Quantum communication method and apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a quantum communication method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium, relates to the technical field of computers, and particularly relates to the field of quantum computing. The specific implementation scheme is as follows: a first photon prepared by a first communication party under the control of a control quantum state is received through a quantum channel; a measurement result sent by a second communication party is received through a classical channel, wherein the measurement result is obtained by quantum state measurement on the first photon received by the corresponding second communication party from the first communication party and a second photon, and the second photon is in a quantum state required to be transmitted by the second communication party; in the case that the control quantum state sent by the first communication party is obtained, a sender is determined from at least one second communication party based on the control quantum state, wherein the first photon received by the sender and a receiver from the first communication party is an entangled photon pair; and the quantum state required to be transmitted by the sender is determined according to the measurement result of the sender.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of computer technology, specifically to quantum computing scenarios, and particularly to a quantum communication method, device, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum communication is a secure communication method based on the principles of quantum mechanics, effectively preventing eavesdropping and interception. Quantum teleportation, as one of the important technologies in quantum communication, can be used to achieve secure communication; however, in practical applications, the risk of exposing the identities of the communication participants still exists. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a quantum communication method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium.

[0004] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a quantum communication method is provided, applied to a receiver, comprising:

[0005] The first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of the control quantum state is received through a quantum channel;

[0006] The measurement result is received by the second communication party through a classical channel. The measurement result is obtained by the corresponding second communication party through quantum state measurement after interference between the first photon and the second photon received from the first communication party. The second photon is in the quantum state that the second communication party needs to transmit.

[0007] If the control quantum state sent by the first communication party is obtained, the sender is determined from the second communication party based on the control quantum state, wherein the first photon received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party is an entangled photon pair;

[0008] Based on the measurement results from the sender, the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit is determined.

[0009] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a quantum communication method is provided, applied to a sender, comprising:

[0010] The first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of the control quantum state is received through a quantum channel;

[0011] The measurement result is obtained by interfering the first photon with the second photon and then measuring the quantum state, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit;

[0012] The measurement result is transmitted to a second communication party via a classical channel, wherein the second communication party includes a receiver determined based on the control quantum state, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement result is used by the receiver to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a quantum communication method is provided, applied to a first communicating party, comprising:

[0014] A first photon is prepared for a plurality of second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state; wherein the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the plurality of second communication parties, and the first photon received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party is an entangled photon pair;

[0015] The first photon is distributed to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel, wherein the first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit;

[0016] The control quantum state is published to each of the second communication parties, wherein the control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the measurement results of the sender, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0017] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a quantum communication device is provided, comprising:

[0018] The first receiving module is used to receive, through a quantum channel, the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of a control quantum state;

[0019] The second receiving module is used to receive the measurement result sent by the second communication party through a classical channel. The measurement result is obtained by the corresponding second communication party from the interference of the first photon and the second photon received from the first communication party and performing quantum state measurement. The second photon is in the quantum state that the second communication party needs to transmit.

[0020] The first determining module is used to determine the sender from the second communication party based on the control quantum state sent by the first communication party when the control quantum state is obtained, wherein the first photon received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party is an entangled photon pair;

[0021] The second determining module is used to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit based on the measurement results of the sender.

[0022] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a quantum communication device is provided, comprising:

[0023] A photon receiving module is used to receive, through a quantum channel, the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of a control quantum state;

[0024] The measurement module is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering the first photon with the second photon to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit;

[0025] The result transmission module is used to transmit the measurement result to a second communication party via a classical channel, wherein the second communication party includes a receiver determined based on the control quantum state, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement result is used by the receiver to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0026] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a quantum communication device is provided, comprising:

[0027] A preparation module is used to prepare first photons for multiple second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state; wherein the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs;

[0028] A distribution module is used to distribute the first photon to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel, wherein the first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit;

[0029] The publishing module is used to publish the control quantum state to each of the second communication parties, wherein the control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the measurement results of the sender, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0030] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a fabrication system for quantum communication is provided, the system comprising:

[0031] An entangled light source unit is used to generate multiple entangled photons. The first path of the multiple entangled photons is output to the control unit, the second path is output to the triggering unit, and the remaining multiple third paths are output to the path superposition unit.

[0032] The triggering unit is used to perform quantum state measurement on the photons output from the second channel;

[0033] The control unit is configured to measure the quantum state of the photons output from the first path to obtain a control quantum state when the target quantum state is measured by the trigger unit, wherein the photons from the first path and the multiple third paths are in a quantum entangled state under the target quantum state; the control quantum state is of at least two types, and the corresponding two paths in the multiple third paths share entangled photon pairs under each control quantum state;

[0034] The path superposition unit is used to superimpose paths between at least two of the plurality of third paths, and output the first photon in parallel through multiple paths after path superposition processing.

[0035] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the methods described in the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0036] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the methods described in the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0037] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described in the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0038] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a communication device is provided, comprising:

[0039] The fabrication system for quantum communication described in the above embodiments;

[0040] transceiver;

[0041] At least one processor; and

[0042] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0043] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform:

[0044] Under the control of a control quantum state, the preparation system is used to prepare first photons for multiple second communication parties; wherein, the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs;

[0045] The transceiver is controlled to distribute the first photon to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel. The first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result. The second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0046] The transceiver is controlled to publish the control quantum state to each of the second communication parties, wherein the control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the measurement results of the sender, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0047] This disclosure provides a quantum communication method and apparatus. It receives a first photon prepared by a first communicating party under the control of a control quantum state via a quantum channel; it receives a measurement result sent by a second communicating party via a classical channel. The measurement result is obtained by the second communicating party through quantum state measurement after interference between the first and second photons received from the first communicating party, with the second photon in the desired quantum state. Upon obtaining the control quantum state sent by the first communicating party, the sender is determined from the second communicating party based on this control quantum state, where the first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communicating party are entangled photon pairs. The quantum state to be transmitted by the sender is determined based on the sender's measurement result. This method can hide the identity information of the sender and receiver, enabling anonymous communication in sensitive communication scenarios.

[0048] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0049] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand this solution and do not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. Wherein:

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of quantum teleportation provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a quantum communication method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another quantum communication method proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a first photon according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0054] Figure 5This is a flowchart illustrating another quantum communication method proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another quantum communication method proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the anonymous entanglement distribution protocol proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the anonymous entanglement distribution process proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0058] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum communication device according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0059] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another quantum communication device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0060] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another quantum communication device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0061] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fabrication system for quantum communication proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0062] Figure 13 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 1300 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0064] This disclosure relates to the technical fields of quantum computing and other related technologies.

[0065] Quantum computing is a novel computing paradigm that manipulates quantum information units to perform calculations according to the laws of quantum mechanics. In contrast to the theoretical model of a traditional general-purpose computer, which is a universal Turing machine, a general-purpose quantum computer is theoretically a universal Turing machine reinterpreted using the laws of quantum mechanics. From the perspective of computable problems, quantum computers can only solve problems that traditional computers can solve. However, in terms of computational efficiency, due to the superposition property of quantum mechanics, some known quantum algorithms are faster than traditional general-purpose computers in processing these problems.

