An ultra-high-speed water jet generating device and a generating method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ultra-high-speed water jet generation device and generation method, metal wire array is arranged between high-voltage positive and high-voltage negative, metal wire array is enclosed by multiple metal wires or is enclosed into rotary body shape by one or more metal foil, high-voltage electrode and metal wire array are all placed in liquid medium, when high-voltage electrode is energized, metal wire array produces shock wave in liquid by electric explosion, and ultra-high-speed water jet up to 7000m / s and above is generated in the center of metal wire array, and water jet speed is not limited by the strength of device mechanical structure, and has greater development space in the future.In addition, the device of the present application is also more light and handy, and is convenient for small or miniaturization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultra-high-speed water jet technology, specifically to an ultra-high-speed water jet generating device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Converting other forms of energy into high-speed water jets to perform work is a relatively simple form of energy conversion and application. High-speed (or ultra-high-speed) water jets can be used in material cutting, industrial cleaning, and material surface treatment, and are a new technology that has developed in recent years. The maximum exit velocity of a high-speed water jet is generally less than 1000 m / s. Ultra-high-speed water jets can reach 2000-4000 m / s.

[0003] Currently disclosed high-speed or ultra-high-speed water jet generators include early water cannons, which are impact-compression type devices. A heavy piston is accelerated by a drive source, instantly impacting a stationary water column, which is then ejected through a nozzle to form an ultra-high-speed water jet. Another type is a pressure-compression device, essentially a rapid-acting intensifier. The drive source generates pressure acting on the large end of a differential piston, causing the small end to compress a water column in a high-pressure chamber behind the nozzle, which is then ejected through the nozzle to form an ultra-high-speed pulsed water jet. Devices also use high-pressure water pumps to generate high-speed water jets. Regardless of the type of water jet generator, it requires a drive source to generate extremely high pressure within the high-pressure chamber. Common drive sources include: relying on piston gravity; utilizing the pressure of compressed air (or pressurized oil); utilizing the immense pressure generated by the explosion of chemical substances in a closed chamber; and utilizing the immense pressure generated by the combustion of fuel in a closed space.

[0004] Studies have shown that the penetrating power of a water jet is proportional to the square of the jet velocity. This means that further increasing the jet velocity can rapidly improve the penetrating power of the water jet, making it more powerful and applicable to a wider range of engineering problems. Therefore, how to further improve the speed of the water jet has attracted the attention of researchers.

[0005] Analysis of existing water jet generators reveals that to further increase the water jet velocity, the pressure generated by the driving source needs to be further increased. However, the pressure limit within the high-pressure chamber is limited by the strength of the high-pressure chamber material, making it difficult to further increase the already high pressure. Furthermore, existing water jet devices are generally bulky, heavy, and have low pulse frequencies due to the need to withstand high pressure, making them prone to mechanical damage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings or deficiencies of the existing technologies, this invention provides a device and method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets. It utilizes the shock wave generated by the electric explosion of a metal wire to compress a liquid medium and generate ultra-high-speed water jets. The device is small in size and does not require the main body to withstand high pressure, representing a novel driving method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention has the following structure: The ultra-high-speed water jet generator includes a high-voltage positive electrode and a high-voltage negative electrode, which are fixed parallel to each other and spaced apart on a support. The two ends of each metal wire or metal foil are in contact with the high-voltage positive electrode and the high-voltage negative electrode, respectively. The metal wire array is formed by multiple metal wires or by one or more metal foils forming a rotating body shape. The high-voltage positive electrode and the high-voltage negative electrode are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of a high-voltage pulse current output device, respectively. The high-voltage positive electrode, the high-voltage negative electrode, the metal wire array, and the support are placed in a liquid medium. When a high-voltage current is generated between the high-voltage positive electrode and the high-voltage negative electrode, the metal wire array undergoes an electrical explosion, generating an ultra-high-speed water jet in the central region of the metal wire array.

[0008] The rotating body of the aforementioned wire array is truncated cone or cylindrical. Furthermore, the wires or foils within the wire array are arranged at equal intervals.

