A small lead-cooled reactor intelligent control method and system based on data driving

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of small lead-cooled reactor intelligent control method and system based on data driving, and the data in the working process of small lead-cooled fast reactor system is collected;Based on the data generated by small lead-cooled fast reactor system operation, under normal working conditions, the control strategy of load tracking is used, when the external load changes, small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the change of external load;When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is used to ensure the safe operation of small lead-cooled reactor.The application can meet the energy demand of life production, oil and gas exploitation and other energy needs in remote marine environment, with the characteristics of low operating cost, reliable energy supply and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of reactor engineering technology, specifically relating to a data-driven intelligent control method and system for small lead-cooled reactors. Background Technology

[0002] A lead-cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor that uses liquid lead or lead-bismuth as a coolant. Its structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it has the advantages of good neutron economy, high inherent safety, and wide range of applications.

[0003] To meet the energy demands of offshore areas, a proposed offshore stationary multipurpose integrated all-natural-circulation small lead-cooled fast reactor scheme is presented. The reactor system mainly consists of two parts: The primary loop employs a fully natural circulation and pool-type structure design, overcoming the manufacturing and operational challenges of liquid metal pumps. The secondary loop utilizes a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, offering advantages such as simple structure, good heat source matching, and high efficiency. The combination of these two systems significantly improves the safety, reliability, and economy of marine nuclear power platforms.

[0004] However, while the small lead-cooled fast reactor eliminates the metal-shielded pump, reducing production and manufacturing difficulties and offering significant safety advantages, the strong coupling between nuclear power and coolant flow rate presents control challenges to some extent. The secondary loop employs the recompression SCO2 Brayton cycle, which not only boasts higher thermal efficiency than conventional Brayton cycle systems but also addresses the "pinch" problem through SCO2 diversion at the hot-side outlet of the cryogenic regenerator. However, the increased system complexity also presents control challenges. Furthermore, the strong coupling between the primary and secondary loops, coupled with their significantly different time characteristics (the primary loop using natural circulation has a slower time response, while the secondary loop using the Brayton cycle has a faster time response), further exacerbates the issue. Additionally, the characteristics of the primary and secondary loop systems differ at different power levels, exhibiting strong nonlinearity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a data-driven intelligent control method and system for small lead cold reactors, which addresses the shortcomings of the prior art and solves the technical problem of high-reliability intelligent autonomous control required for small lead cold reactors in application scenarios with few personnel.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A data-driven intelligent control method for small lead-cooled reactors includes the following steps: S1. Collect data during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system; S2. Based on the data generated by the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system obtained in step S1, under normal operating conditions, a load tracking control strategy is adopted. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the change of the external load. When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system adopts a fully natural circulation pool structure, and the operating parameters of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system are determined by a core inlet temperature control model.

[0008] More preferably, the core inlet temperature control model is as follows: The deviation between the target value and the measured value of the core inlet temperature is used as the input of the controller. At the same time, feedforward control is introduced to accelerate the adjustment speed of the primary loop and output the reactivity of the control rods. A reactivity rate limit is added to the output signal to obtain the measured value of the core inlet temperature, thus forming a closed-loop control system.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, under normal operating conditions, the power is controlled by adjusting the SCO2 flow rate at the turbine inlet, and the SCO2 flow rate is adjusted by the throttle valve in the turbine inlet pipeline.

[0010] More preferably, during the operation of the Brayton cycle system, carbon dioxide is maintained in a supercritical state, and when the load changes, the outlet temperature of the SCO2 side of the condenser is adjusted by the cooling water flow rate.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, when a fault occurs, the fault-tolerant control system based on the Kalman filter confirms whether the sensor has failed, and reconstructs the sensor measurement value using the estimated value of the Kalman filter corresponding to the sensor, thereby achieving fault-tolerant control.

[0012] More preferably, after a fault occurs, the control law is not changed. Instead, the output of the faulty sensor is reconstructed, and the reconstructed measurement value is used to replace the faulty measurement value for closed-loop control, thereby achieving fault tolerance.

[0013] More preferably, when a sensor malfunctions, the filter corresponding to the malfunctioning sensor uses only the correct subset of measurements for state estimation. The filter obtains the actual state estimate of the system and uses it to reconstruct the output value of the malfunctioning sensor.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a data-driven intelligent control system for small lead-cooled reactors, comprising: The data acquisition module collects data during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system. The fault diagnosis module, based on the data generated by the small lead-cooled fast reactor system from the acquisition module, adopts a load tracking control strategy under normal operating conditions. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the change in external load. When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor.