[0066] In traditional communication methods, information is transmitted via photons, which are easily eavesdropped on and intercepted, making traditional communication methods vulnerable to interception. To address this problem, quantum communication utilizes principles and phenomena such as quantum entanglement and quantum superposition to achieve secure and reliable communication. Quantum communication has already found applications in various fields, including financial transactions, government communications, and military communications.

[0067] Quantum teleportation is a fundamental protocol in quantum communication. Its unique feature is that the communicating parties can communicate by pre-sharing entangled photon pairs. The sender can transmit information encoded in a qubit to the receiver, and the sender can be completely unaware of the transmitted information. Quantum teleportation is one of the important technologies in quantum communication and can be used to realize secure communication, quantum computing, and quantum networks.

[0068] by Figure 1 Taking the quantum teleportation diagram shown as an example, the sender and receiver are referred to as Alice and Bob, respectively. There are two assumptions in this example: First, the qubit that Alice wants to transmit is |ψ> Alice =α|0>+β|1>, where α and β are arbitrary complex numbers and satisfy the normalization condition |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1; Second, the Bell state shared by Alice and Bob is a two-bit GHZ state ( Figure 1 Two solid spheres connected in the middle, that is

[0069] It should be noted that there are four types of Bell states, and they are mutually orthogonal in Hilbert space. This is one of them. The four Bell states can be described as follows: as well as

[0070] The entire protocol principle can be described as follows:

[0071]

[0072] Based on the above formula, when Alice informs Bob of the measurement results as |00>, |01>, |10> and |11>, Bob only needs to perform the corresponding quantum transformation operations (I, X, Z and ZX operations) on his own qubits to recover the qubit information that Alice wants to transmit.

[0073] For example, Alice tells Bob that the measurement result is |00>. Bob only needs to perform the I operation corresponding to |00> on his own qubits to recover the qubit information of the measurement result |00>, thus realizing quantum communication.

[0074] Although the protocol allows Alice to transmit information carried by qubits to Bob without his knowledge, the goals of both parties are explicit, meaning both the sender and receiver are exposed. This makes it unsuitable for scenarios where the communication parties are highly sensitive.

[0075] To address this, researchers designed a quantum anonymity communication protocol. Its core lies in the sharing of a GHZ state (a quantum state involving at least three entangled subsystems (particle states or qubits)) by multiple parties in the communication. Each of the N-2 participants performs different local measurements, resulting in a final, anonymous sharing of a two-qubit entangled state. However, the anonymity of this protocol relies on the N parties sharing the GHZ state. The protocol stipulates that the N-2 non-participating parties perform measurements under the X measurement basis, and the remaining parties can share the entangled state. Its anonymity is based on the N-2 parties' voluntary compliance with the protocol, lacking controllability. Therefore, the risk of the communication participants' identities being exposed still exists.

[0076] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a quantum communication method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, applied to the receiver, this quantum communication method includes:

[0077] Step 201: Receive the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of the control quantum state through the quantum channel.

[0078] It should be noted that a quantum channel is a channel through which quantum particles can be transmitted without being affected. The first photon is transmitted between the first communicator and the receiver through the quantum channel.

[0079] Optionally, the first communicating party prepares a first photon by controlling a quantum state and sends the prepared first photon to the receiving party through a quantum channel.

[0080] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first photon can be prepared and output by the first communicating party using a preparation system.

[0081] Step 202: Receive measurement results sent by at least one second communication party through a classical channel. The measurement results are obtained by the corresponding second communication party through quantum state measurement after interference between the first photon received from the first communication party and the second photon. The second photon is in the quantum state that the second communication party needs to transmit.

[0082] Optionally, the single-bit quantum state that the second communicating party needs to transmit is denoted as the second photon. After receiving the first photon transmitted by the first communicating party, the second communicating party interferes with the first photon and the second photon. After the interference occurs, the quantum state of the first photon is measured to obtain the corresponding measurement result that the second communicating party needs to send.

[0083] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the sender and receiver are second communication parties, and the receiver receives measurement results sent by other second communication parties through a classical channel.

[0084] Step 203: If the control quantum state sent by the first communication party is obtained, the sender is determined from at least one second communication party based on the control quantum state, wherein the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs.

[0085] Optionally, the measurement results of the control quantum state are used to determine the combination relationship between the sender and the receiver. If either receiver acquires the control quantum state, it can determine the sender who will transmit the information among at least one second communication party based on the control quantum state.

[0086] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first communicating party publishes the measurement results of the control quantum state through a classical channel.

[0087] Optionally, based on a control quantum state, an entangled photon pair is established between a sender and a receiver that need to communicate with each other. The first communicating party controls the control quantum state to make the entangled photon pair shared between the sender and the receiver who are communicating with each other.

[0088] Step 204: Determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit based on the sender's measurement results.

[0089] Optionally, after receiving the measurement results from the sender and the measurement results of the control quantum state published by the first communicating party, the receiver restores the measurement results from the sender to the quantum state transmitted by the sender based on the measurement results of the control quantum state.

[0090] In this embodiment, a first photon prepared by a first communicating party under the control of a control quantum state is received through a quantum channel; a measurement result sent by at least one second communicating party is received through a classical channel, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the corresponding second communicating party through quantum state measurement after interference between the first photon received from the first communicating party and the second photon, and the second photon is in the quantum state that the second communicating party needs to transmit; if the control quantum state sent by the first communicating party is obtained, the sender is determined from at least one second communicating party based on the control quantum state, wherein the first photon received by the sender and the receiver from the first communicating party is an entangled photon pair; and the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit is determined according to the measurement result of the sender. The receiver determines the corresponding sender based on the control quantum state sent by the first communicating party, and then recovers the quantum state transmitted by the sender based on the measurement results of the sender, thus realizing quantum communication between the sender and the receiver. During the quantum communication process, the receiver cannot know the source of the information, the sender cannot know the target of the transmission, and cannot make the receiver recover the quantum state information through the measurement results. Both parties hide their respective identity information by controlling the quantum state, and realize communication between the sender and the receiver through entangled photon pairs. It can be applied to relatively sensitive communication scenarios to achieve anonymous communication and improve information security.

[0091] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another quantum communication method proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0092] like Figure 3 As shown, it is applied to the receiver and includes:

[0093] Step 301: Receive the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of the control quantum state through the quantum channel.

[0094] First, under the control of a quantum state, the first communicating party prepares a first photon. In this embodiment, the process of preparing the first photon is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the detector is used to detect quantum states. High-frequency pump light is passed through three barium metaborate (C-BBO) crystals to generate an entangled light source. The pump light is... Figure 4 The line at the bottom connects to the C-BBO crystal, which is made of two Beam-Like barium borate (BBO) crystals bonded together. Under the conditions of phase matching, spatial mode and temporal mode, it can undergo a spontaneous parametric downconversion process to generate entangled photon pairs.

