Fermentation material and its application in porous slow-release fertilizer

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of slow-release fertilizer, and particularly relates to a fermentation material and application of the fermentation material in porous slow-release fertilizer. The fermentation material is prepared by mixing poultry manure, plant waste containing straw and a compound microbial agent, and not only realizes resource utilization, but also reduces environmental pollution. When the fermentation material is used to prepare the porous slow-release fertilizer, the cost of the slow-release fertilizer is greatly reduced, the porous slow-release fertilizer is completely decomposed, has no root burning and seedling rot, has high nutrient content, and the porous structure is beneficial to increasing soil aggregate structure, improving soil fertility and water retention capacity, and improving soil aeration. Experiments prove that after the porous slow-release fertilizer is used, soil organic carbon is increased by 6.5% to 10.7%, and crop yield is increased by 8.7% to 11%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of slow-release fertilizers, specifically relating to a fermentation material and its application in porous slow-release fertilizers. Background Technology

[0002] Low- and medium-yield farmland refers to arable land where one or more factors restrict agricultural production, resulting in relatively low and unstable agricultural yields. The main characteristics of low- and medium-yield farmland are low soil fertility, insufficient supply of active nutrients, low and unstable land productivity, and poor production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously improve the soil fertility of low- and medium-yield farmland.

[0003] Currently, commonly used fertilizers to improve soil fertility in low- and medium-yield fields include chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. However, these fertilizers easily cause soil compaction, severe nitrogen and phosphorus loss, reduced soil fertility, and nutrient imbalance. Furthermore, although existing technologies include fermenting straw with organic fertilizers and microbial agents to produce organic fertilizers, these fertilizers are easily broken, release nutrients rapidly, and are prone to causing eutrophication and soil nutrient deficits. Therefore, there is currently no fertilizer that is not easily broken, combines soil structure improvement and aeration with good slow-release properties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fermentation material and its application in porous slow-release fertilizer. This fermentation material fully combines crop straw and garden waste, which is environmentally friendly and low-cost. The resulting porous slow-release fertilizer is not easily broken, has strong aeration, and has good slow-release function.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a fermentation feed comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0007] The mixture contains 60-65 parts of plant waste containing straw, 25-30 parts of organic manure, and 1-2 parts of compound microbial agent.

[0008] The compound microbial agent includes white-rot fungi, *Proteus vulgaris*, and *Trichoderma harzianum*.

[0009] The mass fraction of straw in the plant waste is 60% to 80%;

[0010] The effective viable bacteria count of the fermentation material is ≥10. 9 cfu / g.

[0011] Preferred, The organic manure includes one or more of the following: chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, and aquaculture manure. ;

[0012] The mass ratio of the white-rot fungus, *Protozoa chrysophyllosa*, and *Trichoderma harzianum* is 1–2:2–3:5–8.

[0013] Preferably, the straw includes one or more of rice straw, corn straw, cotton straw, peanut straw, wheat straw, and soybean straw;

[0014] The plant waste also includes garden waste; the garden waste includes one or more of branches, twigs, roots, sawdust, wood chips and fallen leaves.

[0015] This invention provides a method for preparing the fermentation material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Plant waste containing straw, organic manure, and compound microbial agents are mixed to obtain fermentation raw materials;

[0017] The moisture content of the fermentation raw materials is adjusted and fermentation is carried out to obtain the fermented material;

[0018] The moisture content of the fermentation feedstock is 50 wt.% to 60 wt.%.

[0019] The application of the fermented material described in the above technical solution or the fermented material obtained by the preparation method in slow-release fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, the slow-release fertilizer includes columnar granular slow-release fertilizer with a porous structure; the columnar granular slow-release fertilizer has a diameter of 10-15 mm and a length of 2-3 cm;

[0021] The number of pore-like structures is 1 to 3.

[0022] This invention provides a porous slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0023] The fermentation material as described in claim 1 or 2 consists of 80-90 parts, clay minerals 2-4 parts, and binder 3-6 parts.

[0024] Preferably, the clay mineral includes any two of bentonite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and vermiculite;

[0025] The adhesive comprises any two of polyacrylamide, attapulgite powder, and acrylic resin.