[0015] Preferably, the fault diagnosis module specifically comprises: Under normal operating conditions, the power is controlled by adjusting the SCO2 flow rate at the turbine inlet, and the SCO2 flow rate is adjusted by the throttle valve in the turbine inlet pipeline. During the operation of the Brayton cycle system, carbon dioxide is maintained in a supercritical state. When the load changes, the outlet temperature of the SCO2 side of the condenser is adjusted by the cooling water flow rate. When a fault occurs, the fault-tolerant control system based on the Kalman filter confirms whether the sensor has failed and reconstructs the sensor measurement value using the estimated value of the Kalman filter corresponding to the sensor, thus achieving fault-tolerant control. After a fault occurs, the control law is not changed. By reconstructing the output of the faulty sensor, the reconstructed measurement value is used to replace the faulty measurement value for closed-loop control, thus achieving fault tolerance. When a sensor fails, the filter corresponding to the faulty sensor uses the correct subset of measurements to estimate the state. The filter obtains the actual state estimate of the system, which is used to reconstruct the output value of the faulty sensor.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: A data-driven intelligent control method for small lead-cooled reactors (SDRs) is proposed. The intelligent and autonomous control system for SDRs designed using this method adopts a hierarchical structure, consisting of a decision-making layer, a control layer, and a measurement and execution layer. During operation, the SDR transmits measured data to the decision-making layer. The decision-making layer uses an automatic operating condition identification method to identify the reactor's operating state, determining whether the system is in normal or fault operation. Based on the operating condition, it makes intelligent decisions and adaptively selects the appropriate control method. When the system is in normal operation, a database of the stable correspondence between electrical power and nuclear power is established. Data-driven reactor adaptive control technology is adopted to establish a feedforward-feedback hybrid control system, improving load tracking capability. Fuzzy logic-based adaptive adjustment technology is used to achieve adaptive adjustment of different power levels. When the system is in fault operation, sensor data is used to identify the fault type through a fault diagnosis module, achieving proactive fault-tolerant control for sensor faults.

[0017] Furthermore, the small lead-cooled reactor (SDR) adopts a fully natural circulation pool structure design, eliminating the need for metal-shielded pumps, reducing production and manufacturing difficulties, and offering significant advantages in safety. It mainly consists of a core, cold pool, hot pool, and four main heat exchangers. Liquid lead serves as the coolant, and heat is removed from the core through natural circulation. The coolant is heated by the core and flows to the hot pool under the driving force of natural circulation. It then exchanges heat with the coolant in the secondary energy conversion system through the heat exchangers, finally flowing back to the cold pool from the main heat exchanger outlet, achieving a fully natural primary loop circulation.

[0018] Furthermore, the core inlet temperature, as a key operating parameter of the reactor system, is one of the controlled variables during system operation. The reactor employs a fully natural circulation pool-type structure design; therefore, controlling the core inlet temperature through control rod reactivity is the optimal control method. However, because this type of reactor has a pool-type natural circulation primary loop structure with significant thermal inertia, traditional PID control systems exhibit large fluctuations in key primary loop parameters such as nuclear power and core inlet temperature under step load reduction conditions. To reduce the overshoot of primary loop parameters during power regulation, an adaptive coordinated control method based on feedforward feedback was designed. First, different power setpoints and their corresponding core thermal power are determined according to the steady-state operation scheme and stored in a database. When the power changes, the target nuclear power value is retrieved in real time from the database, allowing the target nuclear power value to be obtained earlier than the actual change in the measured nuclear power value. Feedforward control is then achieved through the deviation between the measured nuclear power value and the target value.

[0019] Furthermore, the SCO2 power cycle is a closed-loop cycle, differing significantly from other types of open-loop cycles. Due to substantial pressure and temperature variations during power changes, the physical properties of the SCO2 system undergo drastic changes near the critical point, impacting system stability. Therefore, high demands are placed on the control system during reactor start-up and shutdown, and load variations. Based on research by domestic and international institutions and scholars on SCO2 Brayton cycle control methods, for the SCO2 closed-loop Brayton cycle, the power change process primarily employs volumetric control, turbine bypass control, and turbine inlet throttle valve control. Considering the different suitable power ranges for various control methods, turbine inlet throttle valve control is more optimal for small lead-cooled reactors; therefore, the SO2 Brayton cycle system adopts a throttle valve and venting / exhaust control strategy.

