Tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust, air purification system combined operation method and device and tunnel

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust, air purification system combined operation method and device and a tunnel. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a detection value of pollutants and / or visibility in the tunnel; and controlling the ventilation system, the smoke exhaust system and the air purification system to work cooperatively according to the obtained detection value or the change amount of the detection value in a predetermined time. The tunnel ventilation system, the smoke exhaust system and the air purification system are integrated, cooperatively controlled and specific operation control parameters are proposed to obtain the optimal operation strategy, and the energy-saving purpose is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, and tunnel for the combined operation of a tunnel ventilation, smoke extraction, and air purification system. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried underground. Due to their long and narrow structure, toxic and harmful gases produced by vehicles are difficult to expel, and contaminants can easily accumulate at the tunnel entrance, posing a fire risk. Therefore, diluting toxic and harmful gases inside tunnels is crucial for the health of personnel; ensuring that pollutants discharged from tunnel entrances meet air pollutant emission standards; and effectively controlling smoke emissions in the event of a fire are essential for the safe evacuation of personnel. Currently, there is no effective operating model or reliable, quantifiable operating strategy for the coordinated operation of tunnel ventilation, smoke extraction, and air purification systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method, device and tunnel for the combined operation of tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust and air purification systems, which can solve the problem that there is no effective operation mode and reliable quantitative operation strategy for the combined operation of tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust and air purification systems in related technologies.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for the joint operation of a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system is provided, comprising: acquiring detection values ​​of pollutants and / or visibility in the tunnel; and controlling the ventilation system, the smoke exhaust system, and the air purification system to work together based on the acquired detection values ​​or the amount of change of the detection values ​​over a predetermined time.

[0005] Preferably, the pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO) and / or nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

[0006] Preferably, controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work in coordination based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes:

[0007] The detected value or the detected value satisfies one of the following conditions:

[0008] CO ≥ 100 ppm;

[0009] Visibility (VI) ≥ 0.0070m -1 ;

[0010] NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm;

[0011] Multiple jet fans in the tunnel are controlled to open at intervals for ventilation; wherein, the air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance and the multiple jet fans, and the pollutants in the tunnel are discharged from the tunnel outlet. The multiple jet fans that open at intervals are configured as a preset normal operating condition ventilation equipment control operation configuration.

[0012] Preferably, the detected value or the detected value satisfies one of the following conditions: CO ≥ 100 ppm, and ΔCO (change in carbon monoxide) ≥ 15 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0013] VI≥0.0070m -1 And ΔVI (the change in visibility) ≥ 0.001m -1 Lasting 10 minutes;

[0014] NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, and ΔNO2 (change in nitrogen dioxide) ≥ 0.05 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0015] The system controls the opening of some of the multiple jet fans in the tunnel for exhaust ventilation; wherein the air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance and the multiple jet fans, and the pollutants in the tunnel are discharged from the tunnel outlet. The multiple jet fans that are opened at intervals are configured according to the preset normal operating condition ventilation equipment control operation configuration.

[0016] Preferably, controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work in coordination based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes:

[0017] The detected value or the detected value satisfies one of the following conditions:

[0018] CO ≥ 100 ppm, and ΔCO ≥ 15 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0019] VI≥0.0070m -1 And ΔVI≥0.001m -1 Lasting 10 minutes;

[0020] NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, and ΔNO2 ≥ 0.05 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0021] Control the activation of all jet fans among the plurality of jet fans for exhaust ventilation;

[0022] The air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance and the multiple jet fans, and the pollutants in the tunnel are discharged from the tunnel outlet.

[0023] Preferably, controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work in coordination based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes:

[0024] After the jet fan is fully operational for a preset time, condition VI ≥ 0.007m is met. -1 If NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, the air purification device is turned on. The air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance, the multiple jet fans, the inlet and outlet of the air purification device, and the treated polluted air in the tunnel is discharged sequentially to the tunnel outlet and the outdoor atmosphere.