[0095] Due to the physical process of the high-frequency pump light passing through the C-BBO crystal, the pump light is split into two beams after passing through the C-BBO crystal, such as... Figure 4 As shown, each optical path is digitally encoded sequentially, and the initially generated entangled photon pairs take the following form:

[0096]

[0097] Among them, |Ψ + > 12 This represents the entangled photon pair of the entangled light source where the optical paths numbered 1 and 2 are located, |Ψ + > 34 This represents the entangled photon pair of the entangled light source where the optical paths numbered 3 and 4 are located, |Ψ + > 56 The entangled photon pairs of the entangled light sources where the optical paths numbered 5 and 6 are located, |H> represents the horizontal polarization state and |V> represents the vertical polarization state, which are also used to encode |0> and |1> respectively in this embodiment.

[0098] Furthermore, a half-wave plate (HWP) is placed in one of the three pairs of optical paths to convert horizontally polarized light into vertically polarized light, and vice versa.

[0099] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a 45° half-wave plate is placed on the optical paths numbered 2, 4, and 6 respectively. The two-photon entangled state is then:

[0100]

[0101] Where, |Φ + > 12 This represents the two-photon entangled state of the entangled light source containing optical paths numbered 1 and 2, |Φ + > 34 This represents the two-photon entangled state of the entangled light source containing optical paths numbered 3 and 4, |Φ + > 56 The two-photon entangled state of the entangled light source where the optical paths numbered 5 and 6 are located.

[0102] Furthermore, photon input polarization beam splitters (PBS) are selected on optical paths numbered 2, 3, 4, and 5. The function of the PBS is to transmit horizontally polarized photons and reflect vertically polarized photons. Therefore, when two photons enter the PBS together, four possible scenarios may occur.

[0103] Taking photons on optical paths numbered 2 and 3 as an example, after being input into the PBS, the interaction process can be described as follows:

[0104]

[0105] in, This represents the direct product.

[0106] After passing through the selection filter, the cases without photons, namely |VV2H3H> and |HH2V3V>, were eliminated. The two independent two-photon entangled states constitute a four-photon entangled state.

[0107] Similarly, when photons from optical paths numbered 4 and 5 are input into the PBS, a six-photon entangled state can be prepared:

[0108]

[0109] It should be noted that in the embodiments and implementation devices disclosed herein, only a five-photon entangled state is actually used. Therefore, the photon on the optical path numbered 6 is triggered to a diagonally polarized state |D>. That is, for the photon on the optical path numbered 6, only |D> is recorded. In this case, the six-photon entangled state |ψ> can be decomposed as follows:

[0110]

[0111] Where |A> represents the anti-polarization state.

[0112] When the photon triggering on optical path number 6 is in a diagonally polarized state |D>, it is possible to generate five-photon entangled states for the remaining five optical paths.

[0113] Furthermore, the five-photon entangled states are renumbered, and the photon on the optical path numbered 1 is designated as the control quantum state (i.e., Figure 4 (as shown in the Control-qubit).

[0114] Furthermore, the photons in optical paths numbered 2 and 5 are split according to their polarization direction using two PBSs. The transmission path and the reflection path are labeled T and R, respectively. Thus, the transmission path and the reflection path of optical path numbered 2 are labeled 2T and 2R, respectively, and the transmission path and the reflection path of optical path numbered 5 are labeled 5T and 5R, respectively.

[0115] In this case, the quantum state can be described as a mixed state, consisting of two components. According to the light path numbered 2 and the light path numbered 5, the transmission and reflection of the quantum state can be written as follows:

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] Furthermore, half-wave plates were placed on paths 2T, 2R, 3, 4, 5T, and 5R. Their function was to set the HWP of these six half-wave plates. 2R HWP 2T HWP3, HWP4, HWP 5T HWP 5R Different rotation angles can ultimately produce Bell states of any form.

[0119] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the six half-wave plates in the figure are set from left to right to -22.5°, 22.5°, 0°, 0°, 22.5°, and -22.5°, respectively. The quantum state transformation is as follows:

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Furthermore, let the photons on paths 2T and 2R interfere with the photons on path 3 on the PBS, and the same applies to paths 5T, 5R, and path 4. The quantum state transformation is then:

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Finally, the photons on paths 2T and 5R are combined. Figure 4 HWP half-wave plate c1 and HWP c2 Set to 45°, and rewrite the subscripts, then combine the quantum states using a beam combiner. The quantum state is renormalized as follows:

[0126]

[0127] As can be seen from the final quantum state formula, when the control quantum state is |H>, 1 and 2 share an entangled state, and 3 and 4 share an entangled state; when the control quantum state is |V>, 1 and 3 share an entangled state, and 2 and 4 share an entangled state.

[0128] It should be noted that the quantum state proposed in this embodiment is constructed by introducing two degrees of freedom: polarization degree of freedom and path degree of freedom. Since photons are entangled in polarization degree of freedom, and this entangled state is a superposition state in path degree of freedom, the introduction of two degrees of freedom to construct the quantum state provides greater flexibility in the distribution and establishment of quantum entanglement, making the goals of the communicating parties unclear and enabling the concealment of identity information.

[0129] Optionally, after the first communicator prepares the first photon by controlling the quantum state, the first photon is sent to the receiver through a quantum channel.

[0130] Step 302: Receive measurement results sent by at least one second communication party via a classical channel.

[0131] The measurement result is obtained by measuring the quantum state of the first photon received by the second communication party from the first communication party after interference with the second photon. The second photon is in the quantum state that the second communication party needs to transmit.

[0132] In this embodiment of the disclosure, both the sender and the receiver are second communication parties, and each receives a first photon sent by the first communication party.

[0133] In this embodiment, four second communication parties are taken as examples, denoted as Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David. These four second communication parties are paired up, acting as receivers and senders respectively, allowing for various communication combinations. Assuming Alice and David are the senders, and the second photon to be transmitted is a single-bit quantum state, represented as |ψ> Alice and |ψ> David Bob and Charlie are the receivers, while Alice and David, as the senders, each time they receive the first photon from the quantum channel, they respectively set the encoded single-bit quantum state |ψ> to be transmitted locally. Alice and |ψ> David Interference is performed with the first photon, and a quantum state measurement is conducted to obtain the measurement result that the sender needs to send.

[0134] In this embodiment of the disclosure, quantum state measurement can be achieved by performing a Bell measurement.

[0135] Optionally, the measurement results broadcast by each of the second communicating parties can be received via a classical channel; or, the measurement results sent by each of the second communicating parties in a point-to-point manner can be received via a classical channel.

[0136] The embodiments disclosed herein can receive measurement results sent by each second communication party in different forms through a classic channel, making the receiving party's reception of measurement results more comprehensive and enhancing the adaptability of receiving measurement results.

[0137] Step 303: If the control quantum state sent by the first communicating party is obtained, the sender is determined from at least one second communicating party based on the control quantum state.

[0138] In this context, the first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communicating party are entangled photon pairs.

[0139] Optionally, since communication typically involves multiple information transmissions and exchanges, the first photon |ψ> prepared by the first communicating party is distributed multiple times during the communication process.

