A counterweight combination calculation method for a tower crane

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of crane counterweight, and provides a tower crane counterweight combination calculation method, comprising the following steps: step 1, establishing a tower crane coordinate system; step 2, establishing a counterweight balance calculation formula and a discriminant condition formula according to the balancing effect of the counterweight; step 3, determining the counterweight balance calculation formula and the discriminant condition formula according to the state of the tower crane; step 4, reading the parameter data of the tower crane; step 5, inputting the counterweight combination calculation related parameters to determine the search range; and step 6, searching for the optimal solution in the search range. The present application can quickly perform the tower crane counterweight combination calculation, and is convenient to use, time-saving and labor-saving, and the calculation result is reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crane counterweight technology, and in particular to a method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of national construction needs and engineering machinery technology, tower cranes are widely used in various fields such as construction, petrochemicals, wind power, and nuclear power. Because tower cranes have a high center of gravity and require lifting, luffing, and slewing operations to move heavy objects, their operation is inherently dangerous.

[0003] Currently, the counterweight combination for tower cranes mostly uses traditional calculation methods, which involve manual calculation based on experience and appropriate adjustments before finalization.

[0004] Traditional tower crane counterweight combinations are typically pre-selected based on experience, followed by verification calculations. If the requirements are met, the combination is considered acceptable; otherwise, the counterweight combination values ​​are manually modified and recalculated. This process is slow and rarely yields the optimal counterweight combination, leading to unreasonable combinations. This can result in counterweights that are too heavy or too light, causing tower deformation, increased stress, and potentially even major accidents such as tower crane overturning. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention primarily addresses the technical problem that traditional tower crane counterweight combinations typically involve pre-selecting a set of counterweights based on experience, performing verification calculations, and then manually modifying the counterweight combination values ​​and recalculating if the requirements are met. This process is slow and makes it difficult to obtain the optimal counterweight combination solution. The invention proposes a tower crane counterweight combination calculation method that enables rapid calculation of tower crane counterweight combinations. This method is convenient to use, saves time and effort, and provides reliable calculation results.

[0006] This invention provides a method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Establish the coordinate system for the tower crane;

[0008] Step 2: Based on the balancing effect of the counterweight, establish the counterweight balance calculation formula and the discrimination condition formula;

[0009] Step 3: Determine the counterweight balance calculation formula and the judgment condition formula based on the status of the tower crane;

[0010] Step 4: Read the parameter data of the tower crane;

[0011] Step 5: Input the relevant parameters for calculating the counterweight combination and determine the search range;

[0012] Step 6: Find the optimal solution within the search range.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 1, the tower crane coordinate system takes the intersection point O of the tower rotation plane and the vertical line of the tower center as the origin. The tower rotation plane is the tower rotation support rotation plane, and the vertical line of the tower center is a straight line perpendicular to the ground and passing through the center point of the tower's fixed section on the ground. The positive X-axis is the direction away from the tower when the boom is parallel to the ground. The positive Z-axis is perpendicular to the ground and upward. The positive Y-axis is perpendicular to the boom axis and conforms to the right-hand rule with the X and Z axes.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 2, two counterweight balance calculation formulas are provided for selection;

[0015] Steps 201a to 203a are the formulas for calculating the counterweight balance in case one, considering the presence of impact load, dynamic load, and sudden unloading.

[0016] Steps 201b to 203b are for case two, where the tower crane is in a steady state.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific processes of steps 201a to 203a are as follows:

[0018] Step 201a, considering the presence of impact load, dynamic load, and sudden unloading, the forward tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting weight at the maximum amplitude under the boom length is calculated with point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (1):

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, M 前 This represents the forward tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting weight at this boom length, where α represents the self-weight variation coefficient. M represents the trolley bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at this arm length. 起重臂 M represents the bending moment of the crane boom. 变幅机构 Indicates the bending moment of the luffing mechanism. This represents the bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This indicates the hook bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at this boom length. M represents the wire rope bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at that arm length. 平衡臂 M represents the balance arm bending moment. 起升机构 M represents the bending moment of the hoisting mechanism. 配重 Indicates the counterweight bending moment. Indicates the lifting power coefficient;