[0009] A water jet hole is opened at the center of the high-voltage positive electrode and / or high-voltage negative electrode corresponding to the central axis of the metal wire array.

[0010] Furthermore, a constraint tube can be set at the center of the wire array. The constraint tube is a thin-walled cylinder with both ends open or closed at the non-working end. The constraint tube divides the wire array space into two independent spaces, an inner and an outer one. The inner and outer spaces of the constraint tube are filled with the same liquid or different types of liquid.

[0011] The high-voltage pulse current output device includes a high-voltage power supply, an energy storage capacitor, and an air switch. The positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply is connected in series with the air switch and the high-voltage electrode. The energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel with the high-voltage power supply and is located before the air switch. The negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply is connected to the high-voltage negative terminal and grounded. When the air switch is open, the high-voltage power supply charges the energy storage capacitor. After charging to the set value, charging stops. When the air switch is closed, the energy storage capacitor discharges, and the high-voltage pulse current output device supplies power to the high-voltage positive and high-voltage negative terminals, causing the metal wire to explode electrically.

[0012] A method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets includes the following steps: S1 Design Water Jet Generator 1.1 Design of Metal Wire Array A wire array is a group of multiple metal wires arranged at intervals in a rotating shape, with the central axis of the rotating body serving as the central axis of the wire array. 1.1.1 Select metal wires of different materials, diameters, and quantities. 1.1.2 Determine the shape and parameters of the rotating body of the wire array. 1.2 Design of a high-voltage pulse current output device Design the circuit for the high-voltage pulse current output device and determine its parameters.

[0013] S2 Constructs a water jet generator 2.1 Fix the high voltage positive and high voltage negative electrodes to the bracket in parallel and with a gap.

[0014] 2.2 Determine the position of the central axis of the metal wire array, fix both ends of each metal wire to the high voltage positive and high voltage negative poles, and complete the installation of the metal wire array according to the shape of the rotating body of the metal wire array.

[0015] 2.3 The positive terminal of the high-voltage pulse current output device is connected to the high-voltage positive terminal, and the negative terminal is connected to the high-voltage negative terminal and grounded. S3 generates ultra-high-speed water jets 3.1 Place water jet generators with different parameters in a liquid medium. 3.2 When the high-voltage pulse current output device is energized, the metal wires undergo an electrical explosion, generating a water jet in the central axis region of the metal wire array. 3.3 The velocity of the water jet was detected in the central axis region of the wire array using testing instruments. 3.4 If the water jet speed does not reach the required speed, replace the water jet generator with one of different parameters and repeat steps 3.1 to 3.3 until an ultra-high-speed water jet that meets the speed requirements is detected.

[0016] In step 1.1.2, the metal wire array can be cylindrical, and the parameters to be determined are the radius and height of the cylinder; in step 2.1, the spacing between the high-voltage positive and high-voltage negative electrodes is equal to the height of the cylinder; in step 2.2, the distance of the metal wire from the central axis is equal to the radius of the cylinder, and the length of the metal wire is equal to the height of the cylinder.

[0017] In step 1.1.2, the metal wire array can be frustum-shaped. The parameters to be determined for the metal wire array are the height of the frustum and any two of the major diameter, minor diameter, and taper. In step 2.1, the spacing between the high-voltage positive and high-voltage negative electrodes is equal to the height of the frustum. In step 2.2, the length of the metal wire is equal to the length of the generatrix of the frustum, and the distance from the two ends of the metal wire to the central axis is the major diameter or minor diameter of the frustum.

[0018] Add step 2.4 to S2: Set a constraint tube at the central axis of the metal wire array. The constraint tube is a thin-walled tube. The same liquid or different types of liquid are filled inside and outside the constraint tube. A high-speed water jet is sprayed out from the constraint tube. Both ends of the constraint tube are open or the non-working end is closed.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: The ultra-high-speed water jet generating device and method of the present invention involves pre-positioning a metal wire array between two high-voltage electrodes in a liquid. When high-voltage electricity is applied, the metal wire array undergoes an electrical explosion, generating an ultra-high-speed water jet at the center of the metal wire array. The pre-positioning of metal wires between the electrodes provides an initial channel for the discharge current, eliminating discharge delay and jitter (making the shock wave delay controllable), which helps to reduce pre-breakdown energy loss and improve shock wave energy conversion efficiency. Moreover, the metal wire array surrounded by multiple metal wires experiences energy superposition in the central region of the wire array space when the metal wires explode simultaneously, generating an ultra-high-speed water jet of over 7000 m / s within a few seconds. This is a novel method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets.

