Wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on u-shaped decoupling structure of substrate integrated ridge waveguide

Abstract

The application discloses a substrate integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure. The antenna comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate, a third dielectric plate and a fourth dielectric plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; and a feeding excitation structure, a radiation structure and a decoupling structure are formed. The application reduces the unit width through the design of the ridge structure, realizes a wide-angle scanning waveguide slot array based on a PCB, realizes a collinear slot array through the design of the meandering ridge, and reduces the complexity of the design. The center feeding of the H-shaped coupling slot ensures the stability of matching and a radiation pattern. The U-shaped decoupling structure improves the isolation of the antenna to achieve wide-angle scanning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antennas in electronic communication technology, and more specifically to a substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas are essential components of wireless systems, and scanning phased array antennas are an important type of antenna. Phased arrays can change the direction of high-gain beams or form specific beam shapes as needed, making them valuable for millimeter-wave communication (including 5G / 6G), radar, imaging, and detection systems. Based on the dimension of beam scanning, phased arrays are divided into one-dimensional and two-dimensional scanning. Although they can only achieve unidirectional scanning, they require fewer phase / amplitude control channels and are less expensive. Therefore, one-dimensional scanning phased arrays are more suitable for most microwave and millimeter-wave wireless applications, such as 5G / 6G millimeter-wave terminals and small base stations, and vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar.

[0003] Existing phased array antenna research employs different frequency bands and implementation methods. These methods include waveguide slot arrays, microstrip patches, and magnetoelectric dipoles. Y. Wen et al., in "Wide-Beam SIW-Slot Antenna for Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array," in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagationletters, vol.15, pp.1638-1641, 2016, doi:10.1109 / LAWP.2016.2519938, proposed a substrate-integrated waveguide slot antenna with wide-angle scanning. They designed an 8*4 slot array in the 5.4-6.5 GHz band with a 3dB roll-off scan angle of ±71°. However, this design suffers from poor integration, and the "tilted slots" require a high beamwidth, preventing its application to high-dielectric-constant dielectric materials. Furthermore, the antenna scanning symmetry is poor. In their paper "A Wide Beam Antenna for Wide-Angle Scanning Linear Phased Arrays in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.19, no.12, pp.2122-2126, Dec.2020, doi:10.1109 / LAWP.2020.3024617", H. Yang et al. proposed a magnetoelectric dipole phased array antenna and conducted scanning studies on the E-plane and H-plane respectively. The H-plane study used the 10-11.5 GHz frequency band with 12 array elements and achieved a maximum scanning angle of ±90°, but its overall gain was not high.

[0004] Existing research on substrate-integrated ridge waveguide slot array antennas mostly focuses on improving bandwidth, high gain, and low sidelobe voltage. Applied solutions for scanning phased arrays are still relatively rare. For example, A. Mallahzadeh et al., in "A Low Cross-Polarization Slotted Ridged SIW Array Antenna Design With Mutual Coupling Considerations," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.63, no.10, pp.4324-4333, oct.2015, doi:10.1109 / TAP.2015.2457952, proposed a substrate-integrated ridge waveguide collinear slot antenna that achieves a relative bandwidth of only 6% at a center frequency of 10 GHz, a sidelobe level down to -25 dB, and a maximum gain of 20 dBi for an 8x8 array element.

[0005] Existing methods to improve the scanning capability of phased arrays include: 1. Using array elements with wide beamwidths to achieve wider coverage by increasing the beamwidth of the array elements by 3dB; 2. Using decoupling networks to suppress inter-element coupling, as mutual coupling of the array antenna affects active matching and active radiation patterns, thus reducing scanning gain; 3. Based on radiation pattern reconfiguration technology, using reconfigurable narrow beams to jointly cover a large area. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.

[0007] A substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure includes a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, and a fourth dielectric substrate stacked sequentially from bottom to top.

[0008] The first dielectric substrate contains a grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure and an I-shaped coupling slot, forming a feeding and excitation structure. The I-shaped coupling slot is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate. The grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure includes a grounded coplanar waveguide located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate and multiple first metal through holes penetrating the first dielectric substrate. Since the SIW transmission line cannot be directly connected to an external circuit, a grounded coplanar waveguide adapter structure is used. An SMA connector is located on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the grounded coplanar waveguide is connected to the SMA connector. In the grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure, I-shaped coupling slots are set on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide to achieve upward energy transmission and feed the upper layer.

