Aluminum matrix composite sheet or web and method of making same

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of aluminum matrix composite forming processing, and particularly relates to an aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil is prepared by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then deforming the aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil. The reinforcing phase is added in an amount of 5-50% of the volume fraction of the aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil. The preparation method of the present application uses processing techniques such as extrusion breakdown, low-temperature controlled rolling, and high-speed cold rolling, and combines heat treatment methods such as intermediate annealing and online solid solution, to realize coordinated deformation control of the reinforcing phase and the matrix, and effective control of the deformed structure and precipitated phase, thereby significantly improving the deformation capacity of the aluminum matrix composite, improving the comprehensive performance and quality consistency of the aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil, and enabling efficient industrialized preparation of the aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil with a thickness of 0.01-1.0 mm. The aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil has obvious performance advantages and broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace and precision electronics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aluminum-based composite material molding and processing technology, specifically relating to an aluminum-based composite material sheet or roll and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-based composites generally refer to metal-based composite materials with pure aluminum or aluminum alloys as the matrix and external reinforcements. By selecting appropriate reinforcements, aluminum matrices, and preparation processes, aluminum-based composites with various properties can be designed and manufactured. Reinforcements are typically non-metallic ceramic materials, such as Al₂O₃, B₄C, SiC, and carbon nanotubes. Due to their excellent stiffness, superior specific strength, good high-temperature resistance and wear resistance, and low density and coefficient of linear expansion, aluminum-based composites are widely used in aerospace, precision optics, electronic packaging, transportation, and other fields.

[0003] Aluminum-based composites have a density similar to aluminum alloys, and their specific strength, specific stiffness, heat resistance, and fatigue resistance fall between those of aluminum and titanium alloys. Their wear resistance surpasses that of both aluminum and titanium alloys, and they also possess low expansion and high thermal conductivity, resulting in significant overall performance advantages. However, compared to traditional light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys, aluminum-based composites currently have a narrower application range and a smaller market size. With continuous improvements in the properties of aluminum and magnesium alloys and declining prices of titanium alloys, the application of aluminum-based composites faces significant challenges. In particular, traditional aluminum-based composites suffer from poor plasticity and toughness, and the difficulty in synergistically improving strength and plasticity, severely limiting their widespread industrial application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct research and development on aluminum-based composites in areas such as new material system development, improved deformation processing performance, and cost reduction to meet the ever-increasing demands of their various potential application areas.

[0004] Aluminum matrix composites suffer from poor deformability and machinability due to the introduction of reinforcing phases, particularly the rolling of high-component reinforcing phases, which has long been a challenge in the industry. Inherent defects in ingots, such as insufficient density in powder metallurgy billets and uneven distribution of reinforcing phases in stirred casting billets, lead to severe edge cracking, peeling, and other defects during rolling, resulting in mass scrapping of sheets. Aluminum matrix composites also exhibit high stiffness and significant work hardening during rolling, making them highly susceptible to defects such as camber, edge waviness, and voids, making shape control difficult and resulting in low yield rates in the rolling process.

[0005] Chinese invention patent (ZL201611144480.4) proposes a rolling method for aluminum-based composite sheet, employing multi-stage temperature rolling. The initial rolling is performed within the recrystallization temperature range, while finishing and final rolling are carried out at dynamic recovery temperatures. This improves the rolling capability of aluminum-based composites to some extent. However, the use of reversing rolling with significant deformation after initial rolling leads to a sharp increase in the risk of edge cracking in the sheet, making the preparation of thin sheets below 5mm difficult and failing to guarantee the yield of rolled sheets. Chinese invention patent CN109834273A proposes a method for preparing particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite thin sheets, using rectangular aluminum tube cladding rolling to improve edge cracking in aluminum-based composites. However, this method can only use sheet rolling, limiting material dimensions, resulting in low overall rolling efficiency and poor material consistency.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient processing technology for aluminum-based composite materials to improve their processing deformation capacity and quality consistency, thereby meeting the ever-increasing application demands in fields such as aerospace, weaponry, and consumer electronics. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on the problems of difficult deformation and poor strength-plasticity matching of existing aluminum-based composite materials, this invention provides a method for preparing aluminum-based composite sheet or roll material. By using multiple methods such as roll extrusion and low-temperature controlled rolling, the deformation capacity of aluminum-based composite materials is improved, the comprehensive performance and quality consistency of aluminum-based composite sheet or roll material are enhanced, and the industrial preparation of 0.01-1.0mm aluminum-based composite sheet or roll material is realized.

