A shaped charge jet blasting device

Abstract

The application discloses a shaped particle jet flow blasting device, adopts a specific shaped blasting tube structure, the existence of a notch realizes the effect of one side of surrounding rock crushing and one side of surrounding rock being complete, meanwhile, the application adds solid and liquid media as a blasting coupling agent through a solid-liquid medium loading bag, forms three-phase coupling medium particle jet flow blasting, greatly improves the energy transmission efficiency, directly participates in the generation and maintenance of directional cracks, and makes the solid-liquid medium in the form of particle-carrying jet flow impact the rock to make it produce damage, achieves the double excitation effect of directional fracture and half edge fragmentation, can offset the adverse effect of energy diversion, realizes that the generated blasting impact force reaches the tens of times of traditional shaped blasting through higher energy utilization rate, finally realizes the shaped effect of high depth, high forming degree, high smoothness and half edge fragmentation, and can effectively reduce the amount of explosives.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a shaped charge particle jet blasting device, belonging to the field of mine directional blasting technology. Background Technology

[0002] Targeted blasting has wide applications in various fields requiring directional rock fracturing, such as mining areas, tunnels, and subways. Currently, the main types used are bidirectional shaped charge tensile blasting and shaped charge hydraulic blasting. The primary method involves concentrating the blast energy through a shaped charge tube to create directional cracks, which are then expanded through tension to treat the rock. This method utilizes the characteristic of rock having high compressive strength but low tensile strength; by concentrating tensile stress in the shaped charge direction, cracks are created, achieving the effect of directional blasting. Currently, bidirectional shaped charge tensile blasting utilizes the shock wave and explosive gas generated by the explosive through a shaped charge device to achieve directional blasting, while shaped charge hydraulic blasting adds the effect of high-pressure water jets. However, although both methods can achieve a certain directional blasting effect, their blasting force is limited. Further improving the blasting effect is a research direction within the industry.

[0003] Furthermore, current shaped charge blasting technology focuses more on producing a smoother and more stable shaped charge effect, resulting in relatively intact rock on both sides after directional cracks are created. However, in engineering practice, it has been found that sometimes (such as pre-splitting of hard roof in coal mine goaf-side roadways, slope excavation, and tunnel excavation) only requires protection of the surrounding rock on one side, while the rock on the other side needs to be broken. Under such conditions, continuing to use traditional bidirectional shaped charge blasting will result in the rock mass that needs to be broken not being sufficiently fragmented, producing large pieces of gravel or even no damage at all.

[0004] Therefore, the research direction of this industry is to provide a new device that, under the same charge, has a better directional blasting effect than existing blasting tubes, thereby effectively reducing the amount of explosives used, while protecting the surrounding rock on one side and breaking the rock on the other side during blasting, thus facilitating subsequent construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a shaped charge particle jet blasting device that, under the same charge amount, has a better directional blasting effect than existing blasting tubes, thereby effectively reducing the amount of explosives used. At the same time, it can protect the surrounding rock on one side during blasting and has a crushing effect on the rock on the other side, thus facilitating subsequent construction.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a shaped energy particle jet blasting device, comprising a shaped energy blasting tube body, a shaped energy blasting structure, a solid-liquid medium container bag, and multiple strip buckles;

[0007] A notch is made in one side of the shaped charge tube, making its cross-section C-shaped (i.e., an open arc). There are two shaped charge structures, symmetrically arranged on the shaped charge tubes on both sides of the notch, with the center lines of the two structures and the center line of the shaped charge tubes in the same plane. Multiple strip-shaped buckles are evenly spaced above the notch, with both ends of the buckles connected to the shaped charge tubes on both sides of the notch, for controlling the opening degree of the notch.

[0008] The shaped charge blasting tube contains explosives and multiple solid-liquid medium containers, all located within the tube, with the explosives positioned between them. Each container has one or two cavities. A single cavity holds a solid-liquid coupling medium, facilitating thorough mixing of the solid and liquid media. Two cavities contain a solid medium in one and a liquid medium in the other, simplifying operation. When the explosive detonates, the containers shatter, allowing the solid and liquid media to escape from the shaped charge blasting structure and openings within the tube, thus directionally blasting the surrounding rock mass.

