An optimization method and device based on flocculation, vacuum and solidified sludge integration

Abstract

The application is an integrated optimization method and device for sludge based on flocculation, vacuum and solidification, which comprises a sludge treatment device including a flocculation conditioning component, an oxidation conditioning component, a solidification conditioning component, a retardation conditioning component, an upper vacuum component, a lower vacuum component, a standing component and a standing vacuum component; the upper vacuum component, the lower vacuum component or the standing vacuum component is vacuumized by a vacuum pressure module; the sludge is divided into high-organic sludge, small-batch low-organic sludge and large-batch low-organic sludge according to the sludge quality and organic matter content; the appropriate component is selected according to the processing object for hierarchical splicing from top to bottom; in each sludge processing process, the work in one component is completed and then enters the next component until the processing is completed. The application can process different types of sludge, and the hierarchical splicing connection is achieved by setting multiple components; the work in one component is completed and then enters the next component, thereby improving the efficient utilization rate of sludge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sludge treatment technology, and in particular to an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge. Background Technology

[0002] Engineering construction and river dredging generate large amounts of dredged sludge with high water content. Traditionally, dredged sludge was typically treated by establishing stockpiles and allowing for natural settling, resulting in low sludge utilization. Existing methods for treating dredged sludge include, but are not limited to, surcharge preloading, vacuum preloading, flocculation, electroosmosis, pressure filtration, and solidification. However, a single treatment method often fails to achieve the desired results when dealing with sludge of varying water content, especially high-water-content sludge.

[0003] In recent years, a novel method for treating engineering waste sludge by combining flocculation, vacuum preloading, and solidification has been widely studied, and integrated devices have been developed for systematic sludge treatment. These integrated devices refer to the simultaneous addition of sludge and various conditioning agents, which simultaneously condition the sludge.

[0004] However, the silt generated in different engineering projects and river dredging projects is usually different. If various conditioning agents are added at the same time, it will not only fail to produce good results in silt treatment, but may also have the opposite effect. Moreover, the relevant methods usually use the same integrated device when treating silt, which cannot efficiently utilize silt with different properties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge. This method and apparatus can process different types of sludge and improve the efficiency of sludge utilization by setting up multiple components for graded splicing and connection, with the sludge completing its work in one component before moving to the next.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An optimized method based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge includes the following steps:

[0008] Set up a sludge treatment device: including a flocculation conditioning component, an oxidation conditioning component, a solidification conditioning component, and a retarding conditioning component, respectively adding flocculant, oxidant, solidifying agent, and retarding agent; an upper vacuum component, a lower vacuum component, a settling component, and a settling vacuum component; and evacuate the upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, or settling vacuum component through a vacuum pressure module.

[0009] Determine the treatment targets: Based on the organic matter content and quality of the sludge, the sludge will be treated as high-organic-matter sludge, small-batch low-organic-matter sludge, and large-batch low-organic-matter sludge.

[0010] High organic matter sludge treatment: top-to-bottom graded splicing flocculation conditioning component, upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, oxidation conditioning component, solidification conditioning component, and settling component;

[0011] Small-batch low-organic-matter sludge treatment: top-down graded splicing flocculation conditioning component, upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, solidification conditioning component, and settling component;

[0012] Large-scale treatment of low-organic-matter sludge: top-down graded splicing of flocculation conditioning components, slowing conditioning components, solidification conditioning components, and static vacuum components;

[0013] In each sludge treatment process, work is completed in one component before moving on to the next, until the treatment is finished.

[0014] Furthermore, during the sludge treatment process, multiple experiments were conducted by changing the dosage of flocculant, oxidant, curing agent, or retarder to obtain the optimal dosage of flocculant, oxidant, curing agent, or retarder.

[0015] By changing the timing of the action of various components, multiple experiments were conducted to obtain the optimal timing for each component to take effect.

[0016] The comprehensive treatment effect of flocculants, oxidants, curing agents or retarders under different dosages and time points was obtained through multiple experiments.

[0017] Furthermore, the flocculant is anionic polyacrylamide, the retarder is sodium pyrophosphate or sodium gluconate, the oxidant is potassium ferrate, and the curing agent is cement.

