A high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of suspended particle impact experiments and discloses a high-speed impact experimental system for partially melted ice particles. Nitrogen gas from a nitrogen cylinder passes sequentially through a heat exchange device and a suspended droplet, which is suspended on a suspender. An impact rod is directed towards the suspended droplet to impact it, and a high-speed camera is used to photograph the suspended droplet during the impact. A laser output from a laser is directed towards the suspended droplet, which is a droplet that can be excited by the laser to produce fluorescence. A CCD camera is used to photograph the suspended droplet after fluorescence. The images are processed by a back-end processing device to measure the melting rate. This invention additionally introduces an impact rod device, which impacts suspended ice particles with different melting rates, thereby enabling high-speed impact experiments with ice particles of specific melting rates. High-speed impact experiments of partially melted ice particles can be used to study the ice crystal formation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of suspended particle impact experiments, specifically relating to a high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles. Background Technology

[0002] Measuring the percentage of ice particles that have melted or frozen (the sum of which equals 1) involves the fields of optical and fluorescent labeling measurement technology. High-speed impacts of ice particles can be used to study the icing mechanism of ice crystals, applicable to icing applications in aircraft, engines, and ships. While current technologies include experimental analyses of ice particle melting rates, experimental equipment for ice particle impact experiments is lacking. This invention provides a high-speed impact test platform for conducting high-speed impact experiments on partially melted ice particles, achieving impact velocities up to 60–70 m / s. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles, thereby resolving the issues in the prior art. To achieve the aforementioned objective, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0004] A high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles includes: a nitrogen cylinder, a heat exchange device, a suspended droplet, a suspender, a CCD camera, a laser, a back-end processing device, an impact rod device, and a high-speed camera. Nitrogen gas from the nitrogen cylinder passes sequentially through the heat exchange device and the suspended droplet, thereby cooling the suspended droplet and adjusting its melting rate. The suspended droplet is suspended on the suspender. The impact rod device is directed towards the suspended droplet to impact it. The high-speed camera is used to photograph the suspended droplet during the impact process. The laser output from the laser is directed towards the suspended droplet, which is a droplet that can be excited by the laser to produce fluorescence. The CCD camera is used to photograph the suspended droplet after fluorescence generation. The back-end processing device processes the photographed images to measure the melting rate.

[0005] Furthermore, the impact rod device includes an impact rod, an acceleration tube, and a high-pressure gas supply assembly; the impact rod is slidably disposed inside the acceleration tube, one end of the acceleration tube is open, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure gas supply assembly, the high-pressure gas supply assembly inputs high-pressure gas into the acceleration tube to push the impact rod to slide and pass through the acceleration tube, and the impact rod is used to impact the suspended droplet.

[0006] Furthermore, the opening end of the acceleration tube is provided with an exhaust block, the exhaust block is provided with a through hole communicating with the acceleration tube, the side of the exhaust block is provided with an exhaust hole communicating with the through hole, and the front end of the exhaust block is provided with a destructible component covering the through hole, the destructible component being shattered by the impact rod.

[0007] Furthermore, the destructible component is fixed to the fixing plate, and the side of the exhaust block is provided with an insertion hole for inserting the fixing plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the high-pressure gas supply assembly includes a solenoid valve and a gas storage cylinder that are connected in sequence to the acceleration tube.

[0009] Furthermore, an elastic buffer block is provided at the open end of the acceleration tube, and the impact rod can pass through the elastic buffer block. A limiting part is provided on the impact rod, and the elastic buffer block abuts against the limiting part to limit the movement stroke of the impact rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the acceleration tube is mounted on a fixed base via a sliding rail, allowing the position of the acceleration tube to be adjusted along its axial direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat exchange device includes a coil and a liquid nitrogen tank. The coil is located inside the liquid nitrogen tank and is covered by liquid nitrogen. One end of the coil is connected to the nitrogen cylinder, and the nitrogen gas output from the other end is directed toward the suspended droplets.

[0012] Furthermore, the heat exchange device also includes a needle valve that forms a parallel structure with the coil.

