Anchoring rod, slope reinforcement device and method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of slope reinforcement devices, specifically disclosing an anchor rod, a slope reinforcement device, and a method. The anchor rod includes a rod body, an anchor head disposed at one end of the rod body, and a load-bearing component disposed on the rod body. The load-bearing component includes a first tube body, a second tube body forming a pressure-relief annular cavity with the outer wall of the first tube body, spokes circumferentially disposed within the pressure-relief annular cavity, and a damping mechanism for connecting external connectors. The slope reinforcement device includes a steel wire rope, a protective net assembly disposed on the steel wire rope, and the anchor rod, with the steel wire rope disposed on the damping mechanism. The slope reinforcement method utilizes the slope reinforcement device for reinforcement. Based on the load-bearing component, this invention can perform dual reduction of the instantaneous huge impact force when a rockfall or landslide occurs on the reinforced slope, thereby weakening its impact on the anchor rod and effectively avoiding the problem of damage to the anchor rod caused by the instantaneous huge impact force, resulting in low safety performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of slope reinforcement devices, and specifically relates to an anchor bolt, a slope reinforcement device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Geotechnical engineering is a discipline that studies the mechanical properties and engineering applications of rocks and soils. Slope engineering, as a branch of geotechnical engineering, primarily studies the prevention and control of geological hazards such as those affecting mountains and high slopes, to ensure the safety of transportation and the lives and property of the people.

[0003] Slope reinforcement refers to methods to improve the stability of slope sidewalls. It involves installing retaining walls at the slope angle of the fractured zone, installing anti-slide piles in localized fractured zones or on the slope, and grouting into rock strata with open joints and fissures to enhance slope stability. This approach is beneficial for safety and reduces the amount of earthwork required for slope repair.

[0004] Active slope protection nets, a common device for slope reinforcement, consist of various flexible nets, primarily steel wire rope nets, that cover and wrap around the slope or rock to be protected. This restricts weathering and erosion of the slope's rock and soil, as well as preventing rockfalls and controlling falling rocks within a certain range to protect pedestrians and vehicles. However, in existing active slope protection nets, the steel wire ropes and nets are under taut tension. When a rockfall or landslide occurs, the enormous impact force causes a sudden shock along with the taut ropes and nets, leading to damage and consequently lower safety performance.

[0005] For example, Chinese invention patent CN106193070B proposes an integrated load-bearing structure combining anchor cable groups and active protection nets. This structure utilizes anchor cable groups and active protection nets to construct a slope protection mechanism. In practical use, the active protection net is placed tightly against the slope surface on anchor blocks. However, when there is a rockfall or landslide, a huge impact force is instantly generated on the active protection net. Since there is no mechanism on the anchor blocks to buffer or reduce this impact force, the impact force can easily damage the active protection net or the anchor blocks, resulting in low safety performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide an anchor bolt, slope reinforcement device, and method that can effectively buffer and dissipate the impact force generated during rockfalls or landslides.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: an anchor bolt, comprising a rod body, an anchor head disposed at one end of the rod body, and a load-bearing assembly disposed on the rod body, the load-bearing assembly comprising:

[0008] A first tube is fitted onto the rod and is movable along the length of the rod. The end of the first tube away from the anchor head has a flanged joint.

[0009] The second tube is fitted onto the first tube and is coaxially arranged with the first tube. The inner wall of the second tube and the outer wall of the first tube form a pressure-relief annular cavity.

[0010] The spokes, in multiple quantities, are circumferentially arranged in the pressure relief ring cavity with the tube axis of the second tube as the center. One end of each spoke is located on the outer wall of the first tube, and the other end is located on the inner wall of the second tube.

[0011] A damping mechanism is provided, with one end perpendicular to the axis of the first tube, on the flange joint. The damping mechanism is used to connect external connectors.

[0012] Furthermore, the spokes are inclinedly arranged in the relief ring cavity and form an angle θ with the first tube body, wherein the value of θ is in the range of 30°≤θ≤60°.

[0013] Furthermore, the damping mechanism comprises multiple sets, which are circumferentially arranged on the second tube body with the tube axis as the center.

[0014] Furthermore, the damping mechanism includes:

[0015] The mounting rod has one end set on the flange joint and the other end set with a locking block.