[0021] Step 202a, using point O as the reference, calculate the back tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at the maximum radius under this boom length as shown in the following formula (2):

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, M 后 This indicates the tilting moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This indicates the maximum trolley bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This represents the maximum lifting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This represents the hook bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This represents the maximum wire bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This indicates a sudden unloading of the power coefficient;

[0024] Step 203a: According to the calculation formula, the optimal state is when the current and backward bending moments are equal. Establish the discriminant (5), where k is the discriminant coefficient. When k approaches 1, it is considered that the condition is met. The following discriminant condition formula is obtained:

[0025]

[0026] Furthermore, the specific processes of steps 201b to 203b are as follows:

[0027] Step 201b: When the tower crane is in a steady state, calculate the full-load bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length, with point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (3):

[0028] M 满 =(M 吊物 +M 小车 +M 吊钩 +M 起重臂 +M 变幅机构 )-(M 平衡臂 +M 起升机构 )-M 配重 (4)

[0029] In the formula, M 满 M represents the full-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length. 吊物 M represents the maximum lifting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. 小车 M represents the trolley bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length. 吊钩 M represents the hook bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length. 起重臂 M represents the bending moment of the crane boom. 变幅机构 M represents the bending moment of the luffing mechanism. 平衡臂 M represents the balance arm bending moment. 起升机构 M represents the bending moment of the hoisting mechanism. 配重 Indicates the counterweight bending moment;

[0030] Step 202b: Calculate the no-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length, using point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (4):

[0031] M 空 =(M 小车 +M 吊钩 +M 起重臂 +M 变幅机构 )-(M 平衡臂 +M 起升机构 )-M 配重 (5)

[0032] In the formula, M 空 This represents the no-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length;

[0033] Step 203b: According to the calculation formula, the optimal state is when the full and no-load bending moments are equal. Establish the discriminant (6), which is the same as in formula (3), where k is the discriminant coefficient. When k approaches 1, it is considered to meet the condition. The following discriminant condition formula is obtained:

[0034]

[0035] Furthermore, step 4 includes the following steps 401 to 403:

[0036] Step 401: Read the lifting performance table of the tower crane to be designed to obtain the boom length combination data of the tower crane; the maximum radius of each boom length and its corresponding lifting capacity; the maximum lifting capacity of each boom length and its corresponding maximum radius.

[0037] Step 402: Read the mass and center of gravity of the tower crane's counterweight boom, jib, luffing mechanism, hook pulley block, hoisting mechanism, and wire rope;

[0038] Step 403: Set the basic parameters of the counterweight and the relevant parameters considering the presence of impact loads; wherein, the basic parameters of the counterweight include: the distance Lp from the farthest end of the counterweight arrangement space to point O and the thickness d of the counterweight block; the relevant parameters considering the presence of impact loads include: the self-weight variation coefficient α, the dynamic load coefficient... Dynamic load factor

[0039] Furthermore, in step 5, the relevant parameters for calculating the counterweight combination include: the number of counterweight blocks N, and the weight of a single counterweight block M. p Types of counterweights T num The counterweights are arranged in order of mass P along the positive X-axis, and the counterweights are arranged in the direction D. A search space F(N, M) is established. p T numThe search range is: (P, D)

[0040] n min <N<n max

[0041] m pmin <M p <m pmax

[0042] t nummin <T num <t nummax

[0043] P: 0 - from largest to smallest; 1 - from smallest to largest;

[0044] D: 0 - from far to near; 1 - from near to far.

[0045] Furthermore, step 6 includes the following steps 601 to 606:

[0046] Step 601: Establish the discrimination condition, wherein the discrimination condition is Δk. min <k i <Δk max ; where k i Let Δk be the i-th discriminant coefficient, where i is a constant greater than or equal to 0. min Δk is the minimum value that the discriminant coefficient k can take. max This represents the maximum value that the discriminant coefficient k can take.

