Adaptive control method and device for direct current power output and direct current power supply

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive control method, device, and DC power supply for DC power output, belonging to the field of power output control technology. This invention uses multiple loop controllers. Compared to a single controller, it can adaptively switch between them to utilize the speed and accuracy advantages of each controller in stages, resulting in smoother and more stable output changes. By using voltage / current error judgment results, it can adaptively switch the ADC data source during system operation, using data from a fast ADC for rapid response and data from a high-precision ADC for high-precision requirements. It also adaptively switches the loop controllers, using a fast loop controller to generate control quantities for rapid response and a high-precision loop controller for high-precision requirements, thus achieving matching and coordination between speed and accuracy indicators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power output control technology, and more specifically, relates to an adaptive control method, device and DC power supply for DC power output. Background Technology

[0002] A DC power supply's output typically consists of two measurable quantities: voltage and current. When a stable output voltage is required, the power supply operates in constant voltage (CV) mode. In this mode, the output current varies with the load, but the output voltage remains constant. When a stable output current is required, the power supply operates in constant current (CC) mode. In this mode, the output voltage varies with the load, but the output current remains constant. It consists of four parts: an adaptive controller, a voltage and current signal sampling circuit, a PWM signal generation circuit, and a power circuit output. The controller receives the set voltage and current values ​​and compares them with the sampled voltage and current signals, generating an error signal. The built-in controller adjusts the frequency or pulse width of the PWM signal to drive the power circuit, controlling the output voltage and current, thus achieving the function of a voltage source / current source. To stabilize the DC power supply's output voltage / current, an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) sampling circuit is generally used to obtain the actual output voltage / current values. These values ​​are then compared with the set voltage / current values ​​to obtain the error value. A specially designed controller then uses negative feedback to adjust the output control quantity, stabilizing the power supply's voltage / current output.

[0003] However, the sampling speed and accuracy of the ADC directly determine the control speed and accuracy of the controller, which in turn determines the voltage / current response speed and accuracy of the DC power supply. Simultaneously, the control method and algorithm design determine the stability and accuracy of the device. Only by employing a suitable control algorithm can the device have sufficient phase and gain margins, ensuring stable operation even with frequent load changes, while also guaranteeing that all device specifications meet design requirements, such as response speed and output accuracy. Current technology cannot meet the high-speed and high-precision requirements of the control device's output voltage / current. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive control method, device and DC power supply for DC power output, which aims to solve the problem that the prior art cannot meet the high speed and high precision of the output voltage / current of the control device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive control method for DC power supply output, comprising:

[0006] The ADC sampling circuit receives multiple voltage signals at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculates the error signal between each voltage sample value and the desired voltage signal, and generates the corresponding voltage control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0007] By comparing the voltage error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, the system adaptively selects the ADC data source and voltage control quantity, and sends the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the desired voltage signal; or...

[0008] The ADC sampling circuit receives current analog signals acquired by multiple current signals at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculates the error signal between each current sample value and the required current value, and generates the corresponding current control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0009] By comparing the current error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, the system adaptively selects the ADC data source and current control quantity, and sends the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required current signal.

[0010] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0011] Determine whether the current acquired at the fastest sampling speed is not lower than the required current value. If so, switch to CC mode and send the selected current control value to the external modulation circuit. Otherwise, switch to CV mode and send the selected voltage control value to the external modulation circuit.

[0012] Preferably, the corresponding control quantity is generated in the following manner:

[0013] Receive voltage / current error signals;

[0014] Generate configuration parameters a1~a n b0~b n ;

[0015] Calculate the voltage / current control quantity x:

[0016] x=err o *b0+err1*b1+…+err n *b n +a1*x1+…a n *x n

[0017] Among them, err0~err n The historical values ​​of the error signal, x1~x n The historical value of the control variable x is n, and the number of sampling times is n.

[0018] Preferably, the adaptive selection of the ADC data source and voltage control quantity specifically includes:

[0019] The larger the error, the faster the sampling rate of the ADC data source should be selected, and the faster the voltage / current control quantity is generated.