[0018] Furthermore, the dosage of various conditioning agents is selected according to the following ratios: the mass ratios of anionic polyacrylamide, cement, and potassium ferrate relative to the dry soil mass are 0.05%–0.2%, 10%–50%, and 0.1%–0.5%, respectively; and the mass ratios of sodium pyrophosphate and sodium gluconate relative to the cement mass are 0.1%–0.6% and 0.05%–0.2%, respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, an organic matter threshold is set, which is 4% to 6% of the dry soil mass. If the organic matter content exceeds the organic matter threshold, it indicates that the silt is high-organic-matter silt; if the organic matter content does not exceed the organic matter threshold, it indicates that the silt is low-organic-matter silt.

[0020] An optimization device based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge, used to implement any of the optimization methods based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge, the device comprising:

[0021] A mixing drum is provided with an agitator inside. A material inlet is provided on the side of the mixing drum. By adding flocculant, oxidant, curing agent or retarder to the material inlet, the mixing drum is formed into a flocculation conditioning component, an oxidation conditioning component, a curing conditioning component or a retarding conditioning component.

[0022] A vacuum cylinder, wherein a first vacuum device is provided in the upper part of the vacuum cylinder to form an upper vacuum assembly, and a first vacuum device is provided in the lower part of the vacuum cylinder to form a lower vacuum assembly;

[0023] A settling cylinder, when empty, forms a settling assembly; a second vacuum device is installed inside, forming a settling vacuum assembly.

[0024] A vacuum pressure module includes a vacuum pump and a water-gas separator connected to the vacuum pump via a first vacuum tube. The water-gas separator is connected to a first vacuum device or a second vacuum device via a second vacuum tube to evacuate the upper vacuum assembly, the lower vacuum assembly, or the stationary vacuum assembly.

[0025] The stirring cylinder, vacuum cylinder, and settling cylinder are all made of transparent material, and each has a connector and a sludge conveying interface at the top and bottom. The sludge conveying interface is equipped with a sealing plate and an opening and closing drive for driving the sealing plate to open and close. Depending on the requirements, one or more of the following components can be combined: flocculation conditioning component, oxidation conditioning component, solidification conditioning component, slowing conditioning component, upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, settling component, and settling vacuum component to form a sludge treatment device for treating sludge. Adjacent components are connected by connectors.

[0026] Furthermore, the agitator includes an external drive unit and an internal agitator. The internal agitator includes a hollow rod and a stirring bracket connected to the hollow rod via a coaxial reverser. The stirring bracket is provided with a plurality of first stirring blades evenly distributed at a certain distance. The hollow rod is provided with a plurality of second stirring blades evenly distributed at a certain distance. The first stirring blades and the second stirring blades are staggered in the extension direction of the hollow rod. The hollow rod is provided with a plurality of discharge ports. The hollow rod is fixed to the material inlet. The external drive unit drives the hollow rod to rotate.

[0027] Furthermore, the external drive component is fixed on the mixing drum. The external drive component includes a drive housing and a drive motor, drive gear, gear ring, planetary gears, hollow telescopic rod, sun gear, and gear ring disposed within the drive housing. The drive motor is disposed within the drive housing and drives the drive gear to rotate. The drive gear meshes with the outer ring of the gear ring, and the inner ring of the gear ring meshes with the planetary gears. A hollow telescopic rod is fixed on the planetary gears. The sun gear meshes with the planetary gears. A double-acting hydraulic pump is fixed on the sun gear. A rotating component is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the double-acting hydraulic pump. The rotating component is fixed to the hollow telescopic rod. A first rotating disk is rotatably connected to the drive housing. The first rotating disk has a material inlet. One end of the hollow telescopic rod is connected to the material inlet. A second rotating disk is rotatably connected to the mixing drum. The material inlet is disposed on the second rotating disk. The other end of the hollow telescopic rod is connected to the material inlet.

[0028] Furthermore, the first vacuum device includes a first horizontal vacuum tube and a spring. The first horizontal vacuum tube has an L-shaped structure, with one end connected to the second vacuum tube and the other end provided with a spring interface. Multiple springs are connected to the spring interface. The ends of the springs are fitted with spring caps, and the outside of the springs is wrapped with geotextile or a sealing film. The first horizontal vacuum tube is connected to the second vacuum tube.

