Radio frequency reading system on a transport vehicle

Abstract

Transportation means (2) equipped with a movable assembly (1) comprising a first portion (12) arranged to move around an axis of rotation (102) by a second assembly (11), the movable assembly (1) being equipped with a radiofrequency transponder (100) and a reading system (3) comprising: - a generator coupled to an electrical signal demodulator (31); - a cable (32) electrically connected to the generator (31), attached to the transportation means (2), the cable (32) comprising a radiating portion (342), characterized in that the projection P on the plane of the first portion (12) situated between two contiguous axes of rotation (11a, 11b) and / or the projection R on a cylinder (104) having the axis of rotation (102) constrained by the first portion (12) in contact with the second assembly (11) of the radiating portion is less than 1 meter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a system for reading radio frequency transponders on a transportation vehicle. The radio frequency transponder is linked to a movable component of the transportation vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Recent developments in connected objects require them to be equipped with radio frequency transponders. These transponders typically operate in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) range. In the case of transport vehicles such as rubber-tired vehicles or conveyor belts, the connected objects are movable parts of these vehicles. As a result, they are movable during operation, moving in a plane about a rotational axis fixed relative to the transport vehicle.

[0003] Document US20210021015A1 describes an onboard reading system for land vehicles, using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags and Tire Mounted Sensors (TMS) embedded in the tires of mounted components within the land vehicle. The system consists of an RFID reader / transmitter, which is currently connected to four transmission lines leading to an RFID antenna covering a specific geographic area. The RFID antenna is rigidly fixed to a fixed part of the land vehicle. This solution requires multiple RFID antennas, typically two-dimensional and planar, or even three-dimensional. This creates a spatial footprint within the land vehicle, which is detrimental to the installation of other land vehicle components. Furthermore, the separation of various components (RFID reader, transmission lines, and RFID antennas) significantly increases the number of connection points between them, which in turn greatly increases the risk of reading system failure due to the vibrations and shocks typically experienced by the vehicle. Finally, the large number of components installed on the land vehicle implies multiple transmission lines and RFID antennas, which is costly.

[0004] One of the objectives of the following invention is to address the issues of reliability and cost in systems for reading movable radio frequency transponders in transportation vehicles.

[0005] To gain a better understanding of the invention, the circumferential direction S, axial direction A, and radial direction R here refer to directions defined relative to a rotational reference frame about the natural axis of rotation of the movable component. The radial direction R is a direction extending perpendicularly away from the natural axis of rotation. The axial direction A is a direction parallel to the natural axis of rotation. Finally, the circumferential direction S forms a direct trihedron with predefined radial and axial directions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention relates to the arrangement of a transportation vehicle and a radio frequency transponder reading system. The transportation vehicle is equipped with at least one movable component capable of ensuring relative movement of the transportation vehicle relative to another mechanical system. The movable component includes a deformable portion configured to move about at least one axis of rotation from a non-deformable component. Free movement of the at least one movable component occurs in a principal two-dimensional plane in a reference frame associated with the at least one movable component. The deformable portion of the at least one movable component defines a central face perpendicular to one or more axes of rotation. Preferably, the deformable portion of the at least one movable component is equipped with a radio frequency transponder. The reading system includes:

[0007] - An electrical signal generator that transmits an electrical signal at a frequency F0 included in the ultra-high frequency band, which is coupled to an electrical signal demodulator mounted on a vehicle that is suitable for a frequency band near F0;

[0008] - At least one bidirectional communication cable comprising a conductive core covered with a dielectric material, which itself is covered with a partially flexible conductive component, one end of which is currently connected to a signal generator, and its length lo is divided according to a metric, the unit of which is wavelength defined by frequency F0.

[0009] - At least one cable is fixed to the exterior of at least one movable component of a transport vehicle, and at least one cable includes a radiating portion.

[0010] The arrangement is characterized in that the abscissa of the curve of the first continuous portion of the radiating portion of at least one cable is at least greater than one cable length unit, wherein the distance of the orthogonal projection P of the first continuous portion of the radiating portion of at least one cable on the deformable portion, located between two adjacent rotation axes and collinear with the two rotation axes, and / or the distance of the radial projection R of the first continuous portion of the radiating portion of at least one cable on the cylinder is less than or equal to 1 meter, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 meters, the rotation axis of the cylinder being coaxial with the rotation axis of at least one non-deformable component, constraining the deformable portion in contact with at least one non-deformable component, wherein the distance of the axial projection A of the first continuous portion of the radiating portion of at least one cable on the central front surface of the deformable portion of at least one movable component, in the direction of one or more rotation axes, is less than or equal to 2 meters, preferably less than 1 meter, and very preferably less than 0.5 meters.

[0011] The term "free movement" refers to movement in the same manner as forced displacement without any displacement constraints. For example, in the case of a statically loaded mounting assembly set to rotation, this refers to the movement of the material points of the mounting assembly outside the area where the tire contacts the ground (often called the contact area). In fact, in this area, as long as a slip condition is not met, the movement of the material points in contact with the ground is guided by the ground; therefore, forced displacement is achieved, which does not fall within the scope of free movement.

[0012] First, a movable component is a sub-component of a transport vehicle used to move the transport vehicle relative to another mechanical system. A movable component includes a deformable portion driven by a non-deformable portion (i.e., a portion more rigid than the deformable portion) to rotate about one or more axes of rotation. This movable component can be a mounting assembly of a motor vehicle, comprising a tire that constitutes a deformable portion rotating about a single axis of rotation via a rim, which constitutes a non-deformable portion relative to the tire. Alternatively, in the case of tracked traction, these can be constituted by a tread formed of rubber material and drive wheels (typically circular in shape) of the tread. Each drive wheel rotates about an axis of rotation. Finally, a conveyor belt of a conveyor can also serve as a deformable portion, and the drive rollers of the conveyor belt (of which there are at least two) constitute a non-deformable portion relative to the conveyor belt. Each drive roller is typically configured to rotate about its own axis of rotation.

[0013] Radio frequency (RF) transponders can be RFID tags or active electronic devices with their own power supply. RF transponders are attached to movable parts of a vehicle. This can be an RFID tag in the tire, a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) sensor attached to the wheel, or any electronic object that communicates via radio frequency and is equipped with a radio frequency antenna located on a movable component.