[0025] Preferably, controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work in coordination based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes:

[0026] In the event of a fire in the tunnel, the fire is located in one of the multiple smoke exhaust sections of the tunnel. The normally closed smoke exhaust vent, which is closest to the ignition point of the fire in the smoke exhaust section, is opened, and the smoke exhaust fan in the smoke exhaust section is activated in a chain reaction. The smoke is then exhausted to the outside of the tunnel through the smoke exhaust duct, smoke exhaust shaft, and rainproof louvers 11. The normally closed smoke exhaust vents and smoke exhaust fans in the multiple smoke exhaust sections remain closed, and the jet fans and air purification devices in the multiple smoke exhaust sections remain closed.

[0027] Preferably, when the tunnel is experiencing traffic congestion, all jet fans in the jet fan system are activated; the jet fans and air purification devices in the tunnel are shut down for a preset time period.

[0028] According to another aspect of the present invention, a combined operation device for a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system is also provided, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring detection values ​​of pollutants and / or visibility in the tunnel; and a control module for controlling the ventilation system, the smoke exhaust system, and the air purification system to work together based on the acquired detection values ​​or the amount of change of the detection values ​​over a predetermined time.

[0029] According to another aspect of the invention, a tunnel is also provided, the tunnel comprising: a smoke exhaust fan, a jet fan, a normally closed smoke exhaust outlet, a smoke exhaust shaft, an NO2 detector, a CO detector, a visibility detector, a wind speed and direction detector, an air purification station, a smoke exhaust duct, rainproof louvers, and a device for combined operation according to claim 9.

[0030] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and tunnel for the combined operation of a tunnel ventilation, smoke extraction, and air purification system. The method includes: acquiring detection values ​​of pollutants and / or visibility in the tunnel; and controlling the ventilation system, smoke extraction system, and air purification system to work collaboratively based on the acquired detection values ​​or their changes over a predetermined time. This solves the problem of low pollutant removal efficiency in related technologies. The ventilation system ensures the health of personnel inside the tunnel; the smoke extraction system ensures safe evacuation in the event of a fire; and the air purification system ensures that the tunnel entrance meets atmospheric pollutant emission standards. Their combined operation is a key challenge. Through the effective and data-quantified combined operation strategy described in this application, the ventilation, smoke extraction, and air purification systems can be integrated to achieve good operational results, energy savings, and reduced impact on the power grid. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of ventilation and smoke extraction equipment in a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is an AA cross-sectional view of the ventilation and smoke extraction equipment arrangement of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a BB cross-sectional view of the ventilation and smoke extraction equipment arrangement of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for the combined operation of a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a tunnel ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system operating device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] This embodiment provides a method for the combined operation of a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for the combined operation of a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4As shown, the method includes steps S402 to S404.

[0039] Step S402: Obtain the detection values ​​of pollutants and / or visibility in the tunnel.

[0040] Step S404: Based on the obtained detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time, control the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system and air purification system to work together.

[0041] The method described in this embodiment integrates the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system for coordinated operation, resulting in excellent ventilation and smoke exhaust effects. This effectively eliminates the concentration of pollutants inside and at the entrance of the cave, reducing pollution.

[0042] As a preferred implementation, the pollutants may include carbon monoxide (CO) and / or nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

[0043] This embodiment provides several system operation modes to control the coordinated operation of the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time, including:

[0044] Method 1: The detected value or the detected value meets one of the following conditions:

[0045] CO ≥ 100 ppm;

[0046] Visibility (VI) ≥ 0.0070m -1 , where m -1 It represents each meter, and is a unit of measurement based on meters.

[0047] NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm;

[0048] Multiple jet fans in the tunnel are opened at intervals to exhaust air. The air entering the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance and multiple jet fans, and pollutants in the tunnel are discharged from the tunnel exit. The multiple jet fans that are opened at intervals are set to the preset normal operating condition ventilation equipment control operation configuration.

[0049] Method 2: The detection value or the detection value meets one of the following conditions: CO ≥ 100 ppm (cubic centimeters / cubic meter), and ΔCO ≥ 15 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0050] VI≥0.0070m -1 And ΔVI≥0.001m -1 Lasting 10 minutes;

[0051] NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, and ΔNO2 ≥ 0.05 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0052] Control the opening of some of the multiple jet fans in the tunnel for exhaust ventilation; the air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance and multiple jet fans, and the pollutants in the tunnel are discharged from the tunnel outlet. The multiple jet fans that are opened at intervals are set to the preset normal operating condition ventilation equipment control operation configuration.

