A multifunctional, cross-scale geotechnical granular material mechanics test system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of multifunctional, cross-scale geotechnical particle material mechanics test system, including vertical loading structure, horizontal loading structure, triaxial pressure chamber, for fixing vertical loading structure and horizontal loading structure relative position counterforce support frame, and for supporting the horizontal base plate of system;Triaxial pressure chamber is equipped with replaceable triaxial sample unit and sample shear unit in, the sample shear unit includes stacked and communicated upper direct shear box and lower direct shear box, the vertical loading structure is for vertical loading to triaxial sample unit and shear unit, and obtains the vertical displacement and vertical load of sample, the horizontal loading structure is for horizontal loading to sample shear unit, and obtains the horizontal displacement of sample.Compared with prior art, the present application has the advantages of strong functionality, high vertical loading frequency etc..

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical mechanics and geotechnical engineering testing equipment, and in particular to a multifunctional, multi-scale geotechnical particle material mechanical testing system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geotechnical engineering testing equipment, traditional testing devices study the mechanical properties of rock materials through different loading methods. For example, a conventional dynamic direct shear tester applies a horizontal thrust to the lower shear box to cause relative displacement of the specimens in the upper and lower shear boxes, in order to study the interfacial shear characteristics of rock and soil granular materials. A conventional dynamic triaxial tester applies axial force and surrounding pressure to the specimen to study the mechanical properties of rock and soil granular materials. However, the axial loading frequency of the conventional dynamic triaxial tester is relatively low, generally not exceeding 10Hz. In actual engineering, such as high-speed rail, the load frequency can reach 50Hz, and as the speed of high-speed rail continues to increase, the load frequency will be even higher. Therefore, the range of objects that can be studied by the conventional dynamic triaxial tester is relatively limited.

[0003] Therefore, existing equipment has relatively limited functionality and cannot perform multiple testing functions on a single testing device. Furthermore, the aforementioned testing equipment still studies the mechanical properties of soil and rock granular materials from a macroscopic perspective, with a relatively limited analytical scale. This makes it difficult to analyze the microscopic deformation process and failure state of the samples. Currently, most methods for analyzing the microscopic mechanical properties of soil and rock granular materials rely on discrete element numerical simulation, which has significant uncertainties, and the accuracy of the experimental results remains to be verified. Therefore, it is necessary to study the microscopic mechanical properties of soil and rock granular materials through laboratory testing. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for a multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, which has limited equipment functions and research perspectives, and to provide an experimental system that can realize triaxial testing, direct shear testing and single-particle testing functions on the same experimental device, suitable for exploring the multi-scale mechanical properties of geotechnical granular materials in high-speed transportation.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials includes a vertical loading structure, a horizontal loading structure, a triaxial pressure chamber, a reaction support frame for fixing the relative positions of the vertical and horizontal loading structures, and a horizontal base plate for supporting the system. The triaxial pressure chamber is equipped with replaceable triaxial specimen units and specimen shearing units. The specimen shearing unit includes stacked and connected upper and lower shear boxes. The vertical loading structure is used to apply vertical loading to the triaxial specimen units and shearing units, and to obtain the vertical displacement and vertical load of the specimens. The horizontal loading structure is used to apply horizontal loading to the specimen shearing unit, and to obtain the horizontal displacement of the specimens.

[0007] Preferably, the reaction support frame includes a horizontal support platform and a vertical reaction frame, a horizontal reaction frame, and a hydraulic telescopic rod located in the same plane;

[0008] The horizontal support platform is fixed to the horizontal base plate to support and fix the triaxial pressure chamber. One end of the horizontal reaction frame is fixed to the horizontal support platform, and the other end is fixed to the horizontal base plate. The horizontal loading structure is fixed to the right end of the horizontal reaction frame. The lower end of the vertical reaction frame is rotatably fixed to the horizontal support platform. The vertical loading structure is fixed to the upper end of the vertical reaction frame. One end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is rotatably fixed to the right end of the horizontal reaction frame, and the other end is rotatably connected to the upper end of the vertical reaction frame to adjust the angle of the vertical reaction frame.