[0016] The movable block has a first cavity inside and is sleeved on the end of the mounting rod where the locking block is located. The locking block is slidably disposed within the first cavity and is capable of sliding within the first cavity.

[0017] The damping spring has one end locked inside the first cavity and the other end locked onto the moving block.

[0018] A connector is disposed on the outer wall of the movable block and is used to connect to an external connector.

[0019] Furthermore, the mounting rod includes:

[0020] A connecting rod, one end of which is used to set the locking block.

[0021] The mounting connector has a V-shaped structure and is located at the other end of the connecting rod. The mounting connector has a first mounting hole, and the flanged connector has a second mounting hole corresponding to the first mounting hole. The first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are connected by bolts and nuts.

[0022] Furthermore, the connecting rod is provided with a second cavity, and a slider is engaged in the second cavity, which can slide within the second cavity.

[0023] A traction rope is provided inside the first cavity, and the traction rope is connected to the slider. The length of the traction rope is longer than the movable distance of the moving block.

[0024] Furthermore, a third tube is sleeved on the outside of the second tube, and a third cavity is provided on the side wall of the third tube. A torsion spring is placed in the third cavity, with one end of the torsion spring located in the third cavity and the other end passing through the third cavity and located on the side of the moving block near the second tube.

[0025] Furthermore, annular plates are respectively provided at both ends of the pressure relief annular cavity. The inner annular sidewall of the annular plate is connected to the outer sidewall of the first pipe body, and the outer annular sidewall of the annular plate is connected to the inner sidewall of the second pipe body. The annular plate, the first pipe body, and the second pipe body constitute a grout stopper.

[0026] A slope reinforcement device includes steel wire ropes and a protective net assembly mounted on the steel wire ropes. It also includes multiple sets of anchor rods, evenly spaced on the slope to be reinforced. The steel wire ropes are sequentially suspended from damping mechanisms of the multiple sets of anchor rods, forming a series of closed structures. The protective net assembly is mounted on these closed structures.

[0027] A slope reinforcement method utilizes the aforementioned slope reinforcement device. The specific steps are as follows: Holes are drilled in the slope to be reinforced, and the anchor rods are installed. After installation, steel wire ropes are sequentially suspended from the anchor rods and arranged to form a closed structure. Finally, a protective netting assembly is fixed to the steel wire ropes.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] This invention, based on a load-bearing component, can perform dual mitigation of the instantaneous massive impact force when a rockfall or landslide occurs on a reinforced slope, thereby reducing its impact on the anchor bolts and effectively avoiding the problem of low safety performance caused by damage to the anchor bolts due to the instantaneous massive impact force.

[0030] When subjected to impact, the damping mechanism reduces the impact force, and the impact force is transmitted to the first tube body by the damping mechanism. The spokes between the first and second tube bodies further reduce the impact force by their own structure and deformation, thereby achieving a double reduction of the huge impact force generated instantaneously.

[0031] Furthermore, the slope reinforcement device is based on anchor bolts with load-bearing components. In actual use, the steel wire rope is set on the damping mechanism of the anchor bolt. When a rockfall or landslide occurs, the impact force will impact the protective netting and then be transmitted to the steel wire rope. The steel wire rope absorbs energy through the buffer of the load-bearing components, which greatly reduces the impact force and thus effectively improves the overall safety performance of the slope reinforcement device. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor rod in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of the support component of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a front sectional view of the carrier component in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor rod in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a side sectional view of the support component in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a front sectional view of the carrier component in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a partial side sectional view of the slope reinforcement device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a partial front sectional view of the slope reinforcement device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a side sectional view of the slope reinforcement device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first protective net of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second protective net of the present invention.

[0043] Among them, 1-rod body, 10-anchor head, 100-ring plate, 2-bearing component, 21-first tube body, 210-flanged joint, 22-second tube body, 23-spoke, 24-damping mechanism, 241-mounting rod, 2410-block, 2411-connecting rod, 2412-mounting joint, 2413-third cavity, 2414-slider, 242-moving block, 2420-first cavity, 2421-traction rope, 243-damping spring, 25-third tube body, 250-third cavity, 251-torsion spring, 3-wire rope, 4-protective net group, 41-first protective net, 42-second protective net, 43-rope. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To the attached Figure 11 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0045] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 An anchor bolt is shown, including a rod body 1, an anchor head 10 disposed at one end of the rod body 1, and a load-bearing assembly 2 disposed on the rod body 1. The load-bearing assembly 2 includes a first tube 21, a second tube 22, spokes 23 and a damping mechanism 24.