[0020] In this invention, the enormous energy from the electrical explosion of the metal wire is converted into a high-speed water jet, without generating significant pressure within the device. Therefore, the water jet velocity is not limited by the mechanical strength of the device, allowing for greater future development potential. Furthermore, the device is lighter and more compact, facilitating miniaturization or micro-scale design.

[0021] The metal wire array is a rotating body, such as a cylinder, frustum, or sphere. That is, the metal wires (or metal foils) are arranged on the same cylindrical, frustum, or spherical surface. In this way, the distance between each metal wire (or metal foil) and the central axis of the rotating body is equal. The shock wave generated by the electric explosion of each metal wire has equal energy on the central axis. Moreover, the metal wires or metal foils are evenly spaced. The shock wave exerts a balanced force on the liquid medium in all directions of the metal wire array. The generated water jet is more likely to be concentrated in the central axis area without deflection.

[0022] Adding a confinement cylinder to the generating device serves two purposes: first, it concentrates the energy at the center of the wire array, which helps to increase the water flow velocity; second, it allows the confinement cylinder to be filled with a liquid of a different type than the liquid medium, thus meeting the needs of different application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 : A perspective view of the water jet generating device of the present invention; Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the operation of the ultra-high-speed water jet generator of the present invention; 1—High voltage positive electrode, 2—High voltage negative electrode, 3—Metal wire array, 31—Metal wire, 32—Wire array space, 4—High voltage pulse current output device, 41—High voltage power supply, 42—Energy storage capacitor, 43—Air switch, 5—Bracket, 51—Upper fixing plate, 52—Lower fixing plate, 53—Fixing rod, 6—Constraint cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following will further explain the concept, specific structure, and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of the present invention.

[0025] The ultra-high-speed water jet generating device and method of the present invention uses the shock wave generated by the electrical explosion of metal wires between high-voltage electrodes in a liquid as the driving source to generate an ultra-high-speed water jet at the center of the metal wire array. The pre-placed metal wires between the high-voltage electrodes improve the energy conversion efficiency of the shock wave, and the shock wave energy is superimposed at the center of the metal wire array, generating an ultra-high-speed water jet of up to 7000 m / s or more within a few seconds.

[0026] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the ultra-high-speed water jet generator includes a high-voltage positive electrode 1 and a high-voltage negative electrode 2, which are fixed parallel to each other and spaced apart on a support 5. Two ends of a metal wire 31 or metal foil are respectively in contact with the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2, and are positioned between them. A metal wire array 3 is formed by multiple metal wires 31 or by one or more metal foils, forming a rotating shape. The high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2 are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of a high-voltage pulse current output device 4, respectively. The support 5, the high-voltage positive electrode 1, the high-voltage negative electrode 2, and the metal wire array 3 are placed in a liquid medium (see...). Figure 2 ).

[0027] When the high-voltage pulse current output device 4 supplies power to the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2, a high-voltage current is generated between them. Each pulse current is injected into the metal wire array 3, and the metal wire 31 (or metal foil) undergoes a rapid phase change under Joule heating, experiencing solid-state heating, liquefaction, liquid-state heating, vaporization (including phase explosion), breakdown, and finally forming a plasma channel. During the vaporization stage, the volume of the metal wire 31 (or metal foil) undergoes a huge change, from tens / hundreds of micrometers to several millimeters, generating shock waves in the liquid. This process can be approximated as a virtual cylindrical piston rapidly expanding outward. As long as there is a sufficiently fast acceleration process (volume mutation process), a shock wave will be generated. The shock wave energy generated by the explosion of the metal wire 31 (or metal foil) in the metal wire array 3 converges at the center of the wire array space 32, generating a powerful thrust and exciting a super-high-speed water jet in the central region.