[0009] Multiple radiating slot elements are formed on the third dielectric substrate. The number of radiating slot elements and I-shaped coupling slots are equal. Each radiating slot element includes multiple collinear radiating slots arranged in a row. Two radiating slot elements are arranged in a row to form a single column subarray element, and multiple column subarray elements are arranged in columns to form an antenna array. Multiple second metal vias are provided that simultaneously penetrate the second and third dielectric substrates. Each group of radiating slot elements must be surrounded by at least one ring of second metal vias. Electromagnetic waves are confined between the second and third dielectric substrates through the second metal vias and the metal surfaces of the second and third dielectric substrates. The substrate integrated ridge waveguide (RSIW) is a structure in which periodically arranged metal pillars are embedded in the dielectric substrate of the substrate integrated waveguide, which is equivalent to a waveguide ridge. This method can expand the single-mode operating bandwidth, reduce the waveguide width, and increase the wide element beamwidth required for phased array scanning.

[0010] Multiple ridge metal strips are arranged on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. The number of ridge metal strips is equal to the number of radiating slot units. Each ridge metal strip is located directly below a radiating slot unit. The ridge metal strip is a tortuous metal strip. Each bend of the ridge metal strip is located directly below the center of each radiating slot in the corresponding radiating slot unit, which plays a role in turbulence. This makes the current distribution on the RSIW surface no longer the surface current corresponding to the TE10 mode of the original SIW. The lateral current cancels each other out on both sides. The radiating slot unit opened in the center line can effectively cut the longitudinal current of the surface to radiate electromagnetic waves. A row of metal pillars penetrating the second dielectric substrate is arranged along the ridge metal strip directly below all the ridge metal strips. The ridge metal strips and the metal pillars below are equivalent to the ridge of the ridge waveguide, which is defined as the equivalent ridge, and plays a role in turbulence of the current.

[0011] The second and third dielectric plates constitute a radial structure;

[0012] To improve antenna isolation, a U-shaped decoupling structure is provided directly above the positions of adjacent radiation slots in each column of the corresponding subarray element on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate, forming a decoupling structure.

[0013] Furthermore, in the first dielectric substrate, n grounded coplanar waveguide-to-SIW structures are provided, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 4. The n grounded coplanar waveguide-to-SIW structures are arranged in a row along the central axis of the first dielectric substrate. Each grounded coplanar waveguide-to-SIW structure has one I-shaped coupling slot on each side of the grounded coplanar waveguide, and a total of 2n I-shaped coupling slots are provided.

[0014] Furthermore, the third dielectric substrate is provided with 2n radiating slot elements. Each radiating element is provided with m collinear radiating slots arranged in a row, where m is an even number greater than or equal to 4. Two radiating slot elements are arranged in rows to form a single column subarray element, and n column subarray elements are arranged in columns to form an antenna array. That is, the 2n×m radiating slots in the antenna array are arranged in the form of 2m columns and n rows.

[0015] Furthermore, the second metal through holes between two adjacent radiative slot units in the same row can be set in one row or two rows. When set in one row, the second metal through holes in that row also serve as part of the metal through hole ring surrounding the two radiative slot units. When set in two rows, each of the two radiative slot units is surrounded by a ring of second metal through holes.

[0016] Furthermore, the I-shaped coupling slot is located directly below the center of the radiating slot element; this ensures that the phase and amplitude of the feed from the I-shaped coupling slot to each radiating slot in the radiating slot element are the same, and this parallel feed structure guarantees the stability of the in-band impedance and radiation pattern.

[0017] Furthermore, the ridge metal strip is broken in the middle, and the break point is located directly above the I-shaped coupling gap, ensuring that energy can be transmitted upward without interference from metal and metal pillars.

[0018] Furthermore, the U-shaped decoupling structure includes a long side and two short arms. The two short arms in a U-shaped decoupling structure are located above two adjacent radial slots in the same column. When viewed from directly above, the two short arms partially overlap with the corresponding radial slots. The two ends of the long side are connected to one end of the two short arms, forming a U-shaped structure.

[0019] The n radial slots in the same column correspond to n-1 U-shaped decoupling structures.

[0020] Furthermore, the U-shaped decoupling structures on both sides of the central axis are symmetrically arranged about the central axis. The coupling between array elements is canceled out by the reverse coupling cancellation method, thereby improving the isolation and the scanning capability of the phased array, thus forming a decoupling structure.

[0021] Furthermore, the I-shaped coupling gaps on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide are symmetrically arranged about the central axis;

[0022] The radial slots in the radial slot unit are spaced equally and are symmetrically arranged about the I-shaped coupling slot below the center of the radial slot unit.