[0047] Step 602, set the initial value of the search range F0(N0, M) p0 T num0 (P0, D0); where N0 represents the initial value of the number of counterweights, M... p0 T represents the initial value of the weight of a single counterweight. num0 The initial values ​​represent the types of counterweights, P0 represents the initial arrangement order of the counterweights according to the positive X-axis, and D0 represents the initial arrangement direction of the counterweights.

[0048] Step 603: Calculate k for the tower crane at its maximum boom length according to equation (3) or equation (6). i Value; where k0 represents the initial value of the discriminant coefficient;

[0049] Step 604, determine k i Check if the discrimination criteria are met. If not, modify N and M in step 5. p T num Value, establish the search range value F i (N i M pi T numi P iD i Then return to step 603 to recalculate k. i Value; if the discrimination condition is met, then calculate F for other boom length cases of the tower crane according to equation (3) or (6). i value;

[0050] Step 605, when F for all boom length cases of the tower crane calculated in step 604... i When all values ​​meet the discrimination criteria, record the type T of the counterweight. num The number of each type of counterweight, the number of counterweights in each arm length combination, and F for each arm length. i value;

[0051] Step 606, when the number of counterweights N and the weight of a single counterweight M p Types of counterweights T num When the weights of the counterweights are arranged in order of P along the positive X-axis and the direction of the counterweight arrangement D both reach the maximum value of the search range, the types of counterweights, the weights of each type, the number of blocks in each arm length combination, and the corresponding k value of all records in step 605 are counted. The record with the discrimination coefficient k calculated for each combination that is closest to 1 is the optimal solution for the counterweight combination.

[0052] The method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0053] 1. Using this counterweight combination calculation method, multiple counterweight combination schemes that meet the requirements can be quickly obtained, saving time and labor costs and improving calculation efficiency.

[0054] 2. This method can calculate all possible combinations of counterweights that meet the conditions based on the existing counterweight specifications and the expected maximum quantity, eliminating the need for manual trial and error calculations and iterative modifications.

[0055] 3. Users can select the optimal counterweight combination solution according to the actual situation to achieve the optimal counterweight layout, the least amount of counterweight material, and the best balancing effect, so as to effectively utilize resources and improve utilization rate. Attached Figure Description

[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the tower crane counterweight combination calculation method provided by the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the counterweight arrangement;

[0058] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the counterweights from largest to smallest and from closest to furthest.

[0059] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the counterweights from smallest to largest and from farthest to nearest.

[0060] Figure 3c This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the counterweights from largest to smallest and from farthest to closest. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the technical problems solved by this invention, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all of them.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane, which includes the following process:

[0063] Step 1: Establish the coordinate system of the tower crane.

[0064] like Figure 2 , Figure 3a As shown in -c, the coordinate system of the tower crane has its origin at the intersection point O of the tower's rotation plane and the vertical line from the tower's center. The tower's rotation plane is the plane supporting its rotation. The vertical line from the tower's center is a straight line perpendicular to the ground and passing through the center point of the tower's fixed section on the ground. The positive X-axis is the direction away from the tower when the boom is parallel to the ground. The positive Z-axis is perpendicular to the ground and upwards. The positive Y-axis is perpendicular to the boom's axis and follows the right-hand rule with the X and Z axes. The boom direction is defined as "forward," and the counterweight boom direction as "backward."

[0065] Step 2: Based on the balancing effect of the counterweight, establish the counterweight balance calculation formula and the discrimination condition formula.

[0066] This invention provides two counterweight balance calculation formulas for selection. Steps 201a to 203a are for case one, considering the presence of impact loads, dynamic loads, and sudden unloading. Steps 201b to 203b are for case two, where the tower crane is in a steady state.

[0067] The specific processes of steps 201a to 203a are as follows:

[0068] Step 201a, considering the presence of impact load, dynamic load, and sudden unloading, the forward tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting weight at the maximum amplitude under the boom length is calculated with point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (1):

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, M 前This represents the forward tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting weight at this boom length, where α represents the self-weight variation coefficient. M represents the trolley bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at this arm length. 起重臂 M represents the bending moment of the crane boom. 变幅机构 Indicates the bending moment of the luffing mechanism. This represents the bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This indicates the hook bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at this boom length. M represents the wire rope bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at that arm length. 平衡臂 M represents the balance arm bending moment. 起升机构 M represents the bending moment of the hoisting mechanism. 配重 Indicates the counterweight bending moment. This indicates the lifting power coefficient.