[0009] Preferably, the triaxial pressure chamber includes a multifunctional test base, which is movably fixed on a horizontal support platform. The upper end of the multifunctional test base is provided with a positioning end, and the lower ends of the triaxial sample unit and the sample shearing unit are provided with positioning holes that cooperate with the positioning end. The multifunctional test base is driven to connect to a horizontal loading structure.

[0010] Preferably, the multifunctional test base is provided with a horizontal slide rail below, and the inner side of the slide rail is provided with a pulley groove that matches the shape of the multifunctional test base. The multifunctional test base moves along the pulley groove, and the direction of the pulley groove is the same as the loading direction of the horizontal loading structure.

[0011] Preferably, a horizontal loading top rod is provided between the horizontal loading structure and the multifunctional test base. One end of the horizontal loading top rod is driven and connected to the horizontal loading structure, and the other end is connected to the multifunctional test base, which is used to drive the multifunctional test base and the lower shear box to move along the pulley groove.

[0012] Preferably, the vertical loading structure includes a power unit, a vertical loading top rod, a pressure sensor, and a vertical displacement sensor. The power unit drives and connects to the vertical loading top rod. The pressure sensor and the vertical displacement sensor are fixed at the front end of the vertical loading top rod. The vertical loading top rod is located directly above the triaxial sample unit or the sample shearing unit.

[0013] Preferably, the triaxial pressure chamber further includes a guide frame and a guide block. The guide frame is vertically fixed on the multifunctional test base. The guide frame is provided with a vertical guide hole that cooperates with the guide block. The guide block is slidably disposed in the guide hole. One end of the guide block is connected to a vertical loading rod, and the other end is connected to a pressure sensor and a vertical displacement sensor.

[0014] Preferably, the guide frame includes a guide column and a guide plate that are perpendicularly connected to each other. The lower end of the guide column is vertically fixed on the multifunctional test base, and the guide plate is slidably fixed on the upper end of the guide column. The guide plate is adjustablely fixed on the upper end of the guide column by bolts, and the guide hole is provided on the guide plate.

[0015] Preferably, the system further includes a control module, which is connected to the vertical loading structure and the horizontal loading structure, and is used to control the loading frequency or loading mode of the vertical loading structure and the horizontal loading structure, wherein the loading frequency of the vertical loading structure is less than or equal to 50 Hz.

[0016] Preferably, the horizontal base plate is provided with lifting rings, and there are multiple lifting rings, each of which is symmetrically arranged at the four ends of the horizontal base plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] (1) This scheme achieves triaxial experimental function by using a vertical loading structure in conjunction with a triaxial sample unit for loading detection; the sample is placed in a shear box or a single-particle sample is placed in an upper and lower shear box, and then loaded with vertical and horizontal loading structures for loading detection, thus achieving both shear and single-particle experimental functions. The system has a wide range of applications and can analyze the sample from multiple angles. Based on the real-time acquired data, the analysis results are more accurate, and the switching between various functions is simple and convenient.

[0019] (2) In this scheme, a guide frame and a corresponding guide block are set above the multifunctional test base. The guide block is located directly above the multifunctional test base. The vertical loading structure drives the guide block to perform vertical loading on the triaxial sample unit and the sample shear unit. Through the cooperation of the guide frame and the guide block, the stability of the vertical loading structure and the accuracy of the load direction are ensured.