[0008] Furthermore, the present invention also provides the application of the aluminum-based composite sheet or roll in the manufacture of spacecraft components, industrial product housings or electronic product housings.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A thin sheet or roll of aluminum-based composite material is manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then performing a deformation process. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 5-50% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite material thin sheet or roll. Specifically, the reinforcing phase is one or more of SiC particles, TiB2 particles, Al2O3 particles, and B4C particles.

[0011] Specifically, the average particle size of the reinforcing phase is 1.5-15 μm.

[0012] Specifically, the aluminum alloy refers to aluminum alloys with grades 2009, 2024, 4043, 6061, 6063, 6092, 7075 or 7093, or aluminum-lithium alloys with grades 1420, 2195 or 8090.

[0013] Furthermore, based on a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the aluminum-based composite sheet or coil, which is achieved using aluminum-based composite ingots as raw materials through deformation processing steps such as extrusion blanking, hot rolling, solution treatment, and precision rolling, specifically including the following steps:

[0014] (1) Mix the aluminum alloy matrix with the reinforcing phase, sinter, and prepare a composite ingot; extrude the composite ingot containing the reinforcing phase to obtain extruded thin sheets or coils.

[0015] (2) The extruded sheet or coil obtained in step (1) is subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain hot-rolled sheet or coil, with a total deformation of 60-80%.

[0016] (3) After the hot-rolled sheet or coil obtained in step (2) is subjected to online solution treatment, it is then cold-rolled with a total deformation of 60-98% to obtain the finished aluminum-based composite material.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the aluminum alloy matrix is ​​aluminum alloy powder of grade 2009, 2024, 4043, 6061, 6063, 6092, 7075 or 7093, or aluminum-lithium alloy powder of grade 1420, 2195 or 8090; wherein, the preparation method of the composite ingot can be achieved by conventional technical means in the field, and is not the inventive point of this invention, so it will not be described in detail.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (1), the reinforcing phase is one or more of SiC particles, TiB2 particles, Al2O3 particles and B4C particles.

[0019] Furthermore, the extrusion blanking process parameters in step (1) are: extrusion temperature 360-420℃, holding time 3-8h, extrusion ratio (30-85):1, and extrusion speed 0.1-2m / min.

[0020] More preferably, the material obtained by extrusion in step (1) is a roll with a specification of (150-250mm)×(3.0-8.0mm).

[0021] Furthermore, the low-temperature hot rolling process parameters in step (2) are: rolling temperature 330-380℃, holding time 2-6h, single pass reduction 5-15%, rolling speed 3-20m / min, and intermediate annealing after each 1 to 3 passes.

[0022] Further preferred process parameters for intermediate annealing are: holding at 300-350℃ for 0.5-2 hours.

[0023] Further preferred, the material obtained by low-temperature controlled rolling in step (2) is a roll material with a thickness of 0.5-2.5 mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the online solution treatment process parameters in step (3) are as follows: after placing the hot-rolled sheet or coil in a water bath at 25-65°C and cooling it to 100-200°C, it is air-cooled or water-cooled to room temperature (20-25°C).

[0025] Furthermore, the cold finishing rolling process parameters in step (3) are: single-pass reduction of 5-10%, rolling speed of 10-30m / min, and cold finishing rolling is carried out at room temperature (20-25℃).

[0026] More preferably, the finished aluminum-based composite material obtained in step (3) is an aluminum-based composite material roll with a thickness of 0.01-1.0 mm and a length of ≥125 m; the preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material sheet or roll of the present invention can achieve continuous and efficient processing.