[0020] The smaller the error, the higher the sampling accuracy of the ADC data source should be selected, and the higher the control accuracy of the generated voltage / current control quantity.

[0021] To achieve the above objectives, in a second aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive control device for DC power supply output, comprising:

[0022] Multiple voltage loop control modules are used to receive voltage analog signals acquired by multiple voltage signal ADC sampling circuits at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculate the error signal between each voltage sample value and the required voltage signal, and generate the corresponding voltage control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0023] The voltage adaptive switching control module is used to compare the voltage error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, adaptively select the ADC data source and voltage control quantity, and send the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required voltage signal.

[0024] And / or,

[0025] Multiple current loop control modules are used to receive current analog signals acquired by multiple current signal ADC sampling circuits at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculate the error signal between each current sample value and the required current value, and generate the corresponding current control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0026] The current adaptive switching control module is used to compare the current error signal corresponding to the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, adaptively select the ADC data source and current control quantity, and send the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required current signal.

[0027] Preferably, it further includes:

[0028] The CV / CC logic switching control module is used to determine whether the current acquired at the fastest sampling speed is not lower than the required current value. If so, it switches to CC mode and sends the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit. Otherwise, it switches to CV mode and sends the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit.

[0029] Preferably, it further includes:

[0030] Multiple voltage signal ADC sampling circuits are used to acquire analog voltage signals output by DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies;

[0031] And / or,

[0032] Multiple current signal ADC sampling circuits are used to acquire analog current signals output by DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies.

[0033] Preferably, the number of voltage / current signal ADC sampling circuits is 2-4.

[0034] Preferably, each voltage / current ADC sampling circuit is preceded by a signal conditioning circuit adapted to its sampling requirements, the signal conditioning circuit consisting of a filter and an amplifier.

[0035] To achieve the above objectives, in a third aspect, the present invention provides a DC power supply, comprising: an adaptive controller, a voltage and current signal sampling circuit, a PWM signal generation circuit, and a power stage circuit;

[0036] The voltage and current signal sampling circuit is used to acquire the analog voltage / current signals output by the DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies, and send them to the adaptive controller.

[0037] The adaptive controller is used to generate a voltage / current control quantity using the method of the first aspect and send it to the PWM signal generation circuit.

[0038] The PWM signal generation circuit is used to receive voltage / current control quantities, form PWM modulation signals, and send them to the power stage circuit.

[0039] The power stage circuit is used to receive PWM modulation signals to achieve the required voltage / current signals.

[0040] In summary, the technical solutions conceived by this invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0041] This invention discloses an adaptive control method, device, and DC power supply for DC power output. It utilizes multiple loop controllers, and compared to a single controller, it can adaptively switch between them to leverage the speed and accuracy advantages of each controller in stages, resulting in smoother and more stable output changes. By employing voltage / current error judgment results, it can adaptively switch the processing of ADC acquisition data during system operation. It uses data from a fast ADC for rapid response and high-precision ADC for high-precision requirements. It also adaptively switches the loop controllers, using a fast loop controller to generate control quantities for rapid response and a high-precision loop controller for high-precision requirements, thus achieving a match and coordination between speed and accuracy performance indicators. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an adaptive control method for DC power supply output provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive control device for DC power output provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a switching flowchart of the voltage / current switching controller provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the CV / CC logic switching control module operation provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive control method for DC power supply output, comprising:

[0048] The system receives multiple voltage signal ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) sampling circuits that acquire voltage analog signals at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculates the error signal between each voltage sample value and the desired voltage signal, and generates the corresponding voltage control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0049] By comparing the voltage error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, the system adaptively selects the ADC data source and voltage control quantity, and sends the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the desired voltage signal; or...

[0050] The ADC sampling circuit receives current analog signals acquired by multiple current signals at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculates the error signal between each current sample value and the required current value, and generates the corresponding current control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0051] By comparing the current error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, the system adaptively selects the ADC data source and current control quantity, and sends the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required current signal.

[0052] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0053] Determine whether the current acquired at the fastest sampling speed is not lower than the required current value. If so, switch to CC mode and send the selected current control value to the external modulation circuit. Otherwise, switch to CV mode and send the selected voltage control value to the external modulation circuit.