[0020] (3) In this scheme, the vertical loading structure and the horizontal loading structure are controlled by the control module and driven by the hydraulic cylinder, so that the vertical loading structure can reach a maximum loading frequency of 50Hz and the horizontal loading structure can perform horizontal unidirectional loading, which solves the problem that the existing system is limited by the loading frequency, thus limiting the scope of research. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a front view of the triaxial testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the triaxial testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a front view of the device in the disassembled pressure chamber state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a front view of the direct shear test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the direct shear test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a front view of the multifunctional test platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a top view of the multifunctional test platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the multifunctional test platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the multifunctional test platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the single-particle clamping straight shear box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Vertical loading structure; 2. Vertical reaction frame height adjustment bolt; 3. Vertical reaction frame; 4. Guide block; 5. Guide rail frame; 6. Triaxial pressure chamber; 7. Triaxial sample unit top cover; 8. Pressure sensor; 9. Triaxial sample unit; 10. Hydraulic telescopic rod; 11. Steel base of triaxial pressure chamber; 12. Horizontal loading structure; 13. Horizontal support platform; 14. Horizontal reaction frame; 15. Horizontal displacement sensor; 16. Horizontal base plate; 17. Lifting ring; 18. Vertical loading top rod; 19. Vertical displacement sensor; 20. Permeable stone; 21. Triaxial sample; 22. Horizontal slide rail; 23. Multifunctional test platform; 24. Horizontal loading top rod; 25. Upper shear box; 26. Lower shear box; 27. Direct shear sample; 28. Pulley groove; 29. ​​Clamping material; 30. Granular material. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0034] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed during use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials, including a vertical loading structure 1, a horizontal loading structure 12, a triaxial pressure chamber 6, a reaction support frame for fixing the relative positions of the vertical loading structure 1 and the horizontal loading structure 12, and a horizontal base plate 1 for supporting the system; the triaxial pressure chamber 6 is equipped with a replaceable triaxial sample unit 9 and a sample shearing unit. The sample shearing unit includes an upper straight shear box 25 and a lower straight shear box 26 that are stacked and connected. The vertical loading structure 1 is used to apply vertical loading to the triaxial sample unit 9 and the shearing unit, and to obtain the vertical displacement and vertical load of the sample. The horizontal loading structure 12 is used to apply horizontal loading to the sample shearing unit, and to obtain the horizontal displacement of the sample.

[0040] Working principle: The sample is placed in the triaxial sample unit 9, and the triaxial sample unit 9 is placed in the triaxial pressure chamber 6. The vertical loading structure 1 applies vertical loading to the sample in the triaxial sample unit 9, and the triaxial test function is realized by acquiring the corresponding vertical load and vertical displacement of the sample. The sample is placed in the direct shear box 25, and the sample shearing unit is placed in the triaxial pressure chamber 6. The vertical loading structure 1 applies vertical loading to the shearing unit, and the corresponding vertical load and vertical displacement of the sample are acquired. At the same time, the horizontal loading structure 12 applies horizontal loading to the sample shearing unit, and the corresponding horizontal displacement of the shearing unit is acquired, thus realizing the direct shear test function. A single-particle sample is placed in the upper direct shear box 25 and the lower direct shear box 26, and the steps of the direct shear test are repeated to realize the single-particle test function.

[0041] This scheme utilizes a vertical loading structure 1 in conjunction with a triaxial sample unit 9 to perform loading detection, achieving triaxial experimental functionality. The sample is placed inside a shear box 25, or a single-particle sample is placed inside the upper shear box 25 and lower shear box 26, and then loaded using the vertical loading structure 1 and horizontal loading structure 12 to perform loading detection, thus achieving both shear and single-particle experimental functions. The system has a wide range of applications and can analyze samples from multiple angles, ensuring the accuracy of experimental results based on real-time data acquisition.

[0042] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the reaction support frame includes a horizontal support platform 13 and a vertical reaction frame 3, a horizontal reaction frame 14, and a hydraulic telescopic rod 10 located in the same plane;

[0043] The horizontal support platform 13 is fixed on the horizontal base plate 16 to support and fix the triaxial pressure chamber 6. One end of the horizontal reaction frame 14 is fixed on the horizontal support platform 13 and the other end is fixed on the horizontal base plate 16. The horizontal loading structure 12 is fixed on the right end of the horizontal reaction frame 14. The lower end of the vertical reaction frame 3 is rotatably fixed on the horizontal support platform 13. The vertical loading structure is fixed on the upper end of the vertical reaction frame 3. One end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 10 is rotatably fixed on the right end of the horizontal reaction frame 14 and the other end is rotatably connected to the upper end of the vertical reaction frame 3 to adjust the angle of the vertical reaction frame 3.

