A solid biopesticide composition comprising elemental sulphur and azadirachtin

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solid biopesticide composition comprising: 60% w / w to 99% w / w elemental sulphur, 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w azadirachtin and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, wherein the microparticles of the composition are in the range of 0.1 microns to 60 microns, wherein the composition is in the form of water dispersible granules, broadcast granules, extruded granules, rolled granules and powders. The present invention relates to a process of preparation and also to a method of treating plants, crops, sites or soil against pests or diseases or controlling pesticide resistance or reducing pesticide residues by applying the solid biopesticide composition. The present invention also relates to a method of controlling pests and diseases by applying the solid biopesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof in a foliar manner at a dose of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha.

Description

1. Field of Invention

[0001] This invention relates to a solid biopesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur and azadirachtin. The invention relates to a solid biopesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur, azadirachtin, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. Particularly, this invention relates to a solid biopesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition, azadirachtin in the range of 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, wherein the composition is in the form of water-dispersible granules, broadcast granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, and powders. Furthermore, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size ranging from 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers.

[0002] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a solid biopesticide composition comprising 60% w / w to 99% w / w of elemental sulfur, 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of azadirachtin, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, wherein the composition is in the form of water-dispersible granules, broadcast granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, and powders.

[0003] The present invention also relates to a method of treating plants, crops, sites or soil by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to resist pests or diseases or control pesticide resistance or reduce pesticide residues.

[0004] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, a method for controlling pests and diseases is provided, wherein the composition is effective against piercing-sucking pests, powdery mildew, and mites. 2. Background of the Invention

[0006] In describing embodiments of the invention, specific terms have been chosen for clarity. However, the invention is not limited to these specific terms, and it should be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to achieve a similar purpose.

[0007] Elemental sulfur is not only known as a plant nutrient but has also long been recognized as a pesticide. Sulfur is an essential element for all living organisms, possessing multiple functions. Sulfur deficiency affects plant growth, development, disease resistance, and plant performance, significantly impacting the nutritional quality of crops. Sulfur is available in various formulations, such as suspension concentrates, granules, pellets, and powders, for use as fertilizers or pesticides to control powdery mildew and mites.

[0008] The extensive use of various synthetic pesticide active ingredients and fertilizers, such as urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate, is one of the main causes of widespread damage to soil and animal health. The misuse of these synthetic substances in soil and on leaves can also cause a variety of health-related diseases. Due to increased awareness and stricter regulatory standards, there is a need to identify crop solutions that not only reduce crop phytotoxicity and provide broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of pests, but are also effective and suitable for integrated pest management to avoid the negative impacts of synthetic chemicals on agriculture. However, the biological properties of known compounds are not entirely satisfactory in terms of effective pest control, addressing environmental problems, and reducing worker exposure. For example, pathogens have been observed to develop pesticide resistance, sometimes requiring higher doses of pesticides to achieve the desired control, leading to pesticide residues, soil toxicity, and other environmental hazards at a high cost.

[0009] Biopesticides and biofertilizers pose less threat to the environment and human health, and are therefore being promoted as an effective mode of crop management and pest control. Biopesticides have many advantages, including high specificity for target pests, no adverse effects on non-target beneficial organisms or humans, no development of pest resistance, and no environmental residues. Therefore, the use of biopesticides to treat pathogenic pests is becoming increasingly important. With growing awareness of health and ecological balance, the use of natural plant products is receiving increasing attention as a promising alternative to chemicals in biopesticide pest control.

[0010] Plant products, particularly azadirachtin and its derivatives, have been reported to possess insecticidal, fungicidal, and bactericidal properties. Among these derivatives, azadirachtin (a tetra-n-triterpenoid compound) has been found to be the most effective and possesses pesticide properties, causing feeding inhibition and growth disruption in various insect and pest populations. While highly effective, it is also highly unstable and degrades rapidly in the presence of high temperatures, water, light, and alkaline or strongly acidic media.

[0011] Azadirachtin is relatively stable in its crystalline form when stored in the dark. At room temperature, its laboratory half-life in weakly acidic solutions (pH 4-6) is 50-100 days, but it undergoes rapid decomposition (hydrolysis, isomerization, and / or rearrangement) at higher temperatures, in alkaline and strongly acidic media, and especially under light (Barrek et al., 2004; Ermel et al., 1987; Jarvis et al., 1998; Sundaram et al., 1995; Szeto and Wan, 1996). As demonstrated in a recent experiment, the degradation of limonene in individual commercial formulations varies in the field, with azadirachtin, azadirachtin B, and azadirachtin salanin having half-lives of approximately 17, 23, and <1 hour, respectively, on strawberries (Caboni et al., 2006).

[0012] Due to its biological properties and effectiveness against certain pests, azadirachtin is used for crop protection and is available in various formulations, such as powders, granules, pellets, and liquid formulations, such as emulsifiable concentrates, solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. While farmers desire to use safe biopesticides like azadirachtin, its commercial use is limited by the compound's instability.

[0013] CN1391806 discloses a water-based seed coating composition containing azadirachtin and sulfur. The seed coating composition is prepared by mixing the active substance with a surfactant, wherein the mixture is pulverized and a slurry is prepared. The resulting slurry is further mixed with a thickener and distilled water to obtain the composition. However, such liquid compositions carry a large amount of water as a carrier and are not feasible for transportation. Moreover, azadirachtin is unstable in the presence of water, and this liquid composition degrades during accelerated storage. This results in a significant reduction in formulation efficiency, affecting the delivery of the active substance to the crop.

[0014] (https: / / europepmc.org / article / cba / 599090)

[0015] There are no known effective solid formulations of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin that demonstrate a synergistic effect between these two active substances. Furthermore, no stable compositions of sulfur and azadirachtin in solid formulations have been disclosed that can be effectively used against a wide range of pests, thereby eliminating the need for lower doses of synthetic pesticides and overcoming the limitations observed in conventional biopesticide compositions.

[0016] Surprisingly, the inventors of this invention have successfully formulated a stable solid composition of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin, while overcoming the inherent stability problems associated with azadirachtin and its ineffectiveness due to rapid degradation. The inventors observed that the compositions of this invention, comprising elemental sulfur, azadirachtin, and agricultural chemical excipients, help reduce azadirachtin degradation by adjusting the pH of the composition, thereby maintaining the stability of azadirachtin in the formulation. Elemental sulfur, as the active ingredient in the compositions of this invention, is not only an essential nutrient for crops but also possesses pesticide properties, which help enhance the overall efficacy of azadirachtin-containing compositions in pest control and improve crop characteristics, such as crop yield and quality.

[0017] Furthermore, piercing-sucking pests are a major problem in agriculture, requiring stringent integrated crop protection measures to control the damage they cause. Neonicotinic pesticides such as imidacloprid and thiamethoxam are often used to control pests like jasmine, thrips, whiteflies, and aphids; these are reportedly endocrine disruptors with significant negative environmental impacts, including on human and animal health. Farmers' repeated application of these pesticides to control piercing-sucking pest populations further contributes to pesticide resistance, resulting in residue problems at the final harvest. In terms of safe crop protection measures, there are limited options for addressing piercing-sucking pests—measures that leave no residues, do not harm the health of beneficial organisms, and do not pose a risk to human health and well-being.

[0018] The inventors of this invention have not only successfully formulated a stable synergistic composition of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin, overcoming the problems associated with liquid compositions known in the art, but also successfully controlled potent piercing-sucking pests such as jasmine, aphids, whiteflies, and thrips. This is a safer method compared to traditional synthetic neonicotinoid pesticides. Furthermore, the inventors have successfully formulated it into a suitable delivery form.

[0019] Surprisingly, it was also found that when the composition is formulated into a solid dosage form and the particle size of the composition ranges from 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers, the composition of the present invention can effectively treat a variety of pests.

[0020] Furthermore, and most interestingly, the inventors have surprisingly determined that, when applied as a foliar spray at a defined dosage rate, the compositions of the present invention can avoid or replace synthetic crop protection sprays, minimizing pesticide residues and contributing to the control of pesticide resistance. In particular, in areas where available synthetic crop protection measures are limited, the management of pesticide resistance is even more crucial due to repeated pesticide application. The compositions of the present invention provide an effective option and solution for integrated pest management and create the possibility of reducing the number of chemical sprays.