[0027] Furthermore, the aluminum-based composite sheet or roll prepared by the present invention has good applications in multiple aluminum-based metal material fields; specifically, the aluminum-based composite sheet or roll can be used to prepare spacecraft components in the field of deep space exploration or product shells such as laptops, smartphones, and smart wearables in the field of consumer electronics.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. This invention provides a method for preparing aluminum-based composite materials. Through forming processes such as extrusion blanking and low-temperature controlled rolling, the aluminum-based composite materials are processed in a short-process and efficient manner. Under a certain tension, the deformation uniformity and flatness of thin sheets or coils are effectively improved, the tendency to crack is reduced, and the processing efficiency and rolling yield of aluminum-based composite thin sheets or coils are significantly improved.

[0030] 2. This invention adopts a high extrusion ratio rolling and extrusion process, which effectively eliminates the defect of insufficient density in powder metallurgy ingots, improves the microstructure and uniformity of stirred casting ingots, and enables the extruded alloy to have a fully recrystallized microstructure, thereby enhancing the deformation processing capability of aluminum matrix composites with high reinforcing phase components and creating favorable conditions for subsequent continuous rolling.

[0031] 3. This invention adopts a continuous rolling method of "low temperature controlled rolling + high-speed cold rolling with large deformation" to achieve coordinated deformation control of the reinforcing phase and the matrix in the lower processing range of aluminum matrix composites, reduce the cracking tendency of aluminum matrix composites, solve the problems of difficult deformation, poor strength-plasticity matching, and difficult processing of thin plates or coils of aluminum matrix composites, and finally realize the continuous and efficient rolling processing of aluminum matrix composite coils with a length greater than 125m.

[0032] 4. This invention also provides a cold deformation process suitable for aluminum-based composite sheet or coil. By using an "online solution treatment + high-speed cold rolling" method, continuous online solution treatment is performed using the residual heat of rolling to achieve effective control over the grain size, texture, and precipitated phases of the aluminum-based composite material. Furthermore, by integrating the continuous straightening process into the cold rolling process, quenching stress is eliminated, the sheet shape problem of the coil is improved, and the shape and properties of the aluminum-based composite material are controlled, ultimately obtaining an aluminum-based composite coil with excellent comprehensive performance.

[0033] 5. This invention employs processing techniques such as extrusion billet preparation, low-temperature controlled rolling, and high-speed cold rolling, combined with heat treatment methods such as intermediate annealing and online solution treatment, to achieve coordinated deformation control of the reinforcing phase and matrix, and effective control of deformation structure and precipitated phases. This significantly improves the deformability of aluminum matrix composites, enhances the comprehensive performance and quality consistency of aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil, and enables the efficient industrial preparation of aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil with a thickness of 0.01-1.0 mm and a length of ≥125 m. It has significant performance advantages and broad application prospects in the aerospace and precision electronics fields. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 The image shows a metallographic photograph of the finished aluminum-based composite material roll obtained in step (3) of Example 1 of this invention.

[0035] Figure 2 Photograph of the aluminum-based composite material extruded coil obtained in step (1) of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a photograph of the finished aluminum-based composite material roll obtained in step (3) of Example 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the technical objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the embodiments are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Where no specific technology or conditions are specified in the embodiments, they shall be carried out in accordance with the technology or conditions described in the literature in the field or in accordance with the product instructions. The raw materials used in the following embodiments are all common commercially available products.

[0038] The aluminum-based composite materials prepared in the following examples are all rolls.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] An aluminum-based composite material roll is manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then performing a deformation process. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 20% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite material roll. Specifically, the matrix is ​​6061 aluminum alloy powder with an average particle size of 10 μm, and the reinforcing phase is SiC particles with an average particle size of 5 μm. The 6061 aluminum alloy is composed of components with the following mass percentages in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1

[0042] 6061 margin 0.4-0.8 0.8～1.2 0.15～0.4 0.04～0.35 ≤0.15 ≤0.15 ≤0.15

[0043] The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material coil includes processes such as ingot preparation, extrusion blanking, hot rolling, solution treatment, and finish rolling. The specific steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) 6061 aluminum alloy powder and SiC particles are prepared according to the above ratio, mechanically mixed and hot-pressed to obtain a Φ240mm composite ingot; the Φ240mm composite ingot is extruded to obtain an extruded coil of 180×4.0mm. The specific extrusion process parameters are: heat treatment at 380℃ for 6h, extrusion ratio of 80:1, and extrusion speed of 0.5m / min; The method of preparing composite ingot by combining the reinforcing phase (SiC particles) with aluminum alloy powder can be achieved by conventional technical means in the field, and is not the inventive point of this invention, so it will not be described in detail.