[0009] Preferably, the shaped charge blasting structure is one of a point-type shaped charge structure, a linear shaped charge structure, and a point-line combination shaped charge structure. The point-type shaped charge structure consists of multiple shaped charge holes arranged in a straight line at equal intervals, with this line parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube. In this method, the energy generated during blasting is focused and impacts the rock mass through these small holes in a "point" manner. The linear shaped charge structure consists of multiple shaped charge slots arranged in a straight line at equal intervals, where the charge slots are strip-shaped holes, and this line is parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube. In this method, the energy generated during blasting is focused and impacts the rock mass through the slots on the tube wall in a "linear" manner, and this method is easy to manufacture in a factory. The point-line combination shaped charge structure consists of multiple shaped charge holes and multiple shaped charge slots arranged alternately in a straight line, with this line parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube. This method combines the advantages of the high concentration of energy generated by the point-type structure and the ease of manufacturing of the linear structure.

[0010] Furthermore, etched lines are set along the center of each shaped charge hole on the inner cavity and outer surface of the shaped charge blasting tube to help the shaped charge blasting tube form an angle during blasting, making the energy distribution released in the shaped charge direction more linear.

[0011] Furthermore, the shaped charge blasting tube can be circular or elliptical. If it is elliptical, the notch is located on the minor axis of the elliptical tube, and both shaped charge blasting structures are located on the major axis of the elliptical inner cavity, making the major axis of the elliptical tube the direction of shaped charge. Both of these tube shapes can achieve directional blasting effects; the specific choice depends on the actual drilling conditions.

[0012] Furthermore, the shaped charge tube body is provided with multiple protrusions, and the strip-shaped buckle is connected to the shaped charge tube body through connecting holes at both ends of the strip-shaped buckle that engage with the protrusions. This connection method facilitates quick connection between the strip-shaped buckle and the shaped charge tube body.

[0013] Furthermore, if both solid-liquid medium containers have two cavities, when they are installed in the shaped charge bursting tube, either the liquid cavity or the solid cavity should be closer to the explosive. Both methods can ensure the blasting effect, but it is necessary to ensure that both solid-liquid medium containers simultaneously have either their liquid or solid cavities close to the explosive to guarantee the directional fracturing effect.

[0014] Furthermore, the diameter of each focusing hole is 1 / 7 to 1 / 11 of the diameter of a circular tube or the major axis of an elliptical tube. The distance between adjacent focusing holes is 3 to 5 times the diameter of the focusing hole, and the circular diameter of the outer surface of the focusing tube is 6 to 8 mm smaller than the diameter of the borehole. These parameters allow energy to be better concentrated in the focusing direction during blasting. The shape of the focusing hole can be any one of a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a rhomboid hole, or a regular hexagonal hole, selected according to actual needs.

[0015] Furthermore, T-shaped grooves are provided on the walls of both ends of the shaped charge tube. Adjacent shaped charge tubes are secured within these T-shaped grooves using I-shaped connecting tenons, achieving a coaxial connection. When using this connection structure, the tube is aligned with the side of the T-shaped groove and then slid in until fully embedded. The connection between the tenon and the T-shaped groove facilitates adjustment of the charge tube position and ensures greater structural stability during placement, preventing slippage. When placed in a downward-facing borehole, it also prevents the lower shaped charge tube from detaching from the upper shaped charge tube due to gravity during adjustment.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of solid to liquid in the solid-liquid coupling medium is 1:(4-6). This further improves the shaped charge blasting effect.

[0017] Furthermore, the liquid medium is water or brine with added inorganic salts; the solid medium is a high-strength, granular solid material. The greater the strength of the solid medium, the greater the dynamic impact capability during blasting and the stronger the ability to prevent cracks from closing. Considering cost, the strength of the solid medium is not less than 70 MPa.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, this invention adopts a combination of a shaped-charge bursting tube, a shaped-charge bursting structure, a solid-liquid medium container bag, and multiple strip buckles, which has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. The shaped charge blasting tube of the present invention has a notch on one side, forming a C-shaped structure. This structure can protect the surrounding rock on one side during blasting and break the rock on the other side. Through the notch and the adjustment of the opening degree of the notch by multiple strip buckles, it is ensured that the energy and shock wave generated during the explosion can directly act on the rock mass on the side to be broken, reducing the protective effect on the rock. At the same time, the shaped charge structure can realize directional blasting to generate cracks in the shaped charge direction. The two are carried out simultaneously, and finally, the effect of the rock mass on one side is intact and the rock mass on the other side is broken is achieved along the shaped charge direction as the interface.