[0071] Step 202a, using point O as the reference, calculate the back tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at the maximum radius under this boom length as shown in the following formula (2):

[0072]

[0073] In the formula, M 后 This indicates the tilting moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This indicates the maximum trolley bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This represents the maximum lifting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This represents the hook bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This represents the maximum wire bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This indicates the sudden unloading of the power coefficient.

[0074] Step 203a: According to the calculation formula, the optimal state is when the current and backward bending moments are equal. Therefore, establish the discriminant (5), where k is the discriminant coefficient. When k approaches 1, it is considered to meet the condition.

[0075]

[0076] The specific processes of steps 201b to 203b are as follows:

[0077] Step 201b: When the tower crane is in a steady state, calculate the full-load bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length, with point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (3):

[0078] M 满 =(M 吊物 +M 小车 +M 吊钩 +M 起重臂 +M变幅机构 )-(M 平衡臂 +M 起升机构 )-M 配重 (4)

[0079] In the formula, M 满 M represents the full-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length. 吊物 M represents the maximum lifting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. 小车 M represents the trolley bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length. 吊钩 M represents the hook bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length. 起重臂 M represents the bending moment of the crane boom. 变幅机构 M represents the bending moment of the luffing mechanism. 平衡臂 M represents the balance arm bending moment. 起升机构 M represents the bending moment of the hoisting mechanism. 配重 This indicates the counterweight bending moment.

[0080] Step 202b: Calculate the no-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length, using point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (4):

[0081] M 空 =(M 小车 +M 吊钩 +M 起重臂 +M 变幅机构 )-(M 平衡臂 +M 起升机构 )-M 配重 (5)

[0082] In the formula, M 空 This represents the no-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length.

[0083] Step 203b: According to the calculation formula, the optimal state is when the full and no-load bending moments are equal. Therefore, the discriminant (6) is established, which is the same as in formula (3), where k is the discriminant coefficient. When k approaches 1, it is considered that the condition is met, and the following discriminant condition formula is obtained:

[0084]

[0085] Step 3: Determine the counterweight balance calculation formula and the judgment condition formula based on the status of the tower crane.

[0086] If the tower crane is subjected to impact loads, the counterweight balance calculation formula and judgment conditions shall be determined according to steps 201a to 203a; if the tower crane is in a steady state, the counterweight balance calculation formula and judgment conditions shall be determined according to steps 201b to 203b.

[0087] Step 4: Read the parameter data of the tower crane.

[0088] Step 401: Read the lifting performance table of the tower crane to be designed to obtain the boom length combination data of the tower crane; the maximum radius and corresponding lifting capacity for each boom length; the maximum lifting capacity and corresponding maximum radius for each boom length.

[0089] Step 402: Read the mass and center of gravity of the tower crane's counterweight boom, jib, luffing mechanism, hook pulley block, hoisting mechanism, and wire rope.

[0090] Step 403: Set the basic parameters of the counterweight and the relevant parameters considering the presence of impact loads; wherein, the basic parameters of the counterweight include: the distance Lp from the farthest end of the counterweight arrangement space to point O and the thickness d of the counterweight block; the relevant parameters considering the presence of impact loads include: the self-weight variation coefficient α, the dynamic load coefficient... Dynamic load factor

[0091] Step 5: Input the relevant parameters for calculating the counterweight combination and determine the search range.

[0092] The relevant parameters for calculating the counterweight combination include: the number of counterweights N, and the weight of a single counterweight M. p Types of counterweights T num The counterweights are arranged in order of mass P along the positive X-axis, and the counterweights are arranged in the direction D. A search space F(N, M) is established. p T num The search range is: (P, D)

[0093] n min <N<n max

[0094] m pmin <M p <m pmax

[0095] t nummin <T num <t nummax

[0096] P: 0 - from largest to smallest; 1 - from smallest to largest;

[0097] D: 0 - from far to near; 1 - from near to far.