[0014] To read the electronic object, which is linked to a movable component and thus, in motion, to a means of transport, this invention discloses placing a reading system on a means of transport outside the movable component. Therefore, it is not linked to the movement of the movable component. The reading system includes a first device comprising a fixed-frequency electrical signal transmitter and an electrical signal demodulator in a frequency band near the fixed frequency. The first device is connected to a bidirectional communication cable. The cable consists of a hollow or solid, typically metallic, conductive core and a second conductive hollow tube coaxial with the conductive core. A dielectric material separates the two conductive components. One end of the cable is connected to a transmitting / receiving electronics device, while the other end is free. The cable includes at least one radiating section, i.e., it functionally transmits or receives radio waves outside the hollow conductive tube via various structural solutions. For example, a possible cable is a leaky-fed antenna whose external hollow tube has spatially distributed apertures of appropriate size in the radiating section, these apertures being related to the wavelength of the radio waves transmitted or received by the antenna cable. Outside the radiating region, the coaxial cable acts as a waveguide.

[0015] The present invention is primarily based on a specific arrangement of the reading system, particularly the specific arrangement of the radiating portion of the bidirectional communication cable relative to the path followed by the radio frequency transponder driven by the movable component. In fact, during the loop portion describing the path taken by the movable component, the spatial distance between the radiating portion of the cable and the radio frequency transponder must be less than a certain distance, preferably one meter. This is ensured by three conditions linked to the structure of the movable component. Indeed, since the movable component has essentially two-dimensional movement, in the reference frame linked to the movable component, outside the area where displacement is applied, a central plane can be defined for the deformable portion of the movable component. This central plane has the characteristic of being perpendicular to all rotational axes of the movable component and divides the movable component into two symmetrical parts relative to the central plane. The term "major bidirectional movement" refers to the distance covered by a material point of the movable component between two instants, which is decomposed in the orthogonal reference frame linked to the movable component, with one component being smaller than the other two. Generally, this component is a component carried by the direction of the rotational axis of the movable component. The first condition is that the continuous sub-sections of the radiating portion of the communication cable, in the direction of the rotation axis of the movable component, are no more than 2 meters from the center of the deformable portion attached to the movable component. Naturally, the smaller the distance between the continuous sub-sections of the radiating portion of the cable, the better the radio frequency communication between the two radio frequency devices.

[0016] Then, the deformable portion of the movable component is driven either by a complete rotational movement about a single axis of rotation, such as for a mounting assembly of a motor vehicle, or by a movement combining partial rotation about several axes of rotation with translational movement between these partial rotations, such as for a conveyor belt of a conveyor or a track of a land vehicle. It is necessary to control the distance between the continuous portion of the radiating section of the bidirectional communication cable and the deformable portion of the movable component. For this purpose, two projection conditions must be met. First, regarding the area where the deformable portion partially rotates about the axis of rotation, there exists a maximum radial projection distance R defining the continuous portion of the radiating section of the bidirectional communication cable on the nearest surface of the deformable portion of the movable component driven by this rotational movement, and thus in contact with the non-deformable portion of the movable component. Second, there exists a maximum orthogonal projection distance P defining the continuous portion of the radiating section of the bidirectional communication cable on the nearest surface of the deformable portion of the movable component. This surface must be collinear with the axis of rotation of the movable component defining the translational movement of the deformable portion.

[0017] During a portion of the loop describing the path of the RF transponder fixed to the movable component, when these three conditions are simultaneously satisfied, it can be ensured that a continuous portion of the radiating section of the bidirectional communication cable can potentially communicate with the RF transponder on this portion of the loop, and furthermore, this communication is spatially periodic because it repeats in each loop. Naturally, the larger this portion of the loop, the better the communication between the two components. Preferably, this condition is satisfied throughout the entire loop describing the path of the RF transponder.

[0018] Finally, the continuous radiating portion of the bidirectional communication cable relative to the movable component in this space region must have a curve length greater than one unit of cable length. The unit of cable length is defined by the wavelength associated with the frequency F0 of the radio signal transmitted by the reading system. This ensures that the antenna length in the space region defined by the three geometric conditions is suitable for transmitting and receiving radio signals to and from the RF transponder fixed to the movable component. Naturally, the greater the continuous length of the radiating portion of the bidirectional communication cable, the better the communication between the reading system and the RF transponder.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one radial portion of the cable includes at least one second continuous portion that does not intersect with the first continuous portion, the abscissa of the curve of at least one second continuous portion is at least greater than one unit of the cable length, the distance of the orthogonal projection P of at least one second continuous portion of the radial portion of the cable on a plane located between two adjacent rotation axes and collinear with the deformable portion of at least one second movable component, and / or the distance of the radial projection R of at least one second continuous portion of the radial portion of the cable on a cylinder is less than or equal to 1 meter, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 meters, the rotation axis of the cylinder is coaxial with the rotation axis of at least one non-deformable component of at least one second movable component, constraining the deformable portion in contact with at least one non-deformable component of at least one second movable component, and the distance of the axial projection A of at least one second continuous portion of the radial portion of the cable on the central front of the deformable portion of at least one second movable component in the direction of one or more rotation axes of at least one second movable component is less than or equal to 2 meters, preferably less than or equal to 1 meter, and very preferably less than or equal to 0.5 meters.

[0020] This is a configuration where a bidirectional communication cable can interrogate movable components of the same transport vehicle, which are so far apart that the same continuous portion of the radiating section of the communication cable cannot interrogate both movable components. The conventional solution is to add a second bidirectional communication cable and place the continuous portion of the radiating section of this second cable in a suitable geographical area of ​​the second movable component, which is costly. The solution here is to use the same bidirectional communication cable, which limits the number of current connections for the electrical signal transmitter / receiver of the reading system. This cable is then equipped with a second continuous radiating section separate from the first continuous section. However, this could be the same radiating section of the cable. In this way, in each case, the same cable interrogates and receives information from each radio frequency transponder associated with a different movable component. To create two strong radiating spatial regions, the radiating section of the cable must simply pass through the same spatial region several times to create a continuous section. This creates a high-radiation area, making it easy to communicate with transponders of transport vehicles passing through the spatial region. Of course, several strong radiating spatial regions separated from each other can be created using this technique. Between these areas of strong radiation, the cable exhibits relatively low radiation behavior; nevertheless, this allows radio signals to travel along the cable to the reader. Of course, the continuous and radiating sections can be significantly increased along the length of the communication cable to communicate with several geographically distant movable components and with all radio frequency transponders of the vehicle, regardless of whether they are linked to any of the vehicle's movable components. Similarly, a continuous section of the radiating section of a bidirectional communication cable can communicate with different movable components, provided they are located at the correct distance from the continuous section of the radiating section of the cable.