[0023] Furthermore, the surfaces of the first, second, and third dielectric substrates are all copper-clad, and the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is copper-clad.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0025] This invention reduces the element width through a ridge structure design, enabling a wide-angle scanning waveguide slot array based on a PCB. The meandering ridge design achieves a collinear slot array, reducing design complexity. I-shaped coupling slot center feeding ensures matching and pattern stability. The U-shaped decoupling structure improves antenna isolation to achieve wide-angle scanning. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first dielectric plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower surface of the first dielectric plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third dielectric plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second dielectric plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth dielectric plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a top perspective view of the substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is the S11 parameter diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation of the subarray units in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is the gain diagram of the antenna in the maximum radiation direction in this embodiment of the invention.

[0035] Figure 10a , Figure 10b and Figure 10c These are schematic diagrams of the scanning surface gain of the antenna at three frequency points in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example:

[0039] Substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on U-shaped decoupling structure, such as Figure 11 As shown, it includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 5, a third dielectric substrate 6 and a fourth dielectric substrate 14 stacked sequentially from bottom to top;

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure 3 and an I-shaped coupling slot 4, forming a power feeding and excitation structure; the grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure 3 includes a grounded coplanar waveguide 2 and a first metal through-hole 17; since the SIW transmission line cannot be directly connected to the external circuit, a grounded coplanar waveguide adapter structure is used. An SMA connector 15 is provided on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the grounded coplanar waveguide 2 is connected to the SMA connector 15; in the grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure 3, I-shaped coupling slots 4 are respectively provided on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide 2 to realize the upward transmission of energy and feed the upper layer;

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the third dielectric substrate 6 has multiple radiating slot elements 16, and the number of radiating slot elements 16 is equal to that of the I-shaped coupling slots 4. Each radiating slot element 16 includes multiple collinear radiating slots 9 arranged in a row. Two radiating slot elements 16 are arranged in a row to form a single column subarray element 8, and multiple column subarray elements 8 are arranged in columns to form an antenna array 19. Multiple second metal through holes 7 are provided that simultaneously penetrate the second dielectric substrate 5 and the third dielectric substrate 6. Each group of radiating slot elements 16 must be surrounded by at least one ring of second metal through holes 7. Electromagnetic waves are confined between the second dielectric substrate 5 and the third dielectric substrate 6 through the second metal through holes 7 and the lower metal surface of the second dielectric substrate 5 and the upper metal surface of the third dielectric substrate 6. The substrate integrated ridge waveguide (RSIW) is a structure in which periodically arranged metal pillars 18 are embedded in the dielectric substrate of the substrate integrated waveguide, which is equivalent to a waveguide ridge. This method can expand the single-mode operating bandwidth, reduce the waveguide width, and improve the wide element beamwidth required for phased array scanning.

[0042] like Figure 4As shown, multiple ridge metal strips 10 are provided on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 5. The number of ridge metal strips 10 is equal to the number of radiating slot units 16. Each ridge metal strip 10 is located directly below a radiating slot unit 16. The ridge metal strip 10 is a tortuous metal strip. Each bend of the ridge metal strip 10 is located directly below the center of each radiating slot 9 in the corresponding radiating slot unit 16, which plays a role in disturbing the current. This makes the current distribution on the RSIW surface no longer the surface current corresponding to the TE10 mode of the original SIW. The lateral current cancels each other out on both sides. The radiating slot unit 16 opened in the center line can effectively cut the longitudinal current radiation electromagnetic wave on the surface. A row of metal pillars 18 penetrating the second dielectric plate 5 is provided along the ridge metal strips 10 directly below all the ridge metal strips 10. The ridge metal strips 10 and the metal pillars 18 below them are equivalent to the ridge of the ridge waveguide, which is defined as the equivalent ridge 11, and plays a role in disturbing the current.

[0043] The second dielectric plate 5 and the third dielectric plate 6 constitute a radial structure;

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, in order to improve antenna isolation, a U-shaped decoupling structure 12 is provided on the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 14, directly above the positions of adjacent radiation slots 9 in each column of the subarray element 8, forming a decoupling structure.

[0045] In one embodiment, four grounded coplanar waveguide-to-SIW structures 3 are provided in the first dielectric substrate 1. The four grounded coplanar waveguide-to-SIW structures 3 are arranged in a row along the central axis of the first dielectric substrate 1. Each grounded coplanar waveguide-to-SIW structure 3 has an I-shaped coupling gap 4 on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide 2 on each side, and a total of eight I-shaped coupling gaps 4 are provided.

[0046] In one embodiment, the third dielectric substrate 6 is provided with 8 radiating slot units 16, each radiating unit is provided with 4 collinear radiating slots 9 arranged in a row, 2 radiating slot units 16 are arranged in a row to form a single column subarray unit 8, and 4 column subarray units 8 are arranged in a column to form an antenna array 19, that is, the 32 radiating slots 9 in the antenna array 19 are arranged in the form of 8 columns and 4 rows.

