Optimization of beam pumping unit production parameter experimental device and control method

Abstract

The application discloses an optimized beam-pumping unit production parameter experiment device and a control method, and relates to the technical field of oil production, and can be used to analyze and optimize production parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas extraction technology, and specifically relates to an experimental device and control method for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most oilfield production utilizes a beam pumping system combined with a rod pump. However, this method suffers from low system efficiency, high energy consumption, and poor accuracy in optimizing production parameters and metering under special conditions during the later stages of oilfield development. While theoretical research has been conducted to calculate single-well production and energy consumption, and production parameters can only be optimized using single parameters—such as automatically adjusting pumping frequency based on dynamic fluid level, automatically adjusting balance based on load changes, and calculating energy consumption based on electrical parameters—these methods are limited in scope, have poor adaptability, and are ineffective under special conditions. Furthermore, these methods lack necessary testing and experimental data. Currently, there are no experimental devices or methods for optimizing production parameters of beam pumping units. No experimental device can simulate the entire oil and gas production process in the field; they only have a single function and are very small. They also only control the pumping unit using a single parameter and lack optimization of production parameters at different stages of the well. Traditional physical models have significant limitations; they cannot fully simulate the actual operating conditions of real oil wells, resulting in poor practicality. Current traditional physical models suffer from limited data acquisition, poor analysis and intelligent control, and even small changes in sensors can degrade the overall data quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses an experimental device for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit, comprising: a pumping unit, a wellbore system, a metering system, a gas-liquid mixing system, a polished rod, a dynamometer, an echo detector, an RTU electrical parameter sensor, and a data acquisition and control system.

[0004] The data acquisition and control system includes a data acquisition unit and a computer;

[0005] The oil pumping unit is connected to the RTU electrical parameter sensor and a computer;

[0006] The pumping unit is connected to the wellbore system via a polished rod.

[0007] The dynamometer is mounted on the optical pole and connected to the data acquisition unit;

[0008] The wellbore system is connected to the metering system;

[0009] The metering system is connected to the data acquisition unit;

[0010] The gas-liquid mixing system is connected to the wellbore system and the data acquisition unit;

[0011] The echo detector is connected to the wellbore system and the data acquisition unit;

[0012] The RTU electrical parameter sensor is connected to the data acquisition unit;

[0013] The data acquisition device is connected to a computer.

[0014] Furthermore, the pumping unit includes a walking beam balancing device, a tail beam balancing device, and a variable frequency motor;

[0015] The walking beam balancing device, tail beam balancing device, and variable frequency motor are connected to the computer.

[0016] Furthermore, the wellbore system includes casing, tubing, tubing pump, and check valve;

[0017] An oil pipe is fitted inside the casing;

[0018] The tubular pump is installed inside the oil pipe, and a check valve is installed at the bottom;

[0019] The tubular pump is connected to the pumping unit via a smooth rod.

[0020] Furthermore, the metering system includes a back pressure pump, a metering tank, and a weighing sensor;

[0021] One end of the back pressure pump is connected to the oil pipe, and the other end is connected to the metering tank;

[0022] The weighing sensor is located at the bottom of the metering tank and is connected to the data acquisition device.

[0023] Furthermore, the gas-liquid mixing system includes an injection pump, an oil supply unit, a water supply unit, and a gas supply unit;

[0024] One end of the injection pump is connected to the oil supply unit, water supply unit and air supply unit, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the casing.

[0025] The oil supply unit, water supply unit, and gas supply unit are all connected to the data acquisition unit.

[0026] Furthermore, the oil supply unit includes an oil tank and a flow meter;

[0027] One end of the flow meter is connected to the oil tank, and the other end is connected to the injection pump;

[0028] The flow meter is connected to the data acquisition unit.

[0029] Furthermore, the water supply unit includes a water tank and a flow meter.