[0021] Advantageously, at least one cable is equipped with a conductor connected to a conductive core at its free end and is covered with a second dielectric material, which is itself partially covered by a conductor assembly whose connector length is adapted for the frequency band of a reading system with capacitive coupling performance.

[0022] This type of bidirectional communication cable uses surface radio waves via such a reflective device. This makes it possible to have bidirectional cables with no surface characteristics on the radiating portion. Therefore, when the cable is installed in a transport vehicle, its communication function is not affected by severe cable deformation, as is the case with leaky-feed antennas, where the distribution of the leaky-feed antenna and the shape of the hole through the conductor tube are more sensitive to deformation of the bidirectional cable. Furthermore, this technical solution is more economical because the hole in the conductor tube is much more expensive than placing an electroreflective device at the end of the coaxial cable via capacitive coupling.

[0023] This type of cable is described in patent application US2016 / 0197408A1, whose free end includes an electroreflective device coupled by capacitive coupling. This electroreflective device consists of a conductive assembly connected to a conductive core and optionally separated from the conductive tube by a second dielectric material that generates the capacitive coupling. The length of the conductive assembly is typically one-quarter the wavelength of the radio waves transmitted and received by the cable antenna. The device generates surface-propagating radio waves on the conductive tube in the opposite direction to the direction emitted by the signal generator, up to a surface wave attenuation region generated by a magnetizing ring, typically made of ferrite, which is axially mounted on the outside of the cable.

[0024] In a particular implementation, in the radiating portion of the cable, the conductor assembly is covered by a grounded second conductor assembly.

[0025] This limits electromagnetic radiation from the cable in the transmission medium, which may be necessary depending on the electromagnetic compatibility of the transmission medium.

[0026] According to a particular embodiment, the radio frequency antenna of the radio frequency transponder includes at least one wire bundle defining a first longitudinal axis, and a first continuous portion and / or at least one second continuous portion of a radiating portion of at least one cable defining a centerline, wherein the angle formed by the pointing vectors of the first longitudinal axis and the centerline is less than 30 degrees, preferably less than 10 degrees, over at least a portion of a closed path formed by at least one movable component.

[0027] In the specific case where a radio transponder is equipped with a wired antenna, two electronic components are fitted with unidirectional antennas. For communication, the axes of the two antennas must not be perpendicular to each other to ensure electromagnetic coupling between them. Ideally, the two directions should be collinear to maximize coupling effectiveness. However, as long as the angle formed by the two directions is less than 30 degrees, the level of communication between the two antennas remains perfectly adequate. This is preferred when the radio transponder is passive, i.e., it has no power source or electrical energy generation of its own. In this case, electromagnetic coupling is achieved by activating the radio transponder by transmitting energy to it before it transmits.

[0028] Of course, since the radio frequency transponder is moving while the reading system is fixed relative to the transport vehicle, the angle condition may not necessarily be satisfied along the entire path described by the radio frequency transponder. However, for effective radio frequency communication between the two electronic systems, satisfying the angle condition along a portion of the path taken by the moving component is sufficient.

[0029] Preferably, the radio frequency transponder is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag.

[0030] These are ideal radio frequency (RF) transponders for conveying the identifier of an object, particularly a movable component or one of its components. Typically, these tags are passive to minimize the weight and cost of the transponder and ensure its reliability throughout the product's (especially a component of a movable component) lifespan. Finally, integration of these tags into elastomeric compounds is possible while ensuring good physical integrity of both the RFID tag and the elastomeric component.

[0031] Very preferably, the means of transport includes the group comprising tracked land vehicles, land vehicles having deformable and elastic tires, and conveyor belts.

[0032] More preferably, the deformable portion of the movable component is included in the group comprising deformable and elastic tires, elastomeric hybrid conveyor belts, and elastomeric hybrid tracks.

[0033] The use of RFID tags and active radio frequency sensors is becoming increasingly widespread for identifying or monitoring objects, opening doors to logistics services, and enabling the personalization of certain systems on transport vehicles, leading to improved usability of these systems. RFID tags are by far the smallest radio frequency transponders, providing identification functionality, at least for the objects they are attached to. These transport vehicles are typically equipped with conveyor systems, whether tire treads, conveyor belts, or pneumatic tire systems, which represent the wear parts of the transport vehicle. Identifying these movable parts, which age faster than the transport vehicle itself, enables predictive maintenance. Depending on the aging or wear condition of these components, adjustments to the transport vehicle's settings may be necessary to optimize its operational performance. Because these parts are inherently deformable and highly deformable, the use of smaller RFID tags is preferred to ensure the physical integrity and durability of these deformable parts.

[0034] According to a very specific embodiment, the movable component describes rotational movement about a single axis of rotation, and at least one continuous portion of the cable describes an angular sector of at least 30 degrees, preferably greater than 60 degrees, and very preferably greater than 120 degrees about the single axis of rotation.

[0035] The first movement condition of the movable component illustrates, for example, the case of a mounting assembly for a motor vehicle. In this case, the tire mounted on the rim constitutes the mounting assembly rotating about a single axis of rotation. Preferably, in this case, the continuous portion of the radiating section of the bidirectional communication cable extends over an angular sector of at least 30 degrees in a rotational reference frame associated with the single axis of rotation. In this way, communication for a certain duration is ensured between the radio frequency transponder rotating with the movable component and the reading system fixed in the vehicle, depending on the rotational speed of the movable component about its single axis of rotation. Of course, the larger the angular sector, the longer the communication time at a given rotational speed.

[0036] Preferably, a continuous portion of the radiating section of at least one cable is fixed to at least one wall, the at least one wall defining a cavity in the transport vehicle for accommodating movable components.

[0037] In the case of movable components that rotate about a single axis of rotation, such as those included in the outer tire of a car, a continuous portion of the radiating section of a bidirectional communication cable is preferably attached directly or indirectly to the wheel arch. The wheel arch defines a cavity in which the vehicle-mounted component will be connected during use. Typically, this component is non-metallic, meaning there is no shielding effect or radio interference. The propagation of radio waves between the communication cable and the transponder is enhanced by the absence of mechanical components between the two antennas. Finally, the cavity naturally provides free space for the communication cable to be installed in extremely small spaces, such as the very small space of a motor vehicle.