[0029] Furthermore, the second vacuum device includes a second horizontal vacuum tube and at least one vertical vacuum tube connected to the second horizontal vacuum tube. The vertical vacuum tube is connected to a plurality of horizontally spaced drainage plates that are vertically spaced at a certain distance. The second horizontal vacuum tube is connected to the second vacuum tube.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. This invention provides an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge. The apparatus is assembled for different treatment objects and targets and targeted optimization methods are adopted. For engineering waste sludge with low organic matter content, it achieves better results than traditional integrated treatment. The use of a graded approach, with the introduction of oxidant conditioning, does not affect the conditioning of other steps, thus broadening the application field of the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge.

[0032] 2. This invention provides an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge. The entire integrated apparatus for flocculation, vacuum pre-compression, and solidification of sludge is improved. Specifically, the stirring method of the stirring stage is improved, which effectively ensures the uniformity of stirring. At the same time, the vacuum stage can perform both horizontal and vertical vacuum simultaneously, and the horizontal vacuum stage can be smoothly carried out as the soil settles. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are intended to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is an assembly diagram of the control group for the engineering silt optimization treatment in Example 1 and the dredged lake mud optimization treatment in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the test group for the dredging mud optimization treatment in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of test groups 1 and 2 for the large-scale treatment of engineering sludge in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic front view of the sludge treatment device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic left view of the structure of the stirring cylinder of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the external drive component for the stirring tank of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing plate and connecting parts of the sludge treatment device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the upper vacuum assembly of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal reverse filter tube in the vacuum cylinder of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the horizontal drainage plate in the static vacuum assembly of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the first control group for the large-scale treatment of engineering sludge in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the second control group for the large-scale treatment of engineering sludge in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0046] Among them, 100, mixing drum; 101, material inlet; 102, sludge conveying interface; 103, connecting piece; 104, second rotating disc; 105, sealing plate; 1051, first sealing plate; 1052, second sealing plate; 106, opening and closing drive component; 1061, slide rail; 1062, first synchronous pulley; 1063, second synchronous pulley; 1064, synchronous belt; 1065, first connecting rod; 1066, second connecting rod; 110, flocculation conditioning component; 120, oxidation conditioning component; 130, solidification conditioning component; 1 40. Retarding and conditioning component; 150. External drive unit; 151. Drive housing; 152. Drive motor; 153. Drive gear; 154. Gear ring; 155. Planetary gear; 156. Hollow telescopic rod; 157. Sun gear; 158. First rotating disk; 159. Material inlet; 1510. Double-acting hydraulic pump; 1511. Rotating component; 160. Internal agitator; 161. Hollow rod; 162. Coaxial reverser; 163. Agitator support; 164. First agitator blade; 165. Second agitator blade; 166. Discharge port;

[0047] 200. Vacuum cylinder; 210. Upper vacuum assembly; 220. Lower vacuum assembly; 230. First vacuum device; 231. First horizontal vacuum tube; 232. Spring; 233. Spring interface; 234. Spring cover; 235. Sealing ring;

[0048] 300. Settling cylinder; 310. Settling assembly; 320. Settling vacuum assembly; 330. Second vacuum unit; 331. Second horizontal vacuum tube; 332. Vertical vacuum tube; 333. Bellows interface; 334. Bellows; 335. Hand-type connector; 336. Sealing cap; 337. Horizontal drain plate;

[0049] 400. Vacuum pressure module; 401. Vacuum pump; 402. First vacuum tube; 403. Water-air separator; 404. Second vacuum tube; 405. Valve; 406. Vacuum gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, thereby making the advantages and various effects of the present invention more clearly apparent. Those skilled in the art should understand that these specific embodiments and examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] Throughout this specification, unless otherwise specified, the terminology used herein should be understood as having the meaning commonly used in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In the event of any conflict, this specification shall prevail.

[0052] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly set on another component; when a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to another component.

[0053] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0054] Furthermore, in the description of this application, "multiple" or "several" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0055] The following will describe in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge according to this application.