[0044] The vertical reaction frame 3 and horizontal reaction frame 14 of the device are connected by a hydraulic telescopic rod 10. The lower end of the vertical reaction frame 3 is rotatably hinged to the base, allowing for rapid disassembly of the triaxial pressure chamber 6 during triaxial testing, thus avoiding disturbance to the sample during pressure chamber installation. Specifically, the installation process involves retracting the hydraulic telescopic rod 10 to reduce the angle between the vertical reaction frame 3 and the horizontal reaction frame 14, causing the vertical loading structure 1 to deviate from directly above the triaxial pressure chamber 6. This facilitates the installation or replacement of the triaxial sample unit 9 or the sample shearing unit, improving the ease of use and testing efficiency of the device.

[0045] As a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 2 ,as well as Figures 5 to 9 As shown, the triaxial pressure chamber 6 includes a multifunctional test base 23, which is movably fixed on the horizontal support platform 13. The upper end of the multifunctional test base 23 is provided with a positioning end, and the lower ends of the triaxial sample unit 9 and the sample shearing unit are provided with positioning holes that cooperate with the positioning end. The multifunctional test base 23 is driven to connect to the horizontal loading structure 12.

[0046] Furthermore, a horizontal slide rail 22 is provided below the multifunctional test base 23, and a pulley groove 28 that matches the shape of the multifunctional test base 23 is provided on the inner side of the slide rail. The multifunctional test base 23 moves along the pulley groove 28, and the direction of the pulley groove 28 is the same as the loading direction of the horizontal loading structure 12.

[0047] To broaden the applicability of the system to the measured items, the length of the upper end of the vertical reaction frame 3 is adjustable, i.e., the height of the vertical loading structure 1 is adjusted. In this embodiment, the fixing rod used to fix the vertical loading structure 1 is connected to the vertical reaction frame 3 by the vertical reaction frame height adjusting bolt 2. The relative height between the fixing rod and the vertical reaction frame 3 is adjusted by the vertical reaction frame height adjusting bolt, thereby realizing the height adjustment of the vertical loading structure 3.

[0048] The triaxial sample unit 9 and the sample shearing unit are positioned by the positioning end set on the multifunctional test base 23. When the horizontal loading structure is applied to the multifunctional test base 2, it can drive the lower shearing box 26 to move through the mutually cooperating horizontal slide rail 22 and pulley groove 28, so as to realize the horizontal shearing of the sample in the shearing box. The structure is simple and the position movement is highly accurate.

[0049] Specifically, a horizontal loading rod 24 is provided between the horizontal loading structure 12 and the multifunctional test base 23. One end of the horizontal loading rod 24 is connected to the horizontal loading structure 12, and the other end is connected to the multifunctional test base 23, which is used to drive the multifunctional test base 23 and the lower shear box 26 to move along the pulley groove 28. Moreover, the triaxial sample chamber 9 on the multifunctional test base 23 is provided with a triaxial sample unit top cover 7. The vertical loading rod 18 realizes the vertical loading of the triaxial sample 21 in the triaxial sample chamber 9 by connecting the vertical loading structure 1 and the triaxial sample unit top cover 7. Furthermore, a permeable stone is provided above the triaxial sample 21 in the triaxial sample chamber 9 to ensure that the vertical loading structure 1 can load the triaxial sample 21.

[0050] The vertical loading structure 1 includes a power unit, a vertical loading top rod 18, a pressure sensor 8, and a vertical displacement sensor 19. The power unit drives and connects to the vertical loading top rod 18. The pressure sensor 8 and the vertical displacement sensor 19 are fixed at the front end of the vertical loading top rod 18. The vertical loading top rod 18 is located directly above the triaxial sample unit 9 or the sample shearing unit.