[0013] Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve and a gas flow meter are installed on the connecting pipe between the heat exchange device and the liquid nitrogen tank.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages: It introduces an additional impact rod device, which impacts suspended ice particles with different melting rates, enabling high-speed impact experiments on ice particles with specific melting rates. The high-speed impact of ice particles can be used to study the ice crystal formation mechanism, and is applicable to research on ice crystal impact icing in aviation and shipbuilding. Furthermore, the invention uses high-pressure gas as a propulsion source, which enables the impact rod to achieve high instantaneous acceleration and low mechanical friction loss. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the impact rod device;

[0017] Figure 3 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the exhaust blocks;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a sequence diagram of impact experiments involving suspended ice particles. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following will be based on embodiments of the present invention. Figures 1-4 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0020] A high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles includes: a nitrogen cylinder 14, a heat exchange device, a suspended droplet 8, a levitation device 9, a CCD camera 10, a laser 12, a back-end processing device 13, an impact rod device 1, and a high-speed camera 15. Nitrogen gas output from the nitrogen cylinder 14 passes sequentially through the heat exchange device and the suspended droplet 8, thereby cooling the suspended droplet 8 and adjusting its melting rate. The suspended droplet 8 is suspended on the levitation device 9. The impact rod device 1 is directed towards the suspended droplet 8 to impact it. The high-speed camera 15 is used to photograph the suspended droplet 8 during the impact process. The laser output from the laser 12 is directed towards the suspended droplet 8, which is a droplet that can be excited by the laser 12 to produce fluorescence. The CCD camera 10 is used to photograph the suspended droplet 8 after fluorescence production. The back-end processing device 13 processes the photographs to measure the melting rate.

[0021] The suspended droplet 8 is preferably an aqueous solution of Rhodamine B. The main measurement principle of this invention is based on the characteristics of Rhodamine B aqueous solution. Utilizing fluorescence induction technology, combined with the back-end processing device 13, it achieves visualization of ice crystal particles and real-time measurement of melting rate. Rhodamine B is readily soluble in water, its aqueous solution is blue-red, turning scarlet after dilution, exhibiting strong fluorescence, and possessing characteristics such as good stability and insensitivity to pH. The maximum absorption wavelength and emission wavelength of Rhodamine B are concentration-dependent. At a certain temperature and concentration, the fluorescence intensity of the Rhodamine B aqueous solution depends only on the number of Rhodamine B molecules dissolved in the water; frozen Rhodamine B molecules will not be excited to produce fluorescence.

[0022] The suspender 9 is preferably an ultrasonic suspender, which uses the standing wave generated by ultrasound to suspend the droplet and provide an environment for observation and measurement. The back-end processing device 13 is preferably a computer equipped with melting rate visualization measurement software. Its main function is to operate the CCD camera 10 to complete the specified shooting tasks, receive, process and analyze the data captured by the CCD camera 10, visualize the captured images, and measure the melting rate of the suspended droplet 8 in real time through a grayscale conversion algorithm.

[0023] In this invention, the calculation of the melting rate of the suspended droplet 8 by the grayscale conversion algorithm, the principle of fluorescence generated by laser excitation of Rhodamine B aqueous solution, and the suspension principle of Rhodamine B aqueous solution are all existing technologies and can adopt the technical means in CN115308179B.

[0024] Based on the above, this invention further introduces an impact rod device 1. By impacting suspended droplets 8 with different melting rates using the impact rod device 1, high-speed impact experiments of ice particles with specific melting rates can be conducted. High-speed impacts of ice particles can be used to study the ice crystal formation mechanism, applicable to icing fields such as aircraft, engines, and ships.

[0025] Working Process: During the impact experiment, nitrogen gas is first introduced into nitrogen cylinder 14. The nitrogen gas is further cooled through a heat exchanger and then comes into contact with the suspended droplet 8, causing the droplet 8 to freeze. The suspender 9 then ultrasonically suspends the droplet 8. The nitrogen temperature is adjusted through the heat exchanger, thereby changing the temperature of the frozen droplet 8 and causing it to melt. This allows for the formation of partially melted ice particles from the droplet 8 with different melting rates. After partially melted suspended ice crystals with the specified melting rate are formed, the impact rod device 1 impacts the droplet 8, and the impact process is simultaneously captured by a high-speed camera 15, completing the prescribed impact task and the experiment. Figure 4 A sequence diagram of the impact process is provided.

[0026] Furthermore, the impact rod device 1 includes an impact rod 110, an acceleration tube 113, and a high-pressure gas supply assembly; the impact rod 110 is slidably disposed inside the acceleration tube 113, one end of the acceleration tube 113 is open, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure gas supply assembly, the high-pressure gas supply assembly inputs high-pressure gas into the acceleration tube 113 to push the impact rod 110 to slide and pass through the acceleration tube 113, and the impact rod 110 is used to impact the suspended droplet 8.