[0045] (2) The extruded coil obtained in step (1) is preheated to 350°C and subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The specific low-temperature controlled rolling process parameters are: holding at 350°C for 3 hours, single-pass reduction of 15%, rolling speed of 3 m / min, and intermediate annealing at 330°C for 2 hours after every two rolling passes, with a total deformation of 63%.

[0046] (3) The hot-rolled coil obtained in step (2) is placed in a 25°C water bath and cooled to 150°C before being rolled up and air-cooled to room temperature to achieve solution treatment; then cold finishing rolling is carried out. The specific process parameters are: single pass reduction is 8%, rolling speed is 20m / min, and total deformation is 90%, to obtain a 200m long and 0.15mm thick aluminum-based composite material finished coil.

[0047] The metallographic image of the finished aluminum-based composite material roll obtained in step (3) of Example 1 is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 As can be seen, SiC particles are dispersed within the 6061 aluminum alloy matrix, ensuring good deformation capacity and uniform performance of the aluminum-based composite coil.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] An aluminum-based composite material roll is manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then performing a deformation process. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 20% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite material roll. Specifically, the matrix is ​​6092 aluminum alloy powder with an average particle size of 5 μm, and the reinforcing phase is SiC particles with an average particle size of 5 μm. The 6092 aluminum alloy is composed of components with the following mass percentages in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2

[0051] 6092 margin 0.4-0.8 0.8～1.2 0.7～1.0 ≤0.15 ≤0.15 ≤0.15 ≤0.15

[0052] The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material coil includes processes such as ingot preparation, extrusion blanking, hot rolling, solution treatment, and finish rolling. The specific steps are as follows:

[0053] (1) 6092 aluminum alloy powder and SiC particles are prepared according to the above ratio, mechanically mixed and hot-pressed to obtain a Φ240mm composite ingot; the Φ240mm composite ingot is extruded to obtain a 200×4.5mm extruded coil. The specific extrusion process parameters are: heat preservation at 395℃ for 5h, extrusion ratio of 64:1, and extrusion speed of 0.2m / min; The method of preparing composite ingot by combining the reinforcing phase (SiC particles) and aluminum alloy powder can be achieved by conventional technical means in the field, and is not the inventive point of this invention, so it will not be described in detail.

[0054] (2) The extruded coil obtained in step (1) is preheated to 375°C and subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil with a thickness of 1.3 mm. The specific low-temperature controlled rolling process parameters are: holding at 375°C for 3 hours, single-pass reduction of 12%, rolling speed of 15 m / min, and intermediate annealing at 350°C for 1 hour after every two rolling passes, with a total deformation of 71%.

[0055] (3) The hot-rolled coil obtained in step (2) is placed in a 35°C water bath and cooled to 120°C before being rolled up and air-cooled to room temperature to achieve solution treatment; then cold finishing rolling is carried out. The specific process parameters are: single pass reduction is 10%, rolling speed is 15m / min, and total deformation is 92%, resulting in a 180m long and 0.1mm thick aluminum-based composite material finished coil.

[0056] Example 2: The aluminum-based composite extruded coil obtained in step (1) is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the surface quality of the roll is good, with no cracks, which ensures the yield of the finished product in subsequent rolling processes.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] An aluminum-based composite material coil is manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then performing a deformation process. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 20% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite material coil. Specifically, the matrix is ​​2009 aluminum alloy, and the reinforcing phase is SiC particles with an average particle size of 5μm. The 2009 aluminum alloy is composed of components in the following Table 3 by mass percentage.

