A liquid hydrogen gasification hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of liquid hydrogen gasification hydrogen supply methods based on fuel cell power prediction, comprising: when vehicle starts, vehicle power mode is pure electric mode;After vehicle starts, vehicle power mode is converted to hybrid mode;Under the condition that vehicle power mode is hybrid mode, the power of next stage of fuel cell is predicted;According to the power prediction result of fuel cell, control liquid hydrogen storage system adjusts the hydrogen supply amount and heat supply in the process of hydrogen supply system.This application is based on the liquid hydrogen gasification hydrogen supply method of fuel cell power prediction, by short-term power prediction to fuel cell, control liquid hydrogen storage system adjusts the hydrogen supply amount and heat supply in the process of hydrogen supply system, ensure that liquid hydrogen is completely gasified, adjust the hydrogen supply amount of hydrogen supply, to meet the hydrogen demand of fuel cell, reduce hydrogen residual and accumulation in hydrogen supply pipeline and each component, improve the efficiency and safety of liquid hydrogen supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply technology, and in particular to a liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction. Background Technology

[0002] During the start-up and operation phases of a liquid hydrogen storage hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the hydrogen storage system needs to supply the fuel cell engine with suitable gaseous hydrogen. This process involves the control of liquid hydrogen vaporization, hydrogen supply temperature, hydrogen supply pressure, and hydrogen supply quantity.

[0003] Currently, air-cooled vaporizers are mainly used in the vaporization process of liquid hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen enters the vaporizer, and by designing the vaporizer pipeline (usually in a serpentine pattern), the flow time of liquid hydrogen in the pipeline is extended, allowing the liquid hydrogen to come into full contact with the air, thereby achieving the purpose of heat exchange and vaporization. This hydrogen supply scheme has several drawbacks: First, it lacks prediction of fuel cell power, and significant changes in fuel cell power can lead to drastic fluctuations in hydrogen supply and pressure within the system. Furthermore, the rapid increase in hydrogen supply increases the probability of incomplete liquid hydrogen vaporization. Second, it cannot pre-store vaporized hydrogen, making it impossible to maintain stable system pressure and thus hindering a smooth transition in hydrogen supply when fuel cell power changes. Third, vaporization efficiency is highly sensitive to ambient temperature, resulting in incomplete vaporization and the production of mixed gas and liquid hydrogen, which can damage the fuel cell. Fourth, condensation occurs during vaporization, potentially leading to frost or ice formation, which can adversely affect other system components. Fifth, hydrogen supply and temperature are difficult to control; low-temperature hydrogen can damage the pressure regulating valve and fuel cell, while insufficient or excessive supply can affect fuel cell power and consequently impact vehicle operation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a liquid hydrogen gasification hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction to solve the problems in the prior art. This method can ensure complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen while adjusting the amount of hydrogen supplied to meet the hydrogen demand of fuel cells.

[0006] This invention provides a liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction, comprising:

[0007] When the vehicle starts, the vehicle's power mode is pure electric mode, and the vehicle's power is supplied by the power battery;

[0008] During the driving process after the vehicle starts, the vehicle's power mode switches from pure electric mode to hybrid mode, and the vehicle's power is supplied by both the power battery and the fuel cell.

[0009] When the vehicle's power mode is hybrid, predict the power of the fuel cell in the next stage;

[0010] Based on the power prediction results of the fuel cell, the liquid hydrogen storage system is controlled to adjust the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen supply system and the heat supply during the hydrogen supply process.

[0011] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above, preferably, in the vehicle power mode of hybrid mode, the prediction of the power of the fuel cell in the next stage specifically includes:

[0012] The vehicle controller predicts the power of the fuel cell in the next stage based on probabilistic and road spectrum strategies.

[0013] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above preferably includes the vehicle controller predicting the power of the fuel cell in the next stage based on a probabilistic strategy and a road spectrum strategy, specifically including:

[0014] The vehicle controller calculates the probability of the fuel cell's power in the next stage based on the vehicle's operating conditions and the fuel cell's power in the previous stage.

[0015] The vehicle controller obtains the power spectrum calculation results of the fuel cell for the next stage based on the vehicle's operating conditions and the known vehicle road spectrum.

[0016] The vehicle controller fuses the probability calculation results and the road spectrum calculation results to obtain the power prediction results for the next stage of the fuel cell.