[0020] Furthermore, small lead-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) are typically located in harsh ocean or coastal areas with limited personnel. They rely on sensors to measure physical quantities within the reactor, but these sensors are prone to failure. Therefore, timely fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of the sensors in SFRs are crucial to ensure the safe and stable operation of the reactor. When a sensor malfunctions, a fault-tolerant control system based on a Kalman filter confirms the fault and reconstructs the sensor's measurement using the estimated value from the corresponding Kalman filter. This fault-tolerant control effectively prevents operator misjudgments and alerts operators, facilitating timely inspection of the faulty sensor and minimizing potential losses.

[0021] Furthermore, in fault-tolerant control systems based on Kalman filters, due to the inherent design principles of the Kalman filter, it can still output estimated values ​​of all variables even under input constraints. Therefore, after adopting a Kalman filter, even if a sensor malfunctions and causes output value distortion, the fault-tolerant control system can still reconstruct the output value of the faulty sensor based on the estimated value, thus ensuring isolation of the faulty sensor.

[0022] It is understandable that the beneficial effects of the second aspect mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0023] In summary, this invention collects data during the operation of a small lead-cooled fast reactor system; based on the data generated by the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system, a load tracking control strategy is adopted under normal operating conditions. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the changes in the external load; when a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor. It can meet the energy needs of living and production, oil and gas extraction, etc. in remote marine environments, and has the characteristics of low operating cost and reliable energy supply.

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a small lead cold reactor. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the core inlet temperature control model. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6The figure shows the test results when the electric power decreases by a step, where (a) is the normalized electric power, (b) is the normalized nuclear power, (c) is the core inlet temperature, (d) is the core outlet temperature, (e) is the coolant mass flow rate, and (f) is the inlet temperature of the SCO2 side of the main heat exchanger. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the core outlet temperature change curve; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fault indication signal change curve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0028] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0029] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this invention generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" relationship.

[0030] It should be understood that although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in the embodiments of the present invention to describe the preset range, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the preset ranges from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, the first preset range may also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range.

[0031] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "if determination" or "if detection (of the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "when determination," "in response to determination," "when detection (of the stated condition or event)," or "in response to detection (of the stated condition or event)."

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0033] Please see Figure 2 The present invention discloses a data-driven intelligent control method for small lead-cooled reactors, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect data during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system and transmit the data generated during operation to the fault diagnosis module; Core inlet temperature, as a key operating parameter of the reactor system, is one of the controlled variables during system operation. The reactor employs a fully natural circulation pool design; therefore, control rod reactivity is the optimal method for controlling the core inlet temperature. The core inlet temperature control model is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the deviation between the core inlet temperature setpoint and the measured value serves as the input to the controller. Simultaneously, feedforward control is introduced to accelerate the primary loop regulation speed, jointly outputting the control rod reactivity. To simulate the movement process of the control rods, a reactivity rate limit is added to the output signal. The measured value of the core inlet temperature is obtained from the reactor system model, forming a closed-loop control system.

[0034] S2. Based on the data generated by the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system obtained in step S1, under normal operating conditions, a load tracking control strategy is adopted. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the change of the external load. When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor.

[0035] Based on the dynamic model, the design of the traditional control system was carried out, and on this basis, an adaptive coordinated intelligent control method based on feedforward feedback was proposed.

[0036] Nuclear power plants have a large number of control devices such as sensors, actuators, and controllers. Any failure of control devices, especially sensor failures, will directly affect the normal operation of the nuclear power plant. Therefore, after the fault diagnosis module identifies the fault, an active fault-tolerant control method is proposed to ensure the safe operation of small lead-cooled reactors.

[0037] By analyzing the control strategy of the SCO2 Brayton cycle system, this invention uses the adjustment of the SCO2 flow rate at the turbine inlet to control the electrical power. Therefore, a throttle valve is used in the turbine inlet pipeline to adjust the SCO2 flow rate.

[0038] During the operation of a Brayton cycle system, carbon dioxide must be maintained in a supercritical state. Changes in load can cause temperature and pressure fluctuations, affecting system stability. The SCO2 side outlet of the condenser is closest to the critical point; therefore, to prevent main compressor surge, the condenser outlet temperature must be kept stable. The SCO2 side outlet temperature is regulated by the cooling water flow rate.

[0039] Fault-tolerant control systems based on Kalman filters can identify whether a sensor has failed based on PCA-SVM, and reconstruct the sensor measurement values ​​using the estimated values ​​of the Kalman filters corresponding to the sensors, thereby achieving fault-tolerant control.