[0051] The triaxial pressure chamber 6 also includes a guide frame 5 and a guide block 4. The guide frame 5 is vertically fixed on the multifunctional test base 23. The guide frame 5 is provided with a vertical guide hole that cooperates with the guide block 4. The guide block 4 is slidably disposed in the guide hole. One end of the guide block 4 is connected to the vertical loading rod 18, and the other end is connected to the pressure sensor 8 and the vertical displacement sensor 19.

[0052] In this embodiment, the triaxial pressure chamber 6 also includes an plexiglass cover, a top plate disposed at the upper end of the plexiglass cover, and a triaxial pressure chamber steel base 11 disposed at the lower end. The top plate of the pressure chamber is provided with a loading hole, and a loading pad is disposed in the loading hole. The triaxial pressure chamber steel base 11 is provided with a horizontal loading hole, and a loading pad is disposed in the loading hole.

[0053] By setting a guide frame and corresponding guide block above the multifunctional test base, with the guide block located directly above the multifunctional test base, the vertical loading structure drives the guide block to apply vertical loading to the triaxial specimen unit and specimen shear unit. Through the cooperation of the guide frame and guide block, the stability of the vertical loading structure and the accuracy of the load direction are ensured.

[0054] Specifically, the guide frame 5 includes a guide column and a guide plate that are perpendicularly connected to each other. The lower end of the guide column is vertically fixed to the multifunctional test base 23, and the guide plate is slidably fixed to the upper end of the guide column. The guide plate is adjustablely fixed to the upper end of the guide column by bolts, and guide holes are provided on the guide plate. The height of the guide plate on the guide column is adjusted by bolts to adapt to the size of the experimental unit inside the triaxial pressure chamber 6.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a control module connected to the vertical loading structure 1 and the horizontal loading structure 12, used to control the loading frequency or loading method of the vertical loading structure 1 and the horizontal loading structure 12, wherein the loading frequency of the vertical loading structure 1 is less than or equal to 50 Hz.

[0056] By controlling the vertical and horizontal loading structures through a control module and using hydraulic cylinders, the vertical loading structure can reach a maximum loading frequency of 50Hz, and the horizontal loading structure can perform unidirectional horizontal loading. This solves the problem that the existing system is limited by the loading frequency, which restricts the scope of research.

[0057] Specifically, the horizontal base plate 1 is equipped with multiple lifting rings 17, which are symmetrically arranged at the four ends of the horizontal base plate 1. The entire system is suspended and leveled using the lifting rings 17 before the experiment is conducted. Compared to leveling the system by placing it on the ground, this method is more convenient, faster, and more accurate.

[0058] In conjunction with the preferred embodiments described above, this embodiment also provides a multi-functional implementation process, specifically as follows:

[0059] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, when using the triaxial test function, retract the vertical loading top rod 18 and the hydraulic telescopic rod 10, rotate the vertical reaction frame 3, raise the triaxial pressure chamber 6 and the guide block 4, adjust the vertical loading frame 5, install the triaxial sample chamber 9 on the multi-functional test base 23, place the triaxial sample 21 in the triaxial sample chamber 9, adjust the vertical loading frame 5, lower the guide block 4 and the triaxial pressure chamber 6, and adjust the position of the vertical reaction frame 3 to complete the sample loading.

[0060] The test parameters are then set in the computer, and the sample is loaded using the vertical loading device 1. The maximum loading frequency can reach 50Hz. During the loading process, the pressure sensor 8 and the vertical displacement sensor 19 monitor the output data and feed it back to the computer for recording. Loading is stopped when the axial displacement or axial stress of the sample reaches the preset maximum range. After loading is completed, the sample is removed, and the test is finished.