[0017] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above preferably includes the vehicle controller obtaining a probability calculation result of the fuel cell's power in the next stage based on the vehicle's operating conditions and the fuel cell's power in the previous stage, specifically including:

[0018] Based on test data and vehicle road test data, a database of fuel cell operating power related to vehicle operating conditions, fuel cell power in the previous stage, and ambient temperature was established in advance.

[0019] When the vehicle is running, the vehicle controller compares and analyzes the received vehicle information and / or vehicle operating condition information with the information in the database.

[0020] Based on the comparative analysis results, the vehicle controller predicts the vehicle's operating status and the fuel cell's power in the next stage.

[0021] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above preferably includes the vehicle controller obtaining the road spectrum calculation results for the next stage power of the fuel cell based on the vehicle operating conditions and the known vehicle road spectrum, specifically including:

[0022] After the vehicle starts, the vehicle controller predicts the vehicle speed change for the next stage based on the current vehicle speed information and the known vehicle road spectrum.

[0023] The vehicle controller predicts the power change of the fuel cell in the next stage based on the vehicle speed prediction result, and obtains the power prediction result corresponding to the vehicle speed prediction result.

[0024] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above, preferably, involves controlling the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply volume and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process according to the fuel cell power prediction results, specifically including:

[0025] The hydrogen storage system controller controls the liquid hydrogen storage system to regulate the hydrogen supply and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process based on the power prediction results of the fuel cell.

[0026] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above, preferably, involves the hydrogen storage system controller controlling the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply volume and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process according to the fuel cell power prediction results. Specifically, this includes:

[0027] The hydrogen storage system controller determines the hydrogen supply demand information, hydrogen supply temperature information, and hydrogen supply pressure information based on the power prediction results, and sends the hydrogen supply demand information to the liquid hydrogen storage system.

[0028] Based on hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information, and ambient temperature information, the waste heat supply of the fuel cell is determined, and based on the waste heat supply of the fuel cell, it is determined whether it is necessary to actively heat the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank through the whole vehicle in order to regulate the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank.

[0029] The liquid hydrogen storage system adjusts the amount of liquid hydrogen supplied to the combined vaporizer based on the hydrogen supply demand information.

[0030] After liquid hydrogen is completely vaporized in the combined vaporizer, it enters the buffer tank. In the buffer tank, the hydrogen supply and / or temperature are regulated by the flow regulating valve, and then the pressure is regulated by the pressure regulating valve before entering the fuel cell engine.

[0031] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above, preferably, involves determining the fuel cell waste heat supply amount based on hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information, and ambient temperature information, and determining whether it is necessary to actively heat the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank through the vehicle to adjust the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank based on the fuel cell waste heat supply amount, specifically including:

[0032] The hydrogen storage system controller monitors ambient temperature information and determines whether the waste heat from the fuel cell can make the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the combined gasifier meet the requirements of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is connected to the combined gasifier to supply the combined gasifier with the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during operation.

[0033] If the conditions are met, the waste heat supply of the fuel cell is determined based on the hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information, and ambient temperature information.

[0034] If this requirement cannot be met, the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank will be actively heated by the entire vehicle to regulate the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank.

[0035] In the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction as described above, preferably, the external heat sources for the complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the composite vaporizer include: heat provided by ambient temperature, waste heat from the water generated after the fuel cell reaction, and active heating if necessary.

[0036] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction described above, preferably, further includes the following: the hydrogen storage system controller controls the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply volume and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process according to the fuel cell power prediction results.

[0037] In the event of a downstream component failure, the liquid hydrogen supply is cut off via a safety shut-off valve, specifically including:

[0038] A safety shut-off valve is installed between the liquid hydrogen storage system and the combined vaporizer;

[0039] During the hydrogen supply process, the hydrogen storage system controller monitors the operating status of all downstream components and feeds back the safety information of each downstream component to the safety shut-off valve.

[0040] In the event of a failure in at least one downstream component, the safety shut-off valve shall be closed to promptly cut off the liquid hydrogen supply.

