Method for fusion and tempering of glass

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of glass welding, and particularly relates to a glass fusion and tempering method.The glass fusion and tempering method comprises the following steps: naturally adsorbing and adhering two glass base pieces to be fused to obtain a first adhering body, performing laser fusion treatment on the first adhering body to obtain laser fusion glass, performing gradient temperature preheating treatment on the laser fusion glass, and then performing tempering treatment, wherein the tempering treatment temperature is lower than the highest temperature of the preheating treatment, and tempered fusion glass is obtained.The method can obtain fusion glass with specific specifications and sizes, is not limited to small-range test pieces, the fusion glass can be tempered to obtain tempered fusion glass, and has excellent mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of glass welding technology, and more specifically, to a method for welding and tempering glass. Background Technology

[0002] Today, fusion welding is considered one of the most promising technologies for glass welding applications. This technology offers advantages in both ecology and cost efficiency without the need for any transition layer, and the entire process is non-contact through laser production steps. Ultrashort pulse lasers offer high precision and no thermal effects, causing very little damage to surrounding areas, making them ideally suited for these production processes and providing excellent performance. As a result, lasers are creating new opportunities for many industries, including the rapidly growing biomedical field and the demanding aerospace industry.

[0003] Laser welding of glass commonly utilizes ultrafast short-pulse lasers, such as picosecond or femtosecond lasers. The laser is focused on the interface between two glass panes, and the nonlinear absorption of laser energy by the glass material allows for instantaneous high-energy melting, thus fusing the two glass sheets together. For example, one prior art discloses a method and apparatus for welding glass using a femtosecond laser, where a liquid is used to bond the glass surfaces together, and then the laser is applied twice to weld the upper and lower glass panes. Another prior art discloses a method that uses a movable fixture to apply pressure to press the upper and lower glass panes together, and then a laser welds the glass sheets along a preset path to achieve glass welding.

[0004] The shortcomings of existing glass welding methods include: 1) Bringing glass together by dripping liquid / water between two pieces of glass cannot be done on large pieces of glass, and air is easily introduced, resulting in rainbow patterns. Therefore, only small-area localized bonding without air can be achieved for testing, and samples with specific dimensions cannot be produced. 2) Using a movable fixture to press the glass together and then focusing the laser on the two pieces of glass can lead to a mismatch between the fixture's movement speed and the laser's movement speed. Additionally, the fixture may not completely bond the glass together, resulting in rainbow patterns, while the laser has already acted on that area, causing welding cracks. 3) The glass welding area is localized, making it impossible to temper the glass to obtain tempered products.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a method for welding and tempering glass, which can obtain welded glass of specific specifications and sizes, not limited to small-scale test pieces, and the welded glass can be tempered to obtain tempered welded glass with excellent mechanical properties.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0008] A method for welding and tempering glass, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Two glass substrates to be fused are naturally adsorbed and bonded together to obtain a first bonded body. The first bonded body is then subjected to laser fusion treatment to obtain laser-fused glass. The laser-fused glass is then subjected to a gradient heating preheating treatment, followed by tempering treatment. The tempering treatment temperature is lower than the maximum temperature of the preheating treatment to obtain tempered fused glass.

[0010] In one embodiment, the maximum temperature of the preheating treatment is 450–550°C.

[0011] In one embodiment, the minimum temperature of the preheating treatment is 150–200°C.

[0012] In one embodiment, the tempering temperature is 400–425°C, and the tempering time is 0.5–5 hours.

[0013] In one embodiment, the molten salt used for tempering includes one or more of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, lithium nitrate, and potassium phosphate.

[0014] In one embodiment, the gradient temperature preheating process includes a first preheating, a second preheating, a third preheating, and a fourth preheating; the first preheating temperature is 150–200°C, and the first preheating time is 20–30 min; the second preheating temperature is 250–300°C, and the second preheating time is 20–30 min; the third preheating temperature is 400–430°C, and the third preheating time is 50–60 min; the fourth preheating temperature is 450–550°C, and the fourth preheating time is 20–30 min.