[0048] The first tube 21 is fitted onto the rod 1 and can move along the length of the rod 1. The end of the first tube 21 away from the anchor head 10 has a flanged joint 210. It should be noted that the flanged joint 210 and the first tube 21 are an integral structure.

[0049] The second tube 22 is fitted onto the first tube 21 and is coaxially arranged with the first tube 21. The inner wall of the second tube 22 and the outer wall of the first tube 21 form a pressure relief annular cavity.

[0050] There are multiple spokes 23, which are arranged circumferentially around the tube axis of the second tube body 22 in the pressure relief ring cavity. One end of the spoke 23 is located on the outer side wall of the first tube body 21, and the other end is located on the inner side wall of the second tube body 22.

[0051] One end of the damping mechanism 24 is perpendicular to the axis of the first tube 21 and is mounted on the flange joint 210. The damping mechanism 24 is used to connect external connectors.

[0052] When using the anchor bolts proposed in this embodiment, in the event of a rockfall or landslide:

[0053] On one hand, the generated external impact force strikes the external connector. The external connector, through the damping mechanism 24, performs the first reduction of the impact force and transmits the impact force to the first tube 21. Then, the spokes located between the first tube 21 and the second tube 22 rely on their own structure and deformation to further reduce the impact force, thereby achieving a double reduction of the huge instantaneous impact force. Specifically, the generated external impact force is caused by the collision of falling rocks or landslides with the external connector.

[0054] On the other hand, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first tube 21, the second tube 22, and the spokes 23 are located inside the borehole where the anchor is placed. Therefore, the generated internal impact force will compress the second tube 22. The spokes, which are located between the first tube 21 and the second tube 22, will reduce the impact force through their own structure and deformation. Specifically, the generated internal impact force is caused by the compression within the geological environment during rockfalls or landslides.

[0055] Furthermore, the bearing component 2 effectively blocks the propagation of both internal and external impact forces. When external impact forces are transmitted into the geological formation through the anchor bolt, they are reduced by the bearing component 2, thus preventing secondary impacts caused by direct transmission of external impact forces into the geological formation. Similarly, when internal impact forces are transmitted outward through the anchor bolt, they are also reduced by the bearing component 2, preventing damage to the exposed parts of the anchor bolt and external connectors caused by direct transmission of internal impact forces to the outside of the geological formation.

[0056] Furthermore, in the absence of rockfalls or landslides, the first tube 21, the second tube 22, and the spokes 23 can effectively transmit the internal pressure acting on the anchor rod and distribute it evenly on the anchor rod, thereby improving the anchor rod's load-bearing capacity and stability.

[0057] Furthermore, rockfalls or landslides are caused by geological vibrations, and the use of load-bearing components can effectively mitigate these vibrations, thus effectively improving the seismic resistance of the area where the anchor bolts are installed.

[0058] In addition, the design of the pressure relief ring cavity can effectively control the pressure relief effect of the anchor bolt, so that it can withstand the internal pressure without excessively squeezing the anchor bolt, thereby avoiding damage and failure of the anchor bolt and effectively improving the service life of the anchor bolt.

[0059] Preferably, the spokes 23 are inclined within the stress relief ring cavity and form an angle θ with the first tube 21, where θ ranges from 30° to 60°, and in this embodiment, θ is preferably 30°. The inclined spokes 23 increase the stability and load-bearing capacity of the anchor bolt. Due to the inclined arrangement of the spokes 23, a certain tension is generated within the stress relief ring cavity, allowing the first tube 21 and the second tube 22 to withstand greater impact forces, thereby making the anchor bolt more stable.

[0060] It should be noted that the included angle θ ranges from 30° to 60°. This design allows the anchor bolt to better adapt to different geological conditions when under pressure. When the included angle θ is smaller, the anchor bolt has a stronger load-bearing capacity and is suitable for harder geological conditions; while when the included angle θ is larger, the anchor bolt's load-bearing capacity is relatively weaker and is suitable for softer geological conditions. Furthermore, manufacturing difficulty must be considered during actual assembly and installation. Therefore, a range of 30° to 60° not only makes it applicable to different geological conditions and provides better impact resistance, but also simplifies the installation process during manufacturing.