[0021] Furthermore, the inventors of this invention have discovered that compositions comprising elemental sulfur and azadirachtin, provided in solid dosage forms such as granules or powders within specific concentration ranges, wherein the particle size of the composition is in the range of 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers, exhibit better physical properties, such as suspension and dispersibility, not only at room temperature but also under accelerated storage conditions. Compositions formulated with a particle size range of 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers also possess the desired suspension, which minimizes sample agglomeration and improves ease of application to crops, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the composition.

[0022] Therefore, the inventors of this invention have developed a stable biopesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition, azadirachtin in the range of 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The composition is in the form of water-dispersible granules, broadcast granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, and powders. The particle size of the composition ranges from 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers, exhibiting synergistic effects and superior efficacy. The composition of this invention also exhibits excellent physical properties, such as suspension, dispersibility, and wettability, and demonstrates excellent performance under accelerated storage conditions. Furthermore, the composition exhibits enhanced field efficacy, providing better crop protection and increasing yield with reduced application dosage. 3. Overview of the Invention

[0024] This invention relates to a solid biological pesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur, azadirachtin, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0025] More specifically, the present invention relates to solid biopesticide compositions comprising 60% w / w to 99% w / w elemental sulfur of the total composition, 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w azadirachtin of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, wherein the composition is in the form of water-dispersible granules, broadcast granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, and powders. The composition comprises particles with a size ranging from 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers.

[0026] The biopesticide composition is in the form of a powder or granules. The term "pesticide composition" includes spheroidized granules, extruded granules, broadcast granules, water-dispersible granules, or powders.

[0027] According to another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a solid biopesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition, in the range of 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0028] According to another embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting crops or improving their health or yield by treating at least one of plants, crops or surrounding soil with a solid biological pesticide composition.

[0029] The present invention also relates to a method of treating plants, crops, sites or soil by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to resist pests or diseases or control pesticide resistance or reduce pesticide residues.

[0030] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, a method for controlling pests and diseases is provided, wherein the composition is effective against piercing-sucking pests, powdery mildew, and mites. 4. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0032] In describing embodiments of the invention, specific terminology has been chosen for clarity. However, the invention is not limited to these specific terms, and it should be understood that these specific terms encompass all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner to achieve similar purposes. It should be understood that any numerical ranges referenced herein are intended to include all subranges contained herein. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, percentages of components in the composition are expressed as weight percentages.

[0033] The term “a” or “an” as used herein is defined as one or more. Similarly, the terms “comprising” and / or “having” as used herein are defined as including (i.e., open language).

[0034] Granules mainly refer to water-dispersible granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, or broadcast granules.

[0035] Water-dispersible granules are defined as formulations that rapidly disperse or dissolve when added to water to obtain a fine particulate suspension. As described herein, “WG” or “WDG” refers to water-dispersible granules. Water-dispersible granules are formulated into small, easily measurable granules (aggregates of fine particles) by mixing and aggregating milled solid active ingredients with surfactants and other formulation components. These components disperse into even finer / primary granules upon immersion in water.

[0036] Water-dispersible granules are obtained through spray drying or extrusion processes.

[0037] As defined in this article, powder refers to wettable powder and spray powder.

[0038] As defined herein, WP refers to wettable powder, which can be a powder formulation that is dispersed in water and applied as a suspension.

[0039] As stated in this article, "GR" refers to extruded granules, rounded granules, or spread granules.

[0040] As defined in this article, the unit kilogram per hectare also refers to Kg / ha.

[0041] This invention relates to a solid biopesticide composition comprising 60% w / w to 99% w / w of elemental sulfur in the total composition, 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of azadirachtin in the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

[0042] The present invention also relates to a solid biopesticide composition comprising elemental sulfur in the range of 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition, azadirachtin in the range of 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, wherein the composition is in the form of water-dispersible granules, broadcast granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, and powders.

[0043] According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in the range of 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in the range of 60% w / w to 95% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in the range of 60% w / w to 90% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in the range of 60% w / w to 80% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, elemental sulfur is present in the range of 60% w / w to 70% w / w of the total composition.

[0044] According to one embodiment, azadirachtin is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of the total weight of the composition. According to one embodiment, azadirachtin is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 15% w / w of the total weight of the composition. According to one embodiment, azadirachtin is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 10% w / w of the total weight of the composition. According to one embodiment, azadirachtin is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 5% w / w of the total weight of the composition. According to one embodiment, azadirachtin is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 3% w / w of the total weight of the composition. According to one embodiment, azadirachtin is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 2% w / w of the total weight of the composition. According to one embodiment, azadirachtin is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 1% w / w of the total weight of the composition. Azadirachtin is commercially produced, extracted, and available from various commercial suppliers in India and abroad.

[0045] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition is in the form of granules or powder. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition in powder form includes wettable powders and spray powders. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition in granule form includes spheroidized granules, extruded granules, broadcast granules, and water-dispersible granules.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition is preferably in the form of water-dispersible granules, wettable powders, broadcast granules, extruded granules, or spheroidized granules.

[0047] According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers. According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 50 micrometers. According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 40 micrometers. According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 30 micrometers. According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 25 micrometers. According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 20 micrometers. According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 15 micrometers. According to further embodiments, the biopesticide composition comprises composition particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 10 micrometers.

[0048] It has been observed that biopesticide compositions containing particles ranging in size from 0.1 to 60 micrometers exhibit desirable suspension properties, minimizing sample clumping and thus improving ease of application to crops, leading to enhanced composition efficacy. Furthermore, the improved suspension properties of the compositions due to their particle size provide better foliar coverage when applied as foliar surfactants, which in turn increases the availability of foliar surfactants and enhances protection of plants against pests. Additionally, the smaller particles increase surface area, allowing for better absorption when delivered to the plant rhizosphere.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the granules of the biopesticide composition of the present invention are in the size range of 0.05 to 6 mm, preferably in the size range of 0.05 to 5 mm, more preferably in the size range of 0.05 to 4 mm, preferably in the size range of 0.05 to 3 mm, and more preferably in the size range of 0.05 to 2.5 mm.

[0050] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition of the present invention is in the form of rolled granules, extruded granules, or broadcast granules; wherein the size of the granules ranges from 0.05 to 6 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 4 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 3 mm, and preferably from 0.05 to 2.5 mm.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition of the present invention is in the form of water-dispersible granules, wherein the size of the granules ranges from 0.05 to 2.5 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0 mm. Alternatively, the size ranges from 0.05 to 1.5 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 1 mm, and more preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 mm.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the granules are dispersed into particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers, preferably particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 30 micrometers, and more preferably particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 20 micrometers.

[0053] Surprisingly, the biopesticide compositions of the present invention have enhanced and improved physical properties of dispersibility, suspension, and wettability, providing ease of handling and reducing material loss during product handling at packaging and field application. The compositions of the present invention are stable under accelerated storage conditions.

[0054] Suspension density is defined as the amount of active ingredient remaining suspended in a liquid column of a specified height after a given time, expressed as a percentage of the amount of active ingredient in the original suspension. The suspension density of a concentrated suspension is determined according to CIPAC MT-161 by preparing 250 mL of diluted suspension, placing it in a graduated cylinder under specified conditions, and then removing the first nine-tenths. The remaining one-tenth is then subjected to chemical, gravimetric, or solvent extraction analysis, and the suspension density is calculated.

[0055] According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the biopesticide composition is at least 30%. According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the composition is at least 40%. According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the composition is at least 50%. According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the composition is at least 60%. According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the composition is at least 70%. According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the composition is at least 80%. According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the composition is at least 90%. According to one embodiment, the suspension degree of the composition is at least 95%.

[0056] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits excellent stability in terms of suspension under accelerated storage conditions (ATS). According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 90% suspension under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 80% suspension under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 60% suspension under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 50% suspension under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 30% suspension under ATS.

[0057] The dispersibility of a biopesticide composition is a measure of the percentage of dispersion. Dispersibility is calculated using the minimum percentage of dispersion. Dispersibility is defined as the ability of granules to disperse when added to a liquid such as water or a solvent. The dispersibility of the granular composition of this application was determined according to the standard CIPAC test MT174. A known amount of the granular composition was added to a specified volume of water and mixed by stirring to form a suspension. After standing for a period of time, the first nine-tenths were removed, the remaining one-tenth was dried, and a gravimetric analysis was performed. This method is essentially a suspension shortening test and is suitable for determining the ease with which a granular composition can be uniformly dispersed in water.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits almost instantaneous dispersion.