[0026] This invention provides the application of the porous slow-release fertilizer described in the above technical solution in improving soil fertility.

[0027] Preferably, the soil includes medium-yield field soil and / or low-yield field soil.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] This invention provides a fermentation feed comprising the following components in parts by weight: 60-65 parts of a mixture containing straw, 25-30 parts of organic manure, and 1-2 parts of a compound microbial agent; the compound microbial agent includes white-rot fungi, *Phanerochaete chrysosporium*, and *Trichoderma harzianum*; in the mixture containing straw, the straw mass fraction is 60%-80%; the effective viable count of the fermentation feed is ≥10. 9 CFU / g. This invention prepares fermentation feed from poultry and livestock manure, plant waste containing straw, and compound microbial agents, which not only realizes resource utilization but also reduces environmental pollution. Using this feed to prepare slow-release fertilizer significantly reduces the cost of slow-release fertilizer.

[0030] Based on the above-mentioned technical advantages, this invention also provides a porous slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of the fermented material described in the above technical solution, 2-4 parts of clay minerals, and 3-6 parts of binder. The porous slow-release fertilizer, prepared by mixing the fermented material with clay minerals and binder, allows the organic matter to gradually humify, improving the soil microbial environment. By limiting the pore size of the slow-release fertilizer, its water and fertilizer retention capacity is improved, and soil aeration is enhanced. Experiments have shown that after using the porous slow-release fertilizer provided by this invention, soil organic carbon increased by 6.5%-10.7%, and crop yield increased by 8.7%-11%. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the porous slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the porous slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0034] This invention provides a fermentation feed comprising the following components by weight: 60-65 parts of plant waste containing straw, 25-30 parts of organic manure, and 1-2 parts of a compound microbial agent; the compound microbial agent includes white-rot fungi, *Phanerochaete chrysosporium*, and *Trichoderma harzianum*; the straw content in the plant waste is 60%-80% by weight; and the effective viable count of the fermentation feed is ≥10. 9 cfu / g.

[0035] The fermentation material of the present invention comprises, by weight, 60-65 parts of plant waste containing straw, preferably 60 parts; the straw content in the plant waste is 60%-80%, more preferably 70%; the straw preferably includes one or more of rice straw, corn straw, cotton straw, peanut straw, wheat straw, and soybean straw, more preferably rice straw, corn straw, cotton straw, peanut straw, wheat straw, or soybean straw; when the straw contains multiple crop straws, the content of each type of straw... There are no special requirements for the mass ratio; the total amount of various types of straw should meet the mass fraction requirement in agricultural waste. The plant waste preferably includes garden waste. The garden waste preferably includes one or more of branches, twigs, roots, sawdust, wood chips, and fallen leaves, and more preferably branches, twigs, roots, sawdust, or wood chips. When the plant waste contains various types of garden waste, there are no special requirements for the mass ratio of the various types of garden waste; the total amount of the various types of garden waste should meet the mass fraction requirement in agricultural waste.

[0036] Based on the mass fraction of the plant waste containing straw, the amount of organic manure in the fermentation material of the present invention is 25 to 30 parts, preferably 25 parts; The organic manure includes chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, and aquaculture manure. One or more Chicken manure, cow manure, and sheep manure are preferred. 、 pig manure or aquaculture manure When the organic manure contains multiple types of manure, there are no special requirements for the mass ratio of the various manures; the total amount of the various manures should meet the mass fraction of the fermentation material.

[0037] Based on the mass fraction of plant waste containing straw, the compound microbial agent in the fermentation material of this invention comprises 1-2 parts, preferably 2 parts; the compound microbial agent includes white-rot fungi, *Phanerochaete chrysosporium*, and *Trichoderma harzianum*; the preferred mass ratio of the white-rot fungi, *Phanerochaete chrysosporium*, and *Trichoderma harzianum* is 1-2:2-3:5-8, more preferably 1:2:4; there are no special requirements for the source of the white-rot fungi, *Phanerochaete chrysosporium*, and *Trichoderma harzianum*, which can be purchased conventionally. In a specific embodiment of this invention, the white-rot fungi, *Phanerochaete chrysosporium*, and *Trichoderma harzianum* were all purchased from Beijing Beina Chuanglian Biotechnology Research Institute (website: www.bncc.com), with the product number of the white-rot fungi being BNCC336258, the product number of *Phanerochaete chrysosporium* being BNCC189286, and the product number of *Trichoderma harzianum* being BNCC336568. The fermentation material prepared from the above-mentioned raw materials is conducive to resource utilization and reduces environmental pollution. When used to prepare slow-release fertilizer, it greatly reduces the cost of slow-release fertilizer.