[0056] This invention provides an optimized method based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge, comprising the following steps:

[0057] The sludge treatment device includes a flocculation conditioning component 110, an oxidation conditioning component 120, a solidification conditioning component 130, and a retarding conditioning component 140, each containing flocculant, oxidant, solidifying agent, and retarding agent, respectively; an upper vacuum component 210; a lower vacuum component 220; a settling component 310; and a settling vacuum component 320. The upper vacuum component 210, the lower vacuum component 220, or the settling vacuum component 320 is evacuated by a vacuum pressure module 400.

[0058] Determine the treatment targets: Based on the organic matter content and quality of the sludge, the sludge will be treated as high-organic-matter sludge, small-batch low-organic-matter sludge, and large-batch low-organic-matter sludge. Among them, the treatment targets include high-organic-matter sludge, represented by dredged sludge, and low-organic-matter sludge, represented by engineering waste sludge. The treatment objectives are optimal treatment and large-batch treatment. The large-batch treatment of low-organic-matter sludge is used to simulate the backfilling of foundation pits with engineering sludge.

[0059] Treatment of high organic matter sludge, such as Figure 1 As shown, the components are arranged from top to bottom in a hierarchical splicing manner: flocculation conditioning component 110, upper vacuum component 210, lower vacuum component 220, oxidation conditioning component 120, solidification conditioning component 130, and settling component 310.

[0060] Small-batch treatment of low-organic-matter sludge, such as Figure 2 As shown, the components are arranged from top to bottom in a hierarchical splicing structure: flocculation conditioning component 110, upper vacuum component 210, lower vacuum component 220, curing conditioning component 130, and settling component 310.

[0061] Large-scale treatment of low-organic-matter sludge, such as Figure 3 As shown, from top to bottom, the components are 110 for flocculation conditioning, 140 for slowing coagulation conditioning, 130 for solidification conditioning, and 320 for static vacuum conditioning.

[0062] In each sludge treatment process, work is completed in one component before moving on to the next, until the treatment is finished.

[0063] The primary function of flocculants is to accelerate the settlement of soil under its own weight. Secondly, the flocs they form can mitigate the clogging effect during the vacuum stage, and the complexes they form can have a slight effect on strength. The function of retarders is to slow down the hydration process of solidifying agents, so that hydration does not prematurely interfere with the flocculation and vacuum preloading process. The function of oxidants is to remove organic matter in sludge through oxidation, but strong oxidants can break down organic flocculants with good flocculation effects, producing negative effects. The function of solidifying agents is to carry out hydration reactions in sludge and improve soil strength.

[0064] This invention provides a preferred sludge treatment method based on sludge properties, comprising an integrated sludge treatment device: the integrated sludge treatment device includes a sludge conditioning module, a settling component 310, and a vacuum pressure module 400. The sludge conditioning module includes a flocculation conditioning component 110, an oxidation conditioning component 120, a solidification conditioning component 130, an upper vacuum component 210, and a lower vacuum component 220, which respectively add flocculants, oxidants, and solidifying agents. It can treat different types of sludge, and by setting up multiple components for graded splicing and connection, the sludge can be processed in one component and then enter the next component after completing its work, thereby improving the efficiency of sludge utilization.

[0065] In this invention, in the treatment of engineering sludge or dredged lake mud, the optimal dosage of flocculant, oxidant or solidifier is obtained by conducting multiple experiments by changing the dosage of flocculant, oxidant or solidifier.

[0066] Multiple experiments were conducted by changing the timing of the effects of various conditioning components to obtain the optimal timing for each component to take effect.

[0067] The comprehensive treatment effect of flocculants, oxidants, or curing agents under different dosages and time points was obtained through multiple experiments.

[0068] In this invention, anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is used as the flocculant, potassium ferrate as the oxidant, sodium pyrophosphate or sodium gluconate as the retarder, and cement as the curing agent. Considering flocculation efficiency and economic cost, the anionic polyacrylamide can be selected with a molecular weight of 12 million to 16 million. The anionic polyacrylamide needs to be prepared in advance as a 0.1% anionic polyacrylamide solution by stirring at 60-90 r / min for 40-45 min at a mass ratio of anionic polyacrylamide particles to water of 1:1000. The cement can be the most common P·O42.5 cement on the market; the potassium ferrate can be a commercially available product with analytical purity; and the concentration of the sodium pyrophosphate solution can be 5%.