[0059] According to another embodiment, the biopesticide composition allows the activator to be used immediately and also for a longer period of time that can be extended throughout the entire crop cycle, providing immediate and sustained release of the activator, ultimately enhancing and protecting the crop at every stage of the crop cycle.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 30%. According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 40%. According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 50%. According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 60%. According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 70%. According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 80%. According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 90%. According to one embodiment, the dispersibility of the biopesticide composition is at least 95%.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 90% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 80% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 60% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 40% dispersibility under ATS. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition exhibits at least 30% dispersibility under ATS.

[0062] Wettability is a condition or state of wettability, defined as the degree to which a solid is wetted by a liquid, and is measured by the adhesive forces between the solid and liquid phases. The wettability of particulate compositions is measured using the standard CIPAC test MT-53, which describes the procedure for determining the complete wetting time of a wettable formulation. A weighed particulate composition is dropped dropwise from a specified height into water in a beaker, and the time to complete wetting is measured.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition in the form of water-dispersible granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, broadcast granules, or powder has a wetting time of less than 2 minutes. According to another embodiment, the biopesticide composition has a wetting time of less than 1 minute. According to yet another embodiment, the biopesticide composition has a wetting time of less than 30 seconds.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition of the present invention exhibits excellent stability to heat, light, temperature, and agglomeration. According to one embodiment, the composition exhibits stability for at least 3 years. According to a further embodiment, the composition exhibits stability for at least 2 years. According to a further embodiment, the composition exhibits stability for at least 1 year. According to a further embodiment, the composition exhibits stability for at least 6 months.

[0065] According to one embodiment, the azadirachtin content of the biopesticide composition of the present invention during accelerated storage is not less than 50% of the azadirachtin activity content obtainable at room temperature. According to one embodiment, the azadirachtin content of the biopesticide composition of the present invention after accelerated storage is not less than 75% of the azadirachtin activity content obtainable at room temperature. According to one embodiment, the azadirachtin content of the biopesticide composition of the present invention after accelerated storage is not less than 85% of the azadirachtin activity content obtainable at room temperature. According to one embodiment, the azadirachtin content of the biopesticide composition of the present invention after accelerated storage is not less than 95% of the azadirachtin activity content obtainable at room temperature.

[0066] According to further embodiments, the composition comprises at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, including one or more of the following: wetting agents, dispersants, polymeric dispersants, hydrophobic carriers or waterproofing agents, emulsifiers, binders or adhesives, fillers or carriers or diluents, disintegrants in adhesives, spreading agents, surfactants, buffers or pH adjusters or neutralizers, stabilizers, processing additives, chelating agents or complexing agents or multivalent chelating agents, anti-caking agents, agglomerating defoamers or defoaming agents, or mixtures thereof. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other excipients may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. These excipients are commercially produced and available from numerous companies.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the excipient is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the excipient is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the excipient is present in the range of 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of the total composition.

[0068] According to one embodiment, the surfactant used in the biopesticide composition includes one or more of emulsifiers, wetting agents, and dispersants. According to another embodiment, the surfactant used in the biopesticide composition includes one or more of anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, and polymeric surfactants.

[0069] The anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: fatty acid salts, benzoates, polycarboxylates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfates, alkyl diethylene glycol ether sulfates, alcohol sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, polystyrene sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl aryl phosphates, styryl aryl phosphates, docusate sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether sulfates, alkyl sarcosinates, sodium α-olefin sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate or its salts, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sulfosuccinate, polyacrylate, polyacrylate-free acid and sodium salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl salt ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl phosphate, sulfosuccinate-monoesters and other di-... Esters, phosphate esters, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates - isopropyl and butyl derivatives, alkyl ether sulfates - sodium and ammonium salts, alkyl aryl ether phosphates, ethylene oxide and its derivatives, salts of polyoxyethylene aryl ether phosphates, monoalkyl sulfosuccinates, aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonates, 2-acryloylamino-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, ammonium dodecyl sulfate, docusate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium myristate sulfate, sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, alkyl carboxylates, sodium stearate, α-olefin sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid fatty acid salts, sodium salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid condensates, fluorocarboxylates, fatty alcohol sulfates, sodium salts of alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid condensates, naphthalene sulfonic acid condensed with formaldehyde or alkyl naphthalene sulfonates condensed with formaldehyde; or their salts and derivatives.

[0070] The nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: polyol esters, polyol fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated esters, polyethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols, ethylene oxide (EO) / propylene oxide (PO) copolymers; EO and PO block copolymers, di- and tri-block copolymers; block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, poloxamer, polysorbates, alkyl polysaccharides such as alkyl polyglycosides, alkyl polyglucamides and their blends, amine ethoxylates, dehydrated sorbitol fatty acid esters, etc. Glycols and glycerides, glucoside alkyl ethers, sodium ethoxylated tallow amine, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol alkyl esters, sorbitol derivatives, sorbitol fatty acid esters (Spans) and their ethoxylated derivatives (Tweens), fatty acid sucrose esters, cocamidodiethanolamine (DEA), cocamidomonoethanolamine (MEA), decyl glucoside, decyl polydextrose, glyceryl monostearate, lauryl glucoside, maltodextrin, glyceryl monolaurate, narrow-range ethoxylated esters, ethylphenyl polyethylene glycol (Nonidet) P-40), nonylphenyl alcohol ether-9, nonylphenol series, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, N-octyl β-D-pyranothioglucoside, octyl glucoside, oleyl alcohol ethoxylate, PEG-10 sunflower glyceryl ester, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, polydextrose, poloxamer, poloxamer 407, polyethoxylated tallow amine, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polysorbate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sorbitan, sorbitol monolaurate. Sorbitol monostearate, sorbitol tristearate, stearyl ethoxylate, glyceryl laurylate, lauryl glucoside, nonylphenol polyethoxyethanol, nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether, castor oil ethoxylate, polyethylene glycol ether, addition polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block copolymers of polyalkylene glycol ethers and hydroxystearic acid, tributylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol, octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol, ethoxy-propoxylated tristyrene phenols, ethoxylated alcohols, poly Ethylene oxide sorbitol, fatty acid polyglycerol esters, fatty acid alcohol polyethylene glycol ethers, ethynyl glycol, ethynyl alcohol, olefin block polymers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene styrene aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid esters, alcohol ethoxylates - C6 to 06 / 18 alcohols (straight-chain and branched), alcohol alkoxylates - Various hydrophobic compounds and EO / PO content and ratios; fatty acid esters - monoesters and diesters; lauric acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid; glycerides - with or without EO; lauric acid, stearic acid, cocoa butter and tall oil derivatives, ethoxylated glycerol, sorbitan esters (with or without EO); lauric acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid groups; monomers and trimers; castor oil ethoxylates - 5 to 200 mol EO; non-hydrogenated and hydrogenated, block polymers, amine oxides - ethoxylated and non-ethoxylated;Alkyl dimethyl, fatty amine ethoxylates—cocoamine, tallowamine, stearamine, oleylamine, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil or polyoxypropylene fatty acid esters; salts or derivatives thereof.

[0071] Amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide, alkyl dimethyl betaine; C8 to C18 alkyl dipropionate-sodium lauryliminodipropionate, cocamidopropyl hydroxysulfonate, imidazoline, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, lauryl dimethylamine oxide, alkyl amphoteric acetate and propionate, alkyl amphoteric (di)acetate and dipropionate, and ethanolamine fatty amides; or their salts and derivatives.

[0072] Surfactants that can be commercially available under trademarks, but are not limited to one or more of the following: Atlas G5000, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, 118, X, OX-080 C 100, EL 200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239, Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS15, Promulgen TM D, Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etocas 200, Etocas 29, RokacetR26, Cetomacrogol 1000, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton N-101, Triton X-100, Tween 20, 40, 60, 65, 80, Span20, 40, 60, 80, 83, 85, 120, Atlox4912, Atlas G5000, TERMUL 3512, TERMUL 3015, TERMUL 5429, TERMUL 2510, T85, T20, TERIC 12A4, 118, X, OX-080 C 100, EL 200, Arlacel P135, Hypermer 8261, Hypermer B239, Hypermer B261, Hypermer B246sf, Solutol HS15, Promulgen TM D, Soprophor 7961P, Soprophor TSP / 461, Soprophor TSP / 724, Croduret 40, Etocas 200, Etocas 29, Rokacet R26, CHEMONIC OE-20, Triton TM N-101, IGEPAL CA-630, and Isoceteth-20.

[0073] However, those skilled in the art will understand that other conventionally known surfactants can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Surfactants are commercially manufactured and available from numerous companies.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% w / w of the total composition. According to another embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to a further embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the total composition.