[0038] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the fermentation material described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: mixing plant waste containing straw, organic manure and compound microbial agent to obtain fermentation raw material; adjusting the moisture content of the fermentation raw material and fermenting it to obtain the fermentation material; the moisture content of the fermentation raw material is 50 wt.% to 60 wt.%.

[0039] The present invention preferably involves pulverizing plant waste containing straw to obtain pulverized plant waste. In this invention, the pulverization method is not particularly required and any technique well-known in the art can be used; the particle size of the pulverized plant waste is preferably 1–6 cm, more preferably 1–3 cm.

[0040] After obtaining the pulverized plant waste, the present invention preferably mixes the pulverized plant waste, organic manure, and compound microbial agent to obtain fermentation raw materials. In the present invention, the mass ratio and composition of the plant waste containing straw, organic manure, and compound microbial agent have been described in detail above and will not be repeated here; there are no special requirements for the mixing method, as long as it is mixed evenly.

[0041] After obtaining the fermentation raw material, the present invention adjusts the moisture content of the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation raw material with suitable moisture content. In the present invention, the moisture content of the fermentation raw material is 50 wt.% to 60 wt.%, preferably 50 wt.%; there are no special requirements for the method of adjusting the moisture content, and techniques well known in the art can be used.

[0042] After obtaining the fermentation raw material with suitable moisture content, the present invention ferments the raw material to obtain fermented material. The fermentation process is accompanied by stirring; the stirring frequency is preferably once every 1-2 days, more preferably once a day; the stirring method has no special requirements and can employ techniques well-known in the art; moisture content is detected and replenished before stirring to ensure a moisture content of 40wt.%-60wt.% in the fermentation raw material during fermentation; the oxygen content in the fermentation raw material is preferably 8%-18%, more preferably 15%; the fermentation temperature is preferably 45-65℃; the fermentation time is preferably 15-30 days, specifically when 70%-80% of the fermentation raw material turns brown or dark brown. The fermented material of the present invention is preferably cooled fermented material; the cooling temperature is preferably 20-30℃. The fermented material prepared in this way is beneficial for the preparation of slow-release fertilizer.

[0043] This invention provides the application of the fermentation material described in the above technical solution or the fermentation material obtained by the preparation method in slow-release fertilizer.

[0044] In this invention, the slow-release fertilizer preferably comprises columnar granular slow-release fertilizer with a porous structure. In this invention, the diameter of the columnar granular slow-release fertilizer is preferably 10-15 mm, more preferably 10 mm; the length of the columnar granular slow-release fertilizer is preferably 2-3 cm, more preferably 2 cm; the porous structure is preferably a through hole; the through hole is parallel to the height (i.e., length) of the columnar granular slow-release fertilizer; the number of porous structures is preferably 1-3, more preferably 1 or 3; when the slow-release fertilizer has one porous structure, the diameter of the porous structure is preferably 3-5 mm, more preferably 4 mm; when the slow-release fertilizer has three porous structures, the diameter of each porous structure is preferably 3-4 mm; the three holes are arranged in a triangular pattern in the same plane, preferably in an equilateral triangle pattern, which is beneficial for obtaining a structurally stable porous structure.

[0045] This invention provides a porous slow-release fertilizer comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of the fermentation material described in the above technical solution, 2-4 parts of clay minerals, and 3-6 parts of binder.

[0046] In this invention, the mass fraction of the fermentation material in the porous slow-release fertilizer is 80-90 parts, preferably 80 parts; the composition and preparation method of the fermentation material have been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.