[0038] Very preferably, at least one continuous portion of the radial portion of the cable extends a constant radial distance from a single axis of rotation of the movable component.

[0039] In the case of passive radio frequency transponders (e.g., RFID tags) embedded in the tire outer casing, this condition ensures reliable radio frequency communication between the two components. In practice, it is generally accepted to position the RFID tag on the tire sidewall relative to the axis of rotation of the mounting component in the primary circumferential direction. Furthermore, the shape of the walls defining the mounting cavity of the component typically follows this geometry. As a result, communication between the two antennas is optimized in both duration and quality.

[0040] Preferably, the radio frequency transponder transmits at a subcarrier frequency.

[0041] In these applications, the RF transponder uses the received RF transmission signal to transmit a response to its inquiry. This mode of operation is particularly common in passive RFID tag-type RF transponders, i.e., transponders without their own transmit power source. These communication modes employ various modulations, depending on whether the goal is to improve the communication sensitivity of a two-way communication cable or to increase the communication speed between the two RF devices. Modulation is characterized primarily by two variables: the number of binary state transitions—physically, this is a change in the state of the RF transponder impedance, such as that of the electronic chip in the RFID tag, which causes changes in the amplitude and phase of the returned signal—and the unit period of the observed transitions. To improve the sensitivity of the communication cable, it is recommended to perform a large number of binary state transitions within a high unit period. For example, the Miller 8 codec for UHF RFID provides a sensitivity gain of 10 to 20 dBm. On the other hand, limiting the number of transitions to a single transition per unit period within a short unit period is beneficial for the transaction throughput between the RF transponder and the two-way communication cable, and effectively maximizes it. FMO modulation, which involves switching once per unit cycle (e.g., 7.6 μs), increases the read rate of bidirectional communication cables by 10 times compared to Miller 8 modulation.

[0042] Very preferably, the subcarrier frequency of the radio frequency transponder includes multiple transitions of less than 5, preferably a single transition within a unit period of the subcarrier frequency.

[0043] Very preferably, the subcarrier frequency of the radio frequency transponder has a unit period of less than 10 μs, and more preferably less than 8 μs.

[0044] Choosing short cycles and few transitions is advantageous for the radio frequency communication rate between the RF transponder and the bidirectional communication cable, i.e., the readout rate of the continuous portion of the radiating section of the communication cable, which is beneficial in the envisioned arrangement. In fact, due to the relative movement of the RF transponders mounted on the movable component, this arrangement is characterized by a readout distance of less than 1 meter between the bidirectional communication cable and the RF transponder during the short coupling time between the two devices. The inventors have found that this modulation mode is particularly advantageous for tracked or pneumatic transport vehicles, where the continuous portion of the radiating section of the communication cable is directly opposite the deformable portion of the movable component. Attached Figure Description

[0045] The invention will be better understood by reading the following description, which is provided by way of non-limiting example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings, and wherein:

[0046] Figure 1a and Figure 1bA perspective view of the communication space of the radiating portion of a communication cable with movable components, based on two types of movable component applications, is shown.

[0047] Figure 2 A method for implementing a bidirectional communication cable for a reading system according to the present invention is shown.

[0048] Figure 3 A 3D diagram showing how the reading system is installed in a motor vehicle is presented.

[0049] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a tire equipped with an RFID tag is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Figure 1a A tire outer tube 12, representing a deformable portion of a movable assembly, is shown. This movable assembly comprises the tire outer tube mounted on a rim, which is not shown here. The tire outer tube, or deformable portion 12, rotates about a natural axis of rotation 102. The deformable portion 12 defines a central face 101 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 102, thereby dividing the deformable portion 12 into two sub-parts symmetrical with respect to the central face 101. The deformable portion 12 is equipped with an RFID-type radio frequency transponder, i.e., without its own power source, for measuring the inflation pressure of the movable assembly using a pressure sensor, corresponding to RFID sensor-type electronics. The deformable portion 12 also includes an active TPMS-type sensor mounted on a rim valve. The radial, azimuth, and axial positions of these radio frequency devices are generally arbitrary within the movable assembly.

[0051] The deformable portion 12 is confined within a cylinder 108 having a rotation axis 102, thereby being located at the outermost radial position of the tire crown relative to the rotation axis 102. Here, the deformable portion is inflated but not statically loaded, and the cylinder 108 is located at multiple points on the tire crown, which are evenly distributed around the periphery of the tire crown.

[0052] The mounting space 104 for the continuous portion of the radiating section of the bidirectional communication cable can then be defined as a cylinder having a rotation axis coaxial with axis 102, the mounting space 104 extending radially from the outer surface of cylinder 108 relative to axis 102 by a distance R indicated by the gray arrow in the central face 101. This cylinder 104 is straight because it is constrained by a flat surface collinear with the central face 101, located in the direction of axis 102, at an axial distance A from the central face 101, on either side of the central face 101. These axial distances A are visualized by the gray arrows carried by axis 102. The continuous portion of the radiating section of the directional communication cable must be positioned within the straight cylinder 104, the length of which is at least one unit of cable length defined by the transmission frequency F0 of the reading system, so that the radio frequency device of the movable component can communicate with the reading system mounted on the vehicle using the bidirectional communication cable.

[0053] Figure 1b A conveyor belt 1, which is a movable component, is shown. The conveyor belt 12 represents a deformable portion of the movable component and is driven by two drive rollers 11a and 11b, which serve as a non-deformable portion of the movable component. These drive rollers 11a and 11b are driven by a thermal propulsion system (not shown) of the transport vehicle.

[0054] The conveyor belt or deformable portion 12 rotates about two natural axes of rotation 102a and 102b. The deformable portion 12 defines a central face 101 perpendicular to the axes of rotation 102a and 102b, thus dividing the deformable portion 12 into two sub-parts symmetrical with respect to the central face 101. The deformable portion 12 is equipped with an RFID-type radio frequency transponder, i.e., without its own power source, for identifying the conveyor belt.

[0055] The deformable portion 12 can be divided into three regions at any time. The first region corresponds to the rotation of the conveyor belt around the rotation axis 102a by means of the drive roller 11a, and is shown as a semicircle in the figure. The second region corresponds to the rotation of the conveyor belt around the second rotation axis 102b by means of the second drive roller 11b. Finally, the third region corresponds to the remainder of the conveyor belt 12, wherein movement of the conveyor belt 12 in this region corresponds to translational movement in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axes 102a and 102b. The first region is constrained by a semi-cylinder 103a having the rotation axis 102a, thus located at the radially outermost position of the conveyor belt 12 in the first region relative to the rotation axis 102a. In essence, this cylinder extends infinitely in the direction of the rotation axis 102a. The second region is similarly constrained by a semi-cylinder 103b having the rotation axis 102b, thus located at the radially outermost position of the conveyor belt 12 in the second region relative to the rotation axis 102b.