[0020] 2. Due to the specific shaped charge blasting tube structure of this invention, the energy flow in this invention differs from that of traditional shaped charge blasting tubes. The presence of a gap achieves the effect of breaking the surrounding rock on one side while keeping the surrounding rock intact on the other. However, because some energy is used for impact-breaking the surrounding rock, the effect of shaped charge blasting in creating cracks is somewhat weakened. Therefore, this invention uses a solid-liquid medium carrier bag to add solid and liquid media as blasting coupling agents, forming a three-phase coupled medium particle jet blasting, which greatly improves the energy transfer efficiency. It directly participates in the generation and maintenance of directional cracks, while the solid and liquid media within impact the rock in the form of a particle-carrying jet, causing damage. This achieves a dual excitation effect of directional fracture and half-side fragmentation, which can offset the adverse effects of energy diversion. Through higher energy utilization, the generated blasting impact force reaches more than ten times that of traditional shaped charge blasting, ultimately achieving a shaped charge effect with high depth, high shape, high smoothness, and half-side fragmentation, while effectively reducing the amount of explosives used.

[0021] 3. The shaped charge particle jet blasting of this invention utilizes a solid-liquid-gas three-phase coupled medium for energy transfer. In particular, the addition of high-strength solid particles significantly enhances the blasting power; field tests show that it can reduce explosive usage by more than 22% compared to traditional blasting. The high-speed dynamic impact of the high-strength solid particle medium, the liquid wedge effect of the high-pressure fluid jet formed by the liquid medium, the detonation wave effect of the explosive, and the gas wedge effect of the high-pressure gas flow work together to fracture the coal and rock mass. Simultaneously, the solid particles maintain the fractured state and prevent closure. Compared to traditional explosive blasting, which mainly relies on detonation waves and high-energy gas rock-breaking action, this technology can exert a quadruple effect: "detonation wave (generated by explosive) + high-speed particle impact (generated by solid medium) + high-pressure water jet (generated by liquid medium) + high-energy gas fracturing (generated by explosive)". Furthermore, the solid particles can maintain the fractured state. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view;

[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The left view;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the linear energy-concentrating structure in this invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the point-line combination energy-concentrating structure in this invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the strip buckle structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the I-shaped connecting tenon structure in this invention;

[0030] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 The left view;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking principle of the shaped charge particle jet blasting of this invention;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the solid-liquid medium packaging bag as a single cavity in this invention;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the solid-liquid medium packaging bag in this invention, which is assembled with two cavities.

[0034] (a) indicates that the solid medium is closer to the explosive; (b) indicates that the liquid medium is closer to the explosive.

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of multiple shaped charge blasting tubes coaxially connected in this invention;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the present invention to cut through a hardened roof without blasting.

[0037] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 Sectional view along axis AA;

[0038] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the hardened roof cutting and blasting process using the present invention;

[0039] Figure 17yes Figure 16 BB-direction sectional view;

[0040] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention, which is arranged inside the slit hole in preparation for detonation.

[0041] In the diagram: 1- shaped charge blasting tube, 2- shaped charge hole, 3- engraved line, 4- T-shaped groove, 5- I-shaped connecting tenon, 6- strip buckle, 7- solid-liquid medium container bag, 8- explosive, 9- detonator, 10- solid medium, 11- liquid medium, 12- solid-liquid coupling medium, 13- shaped charge trough, 14- roof plate, 15- slit hole, 16- coal wall, 17- gangue retaining net, 18- floor plate, 19- detonation device. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described below.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention includes a shaped charge bursting tube body 1, a shaped charge bursting structure, a solid-liquid medium container bag 7, and multiple strip buckles 6;