[0030] One end of the flow meter is connected to the water tank, and the other end is connected to the injection pump;

[0031] The flow meter is connected to the data acquisition unit.

[0032] Furthermore, the gas supply unit includes a gas tank and a flow meter.

[0033] One end of the flow meter is connected to the gas tank, and the other end is connected to the injection pump;

[0034] The flow meter 2 is connected to the data acquisition unit.

[0035] Furthermore, the control steps of the data acquisition and control system are as follows:

[0036] Set a stroke value for the oil pumping unit;

[0037] Set the initial value and increment of the pumping unit stroke;

[0038] Adjust the balance of the oil pumping unit;

[0039] Check if the dynamic fluid level and indicator diagram are normal;

[0040] If normal, the data acquisition unit calculates the pumping unit's energy consumption and fluid production.

[0041] Determine whether the impulse limit has been reached;

[0042] If the target is not met, evaluate the economic benefits of the oil pumping unit.

[0043] Determine the optimal energy consumption and liquid production rate of the oil pumping unit;

[0044] Determine whether the stroke limit has been reached;

[0045] If not, then the optimal stroke and number of strokes for the pumping unit are determined.

[0046] The control method based on the above-mentioned experimental device for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit includes:

[0047] 1) Set the stroke and number of strokes of the pumping unit, and turn on the data acquisition unit;

[0048] 2) The gas-liquid mixing system mixes white oil, water, and nitrogen, and then pumps the mixed simulated crude oil into the wellbore system;

[0049] 3) Start the pumping unit, dynamometer, echo detector, RTU electrical parameter sensor, and computer;

[0050] 4) The computer adjusts the balancing device of the oil pumping unit to ensure its balance;

[0051] 5) Record the weight w1 displayed by the metering system. After running for the set time t, record the weight w2 displayed by the metering system again.

[0052] 6) The data acquisition unit collects data from the metering system, dynamometer, echo detector and RTU electrical parameter sensor, and sends it to the computer. The computer records the liquid production, dynamometer diagram, dynamic liquid level, current and energy consumption.

[0053] 7) Change the pumping unit stroke rate and repeat steps 1) to 6) to find the optimal liquid production rate, motor power, dynamic liquid level and stroke rate;

[0054] 8) Change the pumping unit stroke and repeat steps 1) to 7) to find the optimal liquid production rate, motor power, dynamic liquid level, number of strokes and stroke.

[0055] 9) Change the water cut of the oil well and repeat steps 1) to 8) to find the optimal production rate, motor power, dynamic fluid level, number of strokes and stroke under different water cuts;

[0056] 10) Change the gas content of the oil well and repeat steps 1) to 9) to find the optimal production rate, motor power, dynamic fluid level, number of strokes and stroke under different gas contents.

[0057] Furthermore, the white oil is heated to 80°C–90°C before mixing;

[0058] The water is heated to 80℃~90℃ before mixing.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages:

[0060] 1) It has the functions of oil well lifting, metering and gathering, and can carry out research work indoors. The working conditions can be reproduced in a simple, repeatable and low-cost manner. It collects complete data, optimizes oil well production parameters, has good field application effect and has promotion and application value.

[0061] 2) By controlling the pumping unit parameters at different stages of the oil well under multiple parameters (energy consumption, production, dynamic fluid level and dynamometer diagram, etc.), the production parameters are analyzed and optimized to enable the oil well to reach the best production state, reduce the energy consumption and production cost of the oil well, and increase the economic output of the oil well. It has strong mechanistic and practical applications.