[0075] According to one embodiment, the disintegrant used in a biopesticide composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more inorganic water-soluble salts and water-soluble organic compounds. The inorganic water-soluble salts are, for example, sodium chloride and nitrates; the water-soluble organic compounds are, for example, starch, modified starch, hydroxypropyl starch, carboxymethyl starch ether, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, cellulose powder, dextrin, methacrylate copolymers, etc. XL-10 (crosslinked poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), sulfonated styrene-isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, salts of polyacrylates of methacrylic acid, starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymers, or mixtures thereof, or salts or derivatives thereof. However, those skilled in the art will understand that different disintegrants may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. The disintegrants are commercially manufactured and available from several companies.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition. According to one embodiment, the disintegrant is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the composition.

[0077] According to one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent used in the biopesticide composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of modified starch, hydrophobically modified silica, hydrophobically modified bentonite, hydrophobically modified palygorskite, talc, metal stearates, and fluorinated silanes. However, those skilled in the art will understand that different hydrophobic agents can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. According to one embodiment, the hydrophobic agent is present at a concentration of 0.01% to 50% w / w of the total composition.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the binder for the biopesticide composition includes, but is not limited to, carbohydrates such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, complex organic substances, lignin sulfonates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, synthetic organic polymers or derivatives, and combinations thereof. However, those skilled in the art will understand that different binders can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. The binder is commercially manufactured and available from numerous companies.

[0079] According to a further embodiment, the adhesive is present in an amount of 0.1% to 30% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the adhesive is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the adhesive is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% w / w of the composition.

[0080] According to one embodiment, the carrier used in the biopesticide composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of solid carriers, fillers, or diluents. According to another embodiment, the carrier includes mineral carriers, plant carriers, synthetic carriers, and water-soluble carriers. However, those skilled in the art will understand that different carriers can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. These carriers are commercially manufactured and available from various companies.

[0081] Solid carriers include: natural minerals such as clay, acid clay, kaolinite such as kaolinite, dickite, pearl clay, and halloysite; serpentine such as chrysotile, lizardite, leaf serpentine, and magnesia; synthetic and diatomaceous earth silica; montmorillonite minerals such as sodium montmorillonite; montmorillonite such as saponite, lithium montmorillonite, zinc montmorillonite, and hydromontmorillonite; and mica such as pyrophyllite, talc, pyroxene, muscovite, and polysiliconized mica. Mother mineral, sericite, illite, quartz, such as magnesia, sepiolite, vermiculite, lithium saponite, pumice, bauxite, hydrated alumina, perlite, sodium bicarbonate, volcanic soil, vermiculite, limestone, natural and synthetic silicates, charcoal, silica, wet silica, dry silica, calcined products of wet silica, surface-modified silica, mica, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, and their derivatives; chalk Bleaching clay, loess, mirabilite, silica, quicklime, synthetic silica, starch, modified starch (Pineflow, manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), cellulose, plant carriers such as cellulose, rice husks, wheat flour, wood flour, starch, rice bran, wheat bran and soybean flour, sodium caseinate, sucrose, salt cake, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate or its derivatives or mixtures. Commercially available silicates include brands such as Aerosil and Sipemat. 50S and CALFLO E, as well as kaolin 1777. However, those skilled in the art will understand that different solid carriers can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Solid carriers are commercially manufactured and available from many companies.

[0082] According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 40% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 20% w / w of the composition. According to a further embodiment, the carrier is present in an amount of 0.1% to 15% w / w of the composition.

[0083] According to one embodiment, defoamers or defoaming agents for biopesticide compositions include, but are not limited to, one or more of silica, siloxanes, silica, polydimethylsiloxane, dimethyl silicone oil, dimethyl silicone oil, alkyl polyacrylate, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymer, polyethylene glycol, silicone oil, and magnesium stearate or derivatives thereof. Preferred defoamers include silicone oil emulsions (e.g., from Rhodia). SRE, Wacker or Defoamers may include long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, and fluorinated organic compounds. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other conventionally known defoamers can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. These defoamers are commercially produced and available from numerous companies.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the amount of defoamer present is from 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition.

[0085] According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster, buffer, or neutralizer used in the biopesticide composition comprises organic or inorganic acids and bases, and mixtures thereof. According to a further embodiment, the pH adjuster, buffer, or neutralizer includes, but is not limited to, one or more of organic acids, inorganic acids, and alkali metal compounds or their salts and derivatives. According to one embodiment, organic acids include, but are not limited to, citric acid, malic acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid or their salts and derivatives, and one or more mono-, di-, or ternary salts of these acids or their derivatives. Alkali metal compounds include, but are not limited to, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium bicarbonate, and alkali metal phosphates such as sodium phosphate, and mixtures thereof. According to one embodiment, inorganic acid salts include, but are not limited to, one or more of alkali metal salts, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. The mixture is also used to manufacture the pH adjuster, buffer, or neutralizer. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other conventionally known pH adjusters, buffers, or neutralizers can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. These pH adjusters, buffers, or neutralizers are commercially manufactured and available from numerous companies.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the pH adjuster or buffer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0087] According to one embodiment, spreading agents used in biopesticide compositions include, but are not limited to, copolymers of maleic acid and styrene-based siloxane surfactants, silwet, (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, half-esters or derivatives of polymers composed of polyols and dicarboxylic anhydrides, water-soluble salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, vegetable oils such as cottonseed, petroleum distillates, modified trisiloxanes, polyethylene glycol, polyethers, inclusion complexes, or salts. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other conventionally known spreading agents can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Spreading agents are commercially manufactured and available from numerous companies.

[0088] According to one embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to another embodiment, the spreading agent is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the total composition.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the adhesive used in the biopesticide composition includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: paraffin wax, polyamide resin, polyacrylate, polyoxyethylene, wax, polyvinyl alkyl ether, alkylphenol-formalin condensate, fatty acid, latex, polyvinylpyrrolidone, fatty alcohol, gums such as xanthan gum, galactosum, gum arabic, etc., vegetable oils such as cottonseed, petroleum fractions, modified trisiloxane, polyethylene glycol, polyether, inclusion complexes, synthetic resin emulsions, or their salts or derivatives. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other conventionally known adhesives can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. The adhesives are commercially manufactured and available from numerous companies.

[0090] According to one embodiment, the adhesive is present in an amount from 0.01% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to another embodiment, the adhesive is present in an amount from 0.01% to 15% w / w of the total composition.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the stabilizers used in the biopesticide composition include, but are not limited to, one or more of vitamin E and its derivatives, BHA, BHT, ascorbate palmitate, EDTA, alkyl glyoxylates such as ethyl glyoxylate, zeolites, antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, and phosphoric acid compounds. However, those skilled in the art will understand that other conventionally known stabilizers can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. These stabilizers are commercially produced and available from various companies.

[0092] According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 30% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 20% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 10% w / w of the total composition. According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 5% w / w of the total composition.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the stabilizer is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% w / w of the total composition.

[0094] According to embodiments, ultraviolet scattering agents, including but not limited to titanium dioxide, can be used. However, those skilled in the art will understand that different ultraviolet scattering agents or mixtures thereof can be used without departing from the scope of the invention. Such ultraviolet scattering agents are commercially manufactured and are available from various companies.

[0095] According to another embodiment, the biopesticide composition of the present invention does not contain synthetic pesticide active substances and fertilizers, such as urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, and other synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

[0096] According to one embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for preparing a solid biopesticide composition. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition is in the form of granules or powders. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition is in the form of wettable powder, spray powder, water-dispersible granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, or broadcast granules.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for preparing a biopesticide composition in wettable powder form. According to one embodiment, the biopesticide composition in wettable powder form involves mixing elemental sulfur and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient in a suitable mixer. The dry mixture is ground by an air jet mill or air classifier, and azadirachtin is added to the dry mixture to obtain a wettable powder. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the method for preparing the wettable powder can be modified without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0098] According to another embodiment, the biopesticide composition in the form of water-dispersible granules or spheroidized granules is prepared by various techniques, such as spray drying, fluidized bed granulation, disc granulation, needle agglomeration, spheroidization, freeze drying, etc. Granules are also obtained by extrusion using an extruder to obtain extruded granules.