[0140] Similarly, taking four second communication parties as examples, denoted as Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David, and the first communication party as Frank, Frank distributes the first photon to Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David through a quantum channel. The first photon consists of two independent pairs of entangled photons. After the four second communication parties receive the first photon, the two second communication parties whose first photon belongs to a pair of entangled photons form a combination of sender and receiver.

[0141] It should be noted that before Frank published the control quantum state through classical channels, Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David were still unable to transmit effective information through quantum teleportation.

[0142] Having obtained the control quantum state sent by the first communicator, Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David can each determine the other party sharing the entangled photon pair with them; that is, as receivers, they can determine the corresponding senders.

[0143] In this embodiment, based on the form of the control quantum state |ψ>, when Frank's control quantum state collapses to a horizontally polarized state |H>, entangled photon pairs are established between Alice and Bob, and between Charlie and David; when Frank's control quantum state collapses to a vertically polarized state |V>, entangled photon pairs are established between Alice and Charlie, and between Bob and David. Therefore, when Frank publishes the measurement results of the control quantum state, Alice and David, as the senders, can determine the corresponding receivers based on the entangled photon pairs and send the measurement results of their local second communication partners.

[0144] Step 304: Determine the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation.

[0145] As one possible implementation, the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair sent by the first communicating party is received through a classical channel; based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair, the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation is determined.

[0146] In this embodiment of the disclosure, during the transmission of entangled photon pairs by the first communicating party, neither the "sender" nor the "receiver" can clearly identify the source of their information transmission and reception, nor can the receiver recover the quantum state information through measurement results. Only after the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair transmitted by the first communicating party is obtained can the combination relationship between the sender and the receiver be determined. Once the combination relationship is determined, the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation can be established. Therefore, upon receiving the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair, the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation can be determined based on this information.

[0147] Alternatively, the quantum transformation operation is... Figure 1 The I, X, Z, and ZX operations are shown.

[0148] As another possible implementation, the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation is determined based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair agreed upon with the sender.

[0149] Using shared entangled photon pairs to achieve quantum information transmission can hide the identities of the communicating parties during the communication process, thereby improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0150] Step 305: Based on the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation, perform the quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement results of the sender on the first photon of the receiver, and determine the quantum state of the first photon after the operation as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0151] Optionally, quantum information transmission can be achieved by restoring the received quantum state to the quantum state transmitted by the sender through a quantum transformation operation.

[0152] After determining the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation, the quantum transformation operation can be performed based on this correspondence. Without knowing the sender's identity, the received measurement results can be restored to the quantum state transmitted by the sender, and the sender cannot know the receiver's information, thus improving the receiver's identity security.

[0153] In this embodiment, a first photon prepared by a first communicating party under the control of a control quantum state is received via a quantum channel; a measurement result sent by at least one second communicating party is received via a classical channel; given the control quantum state sent by the first communicating party, the sender is determined from at least one second communicating party based on the control quantum state; the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation is determined; the quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the sender's measurement result is performed on the receiver's first photon, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit. This method can hide the identity information of the sender and receiver during quantum communication, enabling anonymous communication in sensitive communication scenarios and improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0154] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another quantum communication method proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0155] like Figure 5 As shown, it is applied to the sender and includes:

[0156] Step 501: Receive the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of the control quantum state through the quantum channel.

[0157] Step 501 can be found in the description of step 301 in the previous embodiments, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0158] Step 502: After interfering the first photon with the second photon, a quantum state measurement is performed to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0159] Optionally, the single-bit quantum state that the sender needs to transmit is denoted as the second photon. After receiving the first photon transmitted by the first communicator, the sender interferes with the first photon and the second photon. After the interference occurs, the quantum state of the first photon is measured to obtain the corresponding measurement result that the sender needs to transmit.

[0160] In this embodiment, four second communication parties are taken as examples, denoted as Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David. These four second communication parties are paired up, acting as receivers and senders respectively, allowing for various communication combinations. Assuming Alice and David are the senders, and the second photon to be transmitted is a single-bit quantum state, represented as |ψ> Alice and |ψ> David Bob and Charlie are the receivers, while Alice and David, as the senders, each time they receive the first photon from the quantum channel, they respectively set the encoded single-bit quantum state |ψ> to be transmitted locally. Alice and |ψ> DavidInterference is performed with the first photon, and a quantum state measurement is conducted to obtain the measurement result that the sender needs to send.

[0161] In this embodiment of the disclosure, quantum state measurement can be achieved by performing a Bell measurement.

[0162] Step 503: Send the measurement result to at least one second communication party through a classical channel, wherein the at least one second communication party includes a receiver determined based on the control quantum state, the first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement result is used by the receiver to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0163] Optionally, both the sender and the receiver are second communicators. Based on the control quantum state, an entangled photon pair is established between the sender and receiver who need to communicate with each other. The first communicator controls the control quantum state to make the entangled photon pair shared between the sender and receiver who are communicating with each other.

[0164] In this embodiment of the disclosure, taking four second communication parties as an example, the first photon includes two independent pairs of entangled photons. After the four second communication parties receive the first photon respectively, the two second communication parties whose received first photon belongs to a pair of entangled photons form a combination of a sender and a receiver.

[0165] Having obtained the control quantum state sent by the first communicator, the four second communicators can each determine the other party that shares the entangled photon pair with them; that is, as the sender, they can determine the corresponding receiver.

[0166] Furthermore, the sender transmits the measurement results to the corresponding receiver via a classical channel.

[0167] Optionally, the measurement results can be broadcast to each of the second communicating parties via a classical channel; or, the measurement results can be sent to each of the second communicating parties in a point-to-point manner via a classical channel.

[0168] The embodiments disclosed herein can receive measurement results sent by each second communication party in different forms through a classic channel, making the receiving party's reception of measurement results more comprehensive and enhancing the adaptability of receiving measurement results.

[0169] In this embodiment, a first photon prepared by a first communicating party under the control of a control quantum state is received via a quantum channel. The first photon is interfered with a second photon, and a quantum state measurement is performed to obtain a measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state required by the sender. The measurement result is transmitted to at least one second communicating party via a classical channel, wherein the at least one second communicating party includes a receiver determined based on the control quantum state. The first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communicating party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement result is used by the receiver to determine the quantum state required by the sender. This method can hide the identity information of the sender and receiver during quantum communication, enabling anonymous communication in sensitive communication scenarios and improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0170] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another quantum communication method proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0171] like Figure 6 As shown, it is applied to the first communication party and includes:

[0172] Step 601: Prepare first photons for multiple second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state; wherein, the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties, and the first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs.

[0173] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the process of preparing the first photon is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the steps for preparing the first photon have been described in detail in step 301 of the aforementioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0174] Optionally, since communication typically involves multiple information transmissions and exchanges, the first photon |ψ> prepared by the first communicating party is distributed multiple times during the communication process.

[0175] Taking four second communication parties as examples, denoted as Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David respectively, and Frank as the first communication party, Frank distributes the first photon to Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David through a quantum channel. The first photon consists of two independent pairs of entangled photons. After the four second communication parties receive the first photon, the two second communication parties whose first photon belongs to a pair of entangled photons form a combination of sender and receiver.