[0041] This invention provides a liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction. By performing short-term power prediction of the fuel cell, the power change and hydrogen demand of the fuel cell in the next stage are determined. By controlling the external heat during the liquid hydrogen vaporization process, the method ensures complete vaporization of the liquid hydrogen while adjusting the temperature, pressure, and supply quantity of hydrogen to meet the fuel cell's hydrogen requirements. This results in more accurate hydrogen supply, reducing hydrogen residue and accumulation in the supply pipeline and components, and improving the efficiency and safety of the liquid hydrogen supply. Through fuel cell power prediction, the liquid hydrogen storage system provides a certain lead time for liquid hydrogen supply. The buffer tank can store this hydrogen, allowing for timely supply when the fuel cell power changes, reducing flow and pressure fluctuations in the hydrogen supply system. Simultaneously, the buffer tank can control and regulate the hydrogen state, ensuring that hydrogen enters the fuel cell at appropriate temperature and pressure, reducing cold start and allowing the fuel cell to enter operating status quickly. The liquid hydrogen vaporization scheme provided by this invention ensures more complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer. Higher vaporization efficiency effectively prevents the generation of hydrogen mixtures between low-temperature hydrogen and liquid gas, thus preventing the adverse effects of condensation, frost, or icing on other components of the vehicle system. While fully utilizing ambient heat, it also reuses waste heat from the hydrogen reaction in the fuel cell engine, improving the fuel cell's hydrogen utilization rate. Simultaneously, based on the ambient temperature, it determines whether the fuel cell's waste heat is sufficient to supply hydrogen at the vaporizer outlet to meet the fuel cell's requirements, deciding whether to provide additional heating to ensure the hydrogen temperature in the buffer tank meets the fuel cell's needs. It can actively control the external heat supply; in low-temperature environments, it can increase the heat supply to provide hydrogen at a suitable temperature to the fuel cell, thereby reducing damage to components such as the proton exchange membrane and catalyst layer during cold starts and extending the fuel cell's lifespan. A safety shut-off valve cuts off the hydrogen supply to the liquid hydrogen storage system in case of downstream component failure, reducing the accident rate and effectively improving the safety performance of both the liquid hydrogen storage and supply systems, enhancing the safety of hydrogen storage and supply. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0043] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A logic diagram of an embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary heat supply process in the liquid hydrogen vaporization process of an embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction provided by the present invention.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Liquid hydrogen storage system, 2-Safety shut-off valve, 3-Combined vaporizer, 4-Buffer tank, 5-Flow regulating valve, 6-Pressure regulating valve, 7-Fuel cell. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The descriptions of the exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and are in no way intended to limit the present disclosure or its application or use. The present disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully express the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of components and steps, the composition of materials, numerical expressions, and values ​​set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as exemplary only and not as limiting.

[0048] The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. Terms such as “including” or “contains” mean that the element preceding the term encompasses the element listed after it, and do not exclude the possibility of encompassing other elements as well. Terms such as “above” and “below” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, this relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0049] In this disclosure, when a specific component is described as being located between a first component and a second component, an intermediary component may or may not be present between the specific component and the first or second component. When a specific component is described as connecting to other components, the specific component may be directly connected to the other components without having an intermediary component, or it may not be directly connected to the other components but may have an intermediary component.

[0050] All terms used in this disclosure (including technical or scientific terms) have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in a general dictionary, such as a dictionary, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and not as having an idealized or highly formalized meaning, unless expressly defined herein.

[0051] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction provided in this embodiment includes the following steps in actual implementation:

[0053] Step S1: When the vehicle is started, the vehicle power mode is pure electric mode, and the power of the whole vehicle is supplied by the power battery.

[0054] Step S2: During the driving process after the vehicle starts, the vehicle's power mode changes from pure electric mode to hybrid mode, and the power of the whole vehicle is supplied by the power battery and the fuel cell.

[0055] After the vehicle starts, as the vehicle speed increases, the power demand of the whole vehicle increases, and the power is supplied by both the power battery and the fuel cell, that is, the power mode changes from pure electric mode to hybrid mode.

[0056] Step S3: With the vehicle's power mode in hybrid mode, predict the power of the fuel cell in the next stage.

[0057] In this invention, the vehicle control unit (VCU) predicts the power of the fuel cell in the next stage based on a probabilistic strategy and a road spectrum strategy. In one embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction of this invention, step S3 may specifically include:

[0058] Step S31: The vehicle controller obtains the probability calculation result of the next stage power of the fuel cell based on the vehicle operating conditions and the power of the fuel cell in the previous stage.

[0059] In one embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction of the present invention, step S31 may specifically include:

[0060] Step S311: Based on the test data and vehicle road test data, establish a database in advance of the fuel cell operating power related to vehicle operating conditions, fuel cell power in the previous stage, and ambient temperature.

