Hole-by-hole blasting simulation system and method based on electronic detonator initiation network

Abstract

The application discloses a hole-by-hole blasting simulation method and system based on an electronic detonator initiation network, and relates to the field of open pit blasting. The system comprises a model import module, a parameter input module and a result output module. The method mainly comprises the following steps: importing an engineering geological model, inputting engineering parameters, rock mass physical and mechanical parameters and blasting parameters, performing system self-checking, learning an embedded engineering blasting sample library, simulating a blasting sequence and process, and finally outputting results. The method and system reduce the effects of a "blasting blind box" and a "blasting process black box", improve the transparency of the blasting process, enable each blasting to be pre-rehearsed, and enable the blasting effect to be visually predicted, thereby providing a basis for blasting parameter optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of open-pit blasting, specifically relating to a hole-by-hole blasting simulation system and method based on an electronic detonator initiation network. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, open-pit mining in my country mainly employs the bench drill-and-blast method. Most bench blasting operations utilize large-diameter, deep boreholes, filled with explosives, and detonated by electronic detonators. Blasting networks generally use a sequential detonation method. Due to the high precision of electronic detonators, the minimum detonation time between adjacent boreholes can be set to 1ms (also called micro-delay time). Therefore, the application of electronic detonators has brought greater variability to blasting networks. However, it has also led to experiential confusion due to the lack of visualization of the blasting process. When the micro-delay time between adjacent boreholes is too short, it can cause the peaks and troughs of the explosion stress wave to overlap, reducing rock-breaking power; it increases blasting vibration and noise; and it weakens the re-collision of broken rock fragments, increasing the proportion of large pieces in the blast pile. These drawbacks represent the new changes and challenges brought about by the shift from traditional detonation methods to electronic detonator detonation in blasting networks. Before each blast, the system is in a "black box" state; even with refined blasting design, visualization of the blasting process cannot be replaced, resulting in a "blind box" effect. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above problems, this invention provides a blasting simulation method and system based on sequential detonation using electronic detonators. Before blasting, simulated detonation is performed according to the detonation sequence of the blast. By observing the simulated blasting process and post-blast effects, the effectiveness of the blast is judged using system self-checking and manual visualization experience, providing a basis for modifying the blasting design.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A hole-by-hole blasting simulation method based on an electronic detonator initiation network, the method comprising:

[0006] The system imports the basic model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted, which includes a three-dimensional model of the rock mass and an environmental model.

[0007] The basic parameters of the rock mass to be blasted are input into the basic model of the rock mass to be blasted, and then the hole mesh parameters are generated based on the basic parameters of the rock mass to be blasted; the basic parameters of the rock mass to be blasted are jointly determined by blasting design, mechanical test and the system's built-in engineering rock mass blasting sample library;

[0008] Based on the borehole mesh parameters, the detonation time is input hole by hole. The system performs a self-check and learns from the built-in engineering rock blasting sample library.

[0009] Simulate detonation, monitor the detonation sequence, blasting process and blasting vibration velocity, and observe the post-blast fragmentation size.

[0010] Furthermore, the three-dimensional model and environmental model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted were constructed using three-dimensional software;

[0011] The three-dimensional model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted includes the lithology of the rock strata, geological structure planes, and the development of joints and fissures of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted;

[0012] The environmental model includes important structures and vibration monitoring points within the area of ​​the rock mass of the slope to be blasted.

[0013] Furthermore, the basic parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted include the parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted, the parameters of the explosives, and the parameters of the blasting.

[0014] Furthermore, the rock mass parameters of the slope to be blasted include the engineering parameters and physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted;

[0015] The engineering parameters include step height, width, and slope angle;

[0016] The physical and mechanical parameters include tensile strength, compressive strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass.

[0017] Furthermore, the blasting parameters include: borehole coordinates, borehole depth, borehole diameter, inclination angle, borehole charge length, borehole filling material, and borehole filling length.

[0018] Furthermore, the explosive parameters include saturation, yield, and detonation velocity.

[0019] Furthermore, the monitoring of blasting vibration velocity specifically refers to:

[0020] A blasting vibration meter is installed at a certain distance from the blasting zone, and the blasting vibration velocity is calculated using the Sadovsky formula.