[0047] In one embodiment, the second metal through-holes 7 between two adjacent radiating slot units 16 in the same row can be arranged in one row or two rows. When arranged in one row, the row of second metal through-holes 7 is also part of the metal through-hole ring surrounding the two radiating slot units 16. When arranged in two rows, each of the two radiating slot units 16 is surrounded by a ring of second metal through-holes 7.

[0048] In one embodiment, the I-shaped coupling slot 4 is located directly below the center of the radiating slot unit 16; this ensures that the phase and amplitude of the feed from the I-shaped coupling slot 4 to each radiating slot 9 in the radiating slot unit 16 are the same, and this parallel feeding structure guarantees the stability of the in-band impedance and radiation pattern.

[0049] In one embodiment, the ridge metal strip 10 is broken in the middle, and the break is located directly above the I-shaped coupling gap 4 to ensure that energy can be transmitted upward without interference from metal and metal pillars.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the U-shaped decoupling structure 12 includes a long side and two short arms. The two short arms in one U-shaped decoupling structure 12 are located above two adjacent radial slots 9 in the same column. When viewed from directly above, the two short arms partially overlap with the corresponding radial slots 9. The two ends of the long side are connected to one end of the two short arms, forming a U-shaped structure.

[0051] The four radial slots 9 in the same column correspond to three U-shaped decoupling structures 12.

[0052] In one embodiment, the U-shaped decoupling structures 12 on both sides of the central axis are symmetrically arranged about the central axis. The coupling between array elements is canceled by the reverse coupling cancellation method, thereby improving the isolation and the phased array scanning capability, thus forming a decoupling structure.

[0053] In one embodiment, the I-shaped coupling gaps 4 on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide 2 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis;

[0054] The radial slots 9 in the radial slot unit 16 are spaced equally and are symmetrically arranged about the I-shaped coupling slot 4 below the center of the radial slot unit 16.

[0055] In one embodiment, the surfaces of the first dielectric substrate 1, the second dielectric substrate 5, and the third dielectric substrate 6 are all copper-clad, and the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 14 is copper-clad.

[0056] In one embodiment, the antenna array uses Rogers 4003 dielectric substrates 1, 5, 6, and 14, all with a dielectric constant of 3.55 and a loss angle of 0.0027. The fourth dielectric substrate 14 has a thickness of 0.508 mm, while the first, second, and third dielectric substrates 1 and 6 each have a thickness of 1.524 mm. Figure 5 As shown, the first dielectric plate 1, the second dielectric plate 5, the third dielectric plate 6 and the fourth dielectric plate 14 are connected and assembled through metal screw holes 13 with a diameter of 1 mm.

[0057] In one embodiment, the substrate-integrated ridge waveguide subarray unit 8 has a width of 17.95 mm and a spacing of 19.58 mm between each subarray unit, both of which are less than 0.5 free space wavelengths, enabling wide-angle scanning.

[0058] Simulation tests show that the antenna provided in this embodiment can cover the frequency band of 6.25-6.8 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of approximately 8.4%. Figure 7 The isolation between ports can reach below -18dB. Figure 8 The gain within the frequency band is generally greater than 16 dBi. Figure 9 The gain does not vary significantly within the frequency band, and due to the antenna's parallel-fed and center-fed structure, the radiation pattern exhibits good frequency stability. For example... Figure 10a , Figure 10b and Figure 10c The image shows the scan plane gain patterns of the antenna at three frequency points: 6.4 GHz, 6.5 GHz, and 6.6 GHz. It can be seen that the 3dBi roll-off scan angle is ±61° at 6.4 GHz; ±60° at 6.5 GHz; and ±60° at 6.6 GHz.