[0053] Method 3: The detected value or the detected value meets one of the following conditions:

[0054] CO ≥ 100 ppm, and ΔCO ≥ 15 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0055] VI≥0.0070m -1 And ΔVI≥0.001m -1 Lasting 10 minutes;

[0056] NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, and ΔNO2 ≥ 0.05 ppm for 10 minutes;

[0057] Control the activation of all jet fans out of multiple jet fans for exhaust ventilation;

[0058] The tunnel's air intake passes through the tunnel entrance and multiple jet fans, while pollutants in the tunnel are discharged at the tunnel exit.

[0059] Method 4: After the jet fan is fully open for a preset time, condition VI ≥ 0.007m is met. -1 If NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, the air purification device is turned on. The air entering the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance, multiple jet fans, the inlet and outlet of the air purification device, and the treated polluted air in the tunnel is discharged sequentially to the tunnel outlet and the outdoor atmosphere.

[0060] The tunnel ventilation, smoke extraction, and air purification system operation method described in this embodiment is characterized by integrated collaboration. By integrating the control of the ventilation system, smoke extraction system, and air purification system, they operate collaboratively, resulting in excellent ventilation and smoke extraction effects. This not only effectively eliminates pollutant concentrations inside and at the tunnel entrance, meeting national standards, but also saves energy and reduces the impact on the power grid. The fans operate in batches at intervals based on the actual pollutant levels, reducing operating power consumption and saving electricity, while avoiding the impact on the power grid caused by all fans operating simultaneously.

[0061] As another preferred implementation, it may further include: when the tunnel is in a fire condition, if the fire is located in one of the multiple smoke exhaust sections of the tunnel, the normally closed smoke exhaust vent closest to the ignition point of the smoke exhaust section (preset value) is opened, and the smoke exhaust fan in the smoke exhaust section is activated in a chain reaction. The smoke is then exhausted to the outside of the tunnel through the smoke exhaust duct, smoke exhaust shaft, and rainproof louvers 11. The normally closed smoke exhaust vents and smoke exhaust fans in the multiple smoke exhaust sections remain closed, and the jet fans and air purification devices in the multiple smoke exhaust sections remain closed. This embodiment not only effectively eliminates the concentration of pollutants inside and at the tunnel entrance, meeting national standards, but also effectively exhausts smoke in the event of a fire, ensuring safe evacuation of personnel.

[0062] Preferably, when the tunnel is experiencing traffic congestion, all jet fans in the jet fan system are activated; the jet fans and air purification devices in the tunnel are shut down during a preset time period. Through this embodiment, by turning the fans and purification devices on or off according to the actual situation, environmental protection and energy saving are achieved.

[0063] Based on the same concept, this embodiment provides a combined operation device for a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system. Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a tunnel ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system combined operation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the device includes: an acquisition module 52 for acquiring detection values ​​of pollutants and / or visibility in the tunnel; and a control module 54 connected to the acquisition module 52 for controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work together based on the detection values ​​acquired by the acquisition module 52 or the amount of change of the detection values ​​over a predetermined time.

[0064] It should be noted that the device operates in the same way as the above embodiments and their preferred embodiments, and will not be described again here.

[0065] This embodiment provides a tunnel, which includes: a smoke exhaust fan, a jet fan, a normally closed smoke exhaust outlet, a smoke exhaust shaft, an NO2 detector, a CO detector, a visibility detector, a wind speed and direction detector, an air purification station, a smoke exhaust duct, rainproof louvers, and a device for the combined operation of the above-mentioned components. The configuration of the smoke exhaust fan and the jet fan can be referenced from [reference needed]. Figure 1 and 2 The tunnel's up and down directions can be referenced. Figure 3 .

[0066] Preferred embodiment

[0067] This embodiment provides a method for the combined operation of a tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust, and air purification system. In this embodiment, the equipment in the tunnel may include the following: smoke exhaust fan 1, jet fan 2 (numbered 1-13, JET-1~13), normally closed smoke exhaust outlet 3, smoke exhaust shaft 4, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detector 5, carbon monoxide (CO) detector 6, visibility detector 7, wind speed and direction detector 8, air purification station 9, smoke exhaust duct 10, and rainproof louvers 11.