[0015] In one embodiment, the conditions for the laser fusion process include: laser power of 0.1 to 10 W, laser frequency of 0.1 to 10 MHz, scanning speed of 1 to 100 mm / s, and laser line spacing of 10 to 500 μm.

[0016] In one embodiment, the specific implementation method of the natural adsorption bonding includes: placing a first glass substrate on a plane, adsorbing a second glass substrate using a vacuum adsorption device, aligning it with the first glass substrate, and moving it downwards so that the second glass substrate and the surface of the first glass substrate to be welded form a natural adsorption bonding.

[0017] In one embodiment, the two glass substrates are pre-treated with ultrasonic cleaning, which includes a first detergent and a second detergent used independently in sequence. The first detergent is water containing ozone, and the second detergent is water. The ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 25-50 kHz, and the ozone concentration is 0.1-10 mg / L.

[0018] In one embodiment, the thickness of each of the two glass substrates is independently 0.1 to 5 mm.

[0019] In one embodiment, after the laser welding process and before the preheating process, the method further includes cleaning the laser-welded glass.

[0020] In one embodiment, the tempering stress of the tempered welded glass is 932–1150 MPa.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention involves the natural adsorption and bonding of two glass substrates to be fused under the action of van der Waals forces, followed by laser welding, preheating, and tempering. The tempering temperature is kept below the maximum preheating temperature to obtain fused glass. This method can produce fused glass of specific dimensions and is not limited to small-scale test pieces. Furthermore, the tempered fused glass obtained by tempering exhibits excellent mechanical properties. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a side view of the laser-welded glass in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of the laser-welded glass in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a side view of the laser-welded glass in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a top view of the laser-welded glass in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a top view of the laser-welded glass in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a top view of the laser-welded glass in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.

[0031] This invention relates to a method for welding and tempering glass, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Two glass substrates to be fused are naturally adsorbed and bonded together to obtain a first bonded body. The first bonded body is then subjected to laser fusion treatment to obtain laser-fused glass. The laser-fused glass is then subjected to a gradient heating preheating treatment, followed by tempering treatment. The tempering treatment temperature is lower than the maximum temperature of the preheating treatment to obtain fused glass.

[0033] This invention involves the natural adsorption and bonding of two glass substrates to be fused under the action of van der Waals forces. The laser focus is adjusted to the interface between the two glass substrates for laser fusion. Preheating and tempering are then performed, with the tempering temperature lower than the maximum preheating temperature, resulting in fused glass. This method can obtain fused glass of specific dimensions and is not limited to small-scale test pieces. Tempering the fused glass yields tempered fused glass, which possesses excellent mechanical properties.

[0034] In one embodiment, the two glass substrates are pre-treated with ultrasonic cleaning. The ultrasonic cleaning process includes the sequential use of a first detergent and a second detergent, where the first detergent is water containing ozone, and the second detergent is water. After laser cutting, the glass is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning process consists of two steps: first, a certain concentration of ozone is introduced into pure water. The ozone dissolves in the pure water and has an oxidizing effect, removing organic matter adhering to the glass surface; second, the glass is placed in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust.

[0035] In one embodiment, the thickness of each of the two glass substrates is independently 0.1 to 5 mm, for example 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, etc.

[0036] In one embodiment, the specific implementation method of the natural adsorption bonding includes: placing a first glass substrate on a flat surface, adsorbing a second glass substrate using a vacuum adsorption device, aligning it with the first glass substrate, and moving it downwards so that the second glass substrate contacts the surface of the first glass substrate to be welded, forming a natural adsorption bonding. The two glass interfaces are tightly bonded, achieving an ideal bonding surface without bubbles or rainbow patterns. In one embodiment, the glass substrates are bonded in a cleanroom environment with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100.