[0059] Table 3

[0060] 2009 margin 3.2～4.4 1.0～1.6 ≤0.25 ≤0.05 ≤0.10 ≤0.10

[0061] The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material coil includes processes such as ingot preparation, extrusion blanking, hot rolling, solution treatment, and finish rolling. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] (1) After melting high-purity aluminum, copper scrap, high-purity magnesium and other raw materials prepared with 2009 aluminum alloy composition, SiC particles are added in the above proportion, and after thorough stirring, they are cast to obtain a Φ220mm composite ingot; the Φ220mm composite ingot is extruded to obtain a 155×8.0mm extruded coil. The specific extrusion process parameters are: heat preservation at 360℃ for 8h, extrusion ratio of 39:1, and extrusion speed of 0.3m / min; The method of preparing composite ingots by combining the reinforcing phase (SiC particles) with aluminum alloy can be achieved by conventional technical means in the field, and is not the inventive point of this invention, so it will not be described in detail.

[0063] (2) The extruded coil obtained in step (1) is preheated to 360°C and subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The specific low-temperature controlled rolling process parameters are: holding at 360°C for 2 hours, single-pass reduction of 12%, rolling speed of 5 m / min, and intermediate annealing at 350°C for 2 hours after every three rolling passes, with a total deformation of 69%.

[0064] (3) The hot-rolled coil obtained in step (2) is placed in a 45°C water bath and cooled to 100°C before being rolled up and air-cooled to room temperature to achieve solution treatment; then cold finishing rolling is carried out. The specific process parameters are: single pass reduction is 5%, rolling speed is 25m / min, and total deformation is 88%, resulting in a 150m long and 0.3mm thick aluminum-based composite material finished coil.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] An aluminum-based composite material roll is manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then performing a deformation process. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 30% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite material roll. Specifically, the matrix is ​​6061 aluminum alloy powder with an average particle size of 5 μm, and the reinforcing phase is SiC particles with an average particle size of 3 μm. In this embodiment, the composition of the 6061 aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1.

[0067] The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material coil includes processes such as ingot preparation, extrusion blanking, hot rolling, solution treatment, and finish rolling. The specific steps are as follows:

[0068] (1) A composite ingot with a specification of Φ240mm (the preparation method of the Φ240mm composite ingot is the same as in Example 1) is extruded to obtain an extruded coil of 235×5.0mm. The specific extrusion process parameters are: heat preservation at 405℃ for 4h, extrusion ratio of 49:1, and extrusion speed of 0.4m / min.

[0069] (2) The extruded coil obtained in step (1) is preheated to 380°C and subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil with a thickness of 2.0 mm. The specific low-temperature controlled rolling process parameters are: holding at 380°C for 4 hours, single-pass reduction of 10%, rolling speed of 15 m / min, intermediate annealing at 335°C for 1 hour after every three rolling passes, and total deformation of 60%.

[0070] (3) The hot-rolled coil obtained in step (2) is placed in a 60°C water bath and cooled to 180°C before being rolled up and air-cooled to room temperature to achieve solution treatment; then cold finishing rolling is carried out. The specific process parameters are: single pass reduction is 10%, rolling speed is 15m / min, and total deformation is 90%, to obtain a 125m long and 0.2mm thick aluminum-based composite material finished coil.

[0071] Example 4: The finished aluminum-based composite material roll obtained in step (3) is as follows Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the surface quality of the roll material is good and the thickness of the sheet is uniform, which provides a guarantee for the subsequent processing and forming of precision parts.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] An aluminum-based composite material roll is manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then performing a deformation process. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 45% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite material roll. Specifically, the matrix is ​​6061 aluminum alloy powder with an average particle size of 5 μm, and the reinforcing phase is SiC particles with an average particle size of 5 μm. In this embodiment, the composition of the 6061 aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1.