[0099] According to one embodiment, a method for preparing a water-dispersible granular composition includes grinding a blend of elemental sulfur and at least an agricultural chemical excipient to obtain a slurry or wet mixture. Industrial azadirachtin is added to the slurry, and the elemental sulfur-azadirachtin mixture is mixed for approximately 5-10 minutes. The resulting wet mixture is then dried, for example in a spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, or any suitable granulation equipment, and subsequently sieved to remove excessively small and excessively large particles to obtain water-dispersible granules of the desired size (if desired). However, those skilled in the art will understand that this process can be modified without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0100] According to one embodiment, a method for preparing extruded granules includes mixing and grinding elemental sulfur and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient in a suitable mixer, such as a jet mill or air classifier. The ground material is then transferred to a sigma mixer and industrial azadirachtin is added to the ground material. The dry material formulation is granulated to prepare a wet material by adding an appropriate amount of water or granulation liquid. The wet material is extruded through a suitable extruder and dried in a suitable dryer, such as a rotary vacuum dryer, conveyor dryer, disc dryer, or fluidized bed dryer, to obtain extruded granules. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this process can be modified without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0101] According to another embodiment, the biopesticide composition is in the form of broadcast granules, involving a mixture of ground elemental sulfur and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to obtain a slurry or wet mixture. Industrial azadirachtin is added to the slurry and the elemental sulfur-azadirachtin mixture is mixed for approximately 5-10 minutes. The resulting wet mixture is then dried, for example, in a spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, or any suitable granulation equipment. The powder or fine granules are further agglomerated in an agglomerator by adding at least one filler or carrier to obtain granules of the desired size.

[0102] According to another embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method of applying a biological pesticide composition.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the present invention also relates to methods for protecting crops, controlling plant pathogens, controlling pests, improving crop health and growth, increasing crop yield, and enhancing plants. The method includes treating plants, crops, sites, or surrounding soil with at least one solid biological treatment agent. The pesticide composition comprises elemental sulfur in the range of 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition and azadirachtin in the range of 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient. The biological pesticide composition can be sprayed directly onto crops or plants, for example, on their leaves or in their site before sowing or planting.

[0104] According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for treating plants, crops, sites, or soil to resist pests or diseases, control pesticide resistance, or reduce pesticide residues by applying a solid biopesticide composition. According to a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for treating plants, crops, sites, or soil to resist pests or diseases, control pesticide resistance, or reduce pesticide residues by applying a solid biopesticide composition at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha.

[0105] The biopesticide composition is applied by a variety of methods. Methods of application to the soil include any suitable method that ensures the composition penetrates the soil, such as seedling tray application, furrow application, soil soaking, soil injection, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and other such methods. The composition is particularly suitable for foliar spraying.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to a plant or crop or a portion thereof by foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha.

[0107] According to further embodiments, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 25 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 20 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 15 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 10 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to plants or crops or parts thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 5 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases by applying a solid biological pesticide composition to a plant or crop or a portion thereof via foliar application at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 2.5 kg / ha. According to further embodiments, a method for controlling pests and diseases, wherein the composition is effective against piercing-sucking pests, powdery mildew, and mites.

[0108] According to a further embodiment, a method for controlling pests and diseases, wherein the composition is effective against powdery mildew at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha.

[0109] According to a further embodiment, a method for controlling pests and diseases is provided, wherein the composition is effective against piercing-sucking pests at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 20 kg / ha. The pests controlled by the biopesticide composition of the present invention include piercing-sucking pests such as thrips, aphids, jasmine, whiteflies, etc.

[0110] According to a further embodiment, a method for controlling pests and diseases, wherein the composition is effective against mites at a dosage of 0.5 kg / ha to 10 kg / ha.

[0111] The mites controlled by the biological pesticide composition of the present invention include red spider mites, two-spotted spider mites, yellow mites, scarlet mites, pink mites, purple mites, etc.

[0112] The application rate or dosage of the composition depends on the type of application, the target pest or disease, the degree of disease and pest infestation, the type of crop, and the specific active ingredient in the composition and its amount. Their use ensures that an effective amount of the insecticidal active ingredient provides the desired effect (e.g., crop protection, crop yield). According to one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention can be applied as a single or multiple dose. For example, to control powdery mildew in grapes, the composition can be applied 2 to up to 15 times, depending on conditions and disease stress.

[0113] According to one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are inherently synergistic and suitable for integrated pest and nutrient management. Studies have found that the combination of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin has a good control effect on plant pathogens (e.g., fungal and bacterial pathogens) compared to using the active substances alone. Furthermore, such compositions also contribute to improved crop yield and crop characteristics. Therefore, the compositions of the present invention have been observed to exhibit enhanced, effective, and superior behavior in the field at reduced dosages.

[0114] A. Preparation Example:

[0115] The following examples illustrate the basic methods and versatility of the compositions of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these examples and can be extrapolated to the overall concentration range of the claimed components and the various formulation types claimed by the present invention.

[0116] 1. A water-dispersible particulate composition containing 80% elemental sulfur and 0.5% azadirachtin.

[0117] A water-dispersible granular composition was prepared by blending and grinding 81 parts elemental sulfur, 10 parts calcium lignin sulfonate, 5.70 parts maltodextrin, and 1.8 parts titanium dioxide. The obtained blend was ground to obtain a powder with a particle size of less than 50 micrometers. The ground material was then transferred to a Sigma mixer and 1.5 parts azadirachtin (33% purity) were added. The dry material formulation was granulated to prepare a wet material by adding an appropriate amount of water or granulation liquid. The wet material was extruded through a suitable extruder and the extruded granules were dried in a suitable dryer to obtain extruded granules.

[0118] The composition has a particle size of less than 10 micrometers and a granule size of less than 2 millimeters. The composition exhibits 90% dispersibility, 95% suspension, and a wetting time of less than 20 seconds. Furthermore, the composition demonstrates approximately 90% suspension and approximately 86% dispersibility under accelerated storage conditions.

[0119] 2. A water-dispersible particulate composition containing 85% elemental sulfur and 7% azadirachtin.

[0120] The composition was prepared according to Example 1 and contains 85 parts elemental sulfur, 7 parts azadirachtin (95% purity), 4.6 parts sodium lignosulfonate, 2.8 parts Agrilan 700, and 0.6 parts bentonite LT. The composition has a particle size of less than 15 micrometers and a granule size of less than 2.5 millimeters. The composition exhibits 85% dispersibility, 85% suspension, and a wettability of less than 35 seconds. The composition further demonstrates approximately 80% suspension and approximately 81% dispersibility under accelerated storage conditions.

[0121] 3. A water-dispersible particulate composition containing 90% elemental sulfur and 0.5% azadirachtin.

[0122] The composition was prepared according to Example 1 and contains 91 parts elemental sulfur, 0.53 parts azadirachtin (95% purity), 0.5 parts butylated hydroxytoluene, 7.95 parts Stepsperse DF 200, and 0.02 parts disodium EDTA. The composition has a particle size of less than 10 micrometers and a granule size of less than 1.5 millimeters. The composition exhibits 90% dispersibility, 85% suspension, and a wettability of less than 30 seconds. The composition further demonstrates approximately 80% suspension and approximately 84% dispersibility under accelerated storage conditions.

[0123] 4. A water-dispersible particulate composition containing 70% elemental sulfur and 3% azadirachtin.

[0124] This composition was prepared by spray drying and consists of: 71 parts elemental sulfur, 3 parts azadirachtin (95% purity), 7 parts sodium naphthalenesulfonic acid condensate, 6 parts kaolin, 10 parts Borresperse NA, and 3 parts sodium citrate. The particle size of this composition is less than 18 micrometers, and the granule size is less than 2.0 millimeters. The composition exhibits a dispersibility of 75%, a suspension of 80%, and a wettability of less than 40 seconds. Furthermore, the composition demonstrates approximately 75% suspension and approximately 70% dispersibility under accelerated storage conditions.

[0125] 5. A broadcast granular composition containing 65% elemental sulfur and 12% azadirachtin.

[0126] This composition was prepared by blending 66 parts elemental sulfur, 5 parts Reax 88A, 1 part polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.1 parts silicone defoamer, 3.9 parts sodium citrate, 5 parts bentonite, and 8 parts kaolin to obtain a blend. The obtained blend was milled to obtain a powder with a particle size of less than 50 micrometers. Azadirachtin 12 (95% purity) was added to the milled mixture. The powder was mixed with water in a suitable mixing device to form a slurry. The obtained slurry was wet-milled in a suitable wet milling device. The resulting wet-milled slurry was spray-dried at an inlet temperature below 180°C and an outlet temperature below 85°C to obtain a granular powder with low moisture content. The spray-dried powder obtained therefrom was agglomerated in a fluidized bed dryer, followed by a needle agglomerator and a disc granulator. The speed of the disc granulator was maintained at approximately 35 rpm to obtain a spread composition. Water was incorporated during agglomeration. The obtained granules are then further dried in a post-fluidized bed dryer at a temperature of about 70°C to remove residual moisture.