[0176] Optionally, the first communication party adjusts the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among multiple second communication parties by controlling the quantum state to determine the sender and receiver for communication.

[0177] In this embodiment, based on the form of the control quantum state |ψ>, when Frank's control quantum state collapses to the horizontally polarized state |H>, entangled photon pairs are established between Alice and Bob, and between Charlie and David; when Frank's control quantum state collapses to the vertically polarized state |V>, entangled photon pairs are established between Alice and Charlie, and between Bob and David. Therefore, when Frank publishes the measurement results of the control quantum state, the sender and receiver in the communication can be determined.

[0178] By controlling the combination relationship between the sender and receiver, the first communicator can prevent the second communicator from verifying the source of the message and the recipient. This allows them to communicate by sharing entangled states while concealing the identities of the sender and receiver, thus enhancing the anonymity of quantum communication.

[0179] Please see Figure 7 The diagram illustrates an anonymous entanglement distribution protocol. Shaded bars represent quantum channels, blank bars represent classical channels, solid spheres represent photons, and dashed boxes represent combinations. Frank prepares the first photon, possesses the highest level of authority, and can determine the combination of communicators sharing the entangled state by controlling the quantum state at the local node. Frank prepares specific quantum state forms and, through methods such as... Figure 7 The quantum channel shown distributes the generated quantum states to the nodes where Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David reside. There are a total of 5 quantum states visible in the figure, and the corresponding measurement result string for controlling the quantum state is "01001".

[0180] Furthermore, the first communicator can not only determine the sender and receiver of the communication by controlling the quantum state, but also control the specific form of the shared quantum state by adjusting the rotation angle of the half-wave plate.

[0181] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the form of the quantum states distributed to Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David can be transformed by adjusting the angle of the waveplate group. The relationship between the angle of the waveplate group and the quantum states is shown in Table 1.

[0182] Table 1

[0183] -22.5° 22.5° 0 0 <![CDATA[|Φ + >]]> 22.5° -22.5° 0 0 <![CDATA[|Φ - >]]> -22.5° 22.5° 45° 45° <![CDATA[|Ψ + >]]> 22.5° -22.5° 45° 45° <![CDATA[|Ψ - >]]>

[0184] The first communicating party can manipulate the angle of the half-wave plate in Table 1 to control the specific form of the shared quantum state. The first communicating party can make the entire communication method more controllable by publishing some measurement results.

[0185] Step 602: The first photon is distributed to the corresponding second communication party through the quantum channel. The first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result. The second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0186] In this embodiment of the disclosure, both the sender and the receiver are second communication parties, and the first communication party distributes the first photon to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel.

[0187] In this embodiment, four second communication parties are taken as examples, denoted as Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David. These four second communication parties are paired up, acting as receivers and senders respectively, allowing for various communication combinations. Assuming Alice and David are the senders, and the second photon to be transmitted is a single-bit quantum state, represented as |ψ> Alice and |ψ> David Bob and Charlie are the receivers. The first communicator distributes the first photon to Alice and David, who are the information senders, via a quantum channel, and sets the encoded single-bit quantum state |ψ> to be transmitted locally. Alice 、|ψ> David Interference is performed with the first photon, and a quantum state measurement is conducted to obtain the measurement result that the sender needs to send.

[0188] In this embodiment of the disclosure, quantum state measurement can be achieved by performing a Bell measurement.

[0189] Step 603: Announce the control quantum state to each second communication party. The control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the sender's measurement results, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0190] Optionally, the first communication direction publishes the control quantum state to each of the second communication parties, and Alice, Bob, Charlie and David can each determine the other party that shares the entangled photon pair with them, that is, as the receiver, they can determine the corresponding sender.

[0191] In this embodiment, based on the form of the control quantum state |ψ>, when Frank's control quantum state collapses to a horizontally polarized state |H>, entangled photon pairs are established between Alice and Bob, and between Charlie and David; when Frank's control quantum state collapses to a vertically polarized state |V>, entangled photon pairs are established between Alice and Charlie, and between Bob and David. Therefore, when Frank publishes the measurement results of the control quantum state, Alice and David, as the senders, can determine the corresponding receivers based on the entangled photon pairs and transmit the measurement results of their local second communication partners.

[0192] Furthermore, the quantum state information of entangled photon pairs is transmitted to each second communication party via a classical channel; wherein, the quantum state information of entangled photon pairs is used to determine the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation.

[0193] In this embodiment of the disclosure, during the transmission of entangled photon pairs by the first communicating party, neither the "sender" nor the "receiver" can clearly identify the source of their information transmission and reception, nor can the receiver recover the quantum state information through measurement results. Only after the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair transmitted by the first communicating party is obtained can the combination relationship between the sender and the receiver be determined. Once the combination relationship is determined, the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation can be established. Therefore, upon receiving the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair, the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation can be determined based on this information.

[0194] Alternatively, the quantum transformation operation is... Figure 1 The I, X, Z, and ZX operations are shown.

[0195] Furthermore, the measurement result from the sender is used by the receiver's first photon to perform the quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement result, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0196] Optionally, quantum information transmission can be achieved by restoring the received quantum state to the quantum state transmitted by the sender through a quantum transformation operation.

[0197] Using shared entangled photon pairs to achieve quantum information transmission can hide the identities of the communicating parties during the communication process, thereby improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0198] As one possible implementation method, please refer to Figure 8The flowchart of anonymous entanglement distribution shown illustrates that Frank, as the first communicator, first prepares the first photon and sends it to Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David. Alice and David, as the senders, after receiving the first photon, interfere with the corresponding second photon and perform Bell measurements to obtain the measurement results they need to send. Based on the measurement results of the control quantum state published by Frank, the corresponding receiver is determined, and the Bell measurement results are sent to the corresponding receiver. Then, based on the measurement results, a quantum transformation operation is performed to recover the quantum state sent by the inventor.

[0199] In this embodiment, a first communication party prepares a first photon for multiple second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state. The control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties. The first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs. The first photon is distributed to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel. The first photon is used to interfere with the sender's second photon and then perform quantum state measurement to obtain the measurement result. The second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit. The control quantum state is announced to each second communication party. The control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the sender's measurement result, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit. This method can hide the identity information of the sender and receiver during quantum communication, enabling anonymous communication in sensitive communication scenarios and improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0200] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum communication device according to an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the quantum communication device 900 includes: a first receiving module 901, a second receiving module 902, a first determining module 903, and a second determining module 904.

[0201] The first receiving module 901 is used to receive, through a quantum channel, the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of a control quantum state;

[0202] The second receiving module 902 is used to receive measurement results sent by at least one second communication party through a classical channel. The measurement results are obtained by the corresponding second communication party from the interference of a first photon received from the first communication party and a second photon, and the second photon is in the quantum state that the second communication party needs to transmit.

[0203] The first determining module 903 is used to determine the sender from at least one second communication party based on the control quantum state when the control quantum state sent by the first communication party is obtained, wherein the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs.

[0204] The second determining module 904 is used to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit based on the measurement results of the sender.