[0054] Preferably, the corresponding control quantity is generated in the following manner:

[0055] Receive voltage / current error signals;

[0056] Generate configuration parameters a1~a n b0~b n ;

[0057] Calculate the voltage / current control quantity x:

[0058] x = err0*b0 + err1*b1 + ... + err n *b n +a1*x1+…a n *x n

[0059] Among them, err0~err n The historical values ​​of the error signal, x1~x n The historical value of the control variable x is n, and the number of sampling times is n.

[0060] Preferably, the adaptive selection of the ADC data source and voltage control quantity specifically includes:

[0061] The larger the error, the faster the sampling rate of the ADC data source should be selected, and the faster the voltage / current control quantity is generated.

[0062] The smaller the error, the higher the sampling accuracy of the ADC data source should be selected, and the higher the control accuracy of the generated voltage / current control quantity.

[0063] This invention provides an adaptive control device for DC power supply output, comprising:

[0064] Multiple voltage loop control modules are used to receive voltage analog signals acquired by multiple voltage signal ADC sampling circuits at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculate the error signal between each voltage sample value and the required voltage signal, and generate the corresponding voltage control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0065] The voltage adaptive switching control module is used to compare the voltage error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, adaptively select the ADC data source and voltage control quantity, and send the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required voltage signal.

[0066] And / or,

[0067] Multiple current loop control modules are used to receive current analog signals acquired by multiple current signal ADC sampling circuits at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculate the error signal between each current sample value and the required current value, and generate the corresponding current control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy.

[0068] The current adaptive switching control module is used to compare the current error signal corresponding to the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, adaptively select the ADC data source and current control quantity, and send the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required current signal.

[0069] Preferably, it further includes:

[0070] The CV / CC logic switching control module is used to determine whether the current acquired at the fastest sampling speed is not lower than the required current value. If so, it switches to CC mode and sends the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit. Otherwise, it switches to CV mode and sends the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit.

[0071] Preferably, it further includes:

[0072] Multiple voltage signal ADC sampling circuits are used to acquire analog voltage signals output by DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies;

[0073] And / or,

[0074] Multiple current signal ADC sampling circuits are used to acquire analog current signals output by DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies.

[0075] Preferably, the number of voltage / current signal ADC sampling circuits is 2-4.

[0076] Preferably, each voltage / current ADC sampling circuit is preceded by a signal conditioning circuit adapted to its sampling requirements, the signal conditioning circuit consisting of a filter and an amplifier.

[0077] This invention provides a DC power supply, comprising: an adaptive controller, a voltage and current signal sampling circuit, a PWM signal generation circuit, and a power stage circuit;

[0078] The voltage and current signal sampling circuit is used to acquire the analog voltage / current signals output by the DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies, and send them to the adaptive controller.

[0079] The adaptive controller is used to generate voltage / current control quantities by employing the aforementioned adaptive control method for DC power output, and send them to the PWM signal generation circuit.

[0080] The PWM signal generation circuit is used to receive voltage / current control quantities, form PWM modulation signals, and send them to the power stage circuit.

[0081] The power stage circuit is used to receive PWM modulation signals to achieve the required voltage / current signals.

[0082] Example

[0083] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, four voltage signal ADC sampling circuits, four current signal ADC sampling circuits, four voltage loop control modules, four current loop control modules, one voltage switching controller, one current switching controller, and one CV / CC logic switching control module are used.

[0084] This embodiment provides a voltage / current adaptive control device, which includes both hardware and software components.

[0085] Hardware

[0086] The hardware component implements analog signal acquisition using multiple ADCs. The difference between the multiple ADCs lies in their speed and accuracy specifications. The analog voltage / current data is processed by the corresponding signal conditioning circuits before being acquired by each ADC, converting analog quantities into digital quantities, and then processed by the software component.

[0087] The characteristics of each ADC are as follows:

[0088] Acquisition speed: ADC1 > ADC2 > ADC3 > ADC4;

[0089] Acquisition accuracy: ADC1 <ADC2<ADC3<ADC4。

[0090] Specifically, ADC1 and ADC2 have fast acquisition rates but low accuracy, with ADC1 being the fastest and ADC2 being the second fastest; ADC3 and ADC4 have slow acquisition rates but the highest accuracy, with ADC4 having the highest accuracy and ADC3 being the second most accurate.