[0037] In one embodiment, the bonded glass sheets are placed on a laser platform, and the laser focus is adjusted to be precisely at the interface between the two glass substrates. The conditions for the laser welding process include: laser power of 1–10 W, laser frequency of 0.1–10 MHz, scanning speed of 1–100 mm / s, and laser line spacing of 10–500 μm. In one embodiment, the laser power includes, but is not limited to, 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, 5W, 6W, 7W, 8W, 9W, 10W, etc., the laser frequency includes, but is not limited to, 0.1MHz, 0.5MHz, 1MHz, 2MHz, 3MHz, 4MHz, 5MHz, 6MHz, 7MHz, 8MHz, 9MHz, 10MHz, etc., the scanning speed includes, but is not limited to, 1mm / s, 2mm / s, 5mm / s, 10mm / s, 20mm / s, 30mm / s, 40mm / s, 50mm / s, 60mm / s, 70mm / s, 80mm / s, 90mm / s, 100mm / s, etc., and the laser line spacing is 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 50μm, 100μm, 200μm, 300μm, 400μm, or 500μm, etc. This invention employs suitable laser welding conditions to ensure a better connection between two glass substrates and to guarantee their mechanical properties.

[0038] In one embodiment, after the laser welding process and before the preheating process, the method further includes cleaning the laser-welded glass. Specifically, the laser-welded glass is placed in an ultrasonic cleaner and cleaned until the surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust.

[0039] In one embodiment, the highest temperature of the preheating treatment is 450–550°C, such as 450°C, 460°C, 480°C, 500°C, 520°C, 550°C, etc. The lowest temperature of the preheating treatment is 150–200°C, such as 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, or 200°C, etc.

[0040] In one embodiment, the gradient temperature preheating treatment includes a first preheating, a second preheating, a third preheating, and a fourth preheating. The first preheating temperature is 150–200°C, for example, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, or 200°C, and the first preheating time is 20–30 minutes, for example, 20 minutes, 22 minutes, 25 minutes, 26 minutes, 27 minutes, 28 minutes, 29 minutes, or 30 minutes; the second preheating temperature is 250–300°C, for example, 250°C, 255°C, 260°C, 270°C, 280°C, 290°C, or 300°C, and the fourth preheating... The second preheating time is 20–30 minutes, for example, 20 min, 22 min, 25 min, 26 min, 27 min, 28 min, 29 min, 30 min, etc.; the third preheating temperature is 400–430℃, for example, 400℃, 410℃, 420℃, 430℃, etc.; the third preheating time is 50–60 minutes, for example, 50 min, 51 min, 52 min, 55 min, 56 min, 57 min, 58 min, 59 min, or 60 minutes, etc. The fourth preheating temperature is 450–550℃, for example, 450℃, 480℃, 500℃, 510℃, 520℃, 530℃, 550℃, etc.; the fourth preheating time is 20–30 minutes, for example, 20 min, 22 min, 25 min, 26 min, 27 min, 28 min, 29 min, 30 minutes, etc. This invention lays a solid foundation for optimizing the mechanical properties of fused glass by using a specific preheating temperature.

[0041] In one embodiment, the gradient heating preheating treatment employs a tunnel furnace or multiple gradient heating continuous preheating furnaces.

[0042] In one embodiment, the glass is preheated and then transferred to a tempering furnace for tempering. During this transfer, there is no heat loss, and the glass temperature remains constant. In another embodiment, the tempering temperature is 400–425°C, for example, 400°C, 405°C, 410°C, 415°C, 420°C, or 425°C, and the tempering time is 0.5–5 hours, for example, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, or 5 hours. In one embodiment, the molten salt used in the tempering process includes potassium nitrate. This invention, by performing a tempering process under the specific preheating conditions described above, and employing a suitable combination of tempering temperature and time, results in tempered fused glass with superior mechanical properties.

[0043] In one embodiment, the tempering stress of the tempered fused glass of the present invention is 932 to 1150 MPa.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the glass welding and tempering method includes the following steps:

[0045] (a) After the glass with a thickness of 0.1 to 5 mm is laser cut, it is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaning machine. The ultrasonic cleaning is divided into two steps. The first step is to introduce a certain concentration of ozone into pure water. Ozone dissolves in pure water and has an oxidizing effect, which can remove organic matter attached to the glass surface. The second step is to place the glass in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0046] (b) The two cleaned glass pieces are bonded together in a cleanroom environment with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100. One of the glass pieces is held in place by a vacuum suction head and slowly pressed down with the help of a fixture to make the two glass pieces completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass pieces will naturally adhere and bond together, and the air between the glass pieces will be expelled, forming a bonding surface without bubbles and rainbow patterns.