[0056] Then, the installation space 104 of the continuous portion of the radiating part of the bidirectional communication cable can be defined as a geometry composed of several basic geometric shapes.

[0057] First of all, Figure 1b In the case of the second region of conveyor belt 12, the basic shape is a semi-cylinder with a rotation axis coaxial with axis 102b. The second region extends radially from the outer surface of the semi-cylinder 103b relative to axis 102b by a distance R, which is represented by the difference between the gray arrows R2 and R1 shown in the central face 101. The first semi-cylinder is straight because it is constrained by a flat surface collinear with the central face 101, located in the direction of axis 102b, at an axial distance A from the central face 101, on either side of the central face 101. These axial distances A are visualized by gray arrows collinear with axis 102b. Similarly, for the first region of conveyor belt 12, the basic shape is also a semi-cylinder with a rotation axis coaxial with axis 102a. The first region extends radially from the outer surface of the semi-cylinder 103a relative to axis 102a by the same distance R as the first semi-cylinder. Here, rollers 11a and 11b have the same radius, denoted as R1, but they can usually be different. However, the radial distance R from the outer surface of the conveyor belt 12 is always the same between the semi-cylinders.

[0058] In general, the first and second regions are cylindrical portions that are inversely proportional to the number of rotation axes of the movable component 1. For example, if the movable component 1 has three rotation axes of type 102, then the cylindrical portions correspond to one-third of the complete cylinder.

[0059] The second semi-cylinder is straight because it is defined by a flat surface collinear with the central face 101, located on either side of the central face 101 at a distance A from the central face 101 along the direction of axis 102a. Typically, these are always portions of a straight cylinder because they are defined by a flat surface collinear with the central face 101.

[0060] Finally, the third basic form of the installation space 104 is a polyhedron. Figure 1b In this case, it is a hexahedron, comprising two surfaces parallel to the central face 101, each surface spaced axially by a distance A on either side of the central face 101. The polyhedron is completed by closed planes of cylindrical portions constructed from a radial distance R from the outer surface of the conveyor belt 12. Figure 1bIn this case, the movable component 1 has two axes of rotation and two closed planes that are parallel to each other. However, regardless of the number of closed planes, they are perpendicular to the central face 101, and thus perpendicular to the initial flat surface of the polyhedron. In the typical case where the number of axes of rotation of the movable component 1 is greater than two, each cylindrical portion will define two closed planes, forming an angle between the two closed surfaces equal to that of the cylindrical portion. For example, if the movable component includes three axes of rotation, each third of the cylinder includes two closed planes forming an angle of 120 degrees between them. Necessarily, each closed plane of the cylindrical portion finds a closed plane parallel to the cylindrical portion of the axis of rotation adjacent to the first axis of rotation. Finally, the polyhedron is closed by a plurality of flat surfaces, the number of which is equal to the number of axes of rotation of the movable component 1 perpendicular to the central face 101. Here, the movable component 1 of the conveyor has two axes of rotation, and the polyhedron is a hexahedron closed by two planes of the free edges of paired joining semi-cylinders. The only reason these planes are parallel is that the non-deformable components 11a and 11b of the movable component 1 have the same radius.

[0061] Of course, the mounting plane 104 of the continuous portion of the radiating section of the bidirectional communication cable is very similar to that of a tracked movable assembly with two or more drive wheels (which have collinear axes of rotation).

[0062] The continuous portion of the radiating section of the directional communication cable must be positioned in polyhedron 104, the continuous portion having at least one unit of cable length defined by the transmission frequency F0 of the reading system, so that the radio frequency device of the movable component 1 can communicate with the reading system installed on the vehicle.

[0063] Figure 2 A bidirectional communication cable 32 with a different configuration than the leaky-feed antenna is shown, which works very well for RFID tag applications, but is not the only one.

[0064] Cable 32 includes an elongated bipolar coaxial conductor structure 312 having a conductive inner conductor 314 and a conductive sheath conductor 316 coaxially surrounding the inner conductor 314. In the example shown, the inner conductor 314 is cylindrical, and the sheath conductor 316 is hollow and cylindrical.

[0065] Both the inner conductor 314 and the sheath conductor 316 are made of metallic material, wherein an electrically insulating interlayer (e.g., plastic) is advantageously radially present between the inner conductor 314 and the sheath conductor 316 along the entire length of the conductive structure 312.

[0066] The first end 318 of the conductive structure 312 is configured to connect to the transmitter and / or receiver of the reading system, respectively, for transmitting or receiving antenna signals via the cable 32. In the example shown, for this purpose, the cable 32 is provided with a conventional coaxial plug 320, which conventionally provides electrical connectors for the inner conductor 314 and the sheath conductor 316 at the first end 318.

[0067] An extension 324 of the inner conductor 314 is disposed at the second opposing end 322 of the conductor structure 312. In the illustrated example, the extension 324 is integrally formed with the inner conductor 314 and is therefore electrically connected to the inner conductor 314. The extension 424 extends linearly and coaxially away from the sheath conductor 316 from the second end 322 of the conductive structure 312 along the path of the inner conductor 314 and the sheath conductor 316 directly before the second end 322.

[0068] The inner conductor extension 324 extends in a straight line to the free end 326 of the inner conductor extension 324, wherein some capacitive coupling exists at the free end 326 or the inner conductor extension 324 to the sheath conductor 316 in the region of its second end 322, depending on the length of the inner conductor extension 324.

[0069] In one transmission mode of cable 32, if an antenna signal to be transmitted is introduced at the coaxial plug 320 at the first end 318, the antenna signal propagates through the conductive structure 312 to the end 322, where it is more or less reflected back in the form of a related traveling wave from the second end 322 flowing back along the sheath conductor 316 toward the first end 318.

[0070] For the appropriate selected operating mode, such as the frequency and power of the injected antenna signal, cable 32 can generate an alternating electromagnetic field around it, but with relatively little radiation. In "coupled mode," cable 32 operates like a traveling wave antenna, allowing for good control over its range.