[0127] The composition has a particle size of approximately 4-5 mm and a microparticle size range of approximately 25-35 micrometers. The particulate composition exhibits a wettability of less than 120 seconds, a suspension rate of 40%, and a dispersibility of 38%. The composition further demonstrates 35% dispersibility and approximately 38% suspension rate under accelerated storage conditions.

[0128] 6. A broadcast granular formulation containing 70% elemental sulfur and 10% azadirachtin.

[0129] A particulate composition was prepared according to Example 5, comprising 71 parts elemental sulfur, 10 parts azadirachtin, 9 parts ufoxane 3A, 2 parts hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 2 parts lactose, 2 parts bentonite, and 4 parts kaolin. The sample had a particle size of 4.5–5.5 mm, with a microparticle size range of approximately 30–35 μm. The particulate composition exhibited wettability in less than 90 seconds, suspension of 50%, and dispersibility of 45%. The composition further demonstrated 41% dispersibility and approximately 45% suspension under accelerated storage conditions.

[0130] 7. A wettable powder composition containing 80% elemental sulfur and 2% azadirachtin.

[0131] The wettable powder is composed of 81 parts elemental sulfur, 2 parts azadirachtin, 11 parts Geropon SC213, 1 part sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 5 parts bentonite. The resulting mixture is passed through a jet mill to obtain particles smaller than 7.0 micrometers. 8 parts azadirachtin (25% purity) are added to the milled mixture to obtain the wettable powder. The powder has a suspension of 77%, a wettability of 15 seconds, and a wet sieve retention of 0.2%. The composition exhibits a suspension of approximately 72% under accelerated storage conditions.

[0132] 8. A wettable powder composition containing 65% elemental sulfur and 15% azadirachtin.

[0133] A wettable powder composition was prepared according to Example 7, comprising 66 parts elemental sulfur, 15 parts azadirachtin, 6 parts Supragil MNS, 6 parts sodium phenolate naphthalene sulfonic acid condensate, 2 parts Morwet EFW, and 5 parts kaolin. The powder has a particle size of less than 6.5 micrometers, a suspension of 72%, a wettability of 15 seconds, and a wet sieve retention of 0.1%. The composition exhibits a suspension of approximately 65% ​​under accelerated storage conditions.

[0134] 9. A powdering agent composition containing 95% elemental sulfur and 1% azadirachtin.

[0135] 96 parts elemental sulfur, 1 part azadirachtin, and 3 parts soapstone were mixed in a plow mixer and then air-jet milled to obtain a sprayable powder. The particle size of the sprayable powder was less than 22 micrometers, and the retention rate on a 75-micrometer dry sieve was 3.57%.

[0136] B. Physical performance data:

[0137] Experiment 1:

[0138] Aqueous dispersible particulate compositions containing 80% elemental sulfur and 0.5% azadirachtin of different particle sizes were prepared, and the suspension properties of the compositions under room temperature and accelerated storage conditions were tested and reported in Table 1.

[0139] Table 1: Effect of particle size on the suspension of an aqueous dispersible particulate composition containing 80% elemental sulfur and 0.5% azadirachtin at room temperature and during accelerated storage.

[0140]

[0141] The data presented in Table 1 lead to the conclusion that the particle size of the water-dispersible particulate composition affects its suspension at room temperature and during accelerated storage. WDG samples with a size range of approximately 0.1 μm to 60 μm exhibited approximately 60% suspension and remained stable during accelerated storage with approximately 55% suspension, while samples with a larger particle size range of 65–150 μm showed only 25% suspension, which further decreased to 20% after accelerated storage.

[0142] It is worth noting that the compositions of the present invention with particle sizes ranging from 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers exhibit better suspension and are stable.

[0143] Further observation revealed that the compositions of the present invention do not settle at the bottom of the container before application to crops. Therefore, when applied in the field, an accurate dose of the active substance is delivered to the crop or plant without compromising the efficacy of the composition. Conversely, compositions with particle sizes greater than 60 micrometers exhibited poor suspension, tending to settle at the bottom of the container, thus hindering application to crops and consequently affecting the efficacy of the composition. Therefore, it was observed that compositions containing azadirachtin and elemental sulfur with particle sizes ranging from 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers according to embodiments of the present invention are stable, dispersible, suspendable, and effective when applied to crops.

[0144] Experiment 2:

[0145] Stability studies of compositions containing elemental sulfur and azadirachtin in water-dispersible granule form relative to compositions containing elemental sulfur and azadirachtin in aqueous liquid form at room temperature and under accelerated storage.

[0146] An aqueous dispersible particulate composition containing 80% elemental sulfur and 0.65% azadirachtin was prepared and compared with an aqueous liquid composition containing 40% elemental sulfur and 0.4% azadirachtin to determine its stability at room temperature (RT) and accelerated storage conditions (ATS). The retention of azadirachtin under RT and accelerated storage conditions was tested and reported in Table 2.

[0147] Table 2:

[0148]

[0149] The data presented in Table 2 show that the composition of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin in the form of water-dispersible granules according to embodiments of the present invention is stable during storage compared to the aqueous liquid form of the composition. The WDG composition contains 0.65% azadirachtin A, and when maintaining the stability of the composition, it was observed that 0.65% and 0.63% of the total azadirachtin A present in the composition were retained at RT and accelerated storage, respectively. However, when a stability study was conducted on the aqueous liquid composition containing 0.4% azadirachtin A, only 0.1% was retained at RT, and no azadirachtin A was found in the composition during accelerated storage.

[0150] Therefore, it is noteworthy that when formulated in an aqueous liquid form, azadirachtin is degraded and becomes unusable, while surprisingly, when formulated in a solid formulation, such as the water-dispersible granules of the present invention, azadirachtin remains stable, even during accelerated storage. Thus, when applied to the field, a sufficient dose of azadirachtin is delivered to the crop or plant without impairing the efficacy of the composition. It has thus been observed that the solid formulation of azadirachtin and elemental sulfur (having a particle size range of 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers) according to embodiments of the present invention is stable and effective when applied to crops.

[0151] C. Field research

[0152] Experiment 1: Study on the efficacy of water-dispersible granules containing elemental sulfur and azadirachtin against the tea mite (red spider mite):

[0153] Field trials were conducted on tea crops in Kharibari, Darjeeling, West Bengal to evaluate embodiments of the compositions of the present invention. These trials employed a randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatment groups, including an untreated control group, replicated four times per group. For each treatment, the plot size was maintained at 35 square meters (7m × 5m). The composition of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin was applied to the tea crops as a foliar spray at specified dosages in various formulation types, such as extruded WDG, WDG and WP, ​​and a 1% liquid composition of sulfur WDG and Neemazal (azadirachtin).

[0154] The experiment details are as follows:

[0155] a) Test sites: Halliburley, Darjeeling, WB

[0156] b) Crop: Tea tree

[0157] c) Experimental season: Rabi 2021-22

[0158] d) Experimental design: randomized block design

[0159] e) Repeat: 4 times

[0160] f) Processing group: 7

[0161] g) Plot area: 7m × 5m = 35 square meters

[0162] h) Application date: April 8, 2022

[0163] i) Crop age: 10 years

[0164] j) Application method: Foliar spraying

[0165] Observations were recorded at 1 DAA, 3 DAA, 5 DAA, 7 DAA, 14 DAA, and 21 DAA. The average data are listed in Table 1 to illustrate the efficacy of the water-dispersible particulate composition of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin.

[0166] Table 1:

[0167]

[0168]

[0169] DAA - Number of days after application; RSM - Red spider mite.

[0170] Table 1 (continued):

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] The term "synergy" was defined by Colby SR in an article entitled "Calculation of synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations", published in Weeds, 1967, 15, pp. 20-22.

[0174] The expected effect of a given combination of two active ingredients can be calculated as follows: E = X + Y - (XY / 100)

[0175] in,

[0176] E = the expected % effect of mixing two products X and Y at a specified dosage.

[0177] X = % effect observed in product A

[0178] Y = % effect observed in product B

[0179] The synergy factor (SF) is calculated using Abbott's formula (Eq.(2)(Abbott, 1925)).