[0069] In this invention, the dosage of various conditioning agents is selected according to the following ratios: the mass ratios of anionic polyacrylamide, cement, potassium ferrate, and dry soil are 0.05%–0.2%, 10%–50%, and 0.1%–0.5%, respectively; and the mass ratios of sodium pyrophosphate and sodium gluconate to cement are 0.1%–0.6% and 0.05%–0.2%, respectively.

[0070] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the conditioning agent dosage in the experimental group and the control group was 0.1% anionic polyacrylamide, 20% cement, 0.4% potassium ferrate, 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate, and 0.1% sodium gluconate, and the soil moisture content was uniformly adjusted to 500%.

[0071] In this invention, when a large amount of engineering sludge is treated, a slowing conditioning component 140 is set above the flocculation conditioning component 110.

[0072] In this invention, an organic matter threshold is set, which is 4% to 6% of the dry soil mass. If the organic matter content exceeds the organic matter threshold, it indicates that the silt is high organic matter silt, and if the organic matter content does not exceed the organic matter threshold, it indicates that the silt is low organic matter silt.

[0073] Reference Figures 1-12 As shown, the present invention also provides an optimization device based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge, for realizing the above-mentioned optimization method based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge. The device includes a stirring cylinder 100, a vacuum cylinder 200, a settling cylinder 300, and a vacuum pressure module 400.

[0074] The mixing drum 100 is equipped with a stirrer inside and a material inlet 101 is provided on the side of the mixing drum 100. By adding flocculant, oxidant, curing agent or retarder to the material inlet 101, the mixing drum 100 can form a flocculation conditioning component 110, an oxidation conditioning component 120, a curing conditioning component 130 or a retarding conditioning component 140.

[0075] The vacuum cylinder 200 forms an upper vacuum assembly 210 by setting a first vacuum device 230 in the upper middle part of the inner side of the vacuum cylinder 200, and forms a lower vacuum assembly 220 by setting a first vacuum device 230 in the lower middle part of the inner side of the vacuum cylinder 200.

[0076] The stationary cylinder 300 forms the stationary assembly 310.

[0077] The vacuum pressure module 400 includes a vacuum pump 401 and a water-gas separator 403 connected to the vacuum pump 401 through a first vacuum tube 402. The water-gas separator 403 is connected to the first vacuum device 230 through a second vacuum tube 404 to evacuate the upper vacuum component 210 or the lower vacuum component 220.

[0078] The stirring cylinder 100, vacuum cylinder 200, and settling cylinder 300 are all made of transparent material. The top and bottom are equipped with connectors 103 and sludge conveying interfaces 102. The sludge conveying interface 102 is equipped with a sealing plate 105 and an opening and closing drive component 106 for driving the sealing plate 105 to open and close.

[0079] This invention combines one or more of the following components according to requirements: flocculation conditioning component 110, oxidation conditioning component 120, solidification conditioning component 130, slowing conditioning component 140, upper vacuum component 210, lower vacuum component 220, and settling component 310, to form a sludge treatment device for treating sludge. Adjacent components are connected by connectors 103. In the sludge treatment process, each treatment step can be modularized and graded, resulting in better treatment effect compared to the previous integrated treatment.

[0080] Compared with existing technologies, the flocculation conditioning component 110, oxidation conditioning component 120, solidification conditioning component 130, retarding conditioning component 140, upper vacuum component 210, lower vacuum component 220, and settling component 310 are all unified components. During the installation of the optimization device, it can be installed simply by stacking them up and down and connecting them with connector 103. This makes the optimization device more systematic in production and assembly, and allows installers to quickly understand and get started during use.

[0081] The mixing tank 100 will be described in detail below, please refer to... Figures 4-6 .

[0082] In this invention, the stirring cylinder 100 is made of transparent glass, and a stirrer is installed inside the transparent glass.

[0083] In this invention, the stirrer includes an external drive unit 150 and an internal stirring unit 160.