[0061] Preferably, there are multiple sets of damping mechanisms 24, which are circumferentially arranged on the second tube 22 with the tube axis as the center. In this embodiment, there are four sets of damping mechanisms 24. This circumferential arrangement facilitates installation in practical use and better absorbs and mitigates vibrations and impacts caused by external impacts, improving the stability and safety of the anchor bolt. Furthermore, the multiple sets of damping mechanisms 24 effectively enhance the adaptability of the anchor bolt. Because the damping mechanisms 24 form multiple damping points on the second tube 22, they can better adapt to different geological conditions and pressure levels, increasing the applicability and service life of the anchor bolt. Multiple damping points can better disperse and absorb geological pressure, reducing damage and failure of the anchor bolt under geological pressure, and improving its reliability and durability.

[0062] Preferred, such as Figure 3As shown, the damping mechanism 24 includes a mounting rod 241, a movable block 242, a damping spring 243, and a connecting member. One end of the mounting rod 241 is mounted on the flanged joint 210, and the other end is provided with a locking block 2410. The movable block 242 has a first cavity 2420 inside and is sleeved on the end of the mounting rod 241 where the locking block 2410 is located. The locking block 2410 is slidably disposed within the first cavity 2420 and is capable of sliding within the first cavity 2420. One end of the damping spring 243 is locked within the first cavity 2420, and the other end is locked onto the movable block 242. The connecting member is disposed on the outer wall of the movable block 242 and is used to connect to external connecting members.

[0063] In practical use, when the external connector is impacted, the impact force is transmitted to the connector and then to the moving block 242. At this time, the external connector pulls the moving block 242 away from the mounting rod 241, thereby compressing the damping spring 243. The damping spring 243, through its own deformation, effectively absorbs the vibration and displacement difference generated by the impact force, thus reducing the impact force and weakening its continuous transmission, thereby improving the stability of the load-bearing component and the safety of the anchor rod. The first cavity 2420 provides a reasonable deformation space for the damping spring 243, allowing it to compress to accommodate the displacement difference generated by the external connector being pulled by the impact force. This ensures that the external connector is not continuously taut but has a certain displacement capacity, thus avoiding the problem of the external connector breaking under large impact forces when taut.

[0064] Preferably, the mounting rod 241 includes a connecting rod 2411 and a mounting connector 2412. One end of the connecting rod 2411 is used to mount the locking block 2410. The mounting connector 2412 has a V-shaped structure and is located at the other end of the connecting rod 2411. The mounting connector 2412 has a first mounting hole, and the flanged connector 210 has a second mounting hole corresponding to the first mounting hole. The first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are connected by bolts and nuts.

[0065] The design of the connecting rod 2411 and the mounting joint 2412 enables a movable connection between the mounting rod 241 and the flange joint 210. On the one hand, this effectively ensures the stability of the connection. On the other hand, in actual use, the number of mounting rods 241 can be selected according to the actual situation. For example, if the external connecting part is a steel rope, and it is a straight steel rope, and the damping mechanism 24 is used to set the straight steel rope, then only two damping mechanisms 24 need to be installed to form a straight shape. The mounting rod 241 and the flange joint 210 are assembled through a movable connection, which helps to control the reinforcement cost.

[0066] Preferably, the connecting rod 2411 is provided with a second cavity 2413, and a slider 2414 is engaged within the second cavity 2413, allowing the slider 2414 to slide within the second cavity 2413. A traction rope 2421 is provided within the first cavity 2420, and the traction rope 2421 is connected to the slider 2414. The length of the traction rope 2421 is longer than the movable distance of the moving block 242. In actual use, the traction rope 2421 is used to further ensure the connection between the mounting rod 241 and the moving block 242. During normal use, because the length of the traction rope 2421 is longer than the movable distance of the moving block 242, the traction rope 2421 will not be under stress. That is, the mounting rod 241 and the moving block 242 are supported by the elastic force of the damping spring 243, and connected by one end of the locking block 2410 fitted onto the first cavity 2420 of the connecting rod 2411. When the movable block 242 is subjected to tension from the external connector, it moves away from the mounting rod 241, thereby compressing the damping spring 243. If the tension continues to increase, it will damage the locking block 2410, causing the movable block 242 to detach from the mounting rod 241. At this time, the traction rope 2421 acts between the movable block 242 and the mounting rod 241, maintaining the connection between them. It should be noted that at this time, because the relative displacement of the movable block 242 sliding off the mounting rod 241 increases, the external connector is sufficiently relaxed, preventing it from being in a taut state and effectively avoiding breakage.