[0021] Furthermore, the specific sequence of monitoring detonation is as follows:

[0022] The sequence of single-hole detonation can be observed using the built-in slow-motion program.

[0023] The blasting fragmentation size is calculated based on the fractal mechanism of rock mass fragmentation and the mechanism of explosive crack propagation. It calculates the crack propagation length of the rock mass supported by a single hole after blasting. When the crack penetrates, it is considered as rock mass segmentation, thus simulating the blasting fragmentation size.

[0024] Furthermore, the observed blasting block size specifically refers to:

[0025] Based on the fractal mechanism of rock mass fragmentation and the mechanism of explosive crack propagation, the crack propagation length of the rock mass under the single hole after blasting is calculated. When the crack is connected, it is regarded as the rock mass segmentation and the blasting block size is simulated.

[0026] The present invention also provides a hole-by-hole blasting simulation system based on an electronic detonator initiation network, the system comprising a model import module, a parameter input module and a result output module;

[0027] The model import module is used to import the basic model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted, which includes a three-dimensional model of the rock mass and an environmental model.

[0028] The parameter input module is used to input the basic parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted and the blasting time;

[0029] The result output module is used to simulate detonation, monitor the detonation sequence, blasting process and blasting vibration velocity, and observe the post-blast fragmentation size.

[0030] Technical effects of the present invention:

[0031] 1. The present invention provides a hole-by-hole blasting simulation method and system based on an electronic detonator initiation network, which reduces the "blind box" effect and the "black box" effect of the blasting process, improves the transparency of the blasting process, and enables each blasting to be rehearsed in advance.

[0032] 2. The present invention provides a hole-by-hole blasting simulation method and system based on an electronic detonator initiation network, which provides an intuitive diagram of the expected blasting effect after blasting and makes certain predictions and estimates of the actual blasting effect.

[0033] 3. The present invention provides a hole-by-hole blasting simulation method and system based on an electronic detonator initiation network, which can arbitrarily modify the order of hole-by-hole initiation and can slow down the blasting process, thereby more accurately observing the blasting process and better adjusting the blasting design. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments generally by way of example rather than limitation, and are used, together with the specification and claims, to explain embodiments of the invention. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used in all drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the apparatus or method.

[0035] Figure 1 This invention provides an architecture diagram of a hole-by-hole blasting simulation system based on an electronic detonator initiation network.

[0036] Figure 2The present invention provides a working principle diagram of a hole-by-hole blasting simulation system based on an electronic detonator initiation network.

[0037] Figure 3 The flowchart of a hole-by-hole blasting simulation method based on an electronic detonator initiation network provided by the present invention is shown.

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of rock mass fragmentation and segmentation provided by this invention.

[0039] Figure Labels

[0040] 1-Rock mass to be blasted; 2-Blast hole; 3-Radial crack; 4-Circumferential crack; 5-Blast block size. Detailed Implementation

[0041] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0042] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this invention provides a hole-by-hole blasting simulation method based on an electronic detonator initiation network, the method comprising:

[0043] S1. First, create a three-dimensional model and an environmental model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted within the system.

[0044] S2. Input the engineering parameters and rock mass physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass to be blasted. The engineering parameters include the step height, width, and slope angle; the rock mass physical and mechanical parameters include the tensile strength σ. c σ compressive strength t Elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio μ, shear modulus K, bulk modulus G, and longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass.

[0045] S3. Input blasting parameters, including borehole coordinates, depth, diameter, and inclination; borehole mesh parameters; and borehole charging structure and plugging structure.

[0046] S4. Input the explosive parameters, including the explosive detonation velocity, power, and intensity.

[0047] S5. Input the detonation time for each hole in the system according to the designed blasting network. The system performs a self-check and learns from the built-in engineering rock mass blasting sample library.

[0048] S6. Set up blasting vibration monitoring points on the blasting model as needed to monitor the blasting vibration velocity;

[0049] S7. Simulate detonation within the system, observe the detonation sequence and blasting process, monitor blasting vibration data, and observe post-blast fragmentation.