[0028] The ultra-high-speed water jet generator of the present invention has metal wires pre-placed between high-voltage electrodes, which can provide an initial channel for the discharge current, eliminate discharge delay and jitter (making the shock wave delay controllable), help reduce pre-breakdown energy loss, improve the reliability, stability and consistency of the shock wave, and increase the energy conversion efficiency of the shock wave to up to 24%. Moreover, the metal wire array 3 surrounded by multiple metal wires 31 provides a new energy focusing method. When the metal wires explode, energy superposition occurs in the central region of the wire array space 32, generating an ultra-high-speed water jet of up to 7000 m / s or more within a few seconds.

[0029] The rotating body formed by the metal wire array 3 is cylindrical, frustum-shaped, or spherical. That is, the metal wires 31 (or metal foils) are arranged on the same cylindrical, frustum-shaped, or spherical surface. This ensures that each metal wire 31 (or metal foil) is equidistant from the central axis of the rotating body, and the energy of the shock wave generated by the electric explosion of each metal wire is equal along the central axis. The shock wave generated by the electric explosion of the metal wires or metal foils becomes increasingly stronger as it converges, with a faster wavefront velocity and higher density, eventually reaching an extreme state on the order of hundreds of GPa or TPa. This can generate water jets with the highest speed and high energy utilization. Furthermore, it is best to arrange the metal wires 31 or metal foils at equal and uniform intervals. This ensures that the shock wave forces on the liquid medium are balanced in all directions, making it easier for the generated water jet to concentrate in the central axis region without deflection.

[0030] In order to make the metal wire 31 contact with the high voltage positive electrode 1 and the high voltage negative electrode 2, the two ends of the metal wire 31 can be fixedly connected to the high voltage positive electrode 1 and the high voltage negative electrode 2; or one or more metal foils can be directly made into the shape of the metal wire array 3, with the two bottom ends fixed to the high voltage positive electrode 1 and the high voltage negative electrode 2 respectively.

[0031] Example 2 In Example 1, the metal wire array 3 is arranged into a cylindrical shape. Water jet holes are opened at the center of the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2, corresponding to the central axis of the metal wire array 3, and ultra-high-speed water jets can be ejected from two directions to perform work.

[0032] The metal wire array 3 in Example 1 can also be arranged into a frustum shape (e.g. Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, each metal wire 31 is inclined, so the shock wave generated by each metal wire 31 in the liquid is transmitted obliquely. This obliquely transmitted shock wave not only compresses the liquid radially towards the center of the wire array space 32, but also axially towards the ejection direction. Compared to the case where all the energy of the shock wave acts radially (the wire array space 32 is cylindrical), this is more conducive to increasing the axial ejection speed of the water jet. When the wire array space 32 is frustum-shaped, the explosion of the metal wire array 3 generates a high-speed water jet ejected towards the end with the larger diameter of the frustum. Water jet holes are opened on the high-pressure positive electrode 1 or high-pressure negative electrode 2 where the larger diameter of the frustum is located.

[0033] In the cylindrical or frustum-shaped metal wire array 3, each metal wire 31 or metal foil is preferably arranged at equal and uniform intervals.

[0034] Example 3 like Figure 1 As shown, a constraint cylinder 6 is set at the center of the metal wire array 3 in Embodiment 1. The constraint cylinder 6 is a thin-walled cylinder, which can be a round cylinder. Both ends of the constraint cylinder 6 are open or the non-working end is closed. After the constraint cylinder 6 is set, the shock wave generated by the electric explosion of the metal wire at the center of the metal wire array 3 is repeatedly reflected by the wall of the constraint cylinder 6. The energy of the shock wave is confined within the limited space of the constraint cylinder 6, which is beneficial to increasing the water jet velocity.