[0062] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0064] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental apparatus for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0065] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an oil pumping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0066] Figure 3 A flowchart of a data acquisition and control system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0067] Attached reference numerals: 1. Walking beam balancing device; 2. Tail beam balancing device; 3. Variable frequency motor; 4. Pumping unit; 5. Polished rod; 6. Dynamometer; 7. Valve 1 on tubing; 8. Valve 2 on tubing; 9. Valve 1 on casing; 10. Valve 2 on casing; 11. Casing; 12. Tubing; 13. Tubing pump; 14. Check valve; 15. Echo detector; 16. Back pressure pump; 17. Pressure gauge 1; 18. Pressure gauge 2; 19. Pressure gauge 3; 20. Vent valve 1; 21. Injection pump; 22. Oil tank; 23. Vent valve 2; 24. Pressure gauge 4; 25. Control valve 1; 26. Flow meter 1; 27. Pressure gauge 5 28. Vent valve 3; 29. ​​Control valve 2; 30. Water tank; 31. Gas tank; 32. Control valve 3; 33. Flow meter 2; 34. Pressure gauge 6; 35. Flow meter 3; 36. Metering tank; 37. Weighing sensor; 38. Vent valve 4; 39. Cable; 40. RTU electrical parameter sensor; 41. Pipeline; 42. Data acquisition unit; 43. Computer; 44. Suspension rope device; 45. Suspension rope; 46. Donkey head; 47. Walking beam; 48. Support; 49. Crossbeam; 50. Connecting rod; 51. Crank pin device; 52. Crank device; 53. Reducer; 54. Brake device; 55. Base; 56. Belt. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes an experimental device for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit, comprising: a pumping unit 4, a wellbore system, a metering system, a gas-liquid mixing system, a polished rod 5, a dynamometer 6, an echo detector 15, an RTU electrical parameter sensor 40, and a data acquisition and control system.

[0070] The data acquisition and control system includes a data acquisition unit 42 and a computer 43;

[0071] The oil pumping unit 4 is connected to the RTU electrical parameter sensor 40 and the computer 43 via cable 39;

[0072] The pumping unit 4 is connected to the wellbore system via a polished rod 5;

[0073] The dynamometer 6 is mounted on the optical rod 5 and is connected to the data acquisition unit 42 via cable 39.

[0074] The well system and the metering system are connected via pipeline 41;

[0075] The metering system is connected to the data acquisition unit 42 via cable 39;

[0076] The gas-liquid mixing system is connected to the wellbore system and the data acquisition unit 42;

[0077] The echo detector 15 is connected to the well system and the data acquisition unit 42;

[0078] The RTU electrical parameter sensor 40 is connected to the data acquisition unit 42 via cable 39;

[0079] The data acquisition unit 42 is connected to the computer 43 via cable 39.

[0080] Oil pumping unit 4 is used for oil extraction;

[0081] Wellbore systems are used to simulate actual oil wells;

[0082] A metering system used to weigh the crude oil extracted from the wellbore system;

[0083] A gas-liquid mixing system is used to mix white oil, water, and nitrogen to simulate oils with different water contents.

[0084] The data acquisition and control system consists of a computer 43 and a data acquisition unit 42. The data acquisition unit 42 collects data and transmits it wirelessly to the computer 43. The computer 43 controls the pumping unit 4 by controlling the variable frequency motor 3 through the collection, processing and analysis of the data.

[0085] Polished rod 5 is used to seal the wellhead and prevent leakage of white oil, nitrogen and water;

[0086] The dynamometer 6 is used to measure the load and stroke of the beam pumping unit 4 and to calculate the dynamometer diagram representing the working condition of the pumping unit 4.

[0087] Echo detector 15 is used to measure the height of the liquid level in the well system;

[0088] RTU electrical parameter sensor 40 is used to measure the current, voltage and power of beam pumping unit 4;

[0089] Data acquisition unit 42 is used to acquire data from the metering system, dynamometer 6, echo detector 15 and RTU electrical parameter sensor 40;

[0090] Computer 43 is used to generate information such as liquid production, indicator diagram, dynamic liquid level, current and energy consumption based on the data collected by data acquisition unit 42.

[0091] The present invention provides an experimental device for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit, which can simulate multiple control parameters of an actual oil well, study the control of four parameters of the pumping unit at different stages of the oil well under multiple parameters, and obtain the optimal four parameters of the pumping unit at different stages of the oil well.