[0180] SF = Observed effect / Expected effect

[0181] Among them, SF>1 indicates a concerted reaction; SF<1 indicates an antagonistic reaction; and SF=1 indicates an addition reaction.

[0182] It can be observed that after 21DAA, the synergistic factors for treatments T1, T2, and T3 are 1.56, 1.53, and 1.50, respectively, as shown in Table 1, which describes the inherently synergistic composition of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin in various formulation types. This synergistic behavior of elemental sulfur + azadirachtin in the forms of WDG, extruded WDG, and WP according to embodiments of the present invention was observed from the percentage reduction of red spider mites on tea crops. The treatment groups prepared according to embodiments of the present invention, namely T1 (80% sulfur + 0.5% azadirachtin extruded water-dispersible granules), T2 (65% sulfur + 0.4% azadirachtin water-dispersible granules), and T3 (90% elemental sulfur + 0.6% azadirachtin wettable powder), when applied at the same active dosage, demonstrated optimal control of red spider mites of approximately 91.2%, 89.68%, and 88.09%, respectively, compared to the individual active substances, namely 800 g / acre of sulfur and 5 g / acre of azadirachtin. In contrast, treatments T4 (1% Neemazal liquid composition) and T5 (80% sulfur WDG) showed mite control rates of only 18.2% and 49.2%, respectively. Furthermore, treatment groups T1, T2, and T3 described better control of mites on tea trees compared to the application of treatment group T5 (60% sulfur + 0.4% azadirachtin liquid composition). Therefore, the combination of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin in various formulation types prepared according to embodiments of the present invention exhibits a synergistic effect and provides better crop protection compared to the application of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin alone. The synergistic effect of the compositions of the present invention has been observed across the entire claimed active substance concentration range and in the various formulation types claimed by the present invention.

[0183] Experiment 2: Study on the efficacy of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin water-dispersible granules against eggplant jasperidium.

[0184] The field trial was conducted to observe the effects of different formulations of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin on crop pests and to determine the impact on yields in commercially grown eggplant fields in Gujarat.

[0185] This experiment was conducted during the rabbi season using a randomized block design (RBD), with six treatment groups, including an untreated control group, replicated three times. For each treatment, the plot size remained at 35 square meters (7m × 5m). The eggplant crop in the experimental fields was grown according to good agricultural practices. Experimental details are as follows:

[0186] Experiment Details

[0187] a) Test location: Himatnagar, Gujarat

[0188] b) Crop: Eggplant

[0189] c) Experimental season: Rabbi 2021-22

[0190] d) Experimental design: randomized block design

[0191] e) Repeat: 3 times

[0192] f) Processing group: 6

[0193] g) Plot size: 7m × 5m = 35 square meters

[0194] h) R×P spacing: 30cm×15cm

[0195] h) Sowing date: December 15, 2021

[0196] i) Application date: January 22, 2022

[0197] j) Application method: Foliar spraying

[0198] k) Harvest date: March 11, 2022

[0199] Observations of different yield parameters were recorded at harvest, and the average data are listed in Table 2 to illustrate the effects of different formulations of the elemental sulfur and azadirachtin combination. This combination is also effective against Jasperidone attack on eggplant crops.

[0200] Table 2:

[0201]

[0202]

[0203] Table 2 (continued)

[0204]

[0205]

[0206]

[0207] WDG – Water-dispersible granules; WP – Wettable powder; DAA – Days after application

[0208] As can be seen from the observations shown in Table 2, the composition of elemental sulfur + azadirachtin in the form of water-dispersible granules and wettable powder according to embodiments of the present invention exhibits significantly better results compared with untreated plots at different concentrations.

[0209] As can be observed from Table 2, after spraying T1 and T2 with 7DAA twice, the percentage reduction of Jasperidium was approximately 81.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Similarly, treatment groups T3-T5 also showed better control of Jasperidium on eggplants compared to untreated plots.

[0210] Furthermore, it was observed from treatment groups T1-T5 prepared according to embodiments of the present invention that the treatment groups exhibited better yields compared to untreated plots. For example, treatment groups T1 and T2 depicted yields of approximately 24,600 kg / ha and 25,700 kg / ha, respectively. Similar effects were also observed in other treatment groups T3, T4, and T5 compared to the untreated group. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of elemental sulfur and azadirachtin of various formulation types according to embodiments of the present invention (treatments T1-T5) shows a significant increase in yield. Thus, it is observed that the biopesticide combinations of the present invention are not only effective against various pests but also result in higher yields due to effective pest control.

[0211] Experiment 3: Evaluation of the effects of the particle size of the elemental sulfur (ES) + azadirachtin composition on leafminer control and yield on tomatoes in Nashik, Maharashtra.

[0212] Field experimental methods

[0213] The experiment was conducted during the rabbi season using a randomized block design (RBD), with four treatment groups, including an untreated control group, replicated four times. For each treatment group, the plot size remained at 40 square meters (8m × 5m). The compositions tested included water-dispersible granules of 80% elemental sulfur and 0.5% azadirachtin in different particle size ranges. The tomato crop in the experimental fields was grown according to good agricultural practices.

[0214] Experiment details:

[0215] a) Test location: Nashik, Maharashtra

[0216] b) Crop: Tomato

[0217] c) Experimental season: Rabbi 2021-22 (November to March)

[0218] d) Experimental design: randomized block design

[0219] e) Repeat: 4 times

[0220] f) Processing group: 4

[0221] g) Plot area: 8m × 5m = 40 square meters

[0222] h) Sowing date: November 10, 2021

[0223] i) Application date: November 30, 2021

[0224] j) Application method: Foliar application

[0225] k) Harvest date: December 12, 2021

[0226] Observations on tomato fruit yield and pest control were recorded and averaged in Table 3 to observe the effect of the particle size of the composition on tomato yield and pest control (leaf minor). Data were collected from five plants in the middle of each plot, and the average damage caused by the pest was calculated for each plant. Leaf damage was assessed as the percentage of leaves affected (damaged) by the absolute leafminer (T. absoluteuta).

[0227] Table 3:

[0228]

[0229]

[0230] As can be seen from the data in Table 3, treatment group T2, with a particle size ranging from 0.1 μm to 20 μm and containing 80% elemental sulfur + 0.5% azadirachtin according to the embodiments of the present invention, and treatment group T3, with a particle size ranging from 0.1 μm to 60 μm and containing 80% elemental sulfur + 0.5% azadirachtin according to the embodiments of the present invention, showed significantly increased yields compared to treatment group T4, with a particle size ranging from 60 to 100 μm and containing 80% elemental sulfur + 0.5% azadirachtin according to the embodiments of the present invention. It was observed that treatment groups T2 and T3 using the compositions of the present invention showed surprisingly significant control over leafminer disease on tomato leaves, with control rates of approximately 80% and 78%, respectively, compared to the untreated control, while treatment group T4 showed only 38% disease control. Furthermore, it was observed that the fruit yields were best when treatment groups T2 and T3, prepared according to the embodiments of the present invention, were applied compared to treatment group T4 and the untreated plot. Therefore, it has been noted that using the water-dispersible granule formulation according to the invention, wherein the composition comprises particles in the size range of 0.1-60 micrometers, better yield and pest control have been observed compared with water-dispersible granule formulations having larger particle sizes.

[0231] Experiment 4: Evaluate the efficacy of the combination of elemental sulfur (ES) and azadirachtin against okra aphids.

[0232] Field experimental methods

[0233] The experiment was conducted during the monsoon (Kharif) season using a randomized block design (RBD), with four treatment groups, including an untreated control group, replicated four times. For each treatment, the plot size remained at 40 square meters (8m × 5m). The compositions tested included 80% elemental sulfur and 0.5% azadirachtin water-dispersible granules, 25% thiamethoxam WDG (Actara), and an untreated control group. The okra crop in the experimental fields was cultivated according to good agricultural practices.

[0234] Experiment details:

[0235] a) Test location: Nashik, Adgaon, Maharashtra

[0236] b) Crop: Okra (Kumkum, Advanta Seeds, India)

[0237] c) Experimental season: Kharif season 2021-22

[0238] d) Experimental design: randomized block design

[0239] e) Repeat: 4 times

[0240] f) Processing group: 4

[0241] g) Plot size: 8m x 5m = 40 square meters

[0242] i) Application Date: First Time: April 8, 2021

[0243] Second time: April 18, 2021

[0244] j) Application method: Foliar application

[0245] Pest control observations were recorded at 0, 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after the first and second sprays. Table 4 shows the average data to understand the effect of the ingredients on okra pest control (aphids) compared to synthetic pesticides.