[0047] (c) Place the bonded glass on the laser platform, adjust the focus to the interface between the two glass surfaces, the laser power is 1 to 10 W, the laser frequency is 0.1 to 10 MHz, the scanning speed is 1 to 100 mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 10 to 500 μm to obtain laser-fused glass; place the laser-fused glass in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean it, ensuring that the surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0048] (d) The cleaned laser-fused glass is then preheated in a gradient-heating preheating furnace. The preheating process includes a first preheating, a second preheating, a third preheating, and a fourth preheating. The first preheating is carried out in the first preheating furnace at a temperature of 150–200°C for 20–30 minutes. The second preheating is carried out in the second preheating furnace at a temperature of 250–300°C for 20–30 minutes. The third preheating is carried out in the third preheating furnace at a temperature of 400–430°C for 50–60 minutes. The fourth preheating is carried out in the fourth preheating furnace at a temperature of 450–550°C for 20–30 minutes.

[0049] (e) After preheating, quickly transfer it to a tempering furnace. Tempering temperature is 400-425℃, tempering salt is KNO3, and tempering time is 3-5h to obtain a tempered laser-fused glass sample.

[0050] The following explanation, in conjunction with specific embodiments and comparative examples, further clarifies the situation.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The method for welding and tempering glass includes the following steps:

[0053] (a) After the 0.6mm glass is laser cut, it is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning is divided into two steps. The first step is to introduce a certain concentration of ozone into pure water. Ozone dissolves in pure water and has an oxidizing effect, which can remove organic matter attached to the glass surface. The second step is to place the glass in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0054] (b) The cleaned glass pieces are bonded in a cleanroom environment with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100. One of the glass pieces is held by a vacuum suction head and slowly pressed down with the help of a fixture to make the two glass pieces completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass pieces will naturally adhere and bond together, and the air between the glass pieces will be expelled, forming a bonding surface without bubbles and rainbow patterns.

[0055] (c) Place the bonded glass on the laser platform, adjust the focus to the interface between the two glass surfaces, the laser power is 2.5w, the laser frequency is 2MHz, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 200μm to obtain laser-fused glass; place the laser-fused glass in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean it, ensuring that the surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0056] (d) The cleaned laser-fused glass is then preheated in a gradient heating furnace, where the temperature of the first preheating furnace is 150℃ for 30 min, the temperature of the second preheating furnace is 300℃ for 30 min, the temperature of the third preheating furnace is 400℃ for 60 min, and the temperature of the fourth preheating furnace is 500℃ for 120 min.

[0057] (e) After preheating, the sample was quickly transferred to a tempering furnace. The tempering temperature was 420℃, the tempering salt was KNO3, and the tempering time was 3 hours, yielding a tempered laser-welded glass sample. The tempering stress at this time was measured to be 932 MPa. The experimental conditions for laser-welded glass are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] The method for welding and tempering glass includes the following steps:

[0060] (a) After the 0.5mm glass is laser cut, it is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning is divided into two steps. The first step is to introduce a certain concentration of ozone into pure water. Ozone dissolves in pure water and has an oxidizing effect, which can remove organic matter attached to the glass surface. The second step is to place the glass in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0061] (b) The cleaned glass pieces are bonded in a cleanroom environment with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100. One of the glass pieces is held by a vacuum suction head and slowly pressed down with the help of a fixture to make the two glass pieces completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass pieces will naturally adhere and bond together, and the air between the glass pieces will be expelled, forming a bonding surface without bubbles and rainbow patterns.

[0062] (c) Place the bonded glass on the laser platform, adjust the focus to the interface between the two glass, the laser power is 2.8w, the laser frequency is 1MHz, the scanning speed is 20mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 200μm to obtain laser-fused glass. Place the laser-fused glass in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean it, ensuring that the surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust.

[0063] (d) The cleaned laser-fused glass is then preheated in a gradient heating furnace. The first preheating furnace is at 180°C for 25 minutes, the second preheating furnace is at 320°C for 20 minutes, the third preheating furnace is at 420°C for 60 minutes, and the fourth preheating furnace is at 500°C for 100 minutes.