[0205] Furthermore, the second determining module 904 is also used for:

[0206] Perform a quantum state transformation operation on the first photon of the receiver, corresponding to the measurement result of the sender, and determine the quantum state of the first photon after the operation as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0207] Furthermore, the device also includes:

[0208] The first relationship determination module is used to receive the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair sent by the first communicating party through a classical channel; and to determine the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair.

[0209] The second relationship determination module is used to determine the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair agreed with the sender.

[0210] Furthermore, the second receiving module 902 is also used for:

[0211] The measurement results broadcast by each second communicating party are received via a classical channel; or,

[0212] Measurement results are received from each second communication party using a point-to-point method via a classic channel.

[0213] In this embodiment, a first photon prepared by a first communicating party under the control of a control quantum state is received via a quantum channel; a measurement result sent by at least one second communicating party is received via a classical channel; given the control quantum state sent by the first communicating party, the sender is determined from at least one second communicating party based on the control quantum state; the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation is determined; the quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the sender's measurement result is performed on the receiver's first photon, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit. This method can hide the identity information of the sender and receiver during quantum communication, enabling anonymous communication in sensitive communication scenarios and improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0214] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another quantum communication device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 10 As shown, the quantum communication device 1000 includes: a photon receiving module 1001, a measurement module 1002, and a result sending module 1003.

[0215] Photon receiving module 1001 is used to receive first photons prepared by the first communicator under the control of a control quantum state through a quantum channel;

[0216] Measurement module 1002 is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering the first photon with the second photon to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit;

[0217] The result transmission module 1003 is used to transmit measurement results to at least one second communication party via a classical channel, wherein the at least one second communication party includes a receiver determined based on a control quantum state, and the first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement results are used by the receiver to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0218] Furthermore, the result sending module 1003 is also used for:

[0219] The measurement results are broadcast to each second communicating party via a classic channel; or...

[0220] Measurement results are transmitted to each second communication party in a point-to-point manner via a classic channel.

[0221] In this embodiment, a first photon prepared by a first communicating party under the control of a control quantum state is received via a quantum channel. The first photon is interfered with a second photon, and a quantum state measurement is performed to obtain a measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state required by the sender. The measurement result is transmitted to at least one second communicating party via a classical channel, wherein the at least one second communicating party includes a receiver determined based on the control quantum state. The first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communicating party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement result is used by the receiver to determine the quantum state required by the sender. This method can hide the identity information of the sender and receiver during quantum communication, enabling anonymous communication in sensitive communication scenarios and improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0222] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another quantum communication device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 11 As shown, the quantum communication device includes: a preparation module 1101, a distribution module 1102, and a publication module 1103.

[0223] The preparation module 1101 is used to prepare first photons for multiple second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state; wherein, the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties, and the first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs;

[0224] The distribution module 1102 is used to distribute the first photon to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel. The first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result. The second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0225] The publishing module 1103 is used to publish the control quantum state to each second communication party. The control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the sender's measurement results, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0226] Furthermore, the measurement result from the sender is used by the receiver's first photon to perform the quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement result, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0227] Based on this, the device further includes: an information transmission module, used to transmit quantum state information of entangled photon pairs to each second communication party through a classical channel; wherein, the quantum state information of entangled photon pairs is used to determine the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation.

[0228] In this embodiment, a first communication party prepares a first photon for multiple second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state. The control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties. The first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs. The first photon is distributed to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel. The first photon is used to interfere with the sender's second photon and then perform quantum state measurement to obtain the measurement result. The second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit. The control quantum state is announced to each second communication party. The control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the sender's measurement result, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit. This method can hide the identity information of the sender and receiver during quantum communication, enabling anonymous communication in sensitive communication scenarios and improving the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0229] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a fabrication system for quantum communication proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0230] like Figure 12 As shown, the system includes: an entangled light source unit, a triggering unit, a control unit, and a path superposition unit.

[0231] The entangled light source unit is used to generate multiple entangled photons. The first path of the multiple entangled photons is output to the control unit, the second path is output to the triggering unit, and the remaining multiple third paths are output to the path superposition unit.

[0232] The triggering unit is used to perform quantum state measurement on the photons output from the second channel.

[0233] The control unit is used to measure the quantum state of the photons output from the first path to obtain a control quantum state when the target quantum state is obtained by the trigger unit. In the target quantum state, the photons from the first path and the multiple third paths are in a quantum entangled state. The control quantum state is of at least two types, and the corresponding two paths in the multiple third paths share entangled photon pairs in each control quantum state.

[0234] The path superposition unit is used to superimpose the paths of at least two of the multiple third paths, and output the first photon in parallel after the path superposition process.

[0235] The entangled light source unit includes: a pump light source, a nonlinear crystal, a first half-wave plate, and a first polarization beam splitter;

[0236] At least two nonlinear crystals are used to perform nonlinear conversion on the output light of the pump source to obtain two output lights. The two output lights output by the same nonlinear crystal are entangled photon pairs. One output light path of one nonlinear crystal is used as the first path, and one output light path of the other nonlinear crystal is used as the second path.

[0237] The first half-wave plate is at least two, and one of the two output optical paths of each nonlinear crystal is equipped with the first half-wave plate.

[0238] The first polarization beam splitter is located between two adjacent nonlinear crystals at the intersection of their output optical paths. It is used to input one output optical path of each of the two adjacent nonlinear crystals and to interfere with and output two output optical paths as the third path.

[0239] The output optical path of one of the two adjacent nonlinear crystals passes through the first half-wave plate, while the output optical path of the other nonlinear crystal does not pass through the first half-wave plate.

[0240] There are two first polarization beam splitters, each with two output optical paths; each first polarization beam splitter corresponds to a path superposition unit.

[0241] Any path superposition unit includes: a second polarization beam splitter, a second half-wave plate, a third polarization beam splitter, a fourth beam splitter, a third half-wave plate, and a beam combiner;

[0242] The second polarization beam splitter is disposed on one output optical path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter, and is used to split one output optical path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter to obtain a first beam splitting optical path and a second beam splitting optical path.

[0243] There are three second half-wave plates, which are respectively set in the first beam splitter optical path, the second beam splitter optical path and the other output optical path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter;

[0244] The third polarization beam splitter is located at the intersection of the first beam splitting optical path and the other output optical path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter. It is used to input the first beam splitting optical path and the other output optical path of the first polarization beam splitter, and to interfere with the output of two output optical paths. One of the output optical paths is used as the first beam splitting optical path among the multiple paths after path superposition processing to distribute the first photon.

[0245] The fourth polarization beam splitter is located at the intersection of the second beam splitter optical path and one output optical path of the third polarization beam splitter. It is used to input the second beam splitter optical path and one output optical path of the third polarization beam splitter, and to interfere with the output of the two output optical paths.

[0246] The third half-wave plate is positioned in one of the output optical paths of the fourth polarization beam splitter.

[0247] The beam combiner is used to combine one output optical path of the third polarization beam splitter with one output optical path of the fourth polarization beam splitter in another path superposition unit after passing through the third half-wave plate. After the output path superposition process, the second beam splitting path among the multiple paths distributes the first photon.