[0092] The experimental device for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit also includes a circulating process system;

[0093] The circulating process system refers to the system where the liquid coming out of the pipeline directly enters the metering tank 36, while the gas supply unit, water supply unit, and oil supply unit keep the liquid level of the well system stable.

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, the oil pumping unit 4 includes a walking beam balancing device 1, a tail beam balancing device 2, a variable frequency motor 3, a suspension rope device 44, a suspension rope 45, a donkey head 46, a walking beam 47, a support 48, a crossbeam 49, a connecting rod 50, a crank pin device 51, a crank device 52, a reducer 53, a brake device 54, a base 55, and a conveyor belt 56.

[0095] The walking beam balancing device 1, the tail beam balancing device 2, and the variable frequency motor 3 are connected to the computer 43 via cable 39.

[0096] The data acquisition and control system is used to regulate the state of the walking beam balancing device 1 and the tail beam balancing device 2 to keep the pumping unit 4 balanced. The data acquisition and control system is also used to change the speed of the variable frequency motor 3 and adjust its output power.

[0097] A variable frequency motor 3 is mounted on a base 55. A boss is mounted on the base 55, and a reducer 53 is mounted on the boss. The reducer 53 is connected to the variable frequency motor 3 via a belt 56. A brake device 54 is connected to the reducer 53. A crank device 52 is connected to the reducer 53. The crank device 52 is connected to the connecting rod 50 via a crank pin device 51. A crossbeam 49 is mounted on the connecting rod 50. The connecting rod 50 is connected to a walking beam 47. The walking beam 47 is rotatably connected to a bracket 48. One end of the walking beam 47 is connected to a donkey head 46. One end of the suspension rope 45 is connected to the top of the donkey head 46, and the other end is connected to a suspension rope device 44. A walking beam balancing device 1 is mounted on the upper surface of the walking beam 47, and a tail beam balancing device 2 is mounted at the tail of the walking beam 47.

[0098] Both the walking beam balancing device 1 and the tail beam balancing device 2 are adjusted by using a screw to push and pull the counterweight. By adjusting the positions of the two, the pumping unit 4 can be made to reach a balanced state.

[0099] Stroke data for pumping unit 4: The four stroke lengths are 3 meters, 2 meters, 1 meter and 0.8 meters respectively.

[0100] The wellbore system includes tubing valve 1-7, tubing valve 2-8, casing valve 1-9, casing valve 2-10, casing 11, tubing 12, tubing pump 13, check valve 14, pressure gauge 3-19, and vent valve 1-20.

[0101] An oil pipe 12 is fitted inside the casing 11;

[0102] The tubular pump 13 is installed inside the oil pipe 12, and a check valve 14 is installed at the bottom.

[0103] The tubular pump 13 is connected to the oil pumping unit 4 via the polished rod 5;

[0104] One end of the casing 11 is equipped with a casing valve 9, and the other end is equipped with a casing valve 10. A pressure gauge 19 and a vent valve 20 are installed at the bottom of the casing 11. The casing valve 10 is connected to the echo detector 15.

[0105] One end of the oil pipe 12 is equipped with an oil pipe valve 7, and the other end is equipped with an oil pipe valve 8.

[0106] Casing 11 is used to support the wellbore wall;

[0107] Tubing 12 is a passage for white oil, water, and nitrogen to rise from the bottom of the well to the wellhead;

[0108] The tubular pump 13 is a power unit used to move white oil, water and nitrogen from the bottom of the well to the surface; the tubular pump 13 includes two types of pumps with diameters of 32 mm and 38 mm;

[0109] One-way valve 14 is a valve that allows only white oil, water and nitrogen to enter but not to exit;

[0110] Pressure gauge 319 is used to measure the pressure at the bottom of the wellbore system;

[0111] Vent valve 20 is used to facilitate the venting of liquids and gases from the wellbore system after the experiment.