[0064] (e) After preheating, the sample was quickly transferred to a tempering furnace. The tempering temperature was 400℃, the tempering salt was KNO3, and the tempering time was 4 hours, yielding a tempered laser-fused glass sample. The tempering stress was measured to be 897 MPa. The experimental conditions for laser-fused glass are as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] The method for welding and tempering glass includes the following steps:

[0067] (a) After the 1mm glass is laser cut, it is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning is divided into two steps. The first step is to introduce a certain concentration of ozone into pure water. Ozone dissolves in pure water and has an oxidizing effect, which can remove organic matter attached to the glass surface. The second step is to place the glass in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0068] (b) The cleaned glass pieces are bonded in a cleanroom environment with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100. One of the glass pieces is held by a vacuum suction head and slowly pressed down with the help of a fixture to make the two glass pieces completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass pieces will naturally adhere and bond together, and the air between the glass pieces will be expelled, forming a bonding surface without bubbles and rainbow patterns.

[0069] (c) Place the bonded glass on the laser platform, adjust the focus to the interface between the two glass, the laser power is 2.2w, the laser frequency is 1.5MHz, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 100μm to obtain laser-fused glass. Place the laser-fused glass in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean it, ensuring that the surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust.

[0070] (d) The cleaned laser-fused glass is then preheated in a gradient heating furnace. The first preheating furnace is at 150°C for 20 minutes, the second preheating furnace is at 270°C for 30 minutes, the third preheating furnace is at 420°C for 50 minutes, and the fourth preheating furnace is at 500°C for 90 minutes.

[0071] (e) After preheating, the sample was quickly transferred to a tempering furnace. The tempering temperature was 410°C, the tempering salt was KNO3, and the tempering time was 3 hours, resulting in a tempered laser-fused glass sample. The tempering stress at this time was measured to be 927 MPa.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] The method for welding and tempering glass includes the following steps:

[0074] (a) After the 2mm glass is laser cut, it is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning is divided into two steps. The first step is to introduce a certain concentration of ozone into pure water. Ozone dissolves in pure water and has an oxidizing effect, which can remove organic matter attached to the glass surface. The second step is to place the glass in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0075] (b) The cleaned glass pieces are bonded in a cleanroom environment with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100. One of the glass pieces is held by a vacuum suction head and slowly pressed down with the help of a fixture to make the two glass pieces completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass pieces will naturally adhere and bond together, and the air between the glass pieces will be expelled, forming a bonding surface without bubbles and rainbow patterns.

[0076] (c) Place the bonded glass on the laser platform, adjust the focus to the interface between the two glass surfaces, the laser power is 2.7w, the laser frequency is 2.0MHz, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 100μm to obtain laser-fused glass. Place the laser-fused glass in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean it until the surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust.

[0077] (d) The cleaned laser-fused glass is then preheated in a gradient heating furnace, where the temperature of the first preheating furnace is 150℃ for 30 min, the temperature of the second preheating furnace is 300℃ for 30 min, the temperature of the third preheating furnace is 400℃ for 60 min, and the temperature of the fourth preheating furnace is 500℃ for 120 min.

[0078] (e) After preheating, the sample was quickly transferred to a tempering furnace. The tempering temperature was 420°C, the tempering salt was KNO3, and the tempering time was 5 hours, resulting in a tempered laser-fused glass sample. The tempering stress at this time was measured to be 1132 MPa.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] The method for welding and tempering glass includes the following steps:

[0081] (a) After the 2mm glass is laser cut, it is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning is divided into two steps. The first step is to introduce a certain concentration of ozone into pure water. Ozone dissolves in pure water and has an oxidizing effect, which can remove organic matter attached to the glass surface. The second step is to place the glass in deionized water for ultrasonic cleaning. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots.

[0082] (b) The cleaned glass pieces are bonded in a cleanroom environment with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100. One of the glass pieces is held by a vacuum suction head and slowly pressed down with the help of a fixture to make the two glass pieces completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass pieces will naturally adhere and bond together, and the air between the glass pieces will be expelled, forming a bonding surface without bubbles and rainbow patterns.