[0061] Step S312: When the vehicle is running, the vehicle controller compares and analyzes the received vehicle information and / or vehicle operating condition information with the information in the database.

[0062] Step S313: Based on the comparison and analysis results, the vehicle controller predicts the vehicle's operating status and the fuel cell's power in the next stage.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, during the vehicle start-up phase, i.e. before the vehicle starts, when there is no vehicle operating condition information, the hydrogen storage system controller (HMS) receives ambient temperature information and fuel cell engine power, and combines this with road test data of the test vehicle to predict the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell, thereby controlling the hydrogen supply of the liquid hydrogen storage system and the hydrogen supply temperature of the buffer tank.

[0064] During vehicle operation, that is, after the vehicle starts, the vehicle controller receives road condition information and, together with information such as vehicle operating conditions, fuel cell engine power, and ambient temperature, predicts the power change of the fuel cell in the next stage, thereby adjusting the hydrogen supply of the liquid hydrogen storage system.

[0065] Step S32: The vehicle controller obtains the road spectrum calculation results of the next stage power of the fuel cell based on the vehicle operating conditions and the known vehicle road spectrum.

[0066] A road spectrum refers to all data recorded during vehicle operation, including vehicle speed, total vehicle power, and time, from start-up and acceleration to driving, deceleration, and stopping. This data is then processed to create a curve graph of vehicle speed, power, and other parameters over time. In one embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction of the present invention, step S32 may specifically include:

[0067] Step S321: After the vehicle starts, the vehicle controller predicts the vehicle speed change for the next stage based on the current vehicle speed information and the known vehicle road spectrum.

[0068] Step S322: The vehicle controller predicts the power change of the fuel cell in the next stage based on the vehicle speed prediction result for the next stage, and obtains the power prediction result corresponding to the vehicle speed prediction result.

[0069] Step S33: The vehicle controller fuses the probability calculation results and the road spectrum calculation results to obtain the power prediction results for the next stage of the fuel cell.

[0070] In the specific implementation, the two prediction results, probability calculation result and road spectrum calculation result, are integrated to obtain the final prediction result, which is then output as the power prediction signal for the next stage of the fuel cell.

[0071] Taking urban buses, which are currently widely used in China, as an example, their operating data and road spectrum data are known. When the vehicle is running, if the current speed is 10 km / h and the vehicle is accelerating, the vehicle controller receives this information and simultaneously collects information such as road conditions and temperature to determine whether the vehicle will continue to accelerate in the next stage. Combining this with the road spectrum data, it predicts that the speed in the next stage will reach 15 km / h. After making the prediction, the vehicle controller calculates the power demand of the fuel cell at this speed and transmits the signal to the hydrogen storage system controller (HMS). The HMS then adjusts the hydrogen supply and heat supply according to this signal so that the hydrogen in the buffer tank meets the power demand of the fuel cell at a speed of 15 km / h.

[0072] This invention proposes a short-term prediction scheme for fuel cell power by comprehensively analyzing vehicle operating conditions, road conditions, environmental information, and the current power information of the fuel cell. This allows the liquid hydrogen storage system to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell in advance, enabling a faster response to changes in fuel cell power. It also facilitates more precise hydrogen supply, avoids drastic changes in hydrogen flow and pressure in the hydrogen supply pipeline, and improves the utilization rate of hydrogen and the service life and safety performance of various components in the hydrogen supply system.

[0073] Step S4: Based on the power prediction results of the fuel cell, control the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply of the hydrogen supply system and the heat supply during the hydrogen supply process.

[0074] A liquid hydrogen storage system is a system that cools hydrogen to -253°C, storing it in a liquid state in a high-vacuum insulated container, and provides hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell when needed. In this invention, the hydrogen storage system controller (HMS) controls the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process based on the fuel cell power prediction results. In some embodiments of this invention, the liquid hydrogen storage system is a liquid hydrogen storage tank. During vehicle operation after startup, the driver adjusts the vehicle speed according to the specific driving conditions. The vehicle controller controls the vehicle power supply, including the power battery supply and the fuel cell supply, based on speed change commands and information such as vehicle load and road conditions, thereby determining the fuel cell power demand. Currently, the operating power of fuel cells is mostly changed in a step-by-step manner. The surplus / insufficient power is supplemented by the charging / discharging of the power battery. The step-by-step power supply refers to the phased adjustment of the output power of the fuel cell according to the power demand. For example, if the current output power of the fuel cell is 20kW, and a signal of power demand of 31kW (or 29kW) is received, the fuel cell will adjust the power output to 30kW. The insufficient (or excessive) power will be supplemented by the discharging (charging) of the power battery.