[0035] Meanwhile, the constraint cylinder 6 divides the wire array space 32 into two independent spaces. The same liquid can be filled inside and outside the constraint cylinder 6, or different types of liquids can be injected. For example, water can be filled outside the constraint cylinder 6, and the liquid that is desired to be sprayed at high speed can be injected inside the constraint cylinder 6 to meet the needs of different application scenarios and expand the application scope of the device of the present invention. If tiny particles that increase friction are added to the liquid inside the constraint cylinder 6, the cleaning effect can be improved after high-speed spraying.

[0036] In practical applications, the constraint cylinder 6 can be transformed into a container for holding the liquid to be sprayed. The opening of the container is the nozzle of the ultra-high speed water jet. A focusing nozzle can also be installed at the nozzle to increase the speed of the water jet.

[0037] Example 4 When jet holes are opened on the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2, multiple wire-clamping grooves can be evenly opened along the circumference of the inner edge of the water jet hole in the center of the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2. A long metal wire is alternately passed through each wire-clamping groove on the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2, and the entire metal wire is tightly and alternately wound around the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2 to form a metal wire array 3. Compared with fixing the metal wires 31 one by one, this winding method is simpler to operate and has higher installation efficiency.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the aforementioned high-voltage pulse current output device 4 includes a high-voltage power supply 41, an energy storage capacitor 42, and an air switch 43. The positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply 41 is connected in series with the air switch 43 and the high-voltage electrode. The energy storage capacitor 42 is connected in parallel with the high-voltage power supply 41, located before the air switch 43. The negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply 41 is connected to the high-voltage negative terminal 2 and grounded. When the air switch 43 is open, the high-voltage power supply 41 charges the energy storage capacitor 42. After charging to a set value, charging stops. When the air switch 43 is closed, the energy storage capacitor 42 discharges, generating a strong instantaneous current between the high-voltage electrodes, causing an electrical explosion in the metal wire.

[0039] See Figure 1 In Embodiment 1, the support 5 includes a lower fixing plate 52. One end of an insulated fixing rod 53 is mounted on the lower fixing plate 52, and the other end passes through the high-voltage negative electrode 2 and the high-voltage positive electrode 1 in sequence. Four fixing rods are used in four directions (front, back, left, and right) to install the high-voltage negative electrode 2 and the high-voltage positive electrode 1 on the lower fixing plate 52 at intervals. More and denser fixing rods can also be used for reinforcement. The upper fixing plate 51 is mounted on the high-voltage positive electrode 1 above by another set of insulated fixing rods 53. A lifting ring is installed on the upper part of the upper fixing plate 51 for hoisting the entire generating device. The constraint cylinder 6 can be optionally installed on the lower fixing plate 52 or the upper fixing plate 51, suspended in the middle of the metal wire array 3.

[0040] This invention also provides a novel method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets. The first embodiment includes the following steps: S1 Design Water Jet Generator 1.1 Design of Metal Wire Array The metal wire array 3 is a group of metal wires 31 arranged at intervals in the shape of a rotating body. The internal space enclosed by the metal wire array 3 is the wire array space 32. The central axis of the rotating body is the central axis of the metal wire array 3. This arrangement makes the distance between each metal wire and the central axis equal. The shock wave energy generated by the explosion is superimposed at the central axis to form an ultra-high speed water jet.

[0041] 1.1.1 Select metal wires of different materials, diameters, and quantities.

[0042] The parameters of the metal wire 31 directly affect the velocity of the generated water jet.

[0043] It is recommended to select copper or aluminum metal wire 31, preferably 6-12 metal wires with a diameter of 0.05-0.4mm, and the preferred length of the metal wire is 1-7cm.

[0044] If metal foil is used instead of metal wire, the diameter and length of the metal wire become the thickness and height of the metal foil. Multiple metal wires can also be replaced by one or more metal foils.

[0045] The length of metal wire 31 refers to the length of the section involved in the electric explosion. The length of the extension section required to fix the metal wire is related to the length of the metal wire's fixation. It is related to the method of determination.

[0046] 1.1.2 Determine the shape and parameters of the rotating body of the metal wire array 3.