[0050] Step S1: The three-dimensional model and environmental model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted are constructed using three-dimensional software;

[0051] The three-dimensional model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted includes the lithology of the rock strata, geological structure planes, and the development of joints and fissures of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted;

[0052] The environmental model includes important structures and vibration monitoring points within the area of ​​the rock mass of the slope to be blasted.

[0053] Step S2 involves determining the engineering parameters and rock mass physical and mechanical parameters based on blasting design, mechanical testing, and empirical values ​​from the system's built-in engineering rock mass sample library. These parameters simply need to be entered into the parameter input window. For example, rock mass parameters can be determined by rock mass physical and mechanical parameter testing and the RQD and Q system rock mass classification methods, or they can be selected from the engineering rock mass sample library, and then the relevant parameters can be entered.

[0054] The rock mass parameters entered in step S2 will be automatically added to the system's engineering rock mass sample library as a basis for selecting similar data in the future.

[0055] The blasting parameters mentioned in step S3 are determined by the blasting design. The hole position is determined by inputting the borehole coordinates in the model, and then the hole diameter, hole depth, and angle are input, followed by the borehole row spacing and hole spacing to generate the hole network parameters.

[0056] The input of the borehole charging structure and filling length mentioned in step S3 refers to inputting the position and length of the explosive and the position and length of the filling material at the borehole loading window.

[0057] The explosive parameters mentioned in step S4 are values ​​assigned to the explosives loaded into the borehole, including intensity, power, and detonation velocity.

[0058] The hole-by-hole input detonation time mentioned in step S5 refers to the activation time of the electronic detonator in each borehole.

[0059] The blasting parameters input in steps S4 and S5 will be automatically added to the system engineering blasting sample library as a basis for the next similar blasting.

[0060] The vibration monitoring points mentioned in step S6 can be set up at a certain distance from the blasting zone, such as 50m, 100m, and 150m, using blasting vibration meters. The blasting vibration velocity is calculated using the Sadovsky formula, which is as follows:

[0061] V = K(Q) 1 / 3 / R) ɑ

[0062] Where V is the blasting vibration velocity, K is the terrain correlation coefficient, α is the attenuation coefficient, R is the distance between the measuring point and the blasting center point, and Q is the maximum charge per blast.

[0063] For a specific blasting area, K and α are fixed values ​​that can be fitted by experiments or referenced recommended values ​​and then input into the system; while Q is the maximum explosive charge per single blast, i.e. the charge in a single hole, and the distance R can be input as needed to measure the distance between the measuring points.

[0064] The blasting vibration mentioned in step S7 is calculated using the Sadovsky formula; the detonation sequence is observed by the slow-motion program built into the system to determine the order of single-hole detonation; the blasting block size is calculated based on the fractal mechanism of rock mass fragmentation and the mechanism of explosive crack propagation, determining the crack propagation length of the rock mass supported by a single hole after blasting. When the crack is completed, it is considered as rock mass segmentation, thus simulating the blasting block size.

[0065] The crack propagation length is the sum of the radius of the shattered zone and the radius of the fractured zone, calculated using the following formula:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] α1=2+μ d / (1-μ d ), α2=2-μ d / (1-μ d )

[0069]

[0070] A=[(1+λ) 2 +(1+λ 2 )-2μ d (1-μ d (1-λ) 2 ] 1 / 2

[0071] λ=μ d / (1-μ d );μ d =0.8μ

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, σ cd , σ c and σ td , σ t These represent the uniaxial dynamic / static compressive strength and tensile strength of the rock, respectively. Crushing zone: σ cd =10σ c ; Fractured region: σ cd =2.5σ c ;σ td =σ t ;P dThe initial peak pressure of the shock wave acting on the rock wall; r b Let be the borehole radius, and α be the attenuation coefficient, which is usually taken as 3.

[0074] ρ0 and ρ m These are the density of the explosive and the density of the rock mass, respectively.

[0075] C p D and D represent the longitudinal wave velocity within the rock mass and the detonation velocity of the explosive, respectively.

[0076] γ is the thermal expansion coefficient of the detonation products, which is generally taken as 3;

[0077] μ is Poisson's ratio, μ d This refers to the dynamic berthing-to-delivery ratio.