[0044] A notch is made in one side of the shaped charge blasting tube 1, making its cross-section C-shaped (i.e., an open arc). Two shaped charge blasting structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the notch on the shaped charge blasting tube 1, and the centerlines of the two structures are on the same plane as the centerline of the shaped charge blasting tube 1. Multiple strip-shaped buckles 6 are evenly spaced above the notch. The shaped charge blasting tube 1 has multiple protrusions, such as... Figure 7As shown, the strip-shaped buckle 6 is connected to the shaped charge blasting tube 1 via connecting holes and protrusions at both ends of the strip-shaped buckle 6. This connection method facilitates quick connection between the strip-shaped buckle 6 and the shaped charge blasting tube 1, and is used to control the opening degree of the notch. The shaped charge blasting structure is one of the following: a point-type shaped charge blasting structure, a line-type shaped charge blasting structure, and a point-line combination shaped charge blasting structure. The point-type shaped charge blasting structure consists of multiple shaped charge holes 2 arranged in a straight line at equal intervals, and this line is parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube 1. In this way, the energy generated during blasting is focused and impacts the rock mass in a "point" form through these small holes. At each shaped charge hole 2, engraved lines 3 are set along the center of each shaped charge hole 2 on the inner cavity and outer surface of the shaped charge blasting tube 1 to assist the shaped charge blasting tube 1 in forming an angle during blasting, making the energy distribution released in the focused direction more linear. In addition, the diameter of each shaped charge hole 2 is 1 / 7 to 1 / 11 of the diameter of a circular tube or the major axis of an elliptical tube. The distance between adjacent focusing holes 2 is 3 to 5 times the diameter of the focusing hole 2, and the circular diameter of the outer surface of the focusing tube is 6 to 8 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole; using the above parameters allows energy to be better concentrated in the focusing direction during blasting. The shape of the focusing hole 2 can be any one of a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a rhomboid hole, and a regular hexagonal hole, selected according to actual needs.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, the linear energy-concentrating structure consists of multiple energy-concentrating slots 13 arranged in a straight line at equal intervals. Each energy-concentrating slot 13 is a strip-shaped hole, and the straight line is parallel to the axis of the energy-concentrating blasting tube 1. In this method, the energy generated during blasting is concentrated through the slots on the tube wall and impacts the rock mass in a "straight line," and this method is convenient for factory processing. Figure 6 As shown, the point-line combination shaped charge structure consists of multiple shaped charge holes 2 and multiple shaped charge slots 13 arranged alternately in a straight line, with this straight line parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube 1. This method combines the advantages of the high concentration of energy in the "point" type and the ease of processing in the "line" type. The shaped charge blasting tube 1 is either circular or elliptical. If it is elliptical, the notch is located on the minor axis of the elliptical tube, and both shaped charge blasting structures are located on the major axis of the elliptical inner cavity, making the major axis of the elliptical tube the direction of energy blasting. Both of these tube shapes can achieve directional blasting effects; the specific choice depends on the actual drilling conditions.

[0046] The shaped charge blasting tube 1 contains explosive 8 and multiple solid-liquid medium carrying bags 7, all of which are located within the shaped charge blasting tube 1, positioning the explosive 8 among the multiple solid-liquid medium carrying bags 7. Each solid-liquid medium carrying bag 7 has one or two cavities, such as... Figure 11As shown, if there is one cavity, it contains a solid-liquid coupling medium 12. This solid-liquid mixing facilitates the thorough mixing of the solid medium 10 and the liquid medium 11. If there are two cavities, one cavity contains the solid medium 10 and the other cavity contains the liquid medium 11. This solid-liquid separation is simpler in actual operation. The mass ratio of solid to liquid in the solid-liquid coupling medium 12 is 1:(4-6). This can further improve the shaped charge blasting effect. The liquid medium 11 is water or brine with added inorganic salts; the solid medium 10 is a high-strength, granular solid material. The greater the strength of the solid medium 10, the greater the dynamic impact capability during blasting and the stronger the ability to prevent crack closure. Considering cost, the strength of the solid medium 10 is not less than 70MPa. When the explosive is detonated, it can break the solid-liquid medium container 7, allowing the solid medium 10 and liquid medium 11 to be ejected from the shaped charge blasting structure and the gap into the shaped charge blasting tube 1 for directional blasting of the surrounding rock mass.

[0047] As an improvement to the present invention, such as Figure 12 As shown, if both solid-liquid medium containers 7 have two cavities, when they are installed in the shaped charge blasting tube 1, the liquid cavity of each container should be closer to the explosive 8, or the solid cavity of each container should be closer to the explosive 8. Both methods can ensure the blasting effect, but it is necessary to ensure that both solid-liquid medium containers 7 simultaneously have either their liquid cavity or solid cavity close to the explosive 8 in order to guarantee the directional rupture effect.

