A wide-beam multi-line polarized dielectric resonator antenna design method

Abstract

The application discloses a wide-beam multi-line polarized dielectric resonator antenna, which comprises a circular dielectric, a polarization control layer, an upper dielectric substrate, a metal ground, a lower dielectric substrate, a direct current blocking layer and a metal column; wherein the lower surface of the circular dielectric is provided with a circular cavity; the polarization control layer is composed of a center feeding patch, sixteen switch diodes, sixteen direct current bias patches and a ring-shaped metal patch; the center of the upper dielectric substrate is provided with a circular via one, and thirty-six circular metalized vias are uniformly distributed in a circular shape; the direct current blocking layer is composed of square patches which are uniformly distributed in an inner circle and an outer circle, and an inductor is arranged between each square patch of the inner circle and the adjacent square patch of the outer circle. The wide-beam multi-line polarized dielectric resonator antenna designed by the application realizes eight line polarization states at 3GHz, and the half-power beam width of the E plane and the H plane in each state exceeds 130°, thereby solving the problem of narrow half-power beam width of the existing multi-line polarized antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to dielectric resonator antennas, specifically a wide-beam, multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In communication systems, multi-polarized antennas are used to avoid communication quality degradation caused by polarization mismatch. Therefore, efforts have been made to improve the performance of multi-polarized antennas, including expanding their operating bandwidth, gain, and the number of linear polarization states. Examples include D. Chen, Y. Liu, S.-L. Chen, P.-Y. Qin, and YJ Guo, "Qin, and Y.J. Guo, 'A wideband high-gain multilinear polarization reconfigurable antenna,'" IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 4136-4141, Jul. 2021. However, due to the characteristics of their aperture radiation, existing multi-polarized antennas generally have a half-beamwidth of less than 70°, which is insufficient to meet the requirements of communication systems that need to receive wireless signals over a wide angular range.

[0003] Dielectric resonator antennas have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages such as light weight, low loss, flexible design, and diverse radiation modes. In recent years, most multi-polarization dielectric resonator antennas have focused on achieving left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, and one or two linear polarization states. Only a few dielectric resonators can achieve three linear polarization states, such as Z. Chen, H. Wong, and Y. Liu, "A polarizer integrated dielectric resonator antenna for polarization reconfigurability," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 2723-2728, Apr. 2019.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a dielectric resonator antenna with a wide half-beamwidth and a large number of linear polarizations to meet the development needs of wireless communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of narrow half-power beamwidth in current multi-polarized antennas and a limited number of linear polarizations in multi-polarized dielectric resonator antennas, this invention provides a dielectric resonator antenna with a compact structure, a large number of linear polarizations, and a wide half-power beamwidth.

[0006] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0007] A wide-beam multi-line polarized dielectric resonant cavity antenna includes a circular dielectric, a polarization control layer, an upper dielectric substrate, a metal ground, a lower dielectric substrate, a DC blocking layer, and a metal pillar.

[0008] The circular dielectric has a circular cavity on its lower surface and is placed on the upper surface of the polarization control layer.

[0009] The polarization control layer is mounted on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate. The polarization control layer consists of a center-fed patch, sixteen switching diodes, sixteen DC bias patches, and a ring-shaped metal patch. The positive terminal of each switching diode is connected to the center-fed patch, and the negative terminal is connected to one of the DC bias patches. The switching diodes and DC bias patches are evenly distributed in a circle, and the included angle between any two connected switching diodes or DC bias patches is 22.5°.

[0010] A circular via 1 is provided at the center of the upper dielectric substrate; a circular via 2 is uniformly distributed in a circle with the center of sixteen or more dielectric substrates as the center; a circular metallized via is uniformly distributed in a circle with the center of thirty-six or more dielectric substrates as the center.

[0011] A metal ground is mounted on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, with a circular slit in the center; and sixteen circular slits evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the metal ground as the center.

[0012] A circular via three is provided at the center of the lower dielectric substrate; sixteen circular via four are evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the lower dielectric substrate as the center.

[0013] A DC blocking layer is mounted on the lower surface of the underlying dielectric substrate, and is provided with square patches evenly distributed in two concentric rings, with each ring containing sixteen square patches; an inductor is provided between each square patch in the inner ring and the adjacent square patch in the outer ring.

[0014] The metal pillars consist of sixteen pieces, with one end welded to the DC bias patch of the polarization control layer and the other end welded to the square patch of the inner ring of the DC isolation layer.