[0047] Based on the mass fraction of the fermentation material, the clay minerals in the porous slow-release fertilizer are 2 to 4 parts, preferably 2 parts; the clay minerals preferably include any two of bentonite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and vermiculite; the two clay minerals are preferably combined in a mass ratio of 0.6 to 1.8:0.6 to 1.8, more preferably in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0048] Based on the mass fraction of the fermentation material, the binder in the porous slow-release fertilizer is 3 to 6 parts, preferably 4 parts; the binder preferably includes any two of polyacrylamide, attapulgite powder, and acrylic resin; the two binders are preferably combined in a mass ratio of 0.5 to 1.5:0.5 to 1.5, more preferably mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1. The preferred method for preparing the porous slow-release fertilizer of the present invention includes: mixing and granulating the fermentation material, clay minerals, and binder to obtain the porous slow-release fertilizer. The particle size of the fermentation material, clay minerals, and binder in the present invention is ≤10 mesh; the mixing and granulation method is not required, and techniques well known in the art can be used; the diameter, length, and number of pores in the porous slow-release fertilizer have been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.

[0049] This invention provides the application of the porous slow-release fertilizer described in the above-mentioned technical solution in improving soil fertility. The soil described in this invention preferably includes medium-yield farmland soil and / or low-yield farmland soil; the classification criteria for medium-yield and low-yield farmland soil are preferably based on the "National Technical Specification for Classification and Improvement of Medium- and Low-Yield Farmland Types (NY / T310-1996)" standard; the medium-yield and / or low-yield farmland soil is preferably rice-grown soil; when the porous slow-release fertilizer is applied to medium-yield farmland soil, the application rate is preferably 100-200 kg / mu, more preferably 200 kg / mu; when the porous slow-release fertilizer is applied to low-yield farmland soil, the application rate is preferably >200 kg / mu and ≤400 kg / mu, more preferably 300 kg / mu. Applying the porous slow-release fertilizer prepared by this invention to medium- and low-yield farmland soil is beneficial for improving soil fertility.

[0050] The slow-release fertilizer prepared by this invention contains complete nutrients, improves soil, and does not cause soil compaction. The organic matter gradually decomposes, improving the soil microbial environment. Furthermore, because the columnar granular slow-release fertilizer of this invention has pores, it more effectively mitigates the damage to the soil caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizers, increases soil aggregate structure, enhances soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improves soil aeration. The slow-release fertilizer of this invention is fully decomposed, does not burn roots, and does not cause seedling rot. Moreover, high-temperature decomposition kills most pathogens and insect eggs, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. It has a high nutrient content. Experiments have shown that after applying the porous slow-release fertilizer prepared by this invention, soil organic carbon increased by 6.5%–10.7%, and crop yield increased by 8.7%–11%.

[0051] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, describes a fermentation material provided by the present invention and its application in porous slow-release fertilizer, but these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] In the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and equipment used are all conventionally purchased.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] A method for preparing a porous slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0055] (1) Raw material preparation: Rice straw and garden waste are mixed at a mass ratio of 7:3. The mixture is then crushed into small pieces with a length of 1-6 cm. The small pieces, pig manure and compound microbial agent are mixed at a mass ratio of 60:25:2. The mixture is stirred and moistened to adjust the moisture content to 50wt.%-60wt.%. After mixing evenly, fermentation is carried out (the compound microbial agent is white rot fungus, *Protozoa chrysospora*, and *Trichoderma harzianum*, with a mass ratio of 1:2:4. The white rot fungus, *Protozoa chrysospora*, and *Trichoderma harzianum* were all purchased from www.bncc.com. The product number of the white rot fungus is BNCC336258, the product number of the *Protozoa chrysospora* is BNCC189286, and the product number of the *Trichoderma harzianum* is BNCC336568).