[0071] exist Figure 2 In the example shown, the surface wave attenuation device 330 is arranged on the outer periphery of the sheath conductor 316 at a certain distance from the second end 322, at a point between the two ends 318 and 322. In the example shown, the device is formed by a plurality of ferrite rings 332, 334, 336 and 338, each ferrite ring surrounding the outer periphery of the sheath conductor 316.

[0072] Ferrite rings 332 to 338 are arranged a distance apart from each other in the longitudinal direction of the conductive structure 312, and when these waves reach the position of the attenuation device 330, they advantageously attenuate the traveling waves transmitted from the second end 322 of the conductive structure 312.

[0073] The attenuation device 330, formed by the arrangement of ferrite rings 332 to 338 or their positions in the path of the coaxial conductor structure 312, divides the total length of the conductor structure 312 into a signal conduction portion 340 and a radiation portion 342. During operation of the cable 32, the portion 340 is used to conduct antenna signals emitted from or toward the first end 318, and the portion 342 is used to transmit information and / or power emitted from or toward the cable 32.

[0074] The number of ferrite rings and the individual spacing between them can be adapted to the corresponding application or the operating parameters of cable 32.

[0075] At least one ferrite ring may also be provided. In the case of multiple ferrite rings, it is preferred to have at least the "first" ferrite ring closest to the second end 322, i.e., the ferrite ring 332 in the example shown, arranged such that it can move along the conductive structure 312.

[0076] As a result, the performance of the resulting attenuation device can be influenced or adapted to practical applications.

[0077] Alternatively, or in addition to ferrite rings 332 to 338, attenuation device 330 may deviate from the example shown and include various attenuation components, such as an electrical network structure consisting of capacitor components and / or inductor and / or resistor elements, arranged at relevant points along the path of conduction structure 312 and connected on both sides to portions 340, 342 of conduction structure 312 leading to the first end 318 and the second end 322.

[0078] The main cable assembly 32 is formed by a coaxial conductive structure 312, which may be a flexible or semi-rigid cable, or a rigid structure having an "open end" or the aforementioned inner conductor extension 324.

[0079] In the region of the inner conductor extension 324, the shielding sheath conductor 316 is partially removed from the remaining region of the conductor structure, thereby creating a dipole antenna, one arm of which is formed by the inner conductor extension 324 and the other arm by the sheath conductor 316. Other methods for achieving capacitive coupling are also available, but are not described here.

[0080] Here, a surface wave attenuation device 330, formed by one or more ferrite rings, limits the effective antenna length for transmission / reception of section 342.

[0081] In addition to adjusting the antenna length, the position of the attenuation device 330, especially the position of the first ferrite ring 332, also affects the characteristics of the attenuation device 330, and thus affects the characteristics of the returning traveling wave.

[0082] If the inner conductor extension 324 has a length that is at least approximately one-quarter wavelength of the antenna signal, it is generally advantageous for generating the desired return traveling wave.

[0083] With a suitable geometry and corresponding operating mode for cable 32, most of the transmitted signal can be transmitted as sheath current (courant de gaine) along the “signal transmitter / receiver section” 342, and relatively little high-frequency energy can be radiated (“coupled mode”).

[0084] The length of the inner conductor extension 324 can be selected in such a way that the desired impedance is defined in conjunction with the position of the first ferrite ring 332 in order to achieve the highest possible reflection loss of the cable 32.

[0085] The length of cable 32 and the lengths of the aforementioned parts are suitable for the applications discussed.

[0086] In summary, the structure, function, and advantages of cable 32 can be described as follows:

[0087] - The main cable assembly 32 is formed by a coaxial conductive structure 312, which may be a flexible or semi-rigid cable, or a rigid structure having an "open end" or the aforementioned inner conductor extension 324.

[0088] - In the region of the inner conductor extension 324, the shielding sheath conductor 316 is partially removed from the remaining region of the conductor structure to create a dipole antenna, one arm of which is formed by the inner conductor extension 324 and the other arm of which is formed by the sheath conductor 316.

[0089] - Here, the surface wave attenuation device 330, formed by one or more ferrite rings, limits the effective antenna length for transmission / reception of section 342.

[0090] - In addition to adjusting the antenna length, the position of the attenuation device 330, especially the position of the first ferrite ring 332 in this case, also affects the characteristics of the attenuation device 330, and thus affects the characteristics of the returning traveling wave.

[0091] - If the length of the inner conductor extension 324 at least approximately represents a quarter wavelength of the antenna signal, then it is necessary for the generation of the desired return traveling wave.

[0092] - With a suitable geometry and corresponding operating mode for cable 32, most of the transmitted signal can be transmitted as sheath current along the “signal transmitter / receiver section” 342, and relatively little high-frequency energy can be radiated (“coupled mode”).

[0093] - The length of the inner conductor extension 324 can be selected in such a way that the desired impedance is defined in conjunction with the position of the first ferrite ring 332 in order to achieve the highest possible reflection loss of the cable 32.

[0094] Here, l1 is the length of the signal conductor portion 340, l2 is the length of the surface wave attenuation device 330, l3 is the length of the signal transmitter / receiver portion 342, and l4 is the length of the inner conductor extension.

[0095] The distance d1 refers to the distance between ferrite rings 332 and 334. This distance d1 is, for example, between 5 mm and 20 mm.

[0096] The sheath conductor 316 of the coaxial conductor structure 312 has at least one opening, which is drawn with a dashed line and marked 339 as an example. The distance between the opening 339 and the attenuation device 330 is marked by d2 and is in the range of 1m to 5m. However, multiple openings 339 may also be arranged along the length of the signal transmitter / receiver section 342, with their spacing between each other between 0.1 and 5 times the signal wavelength.

[0097] Figure 3 A perspective view shows how the reading system 3 is installed in a transportation vehicle 2, such as a motor vehicle.

[0098] Motor vehicle 2 is represented here by a transparent volume representing a closed, fitted body, corresponding to a complete vehicle with the axles and drivetrain removed. However, vehicle 2 is shown with four cavities, 21a-1, 21a-2, 21b-1, and 21b-2, each designed to house mounting components for the vehicle. These mounting components include RFID tags and TMS sensors embedded in the tires.

[0099] The vehicle 2 also includes a reading system 3 capable of communicating with the radio frequency device of the mounting components. The reading system 3 includes a first device for transmitting and reading electrical signals 31, located at a baffle in the vehicle 2. The baffle is a wall substantially perpendicular to the ground on which the vehicle travels, defining the boundary between the engine compartment and the passenger compartment of the vehicle at the front of the vehicle 2. Therefore, the device 31 includes both an electrical signal transmitter and an electrical signal demodulator.