[0027] At the rear end of the impact rod 110, that is, the end facing the high-pressure gas supply assembly, when high-pressure gas is supplied to the acceleration tube 113, the high-pressure gas pushes the impact rod 110 to accelerate, thereby achieving the impact function. This invention uses high-pressure gas as the driving source, which enables the impact rod 110 to have a large instantaneous acceleration and low mechanical friction loss.

[0028] Furthermore, the opening end of the acceleration tube 113 is provided with an exhaust block 111, the exhaust block 111 is provided with a through hole communicating with the acceleration tube 113, the side of the exhaust block 111 is provided with an exhaust hole 119 communicating with the through hole, and the front end of the exhaust block 111 is provided with a destructible component 118 covering the through hole, the destructible component 118 being shattered by the impact rod 110.

[0029] The acceleration tube 113 and the exhaust block 111 can be fixedly connected or threadedly connected. The interior of the acceleration tube 113 is coaxially arranged with the through hole. The function of the exhaust hole 119 is to maintain air pressure balance during the movement of the impact rod 110. The destructible part 118 can be a plastic film, plastic part, paper, etc., and its purpose is to prevent air from contacting the suspended droplet 8 before the impact rod 110, so that the impact rod 110 impacts the suspended droplet 8 first.

[0030] Furthermore, the destructible component 118 is fixed to the fixing plate 117, and the side of the exhaust block 111 is provided with an insertion hole for the fixing plate 117 to be inserted.

[0031] After the destructible part 118 is broken, the fixing plate 117 can be removed and the destructible part 118 replaced for use in the next experiment. The insertion hole and the fixing plate 117 are clearance-fitted to allow air trapped between the vent hole 119 and the fixing plate 117 to escape through the gap, and also to facilitate insertion. The fixing plate 117 is located in front of the vent hole 119, and the impact rod 110 passes through the vent hole 119 first.

[0032] Furthermore, the high-pressure gas supply assembly includes a solenoid valve 116 and a gas storage cylinder 106 connected in sequence to the acceleration tube 113. The gas storage cylinder 106 is connected to a compressor 107 for supplying gas to the cylinder. The output pressure of the gas storage cylinder 106 is adjusted to control the speed of the impact rod 110. The solenoid valve 116 and the gas storage cylinder 106 are controlled by a controller 108, such as a PLC control program. The compressor 107 is also connected to a cooling device 109 for cooling and maintaining operating conditions. The cooling device 109 is existing technology and can be air-cooled or water-cooled. A high-pressure connector 115 is provided at the rear end of the acceleration tube 113, which is connected to the solenoid valve 116.

[0033] Furthermore, the opening end of the acceleration tube 113 is provided with an elastic buffer block 112, and the impact rod 110 can pass through the elastic buffer block 112. The impact rod 110 is provided with a limiting part, and the elastic buffer block 112 abuts against the limiting part to limit the movement stroke of the impact rod 110.

[0034] The elastic buffer block 112 is annular, with an inner diameter that matches the impact rod 110 and is smaller than the inner diameter of the acceleration tube 113. The limiting portion of the impact rod 110 forms a "T" shape to achieve a limiting function. The elastic buffer block 112 can be a rubber block. The elastic buffer block 112 is preferably installed inside the exhaust block 111 and is located between the fixing plate 117 and the exhaust hole 119.

[0035] Furthermore, the acceleration tube 113 is mounted on the fixed base 104 via a sliding rail 102, so that the position of the acceleration tube 113 can be adjusted along its axial direction.

[0036] The fixed base 104 has threads of different specifications, which can be used to fix the base to the optical platform to improve stability under high-speed impact. The slider on the sliding rail 102 can be controlled to slide by a lead screw and a motor 103. The slider is connected to the accelerator tube 113 to adjust the position of the accelerator tube 113. The accelerator tube 113 is also fitted with a protective tube 114, which is a wrapping tube installed on the outside of the accelerator tube 113 to prevent damage to the accelerator tube 113 during disassembly and transportation.

[0037] Furthermore, the heat exchange device includes a coil 4 and a liquid nitrogen tank 5. The coil 4 is located inside the liquid nitrogen tank 5 and is covered by liquid nitrogen. One end of the coil 4 is connected to the nitrogen cylinder 14, and the nitrogen gas output from the other end is directed toward the suspended droplets 8.

[0038] The liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen tank 5 is used to cool the room temperature nitrogen in coil 4. Coil 4 provides cryogenic heat exchange conditions for the room temperature nitrogen, and the flowing nitrogen forms cryogenic nitrogen after exchanging heat with the liquid nitrogen.