[0056] (2) Fermentation: During the raw material fermentation process in step (1), the mixture of fermentation raw materials is stirred and turned every 1-2 days; during the fermentation process, oxygen is supplied through ventilation by a blower to maintain the oxygen content at 8%-18%; the moisture content is measured and replenished before each stirring and turning to maintain the moisture content of the raw material mixture at 40wt.%-60wt.%; after 15 days of fermentation, the fermented material turns brown or dark brown, indicating that the straw has reached the standard of maturity, that is, the fermentation is complete. After it cools down to room temperature (i.e., 20-30℃), the fermented material is obtained. At this time, the total number of effective viable bacteria in the fermented material is ≥1×10 9 cfu / g.

[0057] (3) Mixing: Bentonite and montmorillonite are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain clay minerals; polyacrylamide and acrylic resin are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain adhesives;

[0058] Take the fermented material from step (2), the above-mentioned clay minerals, and the above-mentioned binder, mix them in a mass ratio of 80:2:4, pass them through a 10-mesh sieve, and granulate them by machine to obtain a porous straw slow-release fertilizer product for improving low- and medium-yield farmland soil. The product has the following specifications: diameter 10-15mm, length 2-3cm, and has one porous structure, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown, (in the actual production process, there are also slow-release fertilizers with 3 pores, such as...) Figure 1 (As shown).

[0059] Application Example 1

[0060] Application of porous straw slow-release fertilizer in improving soil fertility and rice yield in low-yield paddy fields

[0061] From 2022 to 2023, a 100-mu demonstration plot was selected in Ningbo City to conduct research on improving soil fertility and rice yield in low-yield paddy fields. The experiment mainly applied the perforated straw slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention. The rice variety was Yongyou 1540. The low-yield paddy fields were determined according to the standard of "National Classification and Improvement Technical Specifications for Medium and Low Yield Fields (NY / T 310-1996)".

[0062] Specific experimental procedures:

[0063] Demonstration plot: Apply 300 kg / mu of slow-release straw fertilizer evenly to the field before plowing, and use 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 20:8:12) as base fertilizer. Then, rotary tillage to 15 cm is carried out. One demonstration plot is one treatment, and each treatment is repeated in 3 parallel experiments. The area of ​​each demonstration plot is 2 mu. During the rice planting period, apply 10 kg / mu of urea as top dressing during the seedling stage and carry out routine management.

[0064] Non-demonstration plots: Following the farmers' conventional methods: one non-demonstration plot is one treatment, with three parallel experiments for each treatment. The area of ​​each non-demonstration plot is 2 mu. The base fertilizer is 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 20:8:12). The tillage depth is 15 cm. During the rice planting period, 10 kg / mu of urea is applied as top dressing during the seedling stage, and conventional management is carried out.

[0065] Results and Analysis:

[0066] Soil nutrient indicators and rice yield were collected in demonstration fields and non-demonstration fields before fertilization (March) and after rice harvest (November) in 2022, and the results are shown in Table 1. Soil nutrient indicators and rice yield were collected in demonstration fields and non-demonstration fields before fertilization (March) and after rice harvest (November) in 2023, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0067] Table 1. Changes in soil nutrient content and rice yield in low-yield fields.

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] As shown in Table 1, compared with the non-demonstration control, after two consecutive years of application of porous straw slow-release fertilizer to improve and fertilize the soil in local paddy fields, the soil bulk density was reduced, with a cumulative reduction of 4.96% over two years; soil organic carbon increased by 10.7%, and soil fertility indicators (including nitrogen and phosphorus) were significantly improved; after two years of fertilization trials, rice yield increased by 7.0% compared with the control treatment. Therefore, the porous straw slow-release fertilizer prepared in this invention has a good effect on improving fertility and increasing yield in low-yield paddy fields.

[0071] Application Example 2

[0072] Application of porous straw slow-release fertilizer in improving soil fertility and rice yield in medium-yield paddy fields

[0073] From 2022 to 2023, a 100-mu demonstration plot was selected in Ningbo City to conduct research on improving soil fertility and rice yield in low-yield paddy fields. The experiment mainly applied the porous straw slow-release fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention. The rice variety was Yongyou 1540. The paddy fields were determined to be medium-yield paddy fields according to the standard of "National Technical Specifications for Classification and Improvement of Medium and Low Yield Fields (NY / T 310-1996)".