[0098] Step 6: Find the optimal solution within the search range.

[0099] Step 601: Establish the discrimination condition, wherein the discrimination condition is Δk. min <k i <Δk max ; where ki Let Δk be the i-th discriminant coefficient, where i is a constant greater than or equal to 0. min Δk is the minimum value that the discriminant coefficient k can take. max This represents the maximum value that the discrimination coefficient k can take.

[0100] Step 602, set the initial value of the search range F0(N0, M) p0 T num0 (P0, D0); where N0 represents the initial value of the number of counterweights, M... p0 T represents the initial value of the weight of a single counterweight. num0 The initial values ​​represent the types of counterweights, P0 represents the initial arrangement order of the counterweights according to the positive X-axis, and D0 represents the initial arrangement direction of the counterweights.

[0101] Step 603: Calculate k for the tower crane at its maximum boom length according to equation (3) or equation (6). i Value; where k0 represents the initial value of the discriminant coefficient;

[0102] Step 604, determine k i Check if the discrimination criteria are met. If not, modify N and M in step 5. p T num Value, establish the search range value F i (N i M pi T numi P i D i (F) i (This is the search range value for the i-th calculation), and then return to step 603 to recalculate k. i Value; if the discrimination condition is met, then calculate F for other boom length cases of the tower crane according to equation (3) or (6). i value;

[0103] Step 605, when F for all boom length cases of the tower crane calculated in step 604... i When all values ​​meet the discrimination criteria, record the type T of the counterweight. num The number of each type of counterweight, the number of counterweights in each arm length combination, and F for each arm length. i value;

[0104] If there are other boom length cases for tower cranes that do not meet the discrimination criteria, then F i If the value is not specified, then modify N and M in step 5. p T num Value, establish the search range value F i (N i M pi T numiP i D i (F) i (This is the search space value at the i-th calculation), and then return to step 603 to recalculate k. i value.

[0105] Step 606, when the number of counterweights N and the weight of a single counterweight M p Types of counterweights T num When the weights of the counterweights are arranged in order P along the positive X-axis and the direction D of the counterweight arrangement both reach the maximum value of the search range, the types of counterweights, the weights of each type, the number of blocks in each arm length combination, and the corresponding k value are counted in all records from step 605. The record with the discriminant coefficient k calculated for each combination closest to 1 is the optimal solution for the counterweight combination. If there is no record in step 605, the search fails, and the search range is reset.

[0106] The following example uses a tower crane for illustration:

[0107] (1) Select case 2. The tower crane in steps 201b to 203b is in a steady state for calculation.

[0108] (2) Step 4: Read the tower crane parameter data.

[0109] Step 401: Read the tower crane lifting performance table to obtain the tower crane boom length combination data; the maximum radius and corresponding lifting capacity for each boom length; the maximum lifting capacity and corresponding maximum radius for each boom length are shown in Table 1.

[0110] Table 1 Lifting Performance Parameters

[0111]

[0112] Step 402: Read the mass and center of gravity of the tower crane's counterweight boom, jib, luffing mechanism, hook pulley block, hoisting mechanism, and wire rope, as shown in Table 2;

[0113] Table 2. Center of Mass Table

[0114]

[0115] Step 403, basic parameters of the counterweight: the distance Lp from the farthest end of the counterweight arrangement space to point O is 12.365m, and the thickness d of the counterweight block is 0.4m.

[0116] Step 5, determine the search space F(N, M) p T num The search range is: (P, D)

[0117] 0 <N<7

[0118] 1100 <M p <3000

[0119] 2 <T num <3

[0120] P: 0

[0121] D:1

[0122] Step 6: Find the optimal solution within the search range.

