plate are made of polyimide, and all other components are made of low-magnetic stainless steel, with a relative permeability maintained at <1.04 throughout the entire processing. In this specific example, within the material's operating temperature range, the present invention can withstand a heat flux load of 0.35MW / m² or higher.

[0052] The combination design of single-leg and double-leg modules can be appropriately adjusted in proportion according to the operational requirements of the controlled magnetic confinement device. It is even possible to use only one type of module, either single-leg or double-leg, as the basic repeating unit of the first wall. During operation of the controlled magnetic confinement fusion device, the surface of the first wall facing the plasma will be bombarded by a high thermal load from the device's core, causing most of the heat to deposit on the graphite tiles. The graphite tiles then transfer the heat to the graphite paper, backplate, transition support, support pier, and vacuum chamber, finally removing the heat from the vacuum chamber, thus eliminating the heat deposited on the first wall. Simultaneously, the graphite tiles on the plasma-facing surface of the first wall will restrict the plasma configuration, preventing large amounts of plasma from bombarding other internal components and the inner walls of the vacuum chamber, thus preventing damage to these components.

[0053] The first wall of the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device provided by the above-described embodiment employs simple mechanical connections for all components, enabling batch processing via machine tools and minimal welding, thus significantly shortening the manufacturing and installation cycle of the first wall. This results in low cost and ease of maintenance. The invention utilizes a single / double-leg module combination to flexibly accommodate the space requirements of different diagnostic components in different locations within the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device. Simultaneously, the invention's space-saving support structure leaves ample space beneath the first wall, providing sufficient room for the installation, adjustment, and maintenance of other internal components. The invention exhibits good passive heat dissipation, capable of withstanding heat flux loads exceeding 0.35 MW / m².

[0054] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device, characterized in that, It includes several single-leg modules (1) and double-leg modules (2); Both the single-leg module (1) and the double-leg module (2) include a first wall body and a support component for supporting the first wall body. The first wall bodies on several of the single-leg modules (1) and double-leg modules (2) are sequentially spliced ​​together along the circumferential and polar directions to form a circumferential wall. The circumferential wall has several observation holes that are connected internally and externally. The first wall body in the double-leg module (2) has irregular grooves on both sides for forming the observation holes. The inner side of the first wall body is a back plate layer, which includes several back plates (6) spliced ​​along the circumferential and polar directions. The support component of the single-leg module (1) includes a first transition support (8), the first transition support (8) includes a bottom surface (22), a number of claw surfaces (20) extend outward from one side of the bottom surface (22), one side of the bottom surface (22) is connected to each of the back plates (6) through the number of claw surfaces (20), and the other side of the bottom surface (22) is connected to the first support block (26); The support assembly of the double-leg module (2) includes a second transition support (18), which includes a flat plate (23). One side of the flat plate (23) is close to the back plate layer and connected to each of the back plates (6). The other side of the flat plate (23) is connected to a second support block (28) through two legs (25).

2. The first wall of the controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back plate layer has a graphite tile layer on the side away from the support component, and a graphite paper layer is sandwiched between the back plate layer and the graphite tile layer; the graphite tile layer includes a number of graphite tiles (3) spliced ​​sequentially along the circumferential and polar directions; the graphite paper layer includes a number of graphite papers (5), and each graphite tile (3) is provided with a corresponding graphite paper (5).

3. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure rod nut (4) and a pressure rod screw (15). The graphite tile (3) has an circumferential through hole (12) on its side. The graphite tile (3), graphite paper (5) and back plate (6) are respectively connected by vertical through holes. The pressure rod nut (4) is inserted into the circumferential through hole (12) to connect at least two graphite tiles (3) arranged in parallel. The pressure rod screw (15) passes through the vertical through hole to connect the graphite tile (3), graphite paper (5) and back plate (6) in sequence.

4. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The claw surface (20) and the flat panel (23) are connected to the back plate (6) by long screws (14). The graphite tile (3) located at the position of the long screws (14) has a relief groove (11) to avoid the long screws (14).

5. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A slit (16) is provided at the junction between two adjacent back plates (6).

6. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-leg module (1) has a baffle (17) at the top edge of the back panel layer; the double-leg module (2) has an extension section (29) extending downward from the top of the back panel layer.

7. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transition support (8) also includes several inclined surfaces (21), the bottom surface (22) is connected to the claw surface (20) through the inclined surfaces (21), the outward inclined end of the inclined surface (21) is connected to the claw surface (20), and the inward inclined end of the inclined surface (21) is connected to the bottom surface (22); The first support pier (26) includes a first rectangular surface and a first side surface located perpendicular to both sides of the first rectangular surface. The first rectangular surface is parallel to the bottom surface (22) and is bolted to the bottom surface (22). The normal of the first rectangular surface is facing the plasma core.

8. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adjustable block (7) with adjustable thickness is provided between the claw surface (20) and the back plate (6), and between the flat plate (23) and the back plate (6); an adjustable pad (10) with adjustable thickness is provided between the first support block (26) and the bottom surface (22), and between the second support block (28) and the flat plate (23).

9. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second transition support (18) also includes a second side surface (24) located on both sides of the flat plate (23), the flat plate (23) being connected to the support leg (25) via the second side surface (24); the second side surface (24) gradually decreases in size from one end near the flat plate (23) to the other end near the support leg (25); The second support pier (28) includes a second rectangular surface and two third sides perpendicular to the second rectangular surface, the two third sides being located between the two sides of the second rectangular surface; the second rectangular surface is connected to the support leg (25) by bolts.

10. The first wall of a controlled magnetic confinement fusion experimental device according to claim 9, characterized in that, An insulating plate (9) is provided between one of the legs (25) and the second rectangular surface. The leg (25) is insulated from the second rectangular surface through the insulating plate (9). An insulating sleeve (30) is provided in the through hole on the leg (25). The second rectangular surface is connected to the insulating sleeve (30) by bolts.

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