[0061] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, when using the direct shear test function, the vertical loading top rod 18 and hydraulic telescopic rod 10 are retracted, the vertical reaction frame 3 is rotated, the triaxial pressure chamber 6 is removed, the guide block 4 is raised, and the vertical loading frame 5 is adjusted. The lower direct shear box 26 and the upper direct shear box 25 are then installed sequentially on the multi-functional test base 23. The direct shear sample 27 is placed inside the upper direct shear box 25. The vertical loading frame 5 and guide block 4 are adjusted to ensure that the pressure sensor 8 is close to the upper shear box 25, avoiding excessive bending moment in the vertical loading top rod 18 during high-frequency vertical loading, which could lead to test errors. Subsequently, test parameters are set in the computer, and the sample is vertically loaded using the vertical loading device 1, with a maximum loading frequency of 50Hz. The sample is horizontally sheared using the horizontal loading structure 12. During loading, the pressure sensor 8, vertical displacement sensor 19, and horizontal displacement sensor 15 monitor and feed back the output data to the computer for recording. Loading stops when the axial displacement or axial stress of the sample reaches the preset maximum range. After loading, the sample is removed, completing the test.

[0062] like Figure 10As shown, when using the single-particle test function, the vertical loading top rod 18 and hydraulic telescopic rod 10 are retracted, the vertical reaction frame 3 is rotated, the triaxial pressure chamber 6 is removed, the guide block 4 is raised, and the vertical loading frame 5 is adjusted. The single particle material 30 is clamped in the upper shear box 25 and the lower shear box 26 respectively, and fixed by clamping material 29. The shear box is then installed on the multi-functional test base 23. The vertical loading frame 5 and guide block 4 are adjusted to ensure that the force sensor 8 is close to the upper shear box, avoiding excessive bending moment in the vertical loading top rod 18 during high-frequency vertical loading, which could lead to test errors. Subsequently, test parameters are set in the computer, and the sample is vertically loaded using the vertical loading device 1, with a maximum loading frequency of 50Hz. The sample is horizontally sheared using the horizontal loading device 12. During loading, the force sensor 8, vertical displacement sensor 19, and horizontal displacement sensor 15 monitor and feed back the output data to the computer for recording. Loading stops when the axial displacement or axial stress of the sample reaches the preset maximum range. After loading, the sample is removed, completing the test.

[0063] In summary, this system is equipped with a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device, and a multi-functional test platform on the base plate. Through the specially designed triaxial test chamber and single-particle clamping shear box that are matched with the multi-functional test platform, and by adjusting the height adjustment bolts of the vertical reaction frame, it can realize the triaxial test function, direct shear test function, and single-particle test function of soil and rock granular materials.

[0064] Both the vertical and horizontal loading devices of this device are computer-controlled, enabling high-frequency vertical loading up to 50Hz and unidirectional horizontal loading.

[0065] The vertical and horizontal reaction frames of the device are connected by a telescopic hydraulic rod. The bottom of the vertical reaction frame is connected to the base plate by a rotatable hinge, which allows for quick disassembly of the pressure chamber during triaxial testing and avoids disturbance to the sample during the installation of the pressure chamber.

[0066] The horizontal loading device is laterally connected to the multi-functional test platform via a loading top rod. The test platform is locked to the lower straight shear box. The bottom of the test platform is equipped with a horizontal sliding rail, which allows for horizontal movement of the test platform and the lower straight shear box. The upper straight shear box is connected to the vertical loading device via a vertical loading top rod, which enables vertical high-frequency vibration of the sample inside the straight shear box.

[0067] In addition, single-particle soil and rock materials can be clamped in the upper and lower shear boxes respectively. By inputting loading parameters into the vertical and horizontal loading devices via computer, single-particle vibration friction tests can be achieved.