[0048] As another improvement of the present invention, such as Figure 13 As shown, T-shaped grooves 4 are provided on the pipe walls at both ends of the shaped explosive tube 1. Two adjacent shaped explosive tubes 1 are secured in the T-shaped grooves 4 by I-shaped connecting tenons 5 to achieve coaxial connection of the two shaped explosive tubes 1. Figure 8 and 9 The diagram shows the structure of the I-shaped connecting tenon 5. The upper and lower edges of the tenon, used for connecting with the propellant tube, are rounded to ensure that the connected part matches the outer contour of the propellant tube, preventing protrusions that could interfere with insertion into the drill hole. When using this structure, the tenon is aligned with the side of the T-shaped groove 4 and slid in until fully embedded. The connection between the tenon and the T-shaped groove 4 facilitates adjustment of the propellant tube's position and ensures greater stability and prevents slippage during placement. When placed in a downward-facing drill hole, it also prevents the lower shaped charge tube from detaching from the upper shaped charge tube due to gravity during adjustment.

[0049] Before employing the directional shaped charge blasting method of this invention, boreholes are first drilled at the desired blasting location, and the required charge amount for each borehole is determined. Simultaneously, the number of cavities in the solid-liquid medium carrier bags 7 and their arrangement within the shaped charge blasting tube 1 are determined. After completion, multiple solid-liquid medium carrier bags 7 and explosives are loaded into the shaped charge blasting tube 1, with the explosives positioned between the multiple solid-liquid medium carrier bags 7. Detonators 9 are placed within the explosives 8 and connected with fuses, and multiple strip-shaped clips 6 are installed to control the opening degree of the notch. The detonators 9 control the detonation sequence and timing. Next, the shaped charge blasting tube 1 is coaxially connected sequentially using I-shaped connecting tenons 5, and the orientation of the shaped charge holes 2 and the notches is adjusted to align with the direction requiring shaped charge and the direction requiring rock fragmentation. Finally, each shaped charge blasting tube 1 is sequentially placed into the borehole, and the fuse is led out from the borehole. Figure 13 As shown; and using stemming putty to seal the borehole;

[0050] After confirming that all personnel at the blasting face have been evacuated to a safe area, the explosive 8 in the borehole is detonated. At this time, the explosion of explosive 8 generates an impact force, which breaks the solid-liquid medium container 7, causing the solid medium 10, liquid medium 11 and air in the borehole to mix and form a three-phase coupled medium particle jet. This jet bursts out of the shaped charge blasting structure and the gap into the shaped charge blasting tube to perform directional blasting of the surrounding rock mass. The specific principle of three-phase coupled medium particle jet blasting is as follows: Three-phase coupled medium particle jet blasting uses three coupled media—solid particles, liquid and gas—to achieve the purpose of high power, high safety, high environmental protection and low dust ("three highs and one low"). Compared to traditional blasting where detonation waves propagate only through air, this technology incorporates a solid-liquid coupling medium. In terms of installation methods, this invention can be divided into solid-liquid mixed type and solid-liquid separated type. The shock wave generated during the explosion allows the liquid coupling medium to act as a high-pressure water jet, while the solid particles act like high-speed projectiles impacting and breaking rock. Furthermore, after the blast, the solid particles can embed themselves in the coal and rock mass, maintaining the fractures from closing. Therefore, this invention fully utilizes the quadruple effects of "detonation wave + high-pressure water jet + high-speed particle impact + high-energy gas fracturing." Compared to hydraulic fracturing, it reduces the complexity of fracturing pump stations and pipelines; compared to traditional blasting, it significantly increases the explosive power, reduces the amount of harmful blasting gases, and lowers dust levels.

[0051] Taking the device of this invention for cutting off hard roofs and leaving roadways along the goaf as an example, the specific implementation method in use will be described. For example... Figure 14 and 15 As shown, the steps for using a shaped charge jet blasting device to cut through a hard roof and leave a roadway along the goaf are as follows:

[0052] 1) Determine the drilling positions on the top plate 14 and machine the slit holes 15;

[0053] 2) Install the focused particle jet blasting device in the slit hole 15, adjust the orientation of the device so that the focused energy direction is in accordance with the specific cutting direction, the C-shaped opening position is facing the top plate 14 on the side that needs to collapse, and the intact side is aligned with the top plate 14 on the side that needs to be protected.