[0112] The wellbore system can simulate the actual oil well conditions and provide a stable wellbore system fluid level for experiments.

[0113] The metering system includes a back pressure pump 16, pressure gauge 17, pressure gauge 2 18, metering tank 36, weighing sensor 37, and vent valve 4 38.

[0114] One end of the back pressure pump 16 is connected to the oil pipe 12, and the other end is connected to the metering tank 36 through the pipeline 41;

[0115] Pressure gauge 17 is located on one side of the back pressure pump 16 and is connected to valve 7 on the oil pipe. Pressure gauge 218 is located on the other side of the back pressure pump 16 and is connected to the metering tank 36 through pipeline 41.

[0116] The weighing sensor 37 is located at the bottom of the metering tank 36 and is connected to the data acquisition device 42 via a cable 39.

[0117] Vent valve 4 38 is located at the bottom of metering tank 36.

[0118] Back pressure pump 16 is used to pressurize pipeline 41 to facilitate the flow of white oil, nitrogen and water in pipeline 41;

[0119] Measuring tank 36 is used to weigh and measure the collected liquid;

[0120] Weighing sensor 37 is used to convert the weight of the liquid into a digital signal and send it to data acquisition unit 42;

[0121] The metering system can accurately measure the changes in the amount of oil in the metering tank 36, providing accurate data for confirming the optimal parameters of the pumping unit 4 at different stages.

[0122] The gas-liquid mixing system includes an injection pump 21, an oil supply unit, a water supply unit, and a gas supply unit;

[0123] One end of the injection pump 21 is connected to the oil supply unit, water supply unit and air supply unit through pipeline 41, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the casing 11 through pipeline 41;

[0124] The oil supply unit, water supply unit, and gas supply unit are all connected to the data acquisition unit 42 via cable 39.

[0125] Injection pump 21 is used to inject a certain proportion of white oil, water and nitrogen into the well system;

[0126] The oil supply unit is used to store white oil and pump out a fixed amount of white oil.

[0127] A water supply unit is used to store water and pump out a fixed amount of water.

[0128] The gas supply unit is used to store nitrogen and pump out a fixed amount of nitrogen.

[0129] The gas-liquid mixing system mixes at least two of the following components—gas, water, and white oil—in different proportions according to the settings, and can simulate oils with different water contents.

[0130] The oil supply unit includes an oil tank 22, a flow meter 26, a vent valve 23, a pressure gauge 4 24, and a control valve 25;

[0131] Vent valve 23 and pressure gauge 4 are located at the bottom of oil tank 22;

[0132] One end of the flow meter 26 is connected to the oil tank 22, and the other end is connected to the injection pump 21 through the pipeline 41;

[0133] Control valve 25 is located between flow meter 26 and oil tank 22;

[0134] The flow meter 26 is connected to the data acquisition unit 42 via cable 39;

[0135] Oil tank 22 is used to store white oil;

[0136] Vent valve 23 is used to vent the white oil in oil tank 22 after the experiment is completed;

[0137] Pressure gauge 424 is used to observe the pressure of oil tank 22;

[0138] Control valve 25 is used to control the speed at which white oil from oil tank 22 flows into the wellbore system;

[0139] Flow meter 26 is used to measure the flow rate of oil.

[0140] The oil supply unit can provide heated white oil at a constant flow rate according to demand, thereby preparing crude oil with different water contents.

[0141] The water supply unit includes a water tank 30, a flow meter 35, a pressure gauge 5 27, a vent valve 3 28, and a control valve 2 29;

[0142] Pressure gauge 527 and vent valve 328 are located at the bottom of water tank 30;

[0143] One end of the flow meter 35 is connected to the water tank 30, and the other end is connected to the injection pump 21 through the pipeline 41;

[0144] Control valve 29 is located between flow meter 35 and water tank 30;

[0145] The flow meter 35 and the data acquisition unit 42 are connected by cable 39.