[0100] From the device 31, two bidirectional communication cables 32a and 32b extend to the left and right sides of the vehicle 2, respectively. These communication cables are as follows: Figure 2 The traveling wave cables shown are mounted on device 31 to form a current connection. Each cable 32a, 32b passes through the structure of vehicle 2 to reach the vicinity of at least one cavity of the receiving mounting assembly. Each cable has a signal transmission section that begins at device 31 and then radiates outwards.

[0101] In fact, as Figure 3 As shown, each cable 32a, 32b reaches the vicinity of two cavities for receiving mounting assemblies corresponding to the front and rear axles of vehicle 2. In the first cavity 21a-1, cable 32a has a continuous portion 32a-1 located at the wheel arch, described as a 120-degree angular sector around the axis of the front axle. This portion 32a-1 of the communication cable 32a is located in the communication area of ​​the radio frequency device of the mounting assembly to be housed in cavity 21a-1. Therefore, this portion of the communication cable 32a will communicate with the radio frequency device of the mounting assembly present in receiving cavity 21a-1.

[0102] However, the same cable 32a then extends toward a second receiving cavity 21a-2 located on the left side of vehicle 2 at the position of the rear axle. In this cavity 21a-2, the cable 32a has a continuous radiating second portion 32a-2 located in the communication area of ​​the radio frequency device of the mounting assembly to be housed within the cavity 21a-2. The second continuous radiating portion 32a-2 extends at an angle in a 90-degree sector about the axis of rotation of the rear axle. The rear axle is non-directional here, so the angular movement of the assembly is small during the driving phase. Therefore, compared to the axle-oriented portion 32a-1, radio frequency communication between the continuous and radiating portions 32a-2 of the bidirectional communication cable 32a is advantageous, thereby generating angular movement of the mounting assembly, for example, during cornering. These two continuous and radiating portions 32a-1 and 32a-2 are separate and can only communicate with each other. However, in the case of dual axles, such as in the case of commercial vehicles in traction mode, the continuous portion 32a-2 located near cavity 21a-2 will be able to communicate with various dual-mounted components located on the same axle and on the same side of vehicle 2.

[0103] Similarly, due to the symmetry of the vehicle 2, the communication cable 32b includes a radiating section with two separate continuous portions, each communicating with mounting components located on the front and rear axles respectively. The total length of the bidirectional communication cables 32a and 32b does not exceed 5 meters. The lengths of the continuous radiating portions 32a-1, 32a-2, 32b-1, and 32b-2 are greater than 50 centimeters, corresponding to one-quarter of the length of a passenger car tire. This length exceeds the cable length unit for 920MHz or 2.4GHz UHF radio frequency communication.

[0104] Figure 4A detailed schematic diagram of a tire outer casing forming a deformable portion 12 of a movable assembly 1 is shown. The movable assembly 1 is represented by a mounting assembly formed by an inflated tire outer casing mounted on a rim. The rim represents the non-deformable portion of the movable assembly. The figure focuses on the tire bead 84. The figure shows the position of an RFID tag-type radio frequency transponder 100 relative to the carcass ply 87 in the outer region of the tire outer casing.

[0105] The bead 84 is composed of bead wires 85, and a carcass ply 87 is wound around the bead wires 85. A folded portion 88 is located in the outer region of the tire outer layer. The folded portion 88 of the carcass ply 87 ends at a free edge 881. A rubber block 91, called bead wire filler, is located radially outside and adjacent to the bead wires 85. It has a radially outer free edge 911 that rests on the surface of the carcass ply 87 (more precisely, on the outer calendering of the carcass ply, there is no direct contact between the cords of the carcass ply and the radio frequency transponder 100). A second rubber block 92, called "reinforcing filler," is adjacent to it. It has two free edges. A first free edge 921 is located radially inside and rests on the folded portion 88 of the carcass ply. Another free edge 922 is located radially outside and terminates on the surface of the carcass ply 87. Finally, the sidewall 83 covers both the reinforcing filler 92 and the carcass ply 87. The sidewall has a free edge 831 that is radially inward and terminates in the folded portion 88 of the carcass ply.

[0106] In this configuration, the airtight inner liner 90, adjacent to the carcass ply 87, is located in the inner region of the pneumatic tire. It terminates at a free edge 901 adjacent to the carcass ply 87. Finally, a protective bead 93 protects the airtight inner liner 90, the reinforcing filler rubber 92, and the carcass ply 87 and radially inner ends 901, 921, and 831 of the sidewall 83, respectively. When the tire is mounted on a wheel, the outer surface of the protective bead 93 can directly contact the rim flange. The protective bead 93 has two radially outer free edges. The first free edge 931 is located in the inner region of the tire 1. The second free edge 932 is located in the outer region of the tire 1.

[0107] The tire bead 84 is equipped with two RFID tags 100 and 100bis located in the outer region of the tire outer layer. A first radio frequency transponder 100, pre-encapsulated in electrically insulating rubber, is located on the outer surface of the bead wire filler 91. It is positioned 20 mm from the free edge 881 of the folded portion 88 of the carcass ply that constitutes the mechanical singularity. This location ensures the mechanical stability of the electronic components 100, which is beneficial to mechanical durability. Furthermore, embedding it within the structure of the mechanical tire provides excellent protection against mechanical attacks from the outside of the tire.

[0108] The second RFID transponder 100bis is pre-encapsulated in an electrically insulating encapsulating rubber material compatible with or similar to that of the sidewall 83, located on the outer surface of the sidewall. The material similarity between the sidewall 83 and the encapsulating rubber ensures that the RFID transponder 100bis is mounted inside and around the sidewall 83 during the curing process. The RFID tag 100bis is simply placed on the uncured outer surface of the sidewall 83 during the tire's manufacturing process. As shown, pressurizing the green body in the curing mold ensures that the RFID tag 100bis is positioned in the cured state. The RFID transponder 100bis is located away from any free edges of the tire's rubber components. Specifically, it is spaced apart from the free edge 932 of the protective bead, the free edge 881 of the carcass ply, and the free edges 911 and 922 of the filler rubber. Its position above the bead ensures improved communication performance with external RFID readers.