[0074] Specific experimental procedures:

[0075] Demonstration plot: Apply 300 kg / mu of slow-release straw fertilizer evenly to the field before plowing, and use 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 20:8:12) as base fertilizer. Then, rotary tillage to 15 cm is carried out. One demonstration plot is one treatment, and each treatment is repeated in 3 parallel experiments. The area of ​​each demonstration plot is 2 mu. During the rice planting period, apply 10 kg / mu of urea as top dressing during the seedling stage and carry out routine management.

[0076] Non-demonstration plots: Following the farmers' conventional methods: one non-demonstration plot is one treatment, with three parallel experiments for each treatment. The area of ​​each non-demonstration plot is 1.5 mu. The base fertilizer is 20 kg / mu of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 20:8:12). The tillage depth is 15 cm. During the rice planting period, 10 kg / mu of urea is applied as top dressing during the seedling stage, and conventional management is carried out.

[0077] Results and Analysis:

[0078] Soil nutrient indicators and rice yield were collected in demonstration fields and non-demonstration fields before fertilization (March) and after rice harvest (November) in 2022, and the results are shown in Table 2. Soil nutrient indicators and rice yield were collected in demonstration fields and non-demonstration fields before fertilization (March) and after rice harvest (November) in 2023, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0079] Table 2. Changes in soil nutrient content and rice yield in medium-yield rice fields.

[0080]

[0081] As shown in Table 2, compared with the non-demonstration control, after two consecutive years of application of perforated straw slow-release fertilizer to improve and fertilize the soil of medium-yield paddy fields, the soil bulk density was reduced by approximately 3.0% cumulatively over two years, soil organic carbon increased by 6.5%, and soil fertility indicators (including nitrogen and phosphorus) were significantly improved. After two years of fertilization trials, rice yield increased by 10.6% compared to the control treatment. Therefore, the perforated straw slow-release fertilizer of this invention has a very good effect on improving fertility and increasing yield in medium-yield paddy fields.

[0082] In summary, the porous straw slow-release fertilizer prepared by this invention is environmentally friendly and low in cost, not easily broken, and has strong aeration, thus helping to improve soil fertility and thereby increase crop yield.

[0083] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a porous slow-release fertilizer in improving soil fertility; wherein the soil is rice-growing soil; the improvement of soil fertility includes increasing soil aggregate structure, enhancing soil's fertilizer and water retention capacity, and improving soil aeration; The porous slow-release fertilizer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts fermentation material, 2-4 parts clay minerals, and 3-6 parts binder; The porous slow-release fertilizer is a columnar granular slow-release fertilizer with a porous structure; The columnar granular slow-release fertilizer has a diameter of 10-15 mm and a length of 2-3 cm; The slow-release fertilizer has 1 to 3 porous structures; The fermentation feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: The mixture contains 60-65 parts of plant waste containing straw, 25-30 parts of organic manure, and 1-2 parts of compound microbial agent. The compound microbial agent comprises white-rot fungi, *Procambarus chrysospora*, and *Trichoderma harzianum* in a mass ratio of 1:2:

4. The mass fraction of straw in the plant waste is 60% to 80%; The effective viable bacteria count of the fermentation material is ≥10. 9 cfu / g; The method for preparing the fermentation material includes the following steps: Plant waste containing straw, organic manure, and compound microbial agents are mixed to obtain fermentation raw materials; The moisture content of the fermentation raw materials is adjusted and fermentation is carried out to obtain the fermented material; The moisture content of the fermentation raw material is 50 wt.% to 60 wt.%. The clay minerals are bentonite and montmorillonite; the mass ratio of bentonite to montmorillonite is 1:

1. The adhesive is a mixture of polyacrylamide and acrylic resin; the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide and acrylic resin is 1:

1.

2. The porous slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic manure includes one or more of the following: chicken manure, cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, and aquaculture manure.

3. The porous slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The straw includes one or more of rice straw, corn straw, cotton straw, peanut straw, wheat straw, and soybean straw; The plant waste also includes garden waste; the garden waste includes one or more of branches, twigs, roots, sawdust, wood chips and fallen leaves.

4. The application according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The soil includes medium-yield field soil and / or low-yield field soil.

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