[0047] The shape of the rotating body formed by the metal wire array 3 reflects the fixed orientation of a single metal wire, and also determines the orientation of multiple metal wires. The superposition of shock waves formed by wire 31 directly affects the propagation direction of the shock wave after the electrical explosion of the metal wire. The radius of the rotating body is the distance at which the shock wave generated by the electrical explosion of the metal wire travels, and the waveform of the shock wave changes with the distance from the electrical explosion source. Both are key parameters affecting the velocity of the water jet.

[0048] 1.2 Design of a high-voltage pulse current output device The high-voltage pulse current output device 4 is connected to the high-voltage positive terminal 1 and the high-voltage negative terminal 2, providing high voltage to the high-voltage electrodes to cause an electrical explosion in the metal wire. The circuit of the high-voltage pulse current output device 4 is designed, and the rated operating voltage and pulse current value of the high-voltage pulse current output device 4 are determined. The voltage value can reach tens or even hundreds of kilovolts, and the current value can reach tens of kiloamperes.

[0049] S2 manufactures a water jet generator, such as Figure 1 As shown.

[0050] 2.1 Fix the high voltage positive electrode 1 and the high voltage negative electrode 2 to the bracket in parallel and with a gap.

[0051] As one implementation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, both the high-voltage negative electrode 2 and the high-voltage positive electrode 1 are thin circular plates, which are sequentially fitted onto the fixing rod 53 with spacing. The fixing rod 53 is installed on the lower fixing plate 52.

[0052] 2.2 Determine the position of the central axis of the array of metal wires 31, and fix both ends of each metal wire 31 to the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2. The installation of the wire array 3 is completed according to the rotating shape of the wire array 3.

[0053] The metal wires 31 are preferably evenly distributed on the surface of the rotating body at equal intervals.

[0054] 2.3 The positive terminal of the high-voltage pulse current output device is connected to the high-voltage positive terminal 1, and the negative terminal is connected to the high-voltage negative terminal 2 and grounded.

[0055] S3 generates ultra-high-speed water jets 3.1 Place water jet generators with different parameters (excluding high-voltage pulse current output devices) in a liquid medium (see...). Figure 2 ).

[0056] Pure water can be selected as the liquid medium.

[0057] 3.2 When the high-voltage pulse current output device is powered on, the metal wires undergo an electrical explosion, generating shock waves in the liquid. The energy of the shock waves converges in the central axis region of the metal wire array 3, generating a powerful thrust and stimulating a water jet in the central region.

[0058] 3.3 The velocity of the water jet was detected in the central axis region of the metal wire array using a testing instrument.

[0059] The testing instrument was a high-speed camera.

[0060] 3.4 If the water jet speed does not reach the required speed, replace the water jet generator with one of different parameters and repeat steps 3.1 to 3.3 until an ultra-high-speed water jet that meets the speed requirements is detected.

[0061] Second Embodiment In step 1.1.2, the metal wire array 3 can be cylindrical. When designing the metal wire array 3, the parameters to be determined are the radius and height of the cylinder. When fabricating the water jet generating device, the distance between the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2 in step 2.1 is equal to the height of the cylinder; in step 2.2, the distance of the metal wire 31 from the central axis is equal to the radius of the cylinder, and the length of the metal wire 31 is equal to the height of the cylinder.

[0062] When the metal wire array 3 is cylindrical, water jet holes are opened on both the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2, and the two water jet holes spray ultra-high-speed water jets in two directions respectively.

[0063] In step 1.1.2, the metal wire array 3 can be frustum-shaped (e.g., Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, the parameters to be determined for the metal wire array 3 are the height of the frustum and any two of its major diameter, minor diameter, and taper. In this case, the metal wires 31 are arranged at an angle, and the generatrix length of the frustum is equal to the length of the metal wires 31. The shock waves generated by the electric explosion of each metal wire propagate perpendicularly to the generatrix to the central axis, producing a high-speed water jet that sprays towards the end with the major diameter of the frustum. The angled arrangement of the metal wires 31 also reduces the overall size of the water jet generator while keeping the length of the metal wires 31 constant.