[0054] 3) The slotted holes 15 are sealed with stemming material, and the shaped charge jet blasting devices in multiple slotted holes 15 are all connected to the detonation device 19, such as... Figure 18 As shown;

[0055] 4) Activate the detonation device 19 to enable each shaped charge jet blasting device to perform blasting and top cutting;

[0056] 5) After the top is cut, observe the cutting ratio at the junction of the broken and intact parts in the cutting hole 15, such as... Figure 16 and 17 As shown, if the kerf ratio meets the requirements, the top cutting is completed.

[0057] Detailed explanation is as follows:

[0058] In step 1, a row of slotting holes 15 are drilled on one side of the coal wall 16 of the roadway where the roof is to be cut. The angle, depth, and spacing of the slotting holes 15 are determined by the geological conditions, and the following formula can be used as a reference:

[0059] Drilling depth: H=(M-ΔH1-ΔH2) / (K-1).

[0060] Where M represents the mining height; ΔH1 represents the roof subsidence in meters; ΔH represents the floor heave in meters; K represents the residual bridging coefficient; the angle of the slotted hole 15 is approximately 10° to 20°; when the roof 14 is a hard roof, the spacing of the slotted holes 15 is approximately 400 to 500 mm; and a rock-blocking net 17 is installed at a distance from the coal wall 16 in the roadway.

[0061] In step 2, when installing the device, attention should be paid to the orientation of the device opening and the orientation of the energy-concentrating hole. The energy-concentrating hole should point in the direction of the cut, and the C-shaped opening should face the roof that will collapse after the cut, so that it will be subjected to greater impact and increase the degree of fragmentation. The side with intact pipe wall should face the roof of the roadway to protect it.

[0062] In step 3, after sealing with clay, the devices that need to be blasted every shift are connected in series and connected to the same detonating device 19 to improve efficiency and save costs.

[0063] In step 4, before starting the roof cutting, it is also necessary to check the gas concentration, including detecting the gas concentration within a preset distance. When the gas concentration is within the allowable blasting range, the shaped charge jet blasting device is activated to cut the roof.

[0064] In step 5, after the top is cut, the cutting ratio at the junction of the broken and intact parts in the cut hole 15 is observed and calculated (cutting ratio = crack length / (length of the section of the cut hole 15 containing the energy-conducting tube × number of devices in a single borehole)). When the cutting ratio reaches the preset value, subsequent operations are carried out according to this parameter; otherwise, the parameter is adjusted and the test is repeated. The cutting ratio is usually above 80%, but it can also be adjusted according to the geological conditions.

[0065] The liquid medium 11 in this invention has various material selection options, ranging from the simplest water or brine with added inorganic salts, to the addition of other components that assist in rock fracturing or help reduce harmful factors generated by the explosion. For example, using sodium silicate solution as the liquid medium can promote the complete reaction of nitrates generated by the explosion to produce harmless gases, and can also have a certain corrosive effect on the rock, enhancing the destructive effect on the rock. The main purpose of adding liquid medium 11 is to improve the transfer of explosive energy by using liquid. Liquid medium is less compressible and has a higher density than gaseous medium, resulting in less energy loss during transmission. Liquid medium 11 can also better absorb the heat generated after the explosion, avoiding other hidden dangers caused by open flames due to excessive heat. In addition, liquid medium can also absorb dust and toxic and harmful gases generated by the explosion, reduce vibration, improve the working environment, and increase work efficiency. The solid medium 10 in this invention is a high-strength granular solid material. The main functions of the solid medium are as follows: during the blasting process, it obtains a large amount of energy through the explosion of the explosive, which generates a high-speed impact on the rock, causing the rock to break and crack; after the rock is broken, it weaves into the blast-generated crack, acting as a proppant to maintain the open state of the blast-generated crack, so that it does not close under the action of surrounding rock pressure, and the connection between cracks generated between different boreholes is better.