[0039] Furthermore, the heat exchange device also includes a needle valve 6 connected in parallel with the coil 4. By adjusting the opening of the needle valve 6, the mixing ratio of room temperature nitrogen and low temperature nitrogen is adjusted, thereby further adjusting the outlet gas flow temperature. A rubber cotton insulation layer pipe 7 is also installed on the output pipeline of the parallel structure of the coil 4 and the needle valve 6, mainly for heat insulation, reducing heat exchange between the low temperature nitrogen and the outside environment.

[0040] Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve 2 and a gas flow meter 3 are installed on the connecting pipe between the heat exchange device and the liquid nitrogen tank 5. The gas flow meter 3 measures the real-time flow rate of the gas flowing through the pipe, and calculates the outlet gas flow velocity through mass conservation.

[0041] In addition, in this invention, the imaging end of the CCD camera 10 is provided with a narrowband filter 11, which filters out the laser light from the laser 12 and receives the fluorescence generated by the excited solution. Installing the narrowband filter 11 can significantly improve the accuracy of fluorescence intensity measurement.

[0042] In addition, the impact rod 110 can be manually slid to reset the device after the experiment.

[0043] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, substitutions, or variations made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high velocity impact experiment system of partially melted ice particles, characterized by, include: Nitrogen cylinder (14), heat exchange device, suspended droplet (8), suspender (9), CCD camera (10), laser (12), back-end processing device (13), impact rod device (1) and high-speed camera (15). The nitrogen gas output from the nitrogen cylinder (14) passes through the heat exchange device and the suspended droplet (8) in sequence, thereby cooling the suspended droplet (8) after the nitrogen gas is cooled, and adjusting the melting rate of the suspended droplet (8). The suspended droplet (8) is suspended on the suspender (9). The impact rod device (1) is directed toward the suspended droplet (8) to impact the suspended droplet (8), and the high-speed camera (15) is used to capture the suspended droplet (8) during the shooting process. The laser output by the laser (12) is directed toward the suspended droplet (8), which is a droplet that can be excited by the laser (12) to produce fluorescence. The CCD camera (10) is used to photograph the suspended droplets (8) after they generate fluorescence. The photographs are then processed by the back-end processing device (13) to measure the melting rate. The impact rod device (1) includes an impact rod (110), an acceleration tube (113), and a high-pressure gas supply assembly; The impact rod (110) is slidably disposed inside the acceleration tube (113). One end of the acceleration tube (113) is open, and the other end is connected to the high-pressure gas supply component. The high-pressure gas supply component inputs high-pressure gas into the acceleration tube (113) to push the impact rod (110) to slide and pass through the acceleration tube (113). The impact rod (110) is used to impact the suspended droplet (8). The accelerator tube (113) has an exhaust block (111) at its open end. The exhaust block (111) has a through hole that connects to the accelerator tube (113). The side of the exhaust block (111) has an exhaust hole (119) that connects to the through hole. The front end of the exhaust block (111) has a destructible component (118) that covers the through hole. The destructible component (118) can be broken by the impact rod (110). The heat exchange device includes a coil (4) and a liquid nitrogen tank (5). The coil (4) is located inside the liquid nitrogen tank (5) and is covered by liquid nitrogen. One end of the coil (4) is connected to the nitrogen cylinder (14), and the nitrogen gas output from the other end is directed toward the suspended droplet (8). The heat exchange device also includes a needle valve (6) that forms a parallel structure with the coil (4).

2. The high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The destructible component (118) is fixed on the fixing plate (117), and the side of the exhaust block (111) is provided with an insertion hole for the fixing plate (117) to be inserted.

3. The high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure gas supply assembly includes a solenoid valve (116) and a gas storage cylinder (106) that are connected in sequence to the acceleration tube (113).

4. The high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening end of the acceleration tube (113) is provided with an elastic buffer block (112), and the impact rod (110) can pass through the elastic buffer block (112). The impact rod (110) is provided with a limiting part, and the elastic buffer block (112) abuts against the limiting part to limit the movement stroke of the impact rod (110).

5. The high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acceleration tube (113) is mounted on the fixed base (104) via a sliding rail (102) so that the position of the acceleration tube (113) can be adjusted along its axial direction.

6. The high-speed impact experimental system for partially melting ice particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure reducing valve (2) and a gas flow meter (3) are installed on the connecting pipe of the heat exchange device to the liquid nitrogen tank (5).

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