[0075] After determining the power requirements of the fuel cell, the present invention uses a hydrogen storage system controller (HMS) to control the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process, ensuring that the hydrogen stored in buffer tank 4 meets the required supply and temperature requirements of the fuel cell. Simultaneously, based on the predicted power of the fuel cell in the next stage, the hydrogen supply and heat supply are continuously adjusted to ensure that the hydrogen stored in buffer tank 4 always meets the fuel cell's needs. Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction of the present invention, step S4 may specifically include:

[0076] Step S41: The hydrogen storage system controller determines the hydrogen supply demand information, hydrogen supply temperature information, and hydrogen supply pressure information based on the power prediction results, and sends the hydrogen supply demand information to the liquid hydrogen storage system 1.

[0077] Step S42: Based on the hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information and ambient temperature information, determine the waste heat supply of the fuel cell, and determine whether it is necessary to actively heat the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank 4 through the whole vehicle to adjust the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank 4 based on the waste heat supply of the fuel cell.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, the buffer tank 4 is located between the combined vaporizer 3 and the fuel cell 7, used to store a small amount of vaporized hydrogen. Simultaneously, it adjusts the temperature, pressure, and supply quantity of hydrogen via HMS signal control to meet the fuel cell's requirements. In one embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction of the present invention, step S42 may specifically include:

[0079] Step S421: The hydrogen storage system controller monitors the ambient temperature information and determines whether the waste heat from the fuel cell can make the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the composite gasifier 3 meet the requirements of the fuel cell. The fuel cell 7 is connected to the composite gasifier 3 to supply the composite gasifier 3 with the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during operation.

[0080] Step S422: If the conditions are met, determine the waste heat supply of the fuel cell based on the hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information, and ambient temperature information.

[0081] Step S423: If the condition cannot be met, the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank 4 is actively heated by the whole vehicle to adjust the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank 4.

[0082] In practice, active heating can be achieved by controlling components such as motors.

[0083] In summary, in this invention, the hydrogen storage system controller controls the waste heat supply valve based on the ambient temperature information to determine the amount of waste heat supplied to the fuel cell 7. At the same time, it calculates whether the heat provided by the waste heat can meet the power requirements of the fuel cell. If not, it controls the motor and other components to actively provide heat, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the vaporized hydrogen meets the requirements of the fuel cell.

[0084] Step S43: The liquid hydrogen storage system 1 adjusts the liquid hydrogen supply entering the composite gasifier 3 according to the hydrogen supply demand information.

[0085] In this invention, the liquid hydrogen storage system 1 adjusts the liquid hydrogen supply based on the hydrogen supply demand information signal provided by the hydrogen storage system controller (HMS).

[0086] Step S44: After liquid hydrogen is completely vaporized in the composite vaporizer 3, it enters the buffer tank 4. In the buffer tank 4, the hydrogen supply and / or temperature are regulated by the flow regulating valve 5, and then the pressure is regulated by the pressure regulating valve 6 before entering the engine of the fuel cell 7.

[0087] A liquid hydrogen vaporizer is a device that vaporizes liquid hydrogen from a liquid hydrogen storage system by providing heat. Depending on the heating method, it can be classified as an ambient temperature vaporizer, an open-rack vaporizer, or an intermediate medium vaporizer. This invention uses a composite vaporizer to vaporize liquid hydrogen. The external heat sources for the complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the composite vaporizer 3 include: heat provided by the ambient temperature, waste heat from the water generated after the fuel cell reaction, and active heating when necessary, thereby ensuring complete vaporization of the liquid hydrogen in the composite vaporizer.

[0088] In summary, the Hydrogen Storage System Controller (HMS) determines the required hydrogen supply, temperature, and pressure for the fuel cell based on the predicted fuel cell power demand. Simultaneously, it monitors ambient temperature, controls the fuel cell waste heat supply, and determines whether the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank 4 requires active heating from the vehicle to meet the fuel cell's temperature requirements. Specifically, the temperature is jointly controlled by the combined vaporizer 3 and the buffer tank 4. In the combined vaporizer 3, liquid hydrogen flows through the pipeline and exchanges heat with the external environment. By controlling the external heat, the liquid hydrogen is completely vaporized and reaches a suitable temperature range. In the buffer tank 4, the temperature and supply of gaseous hydrogen are regulated to meet the different needs of the fuel cell during startup and operation. The hydrogen pressure is controlled using the pressure regulating valve 6 to meet the fuel cell's requirements.