[0068] In this embodiment, ventilation conditions (normal operating conditions and traffic congestion conditions) are described. The tunnel is bidirectional; the ventilation conditions are described using the downhill tunnel as an example, and the uphill tunnel is similar, so they will not be repeated here.

[0069] 1) When CO ≥ 100 ppm (cubic centimeters / cubic meter), or visibility VI ≥ 0.0070 m -1 If NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, the jet fan 2 will be turned on intermittently for exhaust (see the normal operating condition ventilation equipment control operation table for the location of the jet fan). The air intake passes through the tunnel lower entrance, and the jet fan 2 will discharge the pollutants to the tunnel lower exit in a relay manner.

[0070] 2) When CO ≥ 100 ppm and the change in carbon monoxide ΔCO ≥ 15 ppm for 10 minutes, or when VI ≥ 0.0070 and ΔVI ≥ 0.001m -1 If the NO2 concentration remains at ≥0.25ppm for 10 minutes, and ΔNO2 ≥0.05ppm remains at ≥0.05ppm for 10 minutes, additional jet fan 2 will be turned on for exhaust (see the normal operating condition ventilation equipment control operation table for the location of the jet fan). The air intake will pass through the tunnel lower entrance, and jet fan 2 will discharge the pollutants to the tunnel lower exit in a relay manner.

[0071] 3) When CO ≥ 100 ppm and ΔCO ≥ 15 ppm for 10 minutes, or VI ≥ 0.0070 m -1 And ΔVI≥0.001m -1 If NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm and ΔNO2 ≥ 0.05 ppm for 10 minutes, turn on all jet fans 2. The air intake passes through the tunnel inlet, and the jet fans 2 discharge the pollutants to the tunnel outlet in a relay manner.

[0072] 4) After jet fan 2 is fully operational for 10 minutes, VI ≥ 0.007m -1 If NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, activate purification device 9. Air enters through the tunnel inlet, and jet fan 2 relays the air through the air purification device inlet. After treatment, the polluted air exits from the outlet and is discharged to the downhill tunnel outlet, where it is released into the outdoor atmosphere.

[0073] 5) When traffic is congested, activate all jet fans 2 and implement traffic restriction measures to control vehicle entry (Article 4 also applies to this article).

[0074] 6) Time-based control is adopted. When there are fewer vehicles at night, all jet fans 2 and air purification stations 9 in the entire tunnel are shut down.

[0075] In this embodiment, under fire conditions, the following approach can be adopted (this embodiment takes smoke exhaust section one as an example; the other three smoke exhaust sections are set up similarly to smoke exhaust section one).

[0076] During implementation, smoke control is difficult in long tunnel fires. Therefore, the tunnel was divided into four smoke extraction zones, as detailed in the appendix. Figure 2 When a fire occurs in smoke exhaust section 1, the three normally closed smoke exhaust vents 3 closest to the ignition point will open, interlocking with the smoke exhaust fans 1 in smoke exhaust section 1. The smoke will then be exhausted through the smoke exhaust duct 10, smoke exhaust shaft 4, and rainproof louvers 11 to the outside of the tunnel. Other normally closed smoke exhaust vents 3 and smoke exhaust fans 1 will remain closed; jet fans 2 and air purification devices 9 will remain closed. See the Fire Condition Smoke Exhaust Equipment Control Operation Table for details.

[0077] It should be noted that the arrangement and related data of carbon monoxide / visibility / nitrogen dioxide (CO / VI / NO2) detectors in the embodiments of this application can refer to the following: "Design Specifications for Highway Tunnels, Volume II: Traffic Engineering and Ancillary Facilities" JTG D70 / 2-2014; "Detailed Design Rules for Ventilation of Highway Tunnels" JTG / T D70 / 2-2014; "Design Specifications for Urban Underground Road Engineering" CJJ221-2015; "Ambient Air Quality Standard" GB3095-2012; "PIARC2019"; and domestic and international actual engineering cases.