[0074] The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material coil includes processes such as ingot preparation, extrusion blanking, hot rolling, solution treatment, and finish rolling. The specific steps are as follows:

[0075] (1) 6061 aluminum alloy powder and SiC particles are prepared according to the above ratio, ball-milled and mixed, and then hot-pressed and sintered to obtain a Φ240mm composite ingot; the Φ240mm 6061 aluminum alloy powder and SiC particle reinforced ingot is extruded to obtain a 235×6.3mm extruded coil. The specific extrusion process parameters are: heat preservation at 410℃ for 4h, extrusion ratio of 41:1, and extrusion speed of 0.1m / min; The method of preparing composite ingot by combining the reinforcing phase (SiC particles) and aluminum alloy powder can be achieved by conventional technical means in the field, and is not the inventive point of this invention, so it will not be described in detail.

[0076] (2) The extruded coil obtained in step (1) is preheated to 380°C and subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The specific low-temperature controlled rolling process parameters are: holding at 380°C for 3 hours, single-pass reduction of 5%, rolling speed of 10 m / min, and intermediate annealing at 340°C for 0.5 hours after each rolling pass, with a total deformation of 60%.

[0077] (3) The hot-rolled coil obtained in step (2) is placed in a 25°C water bath and cooled to 120°C before being rolled up and air-cooled to room temperature to achieve solution treatment; then cold finishing rolling is carried out. The specific process parameters are: single pass reduction is 5%, rolling speed is 18m / min, and total deformation is 88%, resulting in a 160m long and 0.3mm thick aluminum-based composite material finished coil.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] An aluminum-based composite material roll is manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then performing a deformation process. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 15% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite material roll. Specifically, the matrix is ​​6061 aluminum alloy powder with an average particle size of 8 μm, and the reinforcing phase is Al2O3 particles with an average particle size of 5 μm. In this embodiment, the composition of the 6061 aluminum alloy is the same as that in Example 1.

[0080] The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material coil includes processes such as ingot preparation, extrusion blanking, hot rolling, solution treatment, and finish rolling. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] (1) A composite ingot with a specification of Φ220mm (the preparation method of the Φ220mm composite ingot is the same as in Example 1) is extruded to obtain an extruded coil of 200×3.0mm. The specific extrusion process parameters are: after holding at 400℃ for 5h, the extrusion is carried out, the extrusion ratio is 62:1, and the extrusion speed is 0.3m / min.

[0082] (2) The extruded coil obtained in step (1) is preheated to 350°C and subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil with a thickness of 1.0 mm. The specific low-temperature controlled rolling process parameters are: holding at 350°C for 5 hours, single-pass reduction of 15%, rolling speed of 5 m / min, and intermediate annealing at 350°C for 2 hours after each three-pass rolling, with a total deformation of 67%.

[0083] (3) The hot-rolled coil obtained in step (2) is placed in a 60°C water bath and cooled to 190°C before being rolled up and air-cooled to room temperature to achieve solution treatment; then cold finishing rolling is carried out. The specific process parameters are: single pass reduction is 10%, rolling speed is 20m / min, and total deformation is 80%, to obtain a 150m long and 0.2mm thick aluminum-based composite material finished coil.

[0084] Performance testing

[0085] The mechanical properties of the samples (finished rolls of aluminum-based composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 6) were tested according to GB / T 16865-2013 "Specimens and methods for tensile testing of wrought aluminum, magnesium and their alloy processed products". The thermal conductivity of the aluminum-based composite materials samples prepared in Examples 1 to 5 was tested according to GB / T 22588-2008 "Measuring thermal diffusivity or thermal conductivity by flash method". Three sets of parallel samples were taken for each state and the average value was taken. The test results of each property are shown in Table 4.

[0086] Table 4 Performance test results of aluminum-based composite coils

[0087]

[0088] As shown in Table 4, the aluminum-based composite material coil prepared by this invention has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, with high conductivity and high modulus. The strength of the aluminum-based composite material is determined by the different aluminum alloy matrix, and it increases with the increase of the alloying degree of the aluminum alloy matrix. The addition of the reinforcing phase can significantly improve the stiffness of the material, and the elastic modulus can be increased from 72 GPa of aluminum alloy to more than 100 GPa, but it will reduce the plasticity of the material. With the increase of the amount of reinforcing phase added, the elastic modulus increases significantly, up to a maximum of 163 GPa. The thermal conductivity of the composite material increases with the increase of SiC content.