[0089] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction of the present invention, step S4 may further include:

[0090] Step S45: In the event of a failure in a downstream component, the liquid hydrogen supply is cut off via a safety shut-off valve.

[0091] In one embodiment of the liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction of the present invention, step S45 may specifically include:

[0092] Step S451: Install a safety shut-off valve 2 between the liquid hydrogen storage system and the composite vaporizer.

[0093] Step S452: During the hydrogen supply process, the hydrogen storage system controller monitors the working status of all downstream components and feeds back the safety information of each downstream component to the safety shut-off valve 2.

[0094] Step S453: In the event of a failure in at least one downstream component, close the safety shut-off valve to cut off the liquid hydrogen supply in a timely manner.

[0095] In this invention, a safety shut-off valve 2 is installed between the liquid hydrogen storage system and the vaporizer. Controlled by an HMS signal, it cuts off the liquid hydrogen supply when components such as the fuel cell engine malfunction, thereby reducing the accident rate. In a specific implementation, the hydrogen storage system controller simultaneously monitors the operating status of all downstream components. If a fault occurs at any stage, the safety shut-off valve immediately cuts off the hydrogen supply to the liquid hydrogen storage system, thus reducing the accident rate and improving the safety of hydrogen storage and supply.

[0096] The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction provided in this invention predicts the power of the fuel cell in the short term to determine the power change and hydrogen demand of the fuel cell in the next stage. By controlling the external heat during the liquid hydrogen vaporization process, it ensures complete vaporization of the liquid hydrogen while adjusting the temperature, pressure, and supply quantity of the hydrogen to meet the fuel cell's hydrogen requirements. This more accurate hydrogen supply reduces hydrogen residue and accumulation in the supply pipeline and components, improving the efficiency and safety of the liquid hydrogen supply. Through fuel cell power prediction, the liquid hydrogen storage system provides a certain lead time for liquid hydrogen supply. The buffer tank can store this hydrogen, allowing for timely supply when the fuel cell power changes, reducing flow and pressure fluctuations in the hydrogen supply system. Simultaneously, the buffer tank can control and regulate the hydrogen state, ensuring that hydrogen enters the fuel cell at appropriate temperature and pressure, reducing cold start and allowing the fuel cell to enter working condition as quickly as possible. The liquid hydrogen vaporization scheme provided by this invention ensures more complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer. Higher vaporization efficiency effectively prevents the generation of hydrogen mixtures between low-temperature hydrogen and liquid gas, thus preventing the adverse effects of condensation, frost, or icing on other components of the vehicle system. While fully utilizing ambient heat, it also reuses waste heat from the hydrogen reaction in the fuel cell engine, improving the fuel cell's hydrogen utilization rate. Simultaneously, based on the ambient temperature, it determines whether the waste heat from the fuel cell can maintain the hydrogen temperature at the vaporizer outlet to meet the fuel cell's requirements, deciding whether to provide additional heating to ensure the hydrogen temperature in the buffer tank meets the fuel cell's needs. It can actively control the external heat supply; in low-temperature environments, it can increase the heat supply to provide hydrogen at a suitable temperature to the fuel cell, thereby reducing damage to components such as the proton exchange membrane and catalyst layer during cold starts and extending the fuel cell's lifespan. Through a safety shut-off valve, it cuts off the hydrogen supply to the liquid hydrogen storage system in the event of a downstream component failure, thereby reducing the accident rate and effectively improving the safety performance of both the liquid hydrogen storage and supply systems, enhancing the safety of hydrogen storage and supply.

[0097] The embodiments of this disclosure have now been described in detail. To avoid obscuring the concept of this disclosure, some details known in the art have not been described. Those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions disclosed herein based on the above description.