[0083] (c) Place the bonded glass on the laser platform, adjust the focus to the interface between the two glass surfaces, the laser power is 2.0w, the laser frequency is 1.5MHz, the scanning speed is 15mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 250μm to obtain laser-fused glass. Place the laser-fused glass in an ultrasonic cleaner to clean it until the surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust.

[0084] (d) The cleaned laser-fused glass is then preheated in a gradient heating furnace, where the temperature of the first preheating furnace is 150℃ for 30 min, the temperature of the second preheating furnace is 300℃ for 30 min, the temperature of the third preheating furnace is 400℃ for 60 min, and the temperature of the fourth preheating furnace is 500℃ for 120 min.

[0085] (e) After preheating, the sample was quickly transferred to a tempering furnace at a tempering temperature of 425°C, using KNO3 as the tempering salt, for 4 hours to obtain a tempered laser-fused glass sample. The tempering stress at this time was measured to be 954 MPa.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] After laser cutting 2mm glass, it is thoroughly cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning process consists of two steps: first, ozone of a certain concentration is introduced into pure water. The ozone, dissolved in pure water, has an oxidizing effect, removing organic matter adhering to the glass surface; second, the glass is ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains, dirt particles, or dust. The cleaned glass sheets are then bonded in a cleanroom with a cleanliness level exceeding Class 100. One glass sheet is held in place by a vacuum suction head, and with the assistance of a fixture, it is slowly pressed down until the two glass sheets are completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass sheets naturally adhere and bond together, expelling air between the glass sheets and forming a bonded surface free of bubbles and rainbow patterns. The bonded glass is then placed on a laser platform, and the focus is adjusted to the interface between the two glass sheets. The laser power is 15W, the laser frequency is 2.0MHz, the scanning speed is 10mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 200μm. Cracks appear at the interface between the two glass sheets. The experimental conditions for laser welding of glass are as follows. Figure 5 As shown.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] After tempering two pieces of 2.0mm glass, they are cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning consists of two steps: the first step involves introducing a certain concentration of ozone into pure water, where the ozone dissolves.

[0090] The first step involves oxidizing the glass to remove organic matter from its surface. The second step involves ultrasonically cleaning the glass in deionized water. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains, dirt particles, or dust. The cleaned glass pieces are then bonded in a cleanroom with a cleanliness level exceeding Class 100. One piece of glass is held in place by a vacuum suction head and slowly pressed down with the aid of a fixture to ensure complete alignment of the two pieces. The bonded tempered glass is then placed on a laser platform. The focus is adjusted to the interface between the two glass pieces. The laser power is 3W, the laser frequency is 2.0MHz, the scanning speed is 20mm / s, and the laser line spacing is 100μm. Cracks appear at the interface between the two glass pieces. The experimental conditions for laser welding of glass are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0091] The reason for cracks appearing at the interface between the two glass panes may be that when the tempered glass surface is subjected to high-temperature melting caused by a high-energy laser, the compressive stress is rapidly released, and the two layers of tempered glass break before they are fused together. Glass fusion and stress release occur simultaneously, but stress release is faster, causing the tempered glass to break before fusion.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] After the 2mm glass is laser-cut, it is cleaned in an ultrasonic cleaner. The ultrasonic cleaning consists of two steps: First, ozone of a certain concentration is introduced into pure water. The ozone dissolves in the pure water and has an oxidizing effect, which can remove organic matter attached to the glass surface. Second, the glass is ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water. After cleaning and drying, the glass surface is free of water stains and any dirt particles or dust spots. The cleaned glass sheets are then laminated in a cleanroom with a cleanliness level higher than Class 100. One glass sheet is held in place by a vacuum suction head, and with the assistance of a fixture, it is slowly pressed down to make the two glass sheets completely aligned. Under the action of van der Waals forces, the glass sheets will naturally adhere and bond together, expelling the air between the glass sheets and forming a laminated surface without bubbles or rainbow patterns. The bonded glass was placed on a laser platform, and the focus was adjusted to the interface between the two glass surfaces. The laser power was 2.7W, the laser frequency was 2.0MHz, the scanning speed was 10mm / s, and the laser line spacing was 100μm to obtain laser-fused glass. Using the GG3 conventional tempering process, the glass was preheated at 350℃ for 30min, and then placed in a tempering salt at 390℃. The tempering salt was KNO3, and the tempering time was 3h. The glass cracked.