[0091] Software part

[0092] The software works in conjunction with multiple ADCs. The data collected by each ADC enters the adaptive control device and, after a special algorithm design, switches the ADC data source and controller loop parameters at the appropriate operating point of the device. The output is sent to the PWM signal generation circuit to generate a PWM modulation signal. The PWM modulation signal is then sent to the power stage to ensure that the device's response speed and output accuracy meet the design requirements, thereby achieving high-speed and stable output of the DC power supply.

[0093] The adaptive controller includes: 4 voltage loop controllers, 4 current loop controllers, 4 voltage switching controllers, 4 current switching controllers, and a CV / CC logic switching control section.

[0094] This embodiment uses multiple voltage / current loop controllers, with loop controller 1 being the fastest and loop controller 4 having the highest accuracy. Using multiple loop controllers, compared to a single controller, allows for adaptive switching to leverage the speed and accuracy advantages of each controller in stages, resulting in smoother and more stable output changes.

[0095] The characteristics of each loop controller are compared below:

[0096] Speed ​​control order: Controller 1 > Controller 2 > Controller 3 > Controller 4;

[0097] Control accuracy: Controller 1 < Controller 2 < Controller 3 < Controller 4.

[0098] The loop controller generates the corresponding control quantities in the following ways: receiving voltage / current error signals; generating configuration parameters a1 to a2. n b0~b n ; Calculate the voltage / current control quantity x: x = err o *b0+err1*b1+…+err n *b n +a1*x1+…a n *x n Among them, err0~err n The historical values ​​of the error signal, x1~x n The historical value of the control variable x is n, and the number of sampling times is n.

[0099] Voltage / current switching controller

[0100] like Figure 3 As shown, the voltage / current error judgment results are used to switch the loop controller to achieve matching and coordination between speed and accuracy indicators. The implementation scheme is as follows:

[0101] 1) Based on the data acquired by ADC1, calculate the error between the setpoint and the actual value. The error can be divided into three levels, totaling four intervals. Generally, error d1 is greater than error d2, and error d2 is greater than error d3. For example, error d1 equals 80% of the setpoint, error d2 equals 50% of the setpoint, and error d3 equals 10% of the setpoint. The values ​​of errors d1, d2, and d3 can be changed to suit different needs depending on the load or testing requirements.

[0102] 2) Determine the error value and select the ADC data source and loop controller.

[0103] When the error value is greater than the set threshold d1, the response speed has the highest priority. Therefore, the controller needs to adjust the output as quickly as possible to make the output voltage / current reach the vicinity of the set value. Therefore, switch to loop controller 1 and use the data collected by ADC1.

[0104] When the error value is less than or equal to d1 and greater than the threshold d2, the response speed priority decreases by one level and the accuracy requirement increases by one level. Therefore, the controller needs to adjust the output at a faster speed to make the output voltage / current reach the set value and still have a certain accuracy. Therefore, switch to loop controller 2 and use the data collected by ADC2.

[0105] When the error value is less than or equal to d2 and greater than the threshold d3, the response speed priority decreases by one level and the accuracy requirement increases by one level. Therefore, the controller needs to output with higher accuracy so that the output voltage / current reaches near the set value. Then, switch to loop controller 3 and use the data collected by ADC3.

[0106] When the error value is less than or equal to d3, the output precision and accuracy have the highest priority. Therefore, the controller needs to adjust the output with the highest precision to minimize the error between the output voltage / current and the set value. At this time, the response speed is the slowest, so the loop controller 4 is switched to use the data collected by ADC4.