[0078] Through the above embodiments and preferred embodiments, a method, apparatus, and tunnel for the combined operation of tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust, and air purification systems are provided. This application's method for the combined operation of tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust, and air purification systems breaks through ambiguity, proposing specific operating parameters and providing practical and reasonable operational control parameters. Secondly, the characteristic of this method is its integrated collaboration. By integrating the control of the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system, they operate collaboratively, resulting in excellent ventilation and smoke exhaust effects. This not only effectively eliminates pollutant concentrations inside and at the tunnel entrance, meeting national standards, but also effectively exhausts smoke in the event of a fire, ensuring safe evacuation of personnel. Thirdly, this application's strategy for the combined operation of tunnel ventilation, smoke exhaust, and air purification systems can save energy and reduce the impact on the power grid. The fans operate in batches at intervals according to the actual pollutant situation, reducing operating power consumption and saving electricity, while avoiding the impact on the power grid caused by all fans operating simultaneously. This invention integrates the tunnel ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system, coordinating their control and proposing specific operating control parameters to obtain the optimal operating strategy while achieving energy conservation.

[0079] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the combined operation of a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system, characterized in that, include: Obtain detection values ​​for pollutants and visibility in the tunnel; Based on the obtained detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time, the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system are controlled to work together. The pollutants include: carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2); Controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work together based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes: The detected value or the detected value satisfies one of the following conditions: CO ≥ 100 ppm, where ppm is the unit, cubic centimeters per cubic meter; Visibility VI ≥ 0.0070 m -1 , where m -1 The unit is per meter; NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm; Multiple jet fans in the tunnel are controlled to open at intervals for ventilation. The air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance and the multiple jet fans, and the pollutants in the tunnel are discharged from the tunnel outlet. The multiple jet fans that are opened at intervals are configured as a preset normal operating condition ventilation equipment control operation configuration. Controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work together based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes: The detected value or the detected value satisfies one of the following conditions: CO ≥ 100 ppm, and ΔCO ≥ 15 ppm for 10 minutes; VI ≥ 0.0070 m -1 And ΔVI≥0.001 m -1 Lasting 10 minutes; NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, and ΔNO2 ≥ 0.05 ppm for 10 minutes; Control the activation of all jet fans among the plurality of jet fans for exhaust ventilation; The air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance and the multiple jet fans, and the pollutants in the tunnel are discharged from the tunnel outlet. Controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work together based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes: After the jet fan is fully operational for a preset time, condition VI ≥ 0.007 m is met. -1 If NO2 ≥ 0.25 ppm, the air purification device is turned on. The air intake of the tunnel passes through the tunnel entrance, the multiple jet fans, the inlet and outlet of the air purification device, and the treated polluted air in the tunnel is discharged sequentially to the tunnel outlet and the outdoor atmosphere. Controlling the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system, and air purification system to work together based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time includes: In the event of a fire in the tunnel, the fire is located in one of the multiple smoke exhaust sections of the tunnel. The normally closed smoke exhaust vent, which is closest to the ignition point of the fire in the smoke exhaust section, is opened, and the smoke exhaust fan in the smoke exhaust section is activated in a chain reaction. The smoke is then exhausted to the outside of the tunnel through the smoke exhaust duct, smoke exhaust shaft, and rainproof louvers. The normally closed smoke exhaust vents and smoke exhaust fans in the multiple smoke exhaust sections remain closed, and the jet fans and air purification devices in the multiple smoke exhaust sections remain closed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: When the tunnel is blocked, all jet fans in the jet fan are turned on. The jet fan and air purification device in the tunnel are turned off during a preset time period.

3. A combined operation device for a tunnel ventilation system, a smoke exhaust system, and an air purification system, wherein the device performs the method described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire detection values ​​of pollutants and / or visibility in the tunnel; The control module is used to control the ventilation system, smoke exhaust system and air purification system to work together based on the acquired detection value or the change of the detection value over a predetermined time.

4. A tunnel, characterized in that, include: Smoke exhaust fan, jet fan, normally closed smoke exhaust outlet, smoke exhaust shaft, NO2 detector, CO detector, visibility detector, wind speed and direction detector, air purification station, smoke exhaust duct, rainproof louvers, and the device for joint operation according to claim 3.

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