[0067] Preferably, annular plates 100 are respectively provided at both ends of the pressure relief annular cavity. The inner annular sidewall of the annular plate 100 is connected to the outer sidewall of the first pipe body 21, and the outer annular sidewall of the annular plate 100 is connected to the inner sidewall of the second pipe body 22. The annular plate 100, the first pipe body 21, and the second pipe body 22 constitute a grout stopper.

[0068] In practical use, the anchor bolt in this embodiment is designed as a concrete anchor bolt, so it is necessary to design a related grout stopper structure.

[0069] It should be noted that the load-bearing component of this embodiment is also applicable to other types of anchor bolts or anchor cables. Adaptive changes can be made in actual design, which will not be elaborated here.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] The difference from Example 1 is:

[0072] Preferred, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, a third tube 25 is sleeved on the outside of the second tube 22. A third cavity 250 is provided on the side wall of the third tube 25. A torsion spring 251 is placed in the third cavity 250. One end of the torsion spring 251 is located in the third cavity 250, and the other end passes through the third cavity 250 and is located on the side of the moving block 242 near the second tube 22.

[0073] Furthermore, the torsion spring 251 effectively reduces the impact force on the damping mechanism 24 in the plane perpendicular to the rod 1. When the damping mechanism 24 is subjected to an impact force in the plane perpendicular to the rod 1, there may be a situation where the impact force is not parallel to the damping direction of the damping mechanism 24. That is, when the impact force is transmitted to the damping mechanism 24 from the external connector, it not only pulls or compresses outward along the direction of movement of the moving block, but also pulls or compresses the moving block in other directions. At this time, due to the structural characteristics of the bearing component, the damping mechanism 24 will rotate around the axis of the first tube. Therefore, the torsion spring 251 is used to effectively reduce the force in the rotation direction.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 The slope reinforcement device shown includes a steel wire rope 3 and a protective net assembly 4 mounted on the steel wire rope 3. It also includes the anchor rods described in Example 1, with multiple sets of anchor rods evenly spaced on the slope to be reinforced. The steel wire rope 3 is sequentially suspended from the damping mechanism 24 of the multiple sets of anchor rods, forming a series of closed structures. The protective net assembly is mounted on the closed structure. The connectors are metal rope buckles, and the steel wire rope 3 is mounted on the connectors.

[0076] Among them, such as Figure 8 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the protective netting group 4 includes a first protective net 41 and a second protective net 42. The first protective net 41 is directly attached to the steel wire rope 3 via clips. The outer edge of the second protective net 42 is provided with a rope 43, which is hung on the steel wire rope 3. The mesh size of the first protective net 41 is smaller than that of the second protective net 42.

[0077] A slope reinforcement method, such as Figure 9 As shown, the specific steps for slope reinforcement using a slope reinforcement device are as follows:

[0078] Drilling holes in the slope to be reinforced: Drill holes at predetermined locations using a drilling rig, according to design requirements and geological conditions. The drilling depth should exceed 2 / 3 of the length of the anchor rod to ensure its stability.

[0079] Install anchor bolts: Place the anchor bolts into the drilled holes and secure them with steel clamps.

[0080] Pressure grouting: Cement grout or polymer grout is injected around the anchor rod 1 to form a grout body that is tightly connected to the anchor rod. During grouting, attention should be paid to controlling the pressure and flow rate to avoid grout leakage or overfilling.

[0081] Tensioned anchoring: After the grout has hardened, tensioning equipment is used to tighten the anchor rod, ensuring a firm connection between it and the soil or rock mass. During tensioning, care should be taken to control the tension and speed to prevent the anchor rod from breaking or deforming.

[0082] Then, the steel wire ropes 3 are suspended sequentially on the anchor rods and wrapped around to form a closed structure, and then the protective netting group 4 is fixed on the steel wire ropes 3.