[0089] The aluminum-based composite material preparation method described in this invention can effectively improve the deformation and processing capability of aluminum-based composite materials containing high reinforcing phase components. The finished aluminum-based composite material coils still have good plasticity, and can be used to prepare precision parts by cold / warm forming processes such as sheet metal and stamping. It has obvious performance advantages and broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace and precision electronics.

[0090] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thin sheet or roll of aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that, It is made by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy matrix and then deforming it. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 5-50% of the volume fraction of the aluminum matrix composite sheet or coil. The reinforcing phase is one or more of SiC particles, TiB2 particles, Al2O3 particles, and B4C particles; The aluminum alloy refers to aluminum alloys with grades 2009, 2024, 4043, 6061, 6063, 6092, 7075 or 7093, or aluminum-lithium alloys with grades 1420, 2195 or 8090. The aluminum-based composite sheet or roll is prepared by the following steps: (1) Mix the aluminum alloy matrix with the reinforcing phase, sinter, and prepare a composite ingot; extrude the composite ingot containing the reinforcing phase to obtain extruded thin sheets or coils; (2) The extruded sheet or coil obtained in step (1) is subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain hot-rolled sheet or coil, with a total deformation of 60-80%; (3) After the hot-rolled sheet or coil obtained in step (2) is subjected to online solution treatment, it is then subjected to cold precision rolling with a total deformation of 60-98% to obtain the finished aluminum-based composite material. The extrusion process parameters in step (1) are: extrusion temperature 360-420℃, holding time 3-8h, extrusion ratio (30-85):1, and extrusion speed 0.1-2m / min; The low-temperature hot rolling process parameters mentioned in step (2) are: rolling temperature 330-380℃, holding time 2-6h, single pass reduction 5-15%, rolling speed 3-20 m / min, and intermediate annealing after each 1 to 3 passes; The cold finishing process parameters in step (3) are: single pass reduction of 5-10% and rolling speed of 10-30m / min.

2. A method for preparing aluminum-based composite sheet or roll, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Mix the aluminum alloy matrix with the reinforcing phase, sinter, and prepare a composite ingot; extrude the composite ingot containing the reinforcing phase to obtain extruded thin sheets or coils; (2) The extruded sheet or coil obtained in step (1) is subjected to low-temperature controlled rolling to obtain hot-rolled sheet or coil, with a total deformation of 60-80%; (3) After the hot-rolled sheet or coil obtained in step (2) is subjected to online solution treatment, it is then subjected to cold precision rolling with a total deformation of 60-98% to obtain the finished aluminum-based composite material. The amount of the reinforcing phase added accounts for 5-50% of the volume fraction of the aluminum-based composite sheet or coil; The reinforcing phase is one or more of SiC particles, TiB2 particles, Al2O3 particles, and B4C particles; The aluminum alloy refers to aluminum alloys with grades 2009, 2024, 4043, 6061, 6063, 6092, 7075 or 7093, or aluminum-lithium alloys with grades 1420, 2195 or 8090. The extrusion process parameters in step (1) are: extrusion temperature 360-420℃, holding time 3-8h, extrusion ratio (30-85):1, and extrusion speed 0.1-2m / min; The low-temperature hot rolling process parameters mentioned in step (2) are: rolling temperature 330-380℃, holding time 2-6h, single pass reduction 5-15%, rolling speed 3-20 m / min, and intermediate annealing after each 1 to 3 passes; The cold finishing process parameters in step (3) are: single pass reduction of 5-10% and rolling speed of 10-30m / min.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intermediate annealing process parameters are: hold at 300-350℃ for 0.5-2 hours.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The online solution treatment process parameters in step (3) are as follows: after cooling the hot-rolled sheet or coil to 100-200℃, air-cool or water-cool to room temperature.

5. The application of the aluminum-based composite sheet or roll as described in claim 1 in the manufacture of spacecraft components, industrial product housings, or electronic product housings.

Images