[0107] CV / CC logic switching control section

[0108] like Figure 4 As shown, based on the voltage / current output status acquired by ADC1, it is determined whether the device is in CV or CC state. Then, by switching the control, the output voltage control signal or current control signal is selected to cause corresponding changes in the voltage / current output of the device, ultimately bringing it close to the set value. The adjustment speed is fastest when the error is large, and the accuracy is highest when the error is small. Then, the PWM signal generation circuit generates a PWM control signal to drive the power circuit, outputting the voltage / current signal required by the device.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive control method for DC power supply output, characterized in that, include: The ADC sampling circuit receives multiple voltage signals at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculates the error signal between each voltage sample value and the desired voltage signal, and generates the corresponding voltage control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy. By comparing the voltage error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, the system adaptively selects the ADC data source and voltage control quantity, and sends the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the desired voltage signal; or... The ADC sampling circuit receives current analog signals acquired by multiple current signals at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculates the error signal between each current sample value and the required current value, and generates the corresponding current control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy. By comparing the current error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, the system adaptively selects the ADC data source and current control quantity, and sends the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required current signal.

2. The adaptive control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes: Determine whether the current acquired at the fastest sampling speed is not lower than the required current value. If so, switch to CC mode and send the selected current control value to the external modulation circuit. Otherwise, switch to CV mode and send the selected voltage control value to the external modulation circuit.

3. The adaptive control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The corresponding control quantity is generated in the following manner: Receive voltage / current error signals; Generate configuration parameters a1~a n b0~b n ; Calculate the voltage / current control quantity x: x=err0*b0+err1*b1+…+err n *b n +a1*x1+…a n *x n Among them, err0~err n The historical values ​​of the error signal, x1~x n The historical value of the control variable x is n, and the number of sampling times is n.

4. The adaptive control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The adaptive selection of the ADC data source and voltage control quantity is specifically as follows: The larger the error, the faster the sampling rate of the ADC data source should be selected, and the faster the voltage / current control quantity is generated. The smaller the error, the higher the sampling accuracy of the ADC data source should be selected, and the higher the control accuracy of the generated voltage / current control quantity.

5. An adaptive control device for DC power supply output, characterized in that, include: Multiple voltage loop control modules are used to receive voltage analog signals acquired by multiple voltage signal ADC sampling circuits at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculate the error signal between each voltage sample value and the required voltage signal, and generate the corresponding voltage control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy. The voltage adaptive switching control module is used to compare the voltage error signal acquired at the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, adaptively select the ADC data source and voltage control quantity, and send the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required voltage signal. And / or, Multiple current loop control modules are used to receive current analog signals acquired by multiple current signal ADC sampling circuits at different sampling speeds and accuracies, calculate the error signal between each current sample value and the required current value, and generate the corresponding current control quantity with a control speed and accuracy that matches the sampling speed and accuracy. The current adaptive switching control module is used to compare the current error signal corresponding to the fastest sampling rate with different error levels, adaptively select the ADC data source and current control quantity, and send the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit to achieve the required current signal.

6. The adaptive control device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The CV / CC logic switching control module is used to determine whether the current acquired at the fastest sampling speed is not lower than the required current value. If so, it switches to CC mode and sends the selected current control quantity to the external modulation circuit. Otherwise, it switches to CV mode and sends the selected voltage control quantity to the external modulation circuit.

7. The adaptive control device as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple voltage signal ADC sampling circuits are used to acquire analog voltage signals output by DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies; And / or, Multiple current signal ADC sampling circuits are used to acquire analog current signals output by DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies.

8. The adaptive control device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The number of voltage / current signal ADC sampling circuits is 2-4.

9. The adaptive control device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Each voltage / current ADC sampling circuit is preceded by a signal conditioning circuit adapted to its sampling requirements, which consists of a filter and an amplifier.

10. A DC power supply, characterized in that, include: Adaptive controller, voltage and current signal sampling circuit, PWM signal generation circuit, and power stage circuit; The voltage and current signal sampling circuit is used to acquire the analog voltage / current signals output by the DC power supply at different sampling speeds and accuracies, and send them to the adaptive controller. The adaptive controller is configured to generate a voltage / current control quantity using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and send it to the PWM signal generation circuit. The PWM signal generation circuit is used to receive voltage / current control quantities, form PWM modulation signals, and send them to the power stage circuit. The power stage circuit is used to receive PWM modulation signals to achieve the required voltage / current signals.

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