[0246] Table 4:

[0247]

[0248]

[0249] As can be seen from the data in Table 4, treatment groups T1 and T2, with different dosages of the elemental sulfur 80% + azadirachtin 0.5% water-dispersible granules of the embodiments of the present invention, showed significant control over aphids. It was observed that treatment groups T1 and T2, using the composition according to the embodiments of the present invention, showed surprisingly significant control over aphids on okra compared to the control, noting approximately 81.5% and 83.1%, respectively. For treatment group T3 using 25% thiamethoxam WDG (Actara), the pest control rate was 80.2% compared to the untreated control. It can be noted that the control of aphids with the claimed composition was slightly better or comparable compared to treatment group T3 using the 25% thiamethoxam WDG (Actara) composition. Therefore, it is noted that effective pest control was observed using the biopesticide composition formulated according to the embodiments of the present invention. This composition exhibits efficacy equivalent to commercially available synthetic formulations. Therefore, this study concludes that the composition of 80% elemental sulfur + 0.5% azadirachtin according to embodiments of the present invention can be used as an alternative pest management solution to treat piercing-sucking pests and avoid the need for synthetic pesticides.

[0250] Experiment 5: Evaluation of the efficacy of the combination of elemental sulfur (ES) and azadirachtin against grape powdery mildew.

[0251] Field experimental methods

[0252] The experiment was conducted during the Kharif season using a randomized block design (RBD), with four treatment groups, including an untreated control group, replicated five times. For each treatment group, the desired plot size was maintained. The compositions tested included 80% elemental sulfur and 0.4% azadirachtin water-dispersible granules, 80% sulfur WDG, commercially available SC products fluopyram 17.7% + tebuconazole 17.7%, and an untreated control group. Crops in the experimental fields were grown according to good agricultural practices.

[0253] Experiment details:

[0254] a) Test location: Nashik, Maharashtra

[0255] b) Crop: Grapes

[0256] c) Experimental season: Kharif season, 2021-2022

[0257] d) Experimental design: randomized block design

[0258] e) Repeat: 5 times

[0259] f) Processing group: 4

[0260] g) Cell size: 3 vines per treatment / repeat

[0261] h) Application date: November 15, 2021 (first application)

[0262] November 25, 2021 (Second application)

[0263] h) Application method: Foliar spray (2 sprays)

[0264] The disease control observation results were recorded at 0 days, 10 days after the first spray and 10 days after the second spray, and the percentage disease index (PDI) was listed in Table 5 to compare the effect of the composition on grape disease control (powdery mildew) against synthetic pesticides.

[0265]

[0266]

[0267] As can be observed from the data presented in Table 5, compared with treatment group T3, which used a water-dispersible granule formulation of 80% elemental sulfur + 0.4% azadirachtin according to an embodiment of the present invention, the treatment group T1 showed significant control of powdery mildew 10. It was observed that treatment T1 using the composition according to the present invention effectively reduced powdery mildew in okra with the lowest PDI, showing efficacy comparable to commercially available synthetic formulations and found to be better than the untreated control group. Surprisingly, the composition of the present invention was observed to provide maximum control of powdery mildew, comparable to other synthetic crop protectants, and without requiring synthetic crop protectants.

[0268] The inventors of this invention further observed that the composition of this invention, containing elemental sulfur, azadirachtin, and agricultural chemical excipients, helps to reduce the degradation of azadirachtin by adjusting the pH of the composition, thereby maintaining the stability of azadirachtin in the formulation, and has demonstrated effective control of field pests and diseases and higher crop yields.

[0269] Therefore, it has been observed that the compositions of the present invention demonstrate an alternative and effective method for controlling pests, and also provide plants with nutrition superior to synthetic chemical pesticides and fertilizers. In fact, various advantageous properties associated with the biopesticide compositions include, but are not limited to, stability, improved toxicological and / or ecotoxicological behavior, improved crop characteristics (including crop yield), crop characteristics (e.g., more developed root systems), increased crop height, larger leaves, fewer basal dead leaves, stronger tillering, greener leaf color, less fertilizer required, increased tillering, increased bud growth, improved plant or crop vigor, earlier flowering, higher tillering yield, less lodging, increased chlorophyll content in leaves, photosynthetic activity, improved product quality, better crop protection, disease resistance, and other advantages familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0270] As can be seen from the foregoing, various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concept of this invention. It should be understood that no limitation is intended or should be inferred on the specific embodiments shown.

Claims

1. A solid biological pesticide composition comprising a mixture of the following components: Elemental sulfur comprising 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition; Azadirachtin comprising 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of the total composition; At least one agriculturally chemically acceptable excipient; in, The composition is in the form of water-dispersible granules, broadcast granules, extruded granules, spheroidized granules, or powder; and... The granule and powder composition comprises particles with a size range of 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The composition comprises particles ranging in size from 0.1 micrometers to 20 micrometers.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The size range of the granules is 0.05 mm to 6 mm.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The size range of the granules is 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The agrochemically acceptable excipient is selected from at least one of surfactants, binders or binders, disintegrants, fillers or carriers or diluents, coating agents, buffers or pH adjusters or neutralizers, defoamers or defoaming agents, chelating agents or complexing agents or multivalent chelating agents, suspending agents or suspending aids or anti-caking agents or anti-settling agents, thickeners, and UV agents.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein, The composition contains at least one of a surfactant, a carrier, or an adhesive.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The composition has a suspension degree of at least 30%.

8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, Under accelerated storage conditions, the suspension rate is at least 30%.

9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The azadirachtin activity level during accelerated storage is no less than 50% compared to the azadirachtin activity level at room temperature.

10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein, The azadirachtin activity level during accelerated storage is no less than 75% compared to the azadirachtin activity level at room temperature.

11. A method for preparing the composition in powder form according to claim 1, comprising: a. Mix and grind elemental sulfur, which accounts for 60% w / w to 99% w / w of the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; b. Adding 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of azadirachtin, representing a portion of the total composition, to a dry mixture to obtain a powder, wherein the particle size of the composition is in the range of 0.1 micrometers to 60 micrometers.

12. The method for preparing the water-dispersible granule composition according to claim 1, comprising: a. Grind a mixture of elemental sulfur, ranging from 60% w / w to 99% w / w in the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to obtain a slurry or wet mixture; b. Add 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of azadirachtin, representing a percentage of the total composition, to the wet mixture and mix. c. Drying the wet mixture to obtain an aqueously dispersed granular composition; wherein the granules of the composition are in the range of 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm and contain microparticles in the range of 0.1 micrometer to 60 micrometers in size.

13. A method for preparing the extruded granule or spreadable granule composition of claim 1, comprising: a. Grind a mixture of elemental sulfur, ranging from 60% w / w to 99% w / w in the total composition, and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to obtain a slurry or wet mixture; b. Add 0.01% w / w to 20% w / w of azadirachtin, representing a portion of the total composition, to the milled material and dry it in a suitable drying apparatus; c. The powder or fine granules are further agglomerated by adding at least one filler or carrier in an agglomeration machine to obtain granules with a size of 0.05 mm to 6 mm, and a particle size range of 0.1 μm to 60 μm; or d. The dry matter of the sulfur-azapine mixture is granulated, an appropriate amount of water is added to prepare a wet matter, and the wet matter is extruded through a suitable extruder to obtain extruded granules with a size of 0.05 to 6 mm and a particle size range of 0.1 micrometer to 60 micrometer.

14. A method of treating plants, crops, sites or soil to resist pests or diseases or control pesticide resistance or reduce pesticide residues, comprising applying the composition according to claim 1.

15. The processing method according to claim 14, wherein, The composition is effective against piercing-sucking pests, powdery mildew, and mites.

16. The processing method according to claim 14, wherein, The composition is applied at a dose of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha.

17. A method for controlling pests and diseases, wherein, The method comprises applying the composition according to claim 1 to a plant or crop or a portion thereof by foliar application at a dose of 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha.

18. The method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 17, wherein, The composition is effective against piercing-sucking pests, powdery mildew, and mites.

19. The method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 18, wherein, The composition is effective against powdery mildew at doses ranging from 0.5 kg / ha to 30 kg / ha.

20. The method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 18, wherein, The composition is effective against piercing-sucking pests at doses ranging from 0.5 kg / ha to 20 kg / ha.

21. The method for controlling pests and diseases according to claim 18, wherein, The composition is effective against mites at doses ranging from 0.5 kg / ha to 10 kg / ha.

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