[0015] During operation, the signal fed by the feed source induces a current in the center feed patch of the polarization control layer. Through an external DC bias voltage, M of the sixteen switching diodes are turned on, while the remaining switching diodes are turned off, which helps to change the direction of current flow in the center feed patch. At this time, the polarization control layer, the upper dielectric substrate, the thirty-two circular metallized vias, and the metal ground form a resonant cavity structure, which can effectively force electromagnetic energy to radiate into free space through the gaps formed by the diodes in the off state, while simultaneously generating HEM within the dielectric. 113The coupling mode enables multiple linearly polarized radiation states. Furthermore, the gap radiation characteristics of the diodes in the open state resemble a magnetic dipole, generating an "O" shaped radiation beam in the E-plane and a figure-eight shaped radiation beam in the H-plane. The dielectric HEM... 113 The coupling mode can generate an "8"-shaped radiation beam in the E-plane and an "O"-shaped radiation beam in the H-plane. The superposition of these two beams greatly expands the half-power beamwidth in both the E-plane and H-plane. Compared with existing multi-polarized dielectric resonator antennas, the wide-beam multi-linearly polarized dielectric resonator antenna described in this invention has a compact structure, simple polarization control, a large number of linear polarizations, and a wide half-power beamwidth, which can meet the needs of wireless communication.

[0016] This invention has a reasonable structure and ingenious design, which effectively solves the problems of narrow half-power beamwidth and small number of linear polarizations in existing multi-polarization dielectric resonator antennas, and is suitable for wireless communication. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the wide-beam multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna described in this invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a side view of the wide-beam multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna described in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view of the polarization control layer described in this invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a top view of the DC blocking layer described in this invention.

[0021] Figure 5 The reflection coefficient curves of diodes #1-#5 of the wide-beam multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna described in this invention are shown.

[0022] Figure 6 This is the radiation pattern of the E-plane when the diodes #1-#5 of the wide-beam multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna described in this invention are turned on.

[0023] Figure 7 This is the radiation pattern of the H-plane when the diodes #1-#5 of the wide-beam multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna described in this invention are turned on.

[0024] Figure 8 This is the gain curve of the wide-beam multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna antenna when diodes #1-#5 are turned on, as described in this invention.

[0025] In the diagram, 1-circular dielectric, 2-polarization control layer, 3-upper dielectric substrate, 4-metal ground, 5-lower dielectric substrate, 6-DC blocking layer, 7-metal pillar. #1 represents the diode number, and diodes #2-#16 are in the same position and numbered in counter-clockwise order. Detailed Implementation

[0026] A wide-beam multi-line polarized dielectric resonant cavity antenna includes a circular dielectric 1, a polarization control layer 2, an upper dielectric substrate 3, a metal ground 4, a lower dielectric substrate 5, a DC blocking layer 6, and a metal pillar 7.

[0027] Among them, a circular cavity 11 is provided on the lower surface of the circular medium 1, and the circular medium is placed on the upper surface of the polarization control layer 2;

[0028] The polarization control layer 2 is mounted on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 3. The polarization control layer 2 consists of a central feed patch 21, sixteen switching diodes 22, sixteen DC bias patches 23, and an annular metal patch 24. The positive terminal of each switching diode 22 is connected to the central feed patch 21, and the negative terminal is connected to one of the DC bias patches 23. The switching diodes 22 and the DC bias patches 23 are evenly distributed in a circle, and the included angle between any two connected switching diodes 22 or DC bias patches 23 is 22.5°.

[0029] A circular via 31 is provided at the center of the upper dielectric substrate 3; a circular via 32 is provided at the center of sixteen or more layers of dielectric substrate 3; and a circular metallized via 33 is provided at the center of thirty-six or more layers of dielectric substrate 3.

[0030] The metal ground 4 is mounted on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 3, and a circular slit 41 is provided in the center; sixteen circular slits 42 are evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the metal ground as the center.

[0031] A circular via 3 51 is provided at the center of the lower dielectric substrate 5; sixteen circular vias 4 52 are evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the lower dielectric substrate 5 as the center;

[0032] A DC blocking layer 6 is mounted on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 5, and is provided with square patches 61 evenly distributed in two concentric rings, with each ring containing sixteen square patches; an inductor 62 is provided between each square patch in the inner ring and the adjacent square patch in the outer ring.

[0033] The metal pillar 7 consists of sixteen pieces, with one end welded to the DC bias patch 23 of the polarization control layer 2 and the other end welded to the inner square patch 61 of the DC isolation layer 6.

[0034] In specific implementation, the circular dielectric 1 has a relative permittivity of 14, a loss tangent of 0.00015, a radius of 18mm, and a height of 19mm; the circular cavity 11 has a radius of 10mm and a height of 3.5mm; the center-fed patch 21 has a radius of 4.5mm; the switching diode 22 is model Bar50-02L; the DC bias patch 23 has an inner radius of 6.5mm, an outer radius of 10.5mm, and a spacing of 0.2mm between two connected DC bias patches; the annular metal patch 24 has an inner radius of 10.7mm and an outer radius of 25mm; the upper dielectric substrate 3 has a relative permittivity of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, a radius of 25mm, and a thickness of 1.575mm; the first circular via 31 has a radius of 0.65mm; the second circular via 32 is located at a distance from the center of the upper dielectric substrate 3. The upper dielectric substrate 3 has a radius of 0.3mm and a diameter of 8.5mm. The circular metallized via 33 is 15mm from the center of the upper dielectric substrate 3 and has a radius of 0.3mm. The metal ground 4 has a radius of 25mm. The first circular gap 41 has a radius of 2.17mm, and the second circular gap 42 is 8.5mm from the center of the metal ground and has a radius of 1.5mm. The lower dielectric substrate 5 has a relative permittivity of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, a radius of 25mm, and a thickness of 1.575mm. The third circular via 51 has a radius of 6mm. The fourth circular via 52 is 8.5mm from the center of the lower dielectric substrate 5 and has a radius of 0.3mm. The square patch 61 has a length × width of 1mm × 1mm. The inductor 62 is model LQW18AN24NG00D. The metal pillar 7 has a radius of 0.3mm and a height of 3.15mm.