[0146] Pressure gauge 5.27 is used to observe the pressure inside water tank 30;

[0147] Vent valve 328 is used to drain water from water tank 30 after the experiment.

[0148] Control valve 29 is used to control the speed at which water flows into the well system;

[0149] Water tank 30, used for storing water;

[0150] The flow meter 35 is used to measure the flow rate of water.

[0151] The water supply unit can provide heated water at a constant flow rate according to demand, thereby producing crude oil with different water contents.

[0152] The gas supply unit includes a gas tank 31, a flow meter 33, a control valve 32, and a pressure gauge 6 34;

[0153] Pressure gauge 634 is located at the bottom of gas tank 31;

[0154] One end of flow meter 233 is connected to gas tank 31, and the other end is connected to injection pump 21 through pipeline 41;

[0155] Control valve 32 is located between flow meter 2 33 and gas tank 31;

[0156] The flow meter 33 and the data acquisition unit 42 are connected by cable 39.

[0157] The gas supply unit provides gas at a constant flow rate according to demand, thereby producing crude oil with different gas contents.

[0158] Based on the above-described experimental setup for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit, this embodiment proposes a control method for this experimental setup, including:

[0159] 1) Based on the actual oil well conditions (water cut and gas content), prepare white oil, water and nitrogen with the same viscosity as a certain proportion of crude oil, and connect the various components of the experimental device through pipeline 41. The outlet of the gas-liquid mixing system is connected to the inlet of the simulated well system through injection pump 21. Set the stroke and number of strokes of the pumping unit 4, and turn on the data acquisition device 42.

[0160] 2) White oil and water with the same viscosity as crude oil have been prepared and loaded into the oil supply unit (heated to 80℃~90℃), the water supply unit (heated to 80℃~90℃), and the gas supply unit, respectively. The gas-liquid mixing system pumps white oil, water, and nitrogen into pipeline 41 in a certain proportion. The mixture is then pumped into the wellbore system from the bottom through injection pump 21, forming a liquid level in the wellbore system and providing a stable liquid supply environment for the rod pump driven by the pumping unit 4. The fluid located at the outlet of the simulated wellbore system will flow out of the wellbore system and reach the metering tank 36 through pipeline 41.

[0161] 3) The liquid in pipeline 41 is blocked by the back pressure pump 16 at the front end of the inlet pipe of metering tank 36, forming a liquid flow with a pressure of 0.1-0.3Mpa into metering tank 36; start the pumping unit 4, dynamometer 6, echo detector 15, RTU electrical parameter sensor 40 and computer 43;

[0162] 4) Computer 43 adjusts the walking beam balancing device 1 and tail beam balancing device 2 located in the pumping unit 4 to balance the pumping unit 4 (balance means that the ratio of the current generated by the upstroke to the current generated by the downstroke of the pumping unit 4 is 1).

[0163] 5) After normal operation, record the weight w1 displayed by the metering system (metering tank 36). After running for a set time t, record the weight w2 displayed by the metering system (metering tank 36).

[0164] 6) Data acquisition unit 42 collects data from metering system (metering tank 36), dynamometer 6, echo detector 15 and RTU electrical parameter sensor 40, and sends it to computer 43. Computer 43 records liquid production = (w2-w1) / t, dynamometer diagram, dynamic liquid level, current and energy consumption.

[0165] 7) Change the pumping unit stroke rate using computer 43, and repeat steps 1) to 6) to find the optimal liquid production rate, motor power, dynamic liquid level and stroke rate;

[0166] 8) Change the pumping unit to 4 strokes and repeat steps 1) to 7) to find the optimal liquid production rate, motor power, dynamic liquid level, number of strokes and stroke.