[0066] Due to the specific shaped charge blasting tube structure of this invention, the energy flow differs from that of traditional shaped charge blasting tubes. The presence of a notch achieves the effect of fracturing the surrounding rock on one side while keeping it intact on the other. However, because some energy is used for impact fracturing of the rock, the effect of generating directional cracks is somewhat weakened. Therefore, this invention incorporates a solid-liquid medium as a blasting coupling agent to form a three-phase coupled medium particle jet blasting, which greatly improves the energy transfer efficiency. This medium directly participates in the generation and maintenance of directional cracks, while the solid-liquid medium impacts the rock in the form of a particle-carrying jet, causing damage. This achieves a dual excitation effect of directional fracture and half-side fragmentation, offsetting the adverse effects of energy diversion. Through higher energy utilization, the actual power reaches more than ten times that of traditional shaped charge blasting, ultimately achieving a shaped charge effect with high depth, high shapeability, high smoothness, and the ability to achieve half-side fragmentation. The principle is as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shaped charge particle jet blasting device, characterized in that, Includes shaped charge blasting tube, shaped charge blasting structure, solid-liquid medium container bag and multiple strip buckles; A notch is made in one side of the shaped charge tube, making its cross-section C-shaped. There are two shaped charge structures, which are symmetrically arranged on the shaped charge tubes on both sides of the notch, and the center lines of the two shaped charge structures are in the same plane as the center line of the shaped charge tube. Multiple strip-shaped buckles are evenly spaced on the upper part of the notch, and the two ends of the strip-shaped buckles are respectively connected to the shaped charge tubes on both sides of the notch, which is used to control the opening degree of the notch. The shaped charge blasting structure is one of a point-type shaped charge blasting structure, a line-type shaped charge blasting structure, and a point-line combination shaped charge blasting structure. The point-type shaped charge blasting structure consists of multiple shaped charge holes arranged in a straight line at equal intervals, with the straight line parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube. The line-type shaped charge blasting structure consists of multiple shaped charge slots arranged in a straight line at equal intervals, with the straight line parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube. The point-line combination shaped charge blasting structure consists of multiple shaped charge holes and multiple shaped charge slots arranged alternately in a straight line, with the straight line parallel to the axis of the shaped charge blasting tube. The shaped charge blasting tube contains explosives and multiple solid-liquid medium containers, all of which are located within the tube, positioning the explosives among them. Each container has one or two cavities. If it has one cavity, it contains a solid-liquid coupling medium; if it has two cavities, one contains a solid medium and the other contains a liquid medium. When the explosives detonate, the solid-liquid medium containers are broken, allowing the solid and liquid media to escape from the shaped charge blasting structure and the opening within the tube, thus directionally blasting the surrounding rock mass.

2. The shaped charge particle jet blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At each shaped charge hole, engraving lines are set along the center of each shaped charge hole on the inner cavity and outer surface of the shaped charge blasting tube to help the shaped charge blasting tube form an angle during blasting, so that the energy distribution released in the shaped charge direction is more linear.

3. The shaped charge particle jet blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaped charge blasting tube is either circular or elliptical. If it is elliptical, the notch is located on the minor axis of the elliptical tube, and both shaped charge blasting structures are located on the major axis of the elliptical inner cavity, so that the major axis of the elliptical tube is in the direction of shaped charge.

4. The focused particle jet blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaped explosive tube body is provided with multiple protrusions, and the strip buckle is connected to the shaped explosive tube body through the connecting holes at both ends of the strip buckle and the protrusions.

5. The shaped charge particle jet blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, If both solid-liquid medium containers have two cavities, when they are installed in the shaped charge bursting tube, the liquid cavity of each container should be closer to the explosive, or the solid cavity of each container should be closer to the explosive.

6. The shaped charge particle jet blasting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diameter of each shaped charge hole is 1 / 7 to 1 / 11 of the diameter of a circular tube or the major axis of an elliptical tube. The distance between adjacent shaped charge holes is 3 to 5 times the diameter of the shaped charge hole. The circular diameter of the outer surface of the shaped charge blasting tube is 6 to 8 mm smaller than the diameter of the blast hole. The shape of the shaped charge hole is any one of a circular hole, an elliptical hole, a rhomboid hole, and a regular hexagonal hole.

7. The shaped charge particle jet blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tube walls at both ends of the shaped charge blasting tube are provided with T-shaped grooves. Two adjacent shaped charge blasting tubes are secured in the T-shaped grooves by I-shaped connecting tenons to achieve coaxial connection of the two shaped charge blasting tubes.

8. The shaped charge particle jet blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of solid to liquid in the solid-liquid coupling medium is 1:(4-6).

9. The shaped charge particle jet blasting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid medium is water or brine with added inorganic salts; the solid medium is a high-strength, granular solid material. The greater the strength of the solid medium, the greater the dynamic impact capability during blasting and the stronger the ability to prevent cracks from closing. Considering cost, the strength of the solid medium is not less than 70 MPa.

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