Claims

1. A substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure, characterized in that, It includes a first dielectric plate (1), a second dielectric plate (5), a third dielectric plate (6) and a fourth dielectric plate (14) stacked sequentially from bottom to top; The first dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure (3) and an I-shaped coupling slot (4) to form a power feeding excitation structure; the I-shaped coupling slot (4) is provided on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1), and the grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure (3) includes a grounded coplanar waveguide (2) provided on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate (1) and multiple first metal through holes (17) penetrating the first dielectric substrate (1); since the SIW transmission line cannot be directly connected to the external circuit, a grounded coplanar waveguide adapter structure is used. The lower surface of the first dielectric substrate (1) is provided with an SMA connector (15), and the grounded coplanar waveguide (2) is connected to the SMA connector (15); in the grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure (3), I-shaped coupling slots (4) are provided on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide (2) to realize the upward transmission of energy and feed the upper layer; The third dielectric plate (6) has multiple radiating slot elements (16), the number of which is equal to the number of I-shaped coupling slots (4). Each radiating slot element (16) includes multiple collinear radiating slots (9) arranged in a row. Two radiating slot elements (16) are arranged in a row to form a single column subarray element (8), and multiple column subarray elements (8) are arranged in columns to form an antenna array (19). Multiple second metal through holes (7) are provided that simultaneously penetrate the second dielectric plate (5) and the third dielectric plate (6). Each group of radiating slot elements (16) must be surrounded by at least one ring of second metal through holes (7). Electromagnetic waves are confined between the second dielectric plate (5) and the third dielectric plate (6) through the second metal through holes (7) and the lower metal surface of the second dielectric plate (5) and the upper metal surface of the third dielectric plate (6). The upper surface of the second dielectric plate (5) is provided with a plurality of ridge metal strips (10). The number of ridge metal strips (10) is equal to the number of radiation slot units (16). Each ridge metal strip (10) is located directly below a radiation slot unit (16). The ridge metal strip (10) is a tortuous metal strip. Each bend of the ridge metal strip (10) is located directly below the center of each radiation slot (9) in the corresponding radiation slot unit (16). A row of metal pillars (18) penetrating the second dielectric plate (5) is provided along the ridge metal strips (10) directly below all the ridge metal strips (10). The ridge metal strips (10) and the metal pillars (18) below them are equivalent to the ridge of the ridge waveguide, which is defined as the equivalent ridge (11) and plays the role of disturbing the current. The second dielectric plate (5) and the third dielectric plate (6) constitute a radial structure; On the upper surface of the fourth dielectric plate (14), a U-shaped decoupling structure (12) is provided directly above the positions of adjacent radiation slots (9) in each column of the subarray unit (8), forming a decoupling structure.

2. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first dielectric substrate (1), there are n grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure (3), where n is an integer greater than or equal to 4. The n grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure (3) are arranged in a row along the central axis of the first dielectric substrate (1). Each grounded coplanar waveguide to SIW structure (3) has one I-shaped coupling slot (4) on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide (2) on each side. A total of 2n I-shaped coupling slots (4) are provided.

3. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third dielectric substrate (6) is provided with 2n radiating slot elements (16). Each radiating element is provided with m collinear radiating slots (9) arranged in a row, where m is an even number greater than or equal to 4. Two radiating slot elements (16) are arranged in rows to form a single column subarray element (8), and n column subarray elements (8) are arranged in columns to form an antenna array (19). That is, the 2n×m radiating slots (9) in the antenna array (19) are arranged in the form of 2m columns and n rows.

4. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second metal through holes (7) between two adjacent radiating slot units (16) in the same row can be set in one row or two rows. When set in one row, the second metal through holes (7) in that row are also part of the metal through hole ring around the two radiating slot units (16). When set in two rows, a ring of second metal through holes (7) is set around each of the two radiating slot units (16).

5. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The I-shaped coupling gap (4) is located directly below the center of the radiation gap element (16).

6. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ridge metal strip (10) is broken in the middle, and the break is located directly above the I-shaped coupling gap (4) to ensure that energy can be transmitted upward without interference from metal and metal pillars.

7. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The U-shaped decoupling structure (12) includes a long side and two short arms. The two short arms in one U-shaped decoupling structure (12) are located above two adjacent radial slots (9) in the same column. When viewed from directly above, the two short arms partially overlap with the corresponding radial slots (9). The two ends of the long side are connected to one end of the two short arms to form a U-shaped structure. The n radial slits (9) in the same column correspond to n-1 U-shaped decoupling structures (12).

8. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The U-shaped decoupling structures (12) on both sides of the central axis are symmetrically set about the central axis. The coupling between array elements is canceled by the reverse coupling cancellation method, thereby improving the isolation and the phased array scanning capability, thus forming a decoupling structure.

9. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The I-shaped coupling gaps (4) on both sides of the grounded coplanar waveguide (2) are symmetrically arranged about the central axis; The radial slots (9) in the radial slot unit (16) are spaced equally and are symmetrically arranged about the I-shaped coupling slot (4) below the center of the radial slot unit (16).

10. The substrate-integrated ridge waveguide wide-angle scanning phased array antenna based on a U-shaped decoupling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfaces of the first dielectric substrate (1), the second dielectric substrate (5), and the third dielectric substrate (6) are all copper-coated, and the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate (14) is copper-coated.

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