[0248] In this embodiment, the preparation system provides the first photon for anonymous communication to the second communication party, so that the receiver and the sender can hide their respective identity information during quantum communication. Communication between the sender and the receiver is achieved through entangled photon pairs. This method can be applied to more sensitive communication scenarios to achieve anonymous communication and improve the anonymity and security of the communication process.

[0249] This disclosure proposes another preparation system for quantum communication. When more than four entangled photons need to be prepared, multiple preparation systems can be deployed. These multiple preparation systems operate independently. Each preparation system outputs a first photon to four second communication parties that need to communicate, so that the four second communication parties can communicate anonymously.

[0250] For example, deploying one preparation system can prepare the first photon for anonymous communication for four second communication parties; deploying two independent systems can provide the first photon for anonymous communication for eight second communication parties, and divide the eight second communication parties into two groups, each group including four second communication parties, and one preparation system prepares the first photon for anonymous communication for the second communication parties in the corresponding group.

[0251] In this embodiment, by deploying multiple systems, the need for anonymous communication among multiple second communication parties is met, thus expanding the applicable scenarios of the preparation system.

[0252] This disclosure provides a communication device, including:

[0253] The above embodiments describe a fabrication system for quantum communication;

[0254] transceiver;

[0255] At least one processor; and

[0256] A memory that is communicatively connected to at least one processor; wherein,

[0257] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor, and these instructions are executed by at least one processor to enable at least one processor to perform:

[0258] Under the control of a control quantum state, a preparation system is used to prepare first photons for multiple second communication parties; wherein, the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties, and the first photons received by the sender and receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs;

[0259] The transceiver controls the distribution of the first photon to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel. The first photon is used to interfere with the second photon of the sender to perform quantum state measurement to obtain the measurement result. The second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0260] The control transceiver publishes the control quantum state to each second communication party. The control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the sender's measurement results, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

[0261] The measurement results from the sender are used by the receiver's first photon to perform the quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement results, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit;

[0262] The processor is also used for:

[0263] The control transceiver sends the quantum state information of entangled photon pairs to each of the second communication parties through a classical channel; wherein, the quantum state information of the entangled photon pairs is used to determine the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation.

[0264] According to embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0265] Figure 13A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 1300 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0266] like Figure 13 As shown, device 1300 includes a computing unit 1301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory) 1302 or a computer program loaded from storage unit 1308 into RAM (Random Access Memory) 1303. RAM 1303 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of device 1300. The computing unit 1301, ROM 1302, and RAM 1303 are interconnected via bus 1304. I / O (Input / Output) interface 1305 is also connected to bus 1304.

[0267] Multiple components in device 1300 are connected to I / O interface 1305, including: input unit 1306, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 1307, such as various types of monitors, speakers, etc.; storage unit 13013, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 1309, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 1309 allows device 1300 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0268] The computing unit 1301 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 1301 include, but are not limited to, CPUs (Central Processing Units), GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), various special-purpose AI (Artificial Intelligence) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 1301 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as quantum communication methods. For example, in some embodiments, the quantum communication method can be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 1308. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on device 1300 via ROM 1302 and / or communication unit 1309. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 1303 and executed by the computing unit 1301, one or more steps of the quantum communication method described above can be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, computing unit 1301 may be configured to perform quantum communication methods by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0269] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), ASSPs (Application-Specific Standard Products), SOCs (System-on-Chips), CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0270] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0271] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, RAM, ROM, EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory) or flash memory, optical fiber, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0272] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) or LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) monitor); and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0273] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication (e.g., communication networks) of any form or medium. Examples of communication networks include LANs (Local Area Networks), WANs (Wide Area Networks), the Internet, and blockchain networks.

[0274] Computer systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally geographically separated and typically interact via communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. A server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, a hosting product within the cloud computing service ecosystem, addressing the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS (Virtual Private Server, or simply "VPS") services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability. Servers can also be servers for distributed systems or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0275] It's important to note that artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of enabling computers to simulate certain human thought processes and intelligent behaviors (such as learning, reasoning, thinking, and planning). It encompasses both hardware and software technologies. AI hardware technologies generally include sensors, dedicated AI chips, cloud computing, distributed storage, and big data processing. AI software technologies primarily include computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine learning / deep learning, big data processing, and knowledge graph technologies.

[0276] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0277] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A quantum communication method applied to a receiver, the method comprising: The first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of the control quantum state is received through a quantum channel; The measurement result is received by the second communication party through a classical channel. The measurement result is obtained by the corresponding second communication party through quantum state measurement after interference between the first photon and the second photon received from the first communication party. The second photon is in the quantum state that the second communication party needs to transmit. If the control quantum state sent by the first communication party is obtained, the sender is determined from the second communication party based on the control quantum state, wherein the first photon received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party is an entangled photon pair; Based on the measurement results from the sender, the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit based on the sender's measurement results includes: Perform a quantum state transformation operation on the first photon of the receiver, corresponding to the measurement result of the sender, and determine the quantum state of the first photon after the operation as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The method further includes: The quantum state information of the entangled photon pair sent by the first communicating party is received through the classical channel; Based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair, the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation is determined.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair agreed upon with the sender, the correspondence between the measurement result and the quantum state transformation operation is determined.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The receiving of measurement results sent by the second communicating party via a classical channel includes: The measurement results broadcast by each of the second communicating parties are received through the classical channel; or... The measurement results are received by each of the second communicating parties in a point-to-point manner through the classical channel.

6. A quantum communication method applied to a sender, the method comprising: The first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of the control quantum state is received through a quantum channel; The measurement result is obtained by interfering the first photon with the second photon and then measuring the quantum state, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit; The measurement result is transmitted to a second communication party via a classical channel, wherein the second communication party includes a receiver determined based on the control quantum state, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement result is used by the receiver to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The step of sending the measurement results to the second communicating party via a classical channel includes: The measurement results are broadcast to each of the second communicating parties via a classical channel; or... The measurement results are transmitted to each of the second communicating parties in a point-to-point manner via a classic channel.

8. A quantum communication method applied to a first communicating party, the method comprising: A first photon is prepared for a plurality of second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state; wherein the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the plurality of second communication parties, and the first photon received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party is an entangled photon pair; The first photon is distributed to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel, wherein the first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit; The control quantum state is published to each of the second communication parties, wherein the control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the measurement results of the sender, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The measurement result from the sender is used by the receiver's first photon to perform a quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement result, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit; The method further includes: The quantum state information of the entangled photon pairs is transmitted to each of the second communicating parties via a classical channel; wherein the quantum state information of the entangled photon pairs is used to determine the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation.