[0040] The active fault-tolerant control method based on Kalman filtering does not require changing the control law after a fault occurs. It can achieve fault tolerance by reconstructing the output of the faulty sensor and using the reconstructed measurement value to replace the faulty measurement value for closed-loop control.

[0041] When a sensor malfunctions, the filter corresponding to the malfunctioning sensor uses only the correct subset of measurements for state estimation. This filter can obtain the actual state estimate of the system, and therefore the state estimate of the filter can be used to reconstruct the output value of the malfunctioning sensor.

[0042] In another embodiment of the present invention, a data-driven intelligent control system for small lead-cooled reactors is provided. This system can be used to implement the above-mentioned data-driven intelligent control method for small lead-cooled reactors. Specifically, the data-driven intelligent control system for small lead-cooled reactors includes a data acquisition module and a fault diagnosis module.

[0043] The data acquisition module collects data during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system. The fault diagnosis module, based on the data generated by the small lead-cooled fast reactor system from the acquisition module, adopts a load tracking control strategy under normal operating conditions. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the change in external load. When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor.

[0044] In another embodiment of the present invention, a terminal device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used for the operation of a data-driven intelligent control method for small lead-cold reactors, including: Data is collected during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system. Based on the data generated by the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system, a load tracking control strategy is adopted under normal operating conditions. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the change of the external load. When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor.

[0045] Please see Figure 4 The terminal device is a computer device. In this embodiment, the computer device 60 includes a processor 61, a memory 62, and a computer program 63 stored in the memory 62 and executable on the processor 61. When executed by the processor 61, the computer program 63 implements the fluid composition calculation method in the reservoir stimulation wellbore of this embodiment. To avoid repetition, details are omitted here. Alternatively, when executed by the processor 61, the computer program 63 implements the functions of each model / unit in the data-driven intelligent control system for small lead-cooled reactors of this embodiment. To avoid repetition, details are omitted here.

[0046] Computer device 60 can be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, cloud server, or other computing device. Computer device 60 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 61 and a memory 62. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 4 This is merely an example of computer device 60 and does not constitute a limitation on computer device 60. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, computer device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0047] The processor 61 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0048] The memory 62 can be an internal storage unit of the computer device 60, such as a hard disk or RAM of the computer device 60. The memory 62 can also be an external storage device of the computer device 60, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc. equipped on the computer device 60.

[0049] Furthermore, the memory 62 may include both internal storage units of the computer device 60 and external storage devices. The memory 62 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the computer device. The memory 62 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0050] Please see Figure 5 The terminal device is a chip. In this embodiment, the chip 600 includes a processor 622, which may be one or more, and a memory 632 for storing computer programs executable by the processor 622. The computer program stored in the memory 632 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processor 622 may be configured to execute the computer program to perform the aforementioned data-driven smart control method for small lead-cooled reactors.

[0051] Additionally, chip 600 may include a power supply component 626 and a communication component 650. The power supply component 626 can be configured to perform power management of chip 600, and the communication component 650 can be configured to enable communication of chip 600, such as wired or wireless communication. Furthermore, chip 600 may include an input / output (I / O) interface 658. Chip 600 can operate on an operating system stored in memory 632.

[0052] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory). This computer-readable storage medium is a memory device in a terminal device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the terminal device and extended storage media supported by the terminal device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, this storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0053] One or more instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the corresponding steps of the data-driven intelligent control method for small lead cold reactors in the above embodiments; one or more instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are loaded and executed by the processor to perform the following steps: Data is collected during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system. Based on the data generated by the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system, a load tracking control strategy is adopted under normal operating conditions. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the change of the external load. When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is adopted to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor.

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Please see Figure 6The data-driven intelligent control method for small lead-cooled reactors (SDRs) demonstrates the following performance in step power reduction: the core inlet temperature fluctuation is significantly reduced, and the settling time is shorter, reflecting the better control effect of the adaptive control system at different power levels. The adaptive control system also exhibits smaller overshoot and shorter settling time for key parameters such as nuclear power and condenser outlet temperature, all of which effectively improve reactor safety and optimize the control system of SDRs.

[0056] To verify the feasibility of the Kalman filter fault-tolerant control method, simulation studies were conducted on the following faults: the core outlet temperature sensor experienced a constant deviation fault at 200s with a deviation of 50K; the core outlet temperature sensor experienced a constant gain fault at 200s with a gain of 0.1K / s.