[0083] In use, when an external impact, such as an earthquake, occurs in the reinforced area, the internal geology vibrates. This vibration is transmitted to the second tube 22. Because spokes 23 are installed between the first tube 21 and the second tube 22, the spokes 23 offset the internal impact from the second tube 22 through their own deformation, effectively preventing the internal impact force from being directly transmitted to the outside of the geology. Furthermore, when the energy generated by the external impact force is transmitted inward, it is also effectively reduced through the spokes 23.

[0084] In use, when a rockfall or landslide occurs, the protective netting group 4 will be impacted by the falling debris. The first protective netting 41 directly impacts the wire rope 3, and the second protective netting 42 impacts the wire rope 3 via the rope 43. The wire rope 3, under stress, exerts tension on the damping mechanism 24. At this time, the wire rope 3 pulls the moving block 242 away from the mounting rod 241 via the connector, thereby compressing the damping spring 243. The damping spring 243, through its own deformation, effectively absorbs the vibration and displacement difference generated by the impact, thus reducing the impact force. Furthermore, the tension is transmitted from the damping spring 243 to the mounting rod 241, and then from the mounting rod 241 to the flange joint 210, causing the flange joint 210 to tend to rotate the first tube 21. At this time, the spokes between the first tube 21 and the second tube 22 further reduce the impact force through their own structure and deformation.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 The slope reinforcement device shown includes a steel wire rope 3 and a protective net assembly 4 mounted on the steel wire rope 3. It also includes anchor rods as described in Example 2, with multiple sets of anchor rods evenly spaced on the slope to be reinforced. The steel wire rope 3 is sequentially suspended from the damping mechanism 24 of the multiple sets of anchor rods, forming a series of closed structures. The protective net assembly is mounted on the closed structure.

[0087] A slope reinforcement method, such as Figure 9As shown, slope reinforcement is carried out using a slope reinforcement device. The specific steps are as follows: Drilling holes in the slope to be reinforced: According to design requirements and geological conditions, a drilling rig is used to drill holes at predetermined locations. The drilling depth should exceed 2 / 3 of the length of the anchor rod to ensure the stability of the anchor rod.

[0088] Install anchor bolts: Place the anchor bolts into the drilled holes and secure them with steel clamps.

[0089] Pressure grouting: Cement grout or polymer grout is injected around the anchor rod 1 to form a grout body that is tightly connected to the anchor rod. During grouting, attention should be paid to controlling the pressure and flow rate to avoid grout leakage or overfilling.

[0090] Tensioned anchoring: After the grout has hardened, tensioning equipment is used to tighten the anchor rod, ensuring a firm connection between it and the soil or rock mass. During tensioning, care should be taken to control the tension and speed to prevent the anchor rod from breaking or deforming.

[0091] Then, the steel wire ropes 3 are suspended sequentially on the anchor rods and wrapped around to form a closed structure, and then the protective netting group 4 is fixed on the steel wire ropes 3.

[0092] In use, when an external impact, such as an earthquake, occurs in the reinforced area, the internal geology vibrates. This vibration is transmitted to the second tube 22. Because spokes 23 are installed between the first tube 21 and the second tube 22, the spokes 23 offset the internal impact from the second tube 22 through their own deformation, effectively preventing the internal impact force from being directly transmitted to the outside of the geology. Furthermore, when the energy generated by the external impact force is transmitted inward, it is also effectively reduced through the spokes 23.

[0093] In use, when a rockfall or landslide occurs, the protective netting group 4 will be impacted by the falling debris. The first protective netting 41 directly impacts the wire rope 3, and the second protective netting 42 impacts the wire rope 3 via the rope 43. The wire rope 3, under stress, exerts tension on the damping mechanism 24. At this time, the wire rope 3 pulls the moving block 242 away from the mounting rod 241 via the connector, thereby compressing the damping spring 243. The damping spring 243, through its own deformation, effectively absorbs the vibration and displacement difference generated by the impact, thus reducing the impact force. Furthermore, the tension is transmitted from the damping spring 243 to the mounting rod 241, and then from the mounting rod 241 to the flange joint 210, causing the flange joint 210 to tend to rotate the first tube 21. At this time, the spokes between the first tube 21 and the second tube 22 further reduce the impact force through their own structure and deformation. Furthermore, the rotational tendency of the mounting rod 241 is reduced by the torsion spring 251. After being compressed or stretched, the torsion spring 251 offsets this impact force through its own deformation.