[0167] 9) Change the water cut of the oil well and repeat steps 1) to 8) to find the optimal production rate, motor power, dynamic fluid level, number of strokes and stroke under different water cuts;

[0168] 10) Change the gas content of the oil well and repeat steps 1) to 9) to find the optimal production rate, motor power, dynamic fluid level, number of strokes and stroke under different gas contents.

[0169] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific control steps of the data acquisition and control system are as follows:

[0170] Step S301: Set a 4-stroke value for the pumping unit; for example, set the stroke value to 0.8 meters, 1 meter, 2 meters or 3 meters, etc.

[0171] Step S302: Computer 43 sets the initial value and increment of the pumping unit's 4 strokes; for example, the initial value of the strokes is set to 1 stroke, 2 strokes or 3 strokes, etc., and the increment is 1 stroke;

[0172] Step S303: Computer 43 adjusts the balance of pumping unit 4;

[0173] Step S304: Check if the dynamic liquid level and indicator diagram are normal; if normal, proceed to step S305; if not normal, proceed to step S302; (ensure that the tubular pump 13 is below the liquid level and a quadrilateral indicator diagram image appears, which is normal).

[0174] Step S305: Data acquisition unit 42 calculates the energy consumption and liquid production of pumping unit 4;

[0175] Step S306: Determine whether the impulse limit has been reached; if not, proceed to step S307; if so, proceed to step S302.

[0176] Step S307: Data acquisition unit 42 evaluates the economic benefits of pumping unit 4 (if the liquid volume is relatively the largest and the power of pumping unit 4 measured by RTU electrical parameter sensor 40 is the lowest, then pumping unit 4 is considered to have good economic benefits).

[0177] Step S308: Data acquisition unit 42 determines the optimal energy consumption and liquid production of pumping unit 4;

[0178] Step S309: Data acquisition unit 42 determines whether the stroke value limit has been reached; if not, it jumps to step S310; if the stroke value limit has been reached, it jumps to step S301.

[0179] Step S310: Data acquisition unit 42 obtains the optimal stroke and number of strokes for pumping unit 4.

[0180] The experimental apparatus and control method for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit proposed in this invention have at least the following advantages:

[0181] 1) It has the functions of oil well lifting, metering and gathering, and can carry out research work indoors. The working conditions can be reproduced in a simple, repeatable and low-cost manner. It collects complete data, optimizes oil well production parameters, has good field application effect and has promotion and application value.

[0182] 2) By controlling the pumping unit parameters at different stages of the oil well under multiple parameters (energy consumption, production, dynamic fluid level and dynamometer diagram, etc.), the production parameters are analyzed and optimized to enable the oil well to reach the best production state, reduce the energy consumption and production cost of the oil well, and increase the economic output of the oil well. It has strong mechanistic and practical applications.