[0068] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials, characterized in that, The system includes a vertical loading structure (1), a horizontal loading structure (12), a triaxial pressure chamber (6), a reaction support frame for fixing the relative positions of the vertical loading structure (1) and the horizontal loading structure (12), and a horizontal base plate (16) for supporting the system. The triaxial pressure chamber (6) is equipped with a replaceable triaxial sample unit (9) and a sample shearing unit. The sample shearing unit includes a stacked and connected upper straight shear box (25) and a lower straight shear box (26). The vertical loading structure (1) is used to apply vertical loading to the triaxial sample unit (9) and the shearing unit, and to obtain the vertical displacement and vertical load of the sample. The horizontal loading structure (12) is used to apply horizontal loading to the sample shearing unit, and to obtain the horizontal displacement of the sample. The reaction support frame includes a horizontal support platform (13), a vertical reaction frame (3), a horizontal reaction frame (14), and a hydraulic telescopic rod (10) located in the same plane. The horizontal support platform (13) is fixed on the horizontal base plate (16) to support and fix the triaxial pressure chamber (6). One end of the horizontal reaction frame (14) is fixed on the horizontal support platform (13) and the other end is fixed on the horizontal base plate (16). The horizontal loading structure (12) is fixed on the right end of the horizontal reaction frame (14). The lower end of the vertical reaction frame (3) is rotatably fixed on the horizontal support platform (13). The vertical loading structure is fixed on the upper end of the vertical reaction frame (3). One end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (10) is rotatably fixed on the right end of the horizontal reaction frame (14) and the other end is rotatably connected to the upper end of the vertical reaction frame (3) to adjust the angle of the vertical reaction frame (3). The triaxial pressure chamber (6) includes a multifunctional test base (23), which is movably fixed on a horizontal support (13). The upper end of the multifunctional test base (23) is provided with a positioning end, and the lower ends of the triaxial sample unit (9) and the sample shearing unit are provided with positioning holes that cooperate with the positioning end. The multifunctional test base (23) drives and connects to the horizontal loading structure (12).

2. The multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multifunctional test base (23) is provided with a horizontal slide rail (22) below it. The inner side of the slide rail is provided with a pulley groove (28) that matches the shape of the multifunctional test base (23). The multifunctional test base (23) moves along the pulley groove (28). The direction of the pulley groove (28) is the same as the loading direction of the horizontal loading structure (12).

3. The multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, A horizontal loading rod (24) is provided between the horizontal loading structure (12) and the multi-functional test base (23). One end of the horizontal loading rod (24) is connected to the horizontal loading structure (12), and the other end is connected to the multi-functional test base (23), which is used to drive the multi-functional test base (23) and the lower shear box (26) to move along the pulley groove (28).

4. The multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical loading structure (1) includes a power unit, a vertical loading top rod (18), a pressure sensor (8), and a vertical displacement sensor (19). The power unit drives and connects to the vertical loading top rod (18). The pressure sensor (8) and the vertical displacement sensor (19) are fixed at the front end of the vertical loading top rod (18). The vertical loading top rod (18) is located directly above the triaxial sample unit (9) or the sample shearing unit.

5. The multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The triaxial pressure chamber (6) also includes a guide frame (5) and a guide block (4). The guide frame (5) is vertically fixed on the multifunctional test base (23). The guide frame (5) is provided with a vertical guide hole that cooperates with the guide block (4). The guide block (4) is slidably disposed in the guide hole. One end of the guide block (4) is connected to a vertical loading rod (18), and the other end is connected to a pressure sensor (8) and a vertical displacement sensor (19).

6. The multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide frame (5) includes a guide column and a guide plate that are perpendicularly connected to each other. The lower end of the guide column is vertically fixed on the multifunctional test base (23). The guide plate is slidably fixed on the upper end of the guide column. The guide plate is adjustablely fixed on the upper end of the guide column by bolts. The guide hole is set on the upper part of the guide plate.

7. The multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a control module, which is connected to the vertical loading structure (1) and the horizontal loading structure (12) and is used to control the loading frequency or loading mode of the vertical loading structure (1) and the horizontal loading structure (12). The loading frequency of the vertical loading structure (1) is less than or equal to 50 Hz.

8. The multifunctional, multi-scale mechanical testing system for soil and rock granular materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal base plate (16) is provided with lifting rings (17), and there are multiple lifting rings (17), each of which is symmetrically arranged at the four ends of the horizontal base plate (16).

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