[0035] Appendix Figure 5 The reflection coefficient curves of a wide-beam multi-linearly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with diodes #1-#5 simultaneously conducting at an operating frequency of 3.0 GHz are shown. The horizontal axis represents the frequency variable in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the amplitude variable in dB. 11 The impedance bandwidth of <-10dB is 2.96~3.04GHz.

[0036] Appendix Figure 6 and attached Figure 7 The normalized radiation patterns of the E-plane and H-plane of a wide-beam multi-linearly polarized dielectric resonator antenna with diodes #1-#5 simultaneously conducting at an operating frequency of 3.0 GHz are shown. The half-power beamwidths of the E-plane and H-plane are 134° and 151°, respectively, and the cross-polarization level is less than -13 dB, proving that it is operating in a linearly polarized state. At this state, the polarization angle φ = 0°, and the other seven polarization angles are φ = 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, 90°, 112.5°, 135°, and 157.5°.

[0037] Appendix Figure 8The gain curves of a wide-beam multi-polarized dielectric resonator antenna with diodes #1-#5 simultaneously conducting at an operating frequency of 3.0 GHz are shown. The horizontal axis represents the frequency variable in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the amplitude variable in dBi. The antenna gain at 3.0 GHz is 2.0 dBi.

[0038] The above descriptions are merely some specific embodiments and / or examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the substrate of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wide-beam multi-line polarized dielectric resonant cavity antenna, comprising a circular dielectric (1), a polarization control layer (2), an upper dielectric substrate (3), a metal ground (4), a lower dielectric substrate (5), a DC blocking layer (6), and metal pillars (7); a circular cavity (11) is provided on the lower surface of the circular dielectric (1), and the circular dielectric is placed on the upper surface of the polarization control layer (2); the polarization control layer (2) is attached to the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate (3), and the polarization control layer (2) consists of a central feed patch (21) and sixteen switching diodes ( 22) Composed of sixteen DC bias patches (23) and a ring-shaped metal patch (24); the positive terminal of each switching diode (22) is connected to the center feed patch (21), and the negative terminal is connected to one of the DC bias patches (23). The switching diodes (22) and the DC bias patches (23) are evenly distributed in a circle, and the included angle between any two adjacent switching diodes (22) or DC bias patches (23) is 22.5°. A circular via (31) is provided in the center of the upper dielectric substrate (3). Sixteen or more layers of dielectric substrates The upper dielectric substrate (3) has circular vias (32) evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the substrate (3); the upper dielectric substrate (3) has more than 36 circular metallized vias (33) evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the substrate (3); the metal ground (4) is mounted on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate (3) and has a circular slot (41) in the center; sixteen circular slots (42) evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the metal ground as the center; the lower dielectric substrate (5) has a circular via (51) in the center; and the lower dielectric substrate (5) has more than 36 circular metallized vias (33) evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the metal ground as the center of the substrate (3); the lower dielectric substrate (5) has a circular via (51) in the center of the substrate (5); and the lower dielectric substrate (5) has more than 36 circular metallized vias (33) evenly distributed in a circle with the center of the substrate (3) evenly distributed in a circle.

5. A circular via four (52) with the center as the center is evenly distributed in a circle; a DC blocking layer (6) is attached to the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate (5) and is provided with square patches (61) evenly distributed in two inner and outer rings, and each ring contains sixteen square patches; an inductor (62) is provided between each square patch in the inner ring and the adjacent square patch in the outer ring; a metal pillar (7) is composed of sixteen, one end is soldered to the DC bias patch (23) of the polarization control layer (2), and the other end is soldered to the square patch (61) in the inner ring of the DC blocking layer (6).

2. The wide-beam multi-linear polarized dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular dielectric (1) has a relative permittivity of 14, a loss tangent of 0.00015, a radius of 18 mm, and a height of 19 mm; the circular cavity (11) has a radius of 10 mm and a height of 3.5 mm, and operates in HEM. 113 model.

3. The wide-beam multi-linearly polarized dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are sixteen switching diodes (22), and five adjacent switching diodes (22) are turned on simultaneously when working.

4. The wide-beam multi-linear polarized dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the polarization control layer (2), the upper dielectric substrate (3), the metal ground (4), and the lower dielectric substrate (5) is 25 mm.

5. The wide-beam multi-linearly polarized dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relative permittivity of the upper dielectric substrate (3) and the lower dielectric substrate (5) is 2.2, the loss tangent is 0.0009, and the thickness is 1.575 mm.

6. The wide-beam multi-linear polarized dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal column (7) has a radius of 0.3 mm and a height of 3.15 mm.

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