[0183] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit, characterized in that, include: Pumping unit (4), wellbore system, metering system, gas-liquid mixing system, polished rod (5), dynamometer (6), echo detector (15), RTU electrical parameter sensor (40), and data acquisition and control system; The data acquisition and control system includes a data acquisition unit (42) and a computer (43). The oil pumping unit (4) is connected to the RTU electrical parameter sensor (40) and the computer (43); The pumping unit (4) is connected to the wellbore system via a polished rod (5); The dynamometer (6) is mounted on the optical rod (5) and connected to the data acquisition unit (42); The wellbore system is connected to the metering system; The metering system is connected to the data acquisition unit (42); The gas-liquid mixing system is connected to the wellbore system and the data acquisition unit (42); The echo detector (15) is connected to the wellbore system and the data acquisition unit (42); The RTU electrical parameter sensor (40) is connected to the data acquisition unit (42); The data acquisition unit (42) is connected to the computer (43); the pumping unit (4) includes a walking beam balancing device (1), a tail beam balancing device (2) and a variable frequency motor (3). The walking beam balancing device (1), tail beam balancing device (2) and variable frequency motor (3) are connected to the computer (43); the well system includes casing (11), tubing (12), tubular pump (13) and check valve (14). An oil pipe (12) is fitted inside the casing (11); The tubular pump (13) is installed inside the oil pipe (12) and a check valve (14) is installed at the bottom. The tubular pump (13) is connected to the pumping unit (4) via a smooth rod (5); the metering system includes a back pressure pump (16), a metering tank (36), and a weighing sensor (37). One end of the back pressure pump (16) is connected to the oil pipe (12), and the other end is connected to the metering tank (36); The weighing sensor (37) is located at the bottom of the metering tank (36) and connected to the data acquisition unit (42); the gas-liquid mixing system includes an injection pump (21), an oil supply unit, a water supply unit and a gas supply unit; One end of the injection pump (21) is connected to the oil supply unit, the water supply unit and the air supply unit, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the casing (11); The oil supply unit, water supply unit and gas supply unit are all connected to the data acquisition unit (42); the oil supply unit includes an oil tank (22) and a flow meter (26). One end of the flow meter (26) is connected to the oil tank (22), and the other end is connected to the injection pump (21); The flow meter 1 (26) is connected to the data acquisition unit (42); the water supply unit includes a water tank (30) and a flow meter 3 (35). One end of the flow meter (35) is connected to the water tank (30), and the other end is connected to the injection pump (21); The flow meter three (35) is connected to the data acquisition unit (42); the gas supply unit includes a gas tank (31) and a flow meter two (33); One end of the flow meter (33) is connected to the gas tank (31), and the other end is connected to the injection pump (21); The flow meter (33) is connected to the data acquisition unit (42); the control steps of the data acquisition and control system are as follows: Set a stroke value for the pumping unit (4); Set the initial value and increment of the pumping unit (4) stroke; Adjust the balance of the pumping unit (4); Check if the dynamic fluid level and indicator diagram are normal; If normal, the data acquisition unit (42) calculates the energy consumption and liquid production of the pumping unit (4); Determine whether the impulse limit has been reached; If the target is not met, evaluate the economic benefits of the oil pumping unit (4); Determine the optimal energy consumption and liquid production of the oil pumping unit (4); Determine whether the stroke limit has been reached; If not, the optimal stroke and number of strokes for the pumping unit (4) are determined.

2. The control method of the experimental device for optimizing the production parameters of a beam pumping unit according to any one of claims 1, characterized in that, include: 1) Set the stroke and number of strokes of the pumping unit (4) and turn on the data acquisition unit (42). 2) The gas-liquid mixing system mixes white oil, water, and nitrogen, and then pumps the mixed simulated crude oil into the wellbore system; 3) Start the pumping unit (4), dynamometer (6), echo detector (15), RTU electrical parameter sensor (40) and computer (43); 4) The computer (43) adjusts the balancing device of the pumping unit (4) to make the pumping unit (4) balanced; 5) Record the weight w1 displayed by the metering system. After running for the set time t, record the weight w2 displayed by the metering system again. 6) The data acquisition unit (42) collects data from the metering system, dynamometer (6), echo detector (15) and RTU electrical parameter sensor (40) and sends it to the computer (43). The computer (43) records the liquid production, dynamometer diagram, dynamic liquid level, current and energy consumption. 7) Change the pumping unit (4) stroke count, repeat steps 1) to 6), and find the optimal liquid production rate, motor power, dynamic liquid level and stroke count; 8) Change the stroke of the pumping unit (4), and repeat steps 1) to 7) to find the optimal liquid production, motor power, dynamic liquid level, number of strokes and stroke; 9) Change the water cut of the oil well and repeat steps 1) to 8) to find the optimal production rate, motor power, dynamic fluid level, number of strokes and stroke under different water cuts; 10) Change the gas content of the oil well and repeat steps 1) to 9) to find the optimal production rate, motor power, dynamic fluid level, number of strokes and stroke under different gas contents.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The white oil is heated to 80℃~90℃ before mixing; The water is heated to 80℃~90℃ before mixing.

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