[0094] Comparative Example 4

[0095] The glass welding and tempering methods were the same as in Example 5, except that the fourth preheating furnace was set at 420°C. The glass cracked upon removal from the furnace.

[0096] Comparative Example 5

[0097] The glass welding and tempering methods were the same as in Example 1, except that the fourth preheating furnace was set at 420°C. The glass cracked after being removed from the furnace.

[0098] The tempering stress of the glass samples prepared in each embodiment and comparative example of the present invention is shown in Table 1. The equipment used to test the tempering stress was model FSM-6000LE. The test method is as follows: After wiping the intact glass slide clean with alcohol, it was placed on a stress meter coated with stress fluid. In the test software, the photoelastic coefficient corresponding to GG3 glass was selected as 31.9. The stress screen was adjusted until multiple stress lines were clearly displayed, and the corresponding stress magnitude was recorded.

[0099] Table 1 Tempering stress of glass samples

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] With appropriate operating sequence and process conditions, fused glass of specific specifications and sizes can be obtained, not limited to small-scale test pieces. Fused glass can be tempered to obtain tempered fused glass, which has excellent mechanical properties.

[0103] In Comparative Example 1, the laser power was too high, causing cracks in the weld and preventing tempering. In Comparative Example 2, the glass was tempered before laser welding, resulting in stress release and breakage. In Comparative Example 3, compared to Example 4, the conventional GG3 glass tempering process was used, and the glass broke. In Comparative Example 4, compared to Example 5, the fourth preheating temperature was lower than the tempering temperature, resulting in glass breakage. In Comparative Example 5, compared to Example 1, the fourth preheating temperature was the same as the tempering temperature, and the glass broke.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for welding and tempering glass, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Two glass substrates to be fused are naturally adsorbed and bonded together to obtain a first bonded body. The first bonded body is then subjected to laser fusion treatment to obtain laser-fused glass. The laser-fused glass is then subjected to a gradient heating preheating treatment and then tempered. The tempering treatment temperature is lower than the maximum temperature of the preheating treatment to obtain tempered fused glass. The gradient temperature preheating process includes a first preheating, a second preheating, a third preheating, and a fourth preheating; the first preheating temperature is 150~200℃, and the first preheating time is 20~30 min; the second preheating temperature is 250~300℃, and the second preheating time is 20~30 min; the third preheating temperature is 400~430℃, and the third preheating time is 50~60 min; the fourth preheating temperature is 450~550℃, and the fourth preheating time is 20~30 min. The tempering process is performed at a temperature of 350~425℃; The tempering stress of the tempered fused glass is 932~1150MPa.

2. The glass welding and tempering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tempering process takes 0.5 to 5 hours.

3. The glass welding and tempering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molten salt used for tempering includes one or more of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, lithium nitrate, and potassium phosphate.

4. The glass welding and tempering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for the laser fusion process include: laser power of 0.1~10W, laser frequency of 0.1~10MHz, scanning speed of 1~100mm / s, and laser line spacing of 10~500μm.

5. The glass welding and tempering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific implementation method of the natural adsorption bonding includes: placing the first glass substrate on a plane, adsorbing the second glass substrate with a vacuum adsorption device, aligning it with the first glass substrate, and moving it downward so that the second glass substrate and the surface of the first glass substrate to be welded form a natural adsorption bonding.

6. The glass welding and tempering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes at least one of the following features (1) to (2): (1) The two glass substrates are pre-treated by ultrasonic cleaning, which includes a first detergent and a second detergent used independently in sequence. The first detergent is water containing ozone, and the second detergent is water. The ultrasonic cleaning frequency is 25~50KHz, and the ozone concentration is 0.1~10mg / L. (2) The thickness of each of the two glass substrates is 0.1~5mm.

7. The glass welding and tempering method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process after laser welding and before preheating includes cleaning the laser-welded glass.

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