[0123] Step 601: Establish the discrimination condition, which is 1.2. <k i <0.95;

[0124] Step 602: Set the initial search range value F0(7, 1100, 2, 0, 1);

[0125] Step 603: Calculate k for the tower crane with the maximum boom length according to equation (3) or (6). i value;

[0126] Step 604, determine k i Does it meet the discrimination condition? If it does not meet the discrimination condition, then use F from the i-th iteration. i (N i M pi T numi P i D i Return to (step 603) and recalculate k. i If the value is satisfied, then according to equation (3) or (6), the F value for other boom length cases of the tower crane is... i value;

[0127] Step 605, when F is in all boom length cases of the tower crane i When the value meets the discrimination condition, record the type T of the counterweight. num The number of each type of counterweight, the number of counterweights in each arm length combination, and F for each arm length. i Otherwise, return to (step 603) and recalculate k. i value;

[0128] Step 606, when N, M p T num When both P and D reach the maximum value of the search range, count all records in step 605, and find the record in the record where the discrimination coefficient k calculated for each combination is closest to 1, as shown in Table 3 below, which is the optimal solution for the weight combination.

[0129] Table 3 Weight Combinations

[0130]

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features, do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane, characterized in that, Includes the following processes: Step 1: Establish the coordinate system for the tower crane; Step 2: Based on the balancing effect of the counterweight, establish the counterweight balance calculation formula and the discrimination condition formula; In step 2, two formulas for calculating counterweight balance are provided for selection; Steps 201a to 203a are the formulas for calculating the counterweight balance in case one, considering the presence of impact load, dynamic load, and sudden unloading. Steps 201b to 203b are for case two, where the tower crane is in a steady state; The specific processes of steps 201a to 203a are as follows: Step 201a, considering the presence of impact load, dynamic load, and sudden unloading, the forward tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at the maximum boom length is calculated with point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (1): （1）； In the formula, This indicates the forward tilting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This represents the coefficient of variation in self-weight. This indicates the trolley bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at this arm length. Indicates the bending moment of the crane boom. Indicates the bending moment of the luffing mechanism. This represents the bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This indicates the hook bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at this boom length. This indicates the wire rope bending moment corresponding to the maximum amplitude at that arm length. Indicates the bending moment of the balance arm. This indicates the bending moment of the hoisting mechanism. Indicates the counterweight bending moment. Indicates the lifting power coefficient; Step 202a, using point O as the reference, calculate the tilting moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length as shown in the following formula (2): （2）； In the formula, This indicates the tilting moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This indicates the maximum trolley bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This represents the maximum lifting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This represents the hook bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This represents the maximum wire bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This indicates a sudden unloading of the power coefficient; Step 203a: According to the calculation formula, the optimal state is when the current and backward bending moments are equal. Establish the discriminant (3), where k is the discriminant coefficient. When k approaches 1, it is considered that the condition is met. The following discriminant condition formula is obtained: ； The specific processes of steps 201b to 203b are as follows: Step 201b: When the tower crane is in a steady state, calculate the full-load bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under the boom length, with point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (4): ； In the formula, This represents the full-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length. This represents the maximum lifting moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. This indicates the maximum trolley bending moment corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at this boom length. This represents the hook bending moment at the maximum amplitude corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity at that boom length. Indicates the bending moment of the crane boom. Indicates the bending moment of the luffing mechanism. Indicates the bending moment of the balance arm. This indicates the bending moment of the hoisting mechanism. Indicates the counterweight bending moment; Step 202b: Calculate the no-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length, using point O as the reference, as shown in the following formula (5): ； In the formula, This represents the no-load bending moment at the maximum radius corresponding to the maximum lifting capacity under this boom length; Step 203b: According to the calculation formula, the optimal state is when the full and no-load bending moments are equal. Establish the discriminant (6), where k is the discriminant coefficient. When k approaches 1, it is considered that the condition is met. The following discriminant condition formula is obtained: ； Step 3: Determine the counterweight balance calculation formula and the judgment condition formula based on the status of the tower crane; If the tower crane is subjected to impact loads, the counterweight balance calculation formula and judgment conditions shall be determined according to steps 201a to 203a; if the tower crane is in a steady state, the counterweight balance calculation formula and judgment conditions shall be determined according to steps 201b to 203b. Step 4: Read the parameter data of the tower crane; Step 5: Input the relevant parameters for calculating the counterweight combination and determine the search range; Step 6: Find the optimal solution within the search range.