[0057] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8 The constant deviation fault is easy to diagnose and fault-tolerant. The WSSR value of the core outlet temperature sensor is less than the threshold, while the WSSR value of the reactor power sensor quickly exceeds the threshold after the fault occurs. Therefore, it can be determined that the core outlet temperature sensor has failed. In the fault-tolerant control, the estimated value of the Kalman filter corresponding to the core outlet temperature sensor is used to replace the sensor's measured value. The final output core outlet temperature value will not fluctuate greatly due to the sensor failure, thus realizing fault-tolerant control of the small lead-cooled reactor control system.

[0058] In summary, this invention provides a data-driven intelligent control method and system for small lead-cooled reactors (SDRs). It collects data during the operation of the SDR system. Based on this data, under normal operating conditions, a load-tracking control strategy is adopted, automatically adapting to changes in external load. In case of a fault, an active fault-tolerant control method is employed to ensure the safe operation of the SDR. Operating condition identification tests and verifications were conducted based on normal and fault operation data. Test results show that the intelligent control method and system exhibit excellent control performance, superior to traditional PID control, and can meet the energy needs of living and production, oil and gas extraction, etc., in remote marine environments.

[0059] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0060] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0062] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminals and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0063] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0064] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0065] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0066] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0067] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0068] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0069] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A data-driven intelligent control method for small lead cold reactors, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect data during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system; S2. Based on the data generated by the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system obtained in step S1, under normal operating conditions, the power is controlled by adjusting the SCO2 flow rate at the turbine inlet. The SCO2 flow rate is adjusted by the throttle valve in the turbine inlet pipeline. During the operation of the Brayton cycle system, carbon dioxide is maintained in a supercritical state. When the load changes, the outlet temperature of the SCO2 side of the condenser is adjusted by the cooling water flow rate. When a fault occurs, the fault-tolerant control system based on Kalman filters confirms whether a sensor has failed based on PCA-SVM, and reconstructs the sensor measurement value using the estimated value of the Kalman filter corresponding to the sensor, thus achieving fault-tolerant control. The active fault-tolerant control method based on Kalman filters does not need to change the control law after a fault occurs. It achieves fault tolerance by reconstructing the output of the faulty sensor and using the reconstructed measurement value to replace the faulty measurement value for closed-loop control. When a sensor fails, the filter corresponding to the faulty sensor only uses the correct subset of measurements for state estimation. The filter obtains the actual state estimate of the system, and therefore the state estimate of the filter is used to reconstruct the output value of the faulty sensor.

2. The data-driven intelligent control method for small lead cold reactors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system adopts a fully natural circulation pool structure, and the operating parameters of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system are determined by using a core inlet temperature control model.

3. The data-driven intelligent control method for small lead cold reactors according to claim 2, characterized in that, The core inlet temperature control model is as follows: The deviation between the target value and the measured value of the core inlet temperature is used as the input of the controller. At the same time, feedforward control is introduced to accelerate the adjustment speed of the primary loop and output the reactivity of the control rods. A reactivity rate limit is added to the output signal to obtain the measured value of the core inlet temperature, thus forming a closed-loop control system.

4. A data-driven intelligent control system for small lead cold reactors, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module collects data during the operation of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system. The fault diagnosis module, based on the data generated by the small lead-cooled fast reactor system from the acquisition module, employs a load-tracking control strategy under normal operating conditions. When the external load changes, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system automatically follows the changes in the external load. When a fault occurs, an active fault-tolerant control method is used on the basis of PCA-SVM to confirm whether the sensor has failed, in order to ensure the safe operation of the small lead-cooled reactor. The fault diagnosis module specifically includes: Under normal operating conditions, the power is controlled by adjusting the SCO2 flow rate at the turbine inlet, and the SCO2 flow rate is adjusted by the throttle valve in the turbine inlet pipeline. During the operation of the Brayton cycle system, carbon dioxide is maintained in a supercritical state. When the load changes, the outlet temperature of the SCO2 side of the condenser is adjusted by the cooling water flow rate. When a fault occurs, the fault-tolerant control system based on the Kalman filter confirms whether the sensor has failed and reconstructs the sensor measurement value using the estimated value of the Kalman filter corresponding to the sensor, thus achieving fault-tolerant control. After a fault occurs, the control law is not changed. By reconstructing the output of the faulty sensor, the reconstructed measurement value is used to replace the faulty measurement value for closed-loop control, thus achieving fault tolerance. When a sensor fails, the filter corresponding to the faulty sensor uses the correct subset of measurements to estimate the state. The filter obtains the actual state estimate of the system, which is used to reconstruct the output value of the faulty sensor.

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