[0064] When constructing the water jet generator, in step 2.1, the distance between the high-voltage positive electrode 1 and the high-voltage negative electrode 2 is equal to the height of the frustum; in step 2.2, the length of the metal wire 31 is equal to the length of the generatrix of the frustum, and the distance from both ends of the metal wire 31 to the central axis is the major or minor diameter of the frustum. The preferred taper of the frustum is 30°.

[0065] When the metal wire array 3 is frustum-shaped, the water jet velocity is higher when it is ejected from the large diameter direction. Water jet holes are opened on the high-voltage positive electrode 1 or high-voltage negative electrode 2 where the large diameter of the frustum is located.

[0066] Third Embodiment When constructing the water jet generator, S2 can install a constraint cylinder 6 at the central axis of the wire array 3 (see...). Figure 1 The constraint cylinder 6 is a thin-walled cylindrical shape, with both ends open or closed at the non-work end, from which a high-speed water jet is ejected. The constraint cylinder 6 facilitates the concentration of the high-speed water flow generated at the center of the metal wire array 3 within a limited space, enabling it to be emitted in a concentrated manner to perform work. At the same time, the constraint cylinder 6 divides the wire array space 32 into two independent spaces, and the same liquid can be filled inside and outside the constraint cylinder 6, or different types of liquids can be injected.

[0067] Holes are made at the centers of high-voltage positive electrode 1 and high-voltage negative electrode 2. Figure 1 The constraint cylinder 6 passes through the central hole of both and sprays water jets outward.

[0068] like Figure 2As shown, the high-voltage pulse current output device 4 in the above embodiment includes a high-voltage power supply 41, an energy storage capacitor 42, and an air switch 43. The positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply 41 is connected in series with the air switch 43 and the high-voltage electrode. The energy storage capacitor 42 is connected in parallel with the high-voltage power supply 41 and is located before the air switch 43. The negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply 41 is connected to the high-voltage negative terminal 2 and grounded. When the air switch 43 is open, the high-voltage power supply 41 charges the energy storage capacitor 42. After charging to a set value, charging stops. When the air switch 43 is closed, the energy storage capacitor 42 discharges, generating a strong instantaneous current between the high-voltage electrodes, causing an electrical explosion in the metal wire.

[0069] The aforementioned method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets can achieve speeds of up to 7000 m / s and above within a metal wire array. Furthermore, adjusting the variable parameters of the metal wire array is convenient and cost-effective, facilitating the acquisition of the desired water jet through multiple experiments. This method also eliminates the need for a high-pressure chamber, thus the water jet velocity is not limited by factors such as the strength of the high-pressure chamber, indicating greater potential for future development.

[0070] The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention and should be covered within the scope of the claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed water jet generator, characterized in that, Includes a high-voltage positive electrode (1) and a high-voltage negative electrode (2). The high-voltage positive electrode (1) and the high-voltage negative electrode (2) are fixed on a support (5) in parallel and with a gap. The two ends of each metal wire (31) or metal foil are in contact with the high-voltage positive electrode (1) and the high-voltage negative electrode (2) respectively. The metal wire array (3) is formed by multiple metal wires (31) or by one or more metal foils forming a frustum or cylinder. A water jet hole is opened at the center of the high-voltage positive electrode (1) and / or the high-voltage negative electrode (2) corresponding to the central axis of the metal wire array (3). The high-voltage positive electrode (1) and the high-voltage negative electrode (2) are electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the high-voltage pulse current output device (4) respectively. The high-voltage positive electrode (1), the high-voltage negative electrode (2), the metal wire array (3), and the support (5) are placed in a liquid medium. A constraint cylinder (6) is set at the center of the metal wire array (3). The constraint cylinder (6) is a thin-walled cylinder with both ends open or the non-working end closed. The constraint cylinder (6) divides the wire array space (32) into two independent spaces, an inner and an outer space. The inner and outer spaces of the constraint cylinder (6) are filled with the same liquid or different types of liquid. When a high-voltage current is generated between the high-voltage positive electrode (1) and the high-voltage negative electrode (2), the metal wire array (3) undergoes an electrical explosion, generating a high-speed water jet in the central region of the metal wire array (3).