10. A quantum communication device, comprising: The first receiving module is used to receive, through a quantum channel, the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of a control quantum state; The second receiving module is used to receive the measurement result sent by the second communication party through a classical channel. The measurement result is obtained by the corresponding second communication party from the interference of the first photon and the second photon received from the first communication party and performing quantum state measurement. The second photon is in the quantum state that the second communication party needs to transmit. The first determining module is used to determine the sender from the second communication party based on the control quantum state sent by the first communication party when the control quantum state is obtained, wherein the first photon received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party is an entangled photon pair; The second determining module is used to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit based on the measurement results of the sender.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein, The second determining module is used for: Based on the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation, the quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement results of the sender is performed on the first photon of the receiver, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The device further includes: The first relationship determination module is used to receive the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair sent by the first communicating party through the classical channel; and to determine the correspondence based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The device further includes: The second relationship determination module is used to determine the correspondence relationship based on the quantum state information of the entangled photon pair agreed with the sender.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 10-13, wherein, The second receiving module is used for: The measurement results broadcast by each of the second communicating parties are received through the classical channel; or... The measurement results are received by each of the second communicating parties in a point-to-point manner through the classical channel.

15. A quantum communication device, the device comprising: A photon receiving module is used to receive, through a quantum channel, the first photon prepared by the first communicator under the control of a control quantum state; The measurement module is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering the first photon with the second photon to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit; The result transmission module is used to transmit the measurement result to a second communication party via a classical channel, wherein the second communication party includes a receiver determined based on the control quantum state, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs, and the measurement result is used by the receiver to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, The result sending module is used for: The measurement results are broadcast to each of the second communicating parties via the classical channel; or... The measurement results are transmitted to each of the second communicating parties in a point-to-point manner through the classic channel.

17. A quantum communication device, the device comprising: A preparation module is used to prepare first photons for multiple second communication parties under the control of a control quantum state; wherein the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs; A distribution module is used to distribute the first photon to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel, wherein the first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result, wherein the second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit; The publishing module is used to publish the control quantum state to each of the second communication parties, wherein the control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the measurement results of the sender, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The measurement result from the sender is used by the receiver's first photon to perform a quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement result, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit; The device further includes: The information transmission module is used to transmit the quantum state information of the entangled photon pairs to each of the second communication parties through a classical channel; wherein the quantum state information of the entangled photon pairs is used to determine the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation.

19. A fabrication system for quantum communication, the system comprising: An entangled light source unit is used to generate multiple entangled photons. The first path of the multiple entangled photons is output to the control unit, the second path is output to the triggering unit, and the remaining multiple third paths are output to the path superposition unit. The triggering unit is used to perform quantum state measurement on the photons output from the second channel; The control unit is configured to measure the quantum state of the photons output from the first path to obtain a control quantum state when the target quantum state is measured by the trigger unit, wherein the photons from the first path and the multiple third paths are in a quantum entangled state under the target quantum state; the control quantum state is of at least two types, and the corresponding two paths in the multiple third paths share entangled photon pairs under each control quantum state; The path superposition unit is used to superimpose paths between at least two of the multiple third paths, and output the first photon in parallel after path superposition processing.

20. The system according to claim 19, wherein, The entangled light source unit includes: a pump light source, a nonlinear crystal, a first half-wave plate, and a first polarization beam splitter; The nonlinear crystals are at least two, used to perform nonlinear conversion on the emitted light from the pump light source to obtain two output lights respectively. The two output lights output by the same nonlinear crystal are entangled photon pairs. One output light path of one nonlinear crystal is used as the first path, and one output light path of the other nonlinear crystal is used as the second path. The first half-wave plate is at least two, and one of the two output optical paths of each nonlinear crystal is provided with the first half-wave plate; The first polarization beam splitter is disposed between two adjacent nonlinear crystals at the intersection of the output optical paths of the two nonlinear crystals. It is used to input one output optical path of each of the two adjacent nonlinear crystals and to interfere with and output two output optical paths as the third path.

21. The system according to claim 20, wherein, The output optical path of one of the two adjacent nonlinear crystals passes through the first half-wave plate, while the output optical path of the other nonlinear crystal does not pass through the first half-wave plate.

22. The system according to claim 20, wherein, There are two first polarization beam splitters, and each first polarization beam splitter has two output optical paths; Each of the first polarization beam splitters corresponds to the path superposition unit.

23. The system according to claim 22, wherein, Each of the path superposition units includes: a second polarization beam splitter, a second half-wave plate, a third polarization beam splitter, a fourth polarization beam splitter, a third half-wave plate, and a beam combiner; The second polarization beam splitter is disposed on one output optical path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter, and is used to split one output optical path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter to obtain a first beam splitting optical path and a second beam splitting optical path. There are three second half-wave plates, which are respectively disposed in the first beam splitter path, the second beam splitter path and the other output path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter; The third polarization beam splitter is located at the intersection of the first beam splitting optical path and the other output optical path of the corresponding first polarization beam splitter. It is used to input the first beam splitting optical path and the other output optical path of the first polarization beam splitter, and to interfere with and output two output optical paths. One of the output optical paths serves as the first beam splitting optical path among the multiple paths after the path superposition process to distribute the first photon. The fourth polarization beam splitter is located at the intersection of the second beam splitter optical path and one output optical path of the third polarization beam splitter. It is used to input the second beam splitter optical path and one output optical path of the third polarization beam splitter, and to interfere with and output two output optical paths. The third half-wave plate is disposed in one of the output optical paths of the fourth polarization beam splitter. The beam combiner is used to combine one output optical path of the third polarization beam splitter with one output optical path of the fourth polarization beam splitter in another path superposition unit that passes through the third half-wave plate, and output the second split optical path among the multiple paths after path superposition processing to distribute the first photon.

24. An electronic device comprising: At least one processor; as well as A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enables the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-5, or to perform the method of claim 6 or 7, or to perform the method of claim 8 or 9.

25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-5, or to perform the method according to claim 6 or 7, or to perform the method according to claim 8 or 9.

26. A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-5, or performs the method according to claim 6 or 7, or performs the method according to claim 8 or 9.

27. A communication device, comprising: The fabrication system for quantum communication as described in any one of claims 19-23; transceiver; At least one processor; as well as A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform: Under the control of a control quantum state, the preparation system is used to prepare first photons for multiple second communication parties; wherein, the control quantum state is used to adjust the combination relationship between the sender and receiver among the multiple second communication parties, and the first photons received by the sender and the receiver from the first communication party are entangled photon pairs; The transceiver is controlled to distribute the first photon to the corresponding second communication party through a quantum channel. The first photon is used to perform quantum state measurement after interfering with the second photon of the sender to obtain the measurement result. The second photon is in the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit. The transceiver is controlled to publish the control quantum state to each of the second communication parties, wherein the control quantum state is used by the receiver to determine the corresponding sender and, based on the measurement results of the sender, to determine the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit.

28. The communication device according to claim 27, wherein, The measurement result from the sender is used by the receiver's first photon to perform a quantum state transformation operation corresponding to the measurement result, and the quantum state of the first photon after the operation is determined as the quantum state that the sender needs to transmit; The processor is also used for: The transceiver is controlled to send the quantum state information of the entangled photon pairs to each of the second communication parties through a classical channel; wherein the quantum state information of the entangled photon pairs is used to determine the correspondence between the measurement results and the quantum state transformation operation.

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