[0078] The system's built-in crack propagation direction is: radiating outwards in a fan shape to the front and left and right sides with the hole as the center. When the above parameters are input into the system, the system automatically calculates the crack propagation length and direction. When a crack in a single hole connects in a ring or comes into contact with other cracks, it is considered that the rock mass is divided and disintegrated along the crack surface.

[0079] The theory and formulas for steps S6 and S7 are built into the system's code and program.

[0080] Enter the detonation time for each hole to observe the detonation sequence. The detonation time can be set freely or according to the blasting design.

[0081] In actual blasting, dozens or even hundreds of blast holes are detonated in just 1-3 seconds. This system can slow down the blasting process by 0.01-1 times.

[0082] The present invention also provides a hole-by-hole blasting simulation system based on an electronic detonator initiation network, the system comprising a model import module, a parameter input module and a result output module;

[0083] The model import module is used to import the basic model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted, which includes a three-dimensional model of the rock mass and an environmental model.

[0084] The parameter input module is used to input the basic parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted and the blasting time;

[0085] The result output module is used to simulate detonation, monitor the detonation sequence, blasting process and blasting vibration velocity, and observe the post-blast fragmentation size.

[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation method for hole-by-hole blasting based on an electronic detonator initiation network, characterized in that, The method includes: The system imports the basic model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted, which includes a three-dimensional model of the rock mass and an environmental model. The basic parameters of the rock mass to be blasted are input into the basic model of the rock mass to be blasted, and then the hole mesh parameters are generated based on the basic parameters of the rock mass to be blasted; the basic parameters of the rock mass to be blasted are jointly determined by blasting design, mechanical test and the system's built-in engineering rock mass blasting sample library; The detonation time is input for each hole according to the hole mesh parameters. The detonation time is the activation time of the electronic detonator in each hole. The system performs self-checks and learns from the built-in engineering rock blasting sample library; Simulate detonation, monitor the detonation sequence, blasting process and blasting vibration velocity, and observe the size of the blasted fragments; The specific sequence of monitoring detonation is as follows: The sequence of single-hole detonation can be observed using the built-in slow-motion program. The observed explosive block size is specifically as follows: Based on the fractal mechanism of rock mass fragmentation and the mechanism of explosive crack propagation, the crack propagation length of the rock mass under the load of a single hole after blasting is calculated. The crack propagation length is the sum of the radius of the crushed zone and the radius of the fracture zone. When the crack is connected, it is regarded as the rock mass segmentation to simulate the blasting block size. The three-dimensional model and environmental model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted were constructed using three-dimensional software; The three-dimensional model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted includes the lithology of the rock strata, geological structure planes, and the development of joints and fissures of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted; The environmental model includes important structures and vibration monitoring points within the area of ​​the rock mass of the slope to be blasted; The basic parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted include the parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted, the parameters of the explosives, and the parameters of the blasting.

2. The simulation method for hole-by-hole blasting based on an electronic detonator initiation network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted include the engineering parameters and physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted; The engineering parameters include step height, width, and slope angle; The physical and mechanical parameters include tensile strength, compressive strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass.

3. The simulation method for hole-by-hole blasting based on an electronic detonator initiation network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blasting parameters include: borehole coordinates, borehole depth, borehole diameter, inclination angle, borehole charge length, borehole filling material, and borehole filling length.

4. The hole-by-hole blasting simulation method based on an electronic detonator initiation network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosive parameters include saturation, power, and detonation velocity.

5. The simulation method for hole-by-hole blasting based on an electronic detonator initiation network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific monitoring of blasting vibration velocity is as follows: A blasting vibration meter is installed at a certain distance from the blasting zone, and the blasting vibration velocity is calculated using the Sadovsky formula.

6. A hole-by-hole blasting simulation system based on an electronic detonator initiation network, used to implement the hole-by-hole blasting simulation method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system includes a model import module, a parameter input module, and a result output module; The model import module is used to import the basic model of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted, which includes a three-dimensional model of the rock mass and an environmental model. The parameter input module is used to input the basic parameters of the rock mass of the slope to be blasted and the blasting time; The result output module is used to simulate detonation, monitor the detonation sequence, blasting process and blasting vibration velocity, and observe the size of the blasted fragments.

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