2. The ultra-high-speed water jet generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal wires (31) or metal foils in the metal wire array (3) are arranged at equal intervals.

3. The ultra-high-speed water jet generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage pulse current output device (4) includes a high-voltage power supply (41), an energy storage capacitor (42), and an air switch (43). The positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply (41) is connected in series with the air switch (43) and the high-voltage electrode. The energy storage capacitor (42) is connected in parallel with the high-voltage power supply (41) and is located in front of the air switch (43). The negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply (41) is connected to the high-voltage negative terminal (2) and grounded. When the air switch (43) is open, the high-voltage power supply (41) charges the energy storage capacitor (42). After charging to a set value, charging stops. When the air switch (43) is turned on, the energy storage capacitor (42) discharges. The high-voltage pulse current output device (4) supplies power to the high-voltage positive terminal (1) and the high-voltage negative terminal (2). The metal wire (31) undergoes an electrical explosion.

4. A method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets using the ultra-high-speed water jet generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Design Water Jet Generator 1.1 Design of Metal Wire Array The metal wire array (3) is a group of metal wires (31) arranged at intervals in the shape of a rotating body, with the central axis of the rotating body being the central axis of the metal wire array (3). 1.1.1 Select metal wires (31) of different materials, diameters, and quantities. 1.1.2 Determine the shape and parameters of the rotating body of the wire array. 1.2 Design of a high-voltage pulse current output device Design the circuit of the high voltage pulse current output device (4) and determine the parameters of the high voltage pulse current output device (4); S2 Constructs a water jet generator 2.1 Fix the high voltage positive electrode (1) and the high voltage negative electrode (2) to the bracket in parallel and with a gap; 2.2 Determine the position of the central axis of the metal wire array, fix the two ends of each metal wire to the high voltage positive electrode (1) and the high voltage negative electrode (2), and complete the installation of the metal wire array (3) according to the rotating body shape of the metal wire array (3); 2.3 The positive terminal of the high-voltage pulse current output device is connected to the high-voltage positive terminal (1), and the negative terminal is connected to the high-voltage negative terminal (2) and grounded. S3 generates ultra-high-speed water jets 3.1 Place water jet generators with different parameters in a liquid medium. 3.2 When the high-voltage pulse current output device is energized, the metal wires undergo an electrical explosion, generating a water jet in the central axis region of the metal wire array. 3.3 The velocity of the water jet was detected in the central axis region of the wire array using testing instruments. 3.4 If the water jet speed does not reach the required speed, replace the water jet generator with one of different parameters and repeat steps 3.1 to 3.3 until an ultra-high-speed water jet that meets the speed requirements is detected.

5. The method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 1.1.2, the metal wire array (3) is cylindrical, and the parameters to be determined are the radius and height of the cylinder; in step 2.1, the spacing between the high voltage positive electrode (1) and the high voltage negative electrode (2) is equal to the height of the cylinder; in step 2.2, the distance of the metal wire (31) from the central axis is equal to the radius of the cylinder, and the length of the metal wire (31) is equal to the height of the cylinder.

6. The method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 1.1.2, the metal wire array (3) is frustum-shaped, and the parameters to be determined for the metal wire array (3) are the height of the frustum and any two of the major diameter, minor diameter, and taper; the distance between the high voltage positive electrode (1) and the high voltage negative electrode (2) in step 2.1 is equal to the height of the frustum; in step 2.2, the length of the metal wire (31) is equal to the length of the generatrix of the frustum, and the distance from the two ends of the metal wire (31) to the central axis is the major diameter or minor diameter of the frustum.

7. The method for generating ultra-high-speed water jets according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step 2.4 is added to S2: A constraint cylinder (6) is set at the central axis of the metal wire array (3). The constraint cylinder (6) is a thin-walled cylinder. The same liquid or different kinds of liquid are filled inside and outside the constraint cylinder (6). A high-speed water jet is sprayed out from the constraint cylinder (6). Both ends of the constraint cylinder (6) are open or the non-working end is closed.

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