[0098] While specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. The scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for supplying hydrogen through liquid hydrogen vaporization based on fuel cell power prediction, characterized in that, include: When the vehicle starts, the vehicle's power mode is pure electric mode, and the vehicle's power is supplied by the power battery; During the driving process after the vehicle starts, the vehicle's power mode switches from pure electric mode to hybrid mode, and the vehicle's power is supplied by both the power battery and the fuel cell. When the vehicle's power mode is hybrid, the vehicle controller predicts the power of the fuel cell in the next stage based on power strategy and road spectrum strategy. Based on the probabilistic prediction results of the fuel cell, the liquid hydrogen storage system is controlled to regulate the hydrogen supply rate and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process. The vehicle controller predicts the power of the fuel cell in the next stage based on power strategy and road spectrum strategy, specifically including: The vehicle controller calculates the power of the fuel cell for the next stage based on the vehicle's operating conditions and the fuel cell's power output in the previous stage. It pre-establishes a database of fuel cell operating power based on vehicle operating conditions, the previous stage power output of the fuel cell, and ambient temperature, using test data and vehicle road test data. During vehicle operation, the vehicle controller compares and analyzes the received vehicle operating condition information with the information in the database. Based on the comparison and analysis results, the vehicle controller predicts the vehicle's operating status and the fuel cell's power output for the next stage. The vehicle controller calculates the power of the fuel cell in the next stage based on the vehicle's operating conditions and the known vehicle road spectrum. After the vehicle starts, the vehicle controller predicts the vehicle speed change in the next stage based on the current vehicle speed information and the known vehicle road spectrum. Based on the vehicle speed prediction result in the next stage, the vehicle controller predicts the power change of the fuel cell in the next stage and obtains the power prediction result corresponding to the vehicle speed prediction result. The vehicle controller integrates the power calculation results and the road spectrum calculation results to obtain the power prediction results for the next stage of the fuel cell.

2. The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of controlling the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process based on the probability prediction results of the fuel cell specifically includes: The hydrogen storage system controller controls the liquid hydrogen storage system to regulate the hydrogen supply and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process based on the probability prediction results of the fuel cell.

3. The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage system controller, based on the probability prediction results of the fuel cell, controls the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply volume and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process, specifically including: The hydrogen storage system controller determines the hydrogen supply demand information, hydrogen supply temperature information, and hydrogen supply pressure information based on the probability prediction results, and sends the hydrogen supply demand information to the liquid hydrogen storage system. Based on hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information, and ambient temperature information, the waste heat supply of the fuel cell is determined, and based on the waste heat supply of the fuel cell, it is determined whether it is necessary to actively heat the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank through the whole vehicle in order to regulate the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank. The liquid hydrogen storage system adjusts the amount of liquid hydrogen supplied to the combined vaporizer based on the hydrogen supply demand information. After liquid hydrogen is completely vaporized in the combined vaporizer, it enters the buffer tank. In the buffer tank, the hydrogen supply and / or temperature are regulated by the flow regulating valve, and then the pressure is regulated by the pressure regulating valve before entering the fuel cell engine.

4. The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of determining the waste heat supply of the fuel cell based on hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information, and ambient temperature information, and determining whether it is necessary to actively heat the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank through the entire vehicle to regulate the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank, specifically includes: The hydrogen storage system controller monitors ambient temperature information and determines whether the waste heat from the fuel cell can make the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the combined gasifier meet the requirements of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is connected to the combined gasifier to supply the combined gasifier with the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during operation. If the conditions are met, the waste heat supply of the fuel cell is determined based on the hydrogen supply temperature information, hydrogen supply pressure information, and ambient temperature information. If this requirement cannot be met, the gaseous hydrogen entering the buffer tank will be actively heated by the entire vehicle to regulate the hydrogen supply temperature entering the buffer tank.

5. The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction according to claim 4, characterized in that, The external heat sources for the complete vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the combined vaporizer include: heat provided by ambient temperature, waste heat generated in the water after the fuel cell reaction, and active heating.

6. The liquid hydrogen vaporization hydrogen supply method based on fuel cell power prediction according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage system controller, based on the probability prediction results of the fuel cell, controls the liquid hydrogen storage system to adjust the hydrogen supply volume and heat supply during the hydrogen supply process, and also includes: In the event of a downstream component failure, the liquid hydrogen supply is cut off via a safety shut-off valve, specifically including: A safety shut-off valve is installed between the liquid hydrogen storage system and the combined vaporizer; During the hydrogen supply process, the hydrogen storage system controller monitors the operating status of all downstream components and feeds back the safety information of each downstream component to the safety shut-off valve. In the event of a failure in at least one downstream component, the safety shut-off valve shall be closed to promptly cut off the liquid hydrogen supply.

Images