[0094] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor bolt, comprising a bolt body (1), an anchor head (10) disposed at one end of the bolt body (1), and a load-bearing assembly (2) disposed on the bolt body (1), characterized in that, The carrier component (2) includes: The first tube (21) is sleeved on the rod (1) and can move along the length of the rod (1); the end of the first tube (21) away from the anchor head (10) has a flange joint (210). The second tube (22) is sleeved on the first tube (21) and is coaxially arranged with the first tube (21); the inner wall of the second tube (22) and the outer wall of the first tube (21) form a pressure relief ring cavity; There are multiple spokes (23), which are arranged circumferentially around the tube axis of the second tube (22) in the pressure relief ring cavity; one end of the spokes (23) is arranged on the outer wall of the first tube (21), and the other end is arranged on the inner wall of the second tube (22); A damping mechanism (24) is provided on the flange joint (210) with one end perpendicular to the axis of the first tube body (21); the damping mechanism (24) is used to connect external connectors; the damping mechanism (24) includes: a mounting rod (241), one end of which is provided on the flange joint (210), and the other end of which is provided with a locking block (2410); a moving block (242), which has a first cavity (2420) inside, and is sleeved on the end of the mounting rod (241) where the locking block (2410) is provided; the locking block (2410) is slidably provided in the first cavity (2420) and can slide in the first cavity (2420); a damping spring (243), one end of which is locked in the first cavity (2420), and the other end of which is locked on the moving block (242); a connector, which is provided on the outer wall of the moving block (242) and is used to connect external connectors; The mounting rod (241) includes: a connecting rod (2411), one end of which is used to set the locking block (2410); a mounting joint (2412), which is a V-shaped structure and is set at the other end of the connecting rod (2411); the mounting joint (2412) is provided with a first mounting hole, and the flanged joint (210) is provided with a second mounting hole corresponding to the first mounting hole; the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are connected by bolts and nuts; The connecting rod (2411) is provided with a second cavity (2413), and a slider (2414) is installed in the second cavity (2413). The slider (2414) can slide in the second cavity (2413). A traction rope (2421) is provided in the first cavity (2420), and the traction rope (2421) is connected to the slider (2414). The length of the traction rope (2421) is longer than the movable distance of the moving block (242).

2. An anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spokes (23) are inclinedly arranged in the relief ring cavity and form an angle θ with the first tube body (21), wherein the value of θ is 30°≤θ≤60°.

3. An anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The damping mechanism (24) has multiple sets, and the multiple sets of damping mechanisms (24) are circumferentially arranged on the second tube body (22) with the tube axis as the center.

4. An anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A third tube (25) is sleeved on the outside of the second tube (22). A third cavity (250) is provided on the side wall of the third tube (25). A torsion spring (251) is placed in the third cavity (250). One end of the torsion spring (251) is located in the third cavity (250), and the other end passes through the third cavity (250) and is located on the side of the moving block (242) near the second tube (22).

5. An anchor bolt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the pressure relief ring cavity are respectively provided with ring plates (100). The inner ring sidewall of the ring plate (100) is connected to the outer sidewall of the first pipe body (21), and the outer ring sidewall of the ring plate (100) is connected to the inner sidewall of the second pipe body (22). The ring plate (100), the first pipe body (21), and the second pipe body (22) constitute a grout stopper.

6. A slope reinforcement device, comprising a steel wire rope (3) and a protective net assembly (4) mounted on the steel wire rope (3), characterized in that, It also includes the anchor bolts as described in any one of claims 1-5, wherein there are multiple sets of anchor bolts and they are evenly spaced on the slope to be reinforced; the wire ropes (3) are sequentially suspended on the damping mechanisms (24) of the multiple sets of anchor bolts and form one or more closed structures; the protective netting is set on the closed structure.

7. A slope reinforcement method, characterized in that, The slope reinforcement device described in claim 6 is used for reinforcement. The specific steps are as follows: drill holes in the slope to be reinforced and install the anchor rods. After installation, the steel wire ropes (3) are suspended on the anchor rods in sequence and wrapped around to form a closed structure. Then the protective net group (4) is fixed on the steel wire ropes (3).

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