Claims

1. A means of transport (2) equipped with at least one movable component (1) capable of ensuring relative movement of the means of transport relative to another mechanical system, the movable component comprising a deformable portion (12) configured to move about at least one axis of rotation (102, 102a, 102b) by non-deformable components (11a, 11b), free movement of the at least one movable component (1) occurring in a principal two-dimensional plane in a reference frame associated with the at least one movable component, the deformable portion (12) of the at least one movable component (1) defining a central front (101) perpendicular to one or more axes of rotation (102, 102a, 102b), the deformable portion (12) of the at least one movable component (1) being equipped with an radio frequency transponder including a radio frequency transponder reading system (3), the reading system (3) comprising: - An electrical signal transmitter that transmits an electrical signal at a frequency F0 included in the ultra-high frequency band, which is coupled to an electrical signal demodulator mounted on a vehicle that is suitable for a frequency band near F0; - At least one bidirectional communication cable (32) comprising a conductive core (314) covered with a dielectric material, which itself is covered with a partially flexible sheath conductor (316), one end (318) of which is currently connected to an electrical signal transmitter, and its length lo is divided according to a metric in which the unit of the metric is wavelength defined by frequency F0. - At least one cable (32) is fixed to at least one movable component (1) of an external transport vehicle (2), and at least one cable (32) includes a radiating portion (342). The feature is that the abscissa of the curve of the first continuous portion (32a-1, 32b-1) of the radiating portion (342) of at least one cable (32) is at least greater than one unit of cable length, wherein the distance of the orthogonal projection P of the first continuous portion (32a-1, 32b-1) of the radiating portion of at least one cable (32) on the deformable portion (12), located between two adjacent rotation axes (102a, 102b) and collinear with these two rotation axes (102a, 102b), and / or the radial projection R of the first continuous portion (32a-1, 32b-1) of the radiating portion of at least one cable on the cylinder (104) is... The distance is less than or equal to 1 meter, the rotation axis of the cylinder (104) is coaxial with the rotation axis (102, 102a, 102b) of at least one non-deformable component (11a, 11b), constraining the deformable portion (12) in contact with at least one non-deformable component (11a, 11b), wherein the distance of the axial projection A of the first continuous portion (32a-1, 32b-1) of the radial portion of at least one cable in the direction of one or more rotation axes (102, 102a, 102b) on the central front (101) of the deformable portion (12) of at least one movable component (1) is less than or equal to 2 meters.

2. The means of transport according to claim 1, wherein, At least one cable (32) has a radiating portion comprising at least one second continuous portion (32a-2, 32b-2) that does not intersect with the first continuous portion (32a-1, 32b-1), the abscissa of the curve of at least one second continuous portion (32a-2, 32b-2) being at least one unit greater than the length of the cable, the distance between the orthogonal projection P of at least one second continuous portion (32a-2, 32b-2) of the radiating portion of at least one cable on a plane located between two adjacent rotation axes (102a, 102b) and collinear with the two rotation axes (102a, 102b) of the deformable portion (12) of at least one second movable component (1), and / or the radial projection of at least one second continuous portion (32a-2, 32b-2) of the radiating portion of at least one cable on the cylinder. The distance of the shadow R is less than or equal to 1 meter, the rotation axis of the cylinder is coaxial with the rotation axis (102, 102a, 102b) of at least one non-deformable component (11a, 11b) of at least one second movable component (1), constrains the deformable portion (12) in contact with at least one non-deformable component (11a, 11b) of at least one second continuous portion (32a-2, 32b-2) of at least one cable radiation portion on the central front (101) of at least one second movable component (1) in the direction of at least one rotation axis (102, 102a, 102b) of at least one second movable component (1), and the distance of the axial projection A of at least one second movable component (1) of at least one cable radiation portion on the central front (101) of at least one second movable component (1) in the direction of at least one rotation axis (102, 102a, 102b) of at least one second movable component (1) is less than or equal to 2 meters.

3. The means of transport according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, At least one cable (32) is provided with an inner conductor extension (324) at its free end (322), the inner conductor extension (324) being connected to the conductive core (314) and covered with a second dielectric material, the second dielectric material being partially covered by a sheath conductor (316), the length of the inner conductor extension (324) of the sheath conductor being suitable for the bandwidth of a reading system with capacitive coupling performance.

4. The means of transport according to claim 3, wherein, In the radiating portion (342) of the cable (32), the sheath conductor (316) is covered by a grounded second sheath conductor.

5. The means of transport according to claim 1, wherein, The radio frequency antenna of the radio frequency transponder includes at least one wire bundle defining a first longitudinal axis and at least one continuous portion (32a-1, 32b-1) and / or at least one second continuous portion (32a-2, 32b-2) of the radiating portion of at least one cable (32) defining a centerline, wherein the angle formed by the pointing vectors of the first longitudinal axis and the centerline is less than 30 degrees over at least a portion of a closed path described by at least one movable component (1).

6. The means of transport according to claim 5, wherein, Radio frequency transponders are RFID tags (100, 100bis).

7. The means of transport according to claim 1, wherein, The means of transport (2) includes the group comprising tracked land vehicles, land vehicles with deformable and elastic tires, and conveyor belts.

8. The means of transport according to claim 1, wherein, The deformable portion (12) of the movable component (1) is included in the group comprising a deformable and elastic tire, an elastomeric hybrid conveyor belt and an elastomeric hybrid track.

9. The means of transport according to claim 1, wherein, The movable component describes rotational movement about a single axis of rotation (102), and at least one continuous portion of the cable describes an angular sector about the single axis of rotation (102), the angular sector being at least greater than 30 degrees.

10. The means of transport according to claim 9, wherein, At least one continuous portion of the radiating portion of a cable is fixed to at least one wall, and at least one wall defines a cavity (21a-1, 21a-2, 21b-1, 21b-2) of the transport vehicle (2) for accommodating movable components.

11. The means of transport according to any one of claims 9 and 10, wherein, At least one first continuous portion (32a-1, 32b-1) and / or at least one second continuous portion (32a-2, 32b-2) of the radiating portion of a cable extends from a single axis of rotation (102) of the movable component by a constant radial distance.

12. The means of transport according to claim 1, wherein, The radio frequency transponder transmits at a subcarrier frequency.

13. The means of transport according to claim 12, wherein, The number of times the subcarrier frequency of the radio frequency transponder switches within a unit cycle of the subcarrier frequency is less than 5.

14. The means of transport according to any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein, The subcarrier frequency of the radio frequency transponder is less than 10µs.

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