2. The method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the tower crane coordinate system takes the intersection point O of the tower rotation plane and the vertical line of the tower center as the origin. The tower rotation plane is the tower rotation support rotation plane, and the vertical line of the tower center is a straight line perpendicular to the ground and passing through the center point of the tower's fixed section on the ground. The positive X-axis is the direction away from the tower when the boom is parallel to the ground. The positive Z-axis is perpendicular to the ground and upward. The positive Y-axis is perpendicular to the boom axis and conforms to the right-hand rule with the X and Z axes.

3. The method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 4 includes the following steps 401 to 403: Step 401: Read the lifting performance table of the tower crane to be designed to obtain the boom length combination data of the tower crane; the maximum radius of each boom length and its corresponding lifting capacity; the maximum lifting capacity of each boom length and its corresponding maximum radius. Step 402: Read the mass and center of gravity of the tower crane's counterweight boom, jib, luffing mechanism, hook pulley block, hoisting mechanism, and wire rope; Step 403: Set the basic parameters of the counterweight and the relevant parameters considering the presence of impact loads; wherein, the basic parameters of the counterweight include: the distance Lp from the farthest end of the counterweight arrangement space to point O and the thickness d of the counterweight block; the relevant parameters considering the presence of impact loads include: the self-weight variation coefficient α, the dynamic load coefficient φ2, and the dynamic load coefficient φ 3。 4. The method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 5, the relevant parameters for calculating the counterweight combination include: the number of counterweights N, and the weight of a single counterweight M. p Types of counterweights T num The counterweights are arranged in order of mass P along the positive X-axis, and the counterweights are arranged in the direction D. A search space F(N, M) is established. p T num (P, D), the search range is: n min <N<n max m pmin <M p <m pmax t nummin <T num <t nummax P: 0 - from largest to smallest; 1 - from smallest to largest; D: 0 - from far to near; 1 - from near to far.

5. The method for calculating the counterweight combination of a tower crane according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step 6 includes the following steps 601 to 606: Step 601: Establish the discrimination condition, wherein the discrimination condition is Δk. min <k i <Δk max ; where k i Let Δk be the i-th discriminant coefficient, where i is a constant greater than or equal to 0. min Δk is the minimum value that the discriminant coefficient k can take. max This represents the maximum value that the discriminant coefficient k can take. Step 602, set the initial value of the search range F0 (N0, M p0 T num0 (P0, D0); where N0 represents the initial value of the number of counterweights, M... p0 T represents the initial value of the weight of a single counterweight. num0 The initial values ​​represent the types of counterweights, P0 represents the initial arrangement order of the counterweights according to the positive X-axis, and D0 represents the initial arrangement direction of the counterweights. Step 603: Calculate k for the tower crane with the maximum boom length according to equation (3) or equation (6). i Value; where k0 represents the initial value of the discriminant coefficient; Step 604, determine k i Check if the discrimination criteria are met. If not, modify N and M in step 5. p T num Value, establish the search range value F i (N) i M pi T numi P i D i Then return to step 603 to recalculate k. i Value; if the discrimination condition is met, then calculate F for other boom length cases of the tower crane according to formula (3) or (6). i value; Step 605, when F for all boom length cases of the tower crane calculated in step 604... i When all values ​​meet the discrimination criteria, record the type T of the counterweight. num The number of each type of counterweight, the number of counterweights in each arm length combination, and F for each arm length. i value; Step 606, when the number of counterweights N and the weight of a single counterweight M p Types of counterweights T num When the weights of the counterweights are arranged in order of P along the positive X-axis and the direction of the counterweight arrangement D both reach the maximum value of the search range, the types of counterweights, the weights of each type, the number of blocks in each arm length combination, and the corresponding k value of all records in step 605 are counted. The record with the discrimination coefficient k calculated for each combination that is closest to 1 is the optimal solution for the counterweight combination.

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