[0084] The built-in stirring component 160 includes a hollow rod 161 and a stirring bracket 163 connected to the hollow rod 161 via a coaxial reverser 162. The stirring bracket 163 is provided with a plurality of first stirring blades 164 evenly distributed at a certain distance, and the hollow rod 161 is provided with a plurality of second stirring blades 165 evenly distributed at a certain distance. The first stirring blades 164 and the second stirring blades 165 are staggered in the extension direction of the hollow rod 161. The hollow rod 161 is provided with a plurality of discharge ports 166. The hollow rod 161 is fixed on the material inlet 101, and the external driving component 150 drives the hollow rod 161 to rotate.

[0085] During use, the hollow rod 161 is driven to rotate by the external drive component 150, causing the hollow rod 161 and the stirring bracket 163 to rotate in opposite directions, which in turn causes the first stirring blade 164 and the second stirring blade 165 to rotate in opposite directions, thus stirring the sludge and materials, which are flocculants, flocculants, solidifying agents or retarder.

[0086] Specifically, the stirring support 163 has a U-shaped structure, and the first stirring blade 164 is located on the upper and lower sides of the stirring support 163.

[0087] An external drive unit 150 is fixed to the mixing drum 100. The external drive unit 150 includes a drive housing 151 and a drive motor 152, a drive gear 153, a gear ring 154, planetary gears 155, a hollow telescopic rod 156, a sun gear 157, and a gear ring 154 disposed within the drive housing 151. The drive motor 152 is installed inside the drive housing 151, and the drive gear 153 is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 152. The drive motor 152 drives the drive gear 153 to rotate. The gear ring 154 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the drive housing 151. The drive gear 153 meshes with the outer ring of the gear ring 154, and the inner ring of the gear ring 154 meshes with the planetary gears 155. A hollow telescopic rod 156 is fixed on the planetary gears 155, and the sun gear 157 is rotatably connected to the drive housing 151. Inside the sun gear 157, a double-acting hydraulic pump 1510 is fixedly mounted on the sun gear 157 and meshes with the planetary gear 155. A rotating component 1511 is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the double-acting hydraulic pump 1510. The double-acting hydraulic pump 1510 achieves transverse reciprocating motion through a hydraulic directional valve and an oil tank. The rotating component 1511 is fixed on the hollow telescopic rod 156. A first rotating disk 158 is rotatably connected to the drive housing 151. A material inlet 159 is provided on the first rotating disk 158. One end of the hollow telescopic rod 156 is connected to the material inlet 159. A second rotating disk 104 is rotatably connected to the mixing drum 100. A material inlet 101 is set on the second rotating disk 104. The other end of the hollow telescopic rod 156 is connected to the hollow rod 161 through the material inlet 101.

[0088] During use, the material enters the hollow telescopic rod 156 through the material inlet 159, then enters the hollow rod 161 through the material inlet 101 from the hollow telescopic rod 156, and is discharged into the mixing drum 100 from the discharge outlet 166 to combine with the sludge.

[0089] The drive motor 152 drives the drive gear 153 to rotate, the drive gear 153 drives the gear ring 154 to rotate, and the gear ring 154 drives the planetary gear 155 to rotate. Since a hollow telescopic rod 156 is fixed on the planetary gear 155, and a second rotating disk 104 is rotatably connected to the mixing drum 100, the material inlet 101 is set on the second rotating disk 104, and the other end of the hollow telescopic rod 156 is connected to the hollow rod 161 through the material inlet 101, the hollow telescopic rod 156 will drive the hollow rod 161 to rotate relative to the sun gear 157 in the mixing drum 100, thereby increasing the mixing effect.

[0090] Planetary gear 155 drives sun gear 157 to rotate. Since a double-acting hydraulic pump 1510 is fixed on sun gear 157, and a rotating component 1511 is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the double-acting hydraulic pump 1510, and the rotating component 1511 is fixed on the hollow telescopic rod 156, the hollow telescopic rod 156 will extend and retract relative to the mixing drum 100, so that the hollow rod 161 extends and retracts back and forth inside the mixing drum 100, further increasing the mixing effect.

[0091] In other words, inside the mixing drum 100, the material exits from the discharge port 166 of the hollow rod 161, moves in opposite directions through the first mixing blade 164 and the second mixing blade 165, and retracts and expands back and forth within the mixing drum 100, rotating relative to the sun gear 157 within the mixing drum 100, thus ensuring thorough and uniform mixing of the material and sludge. Compared with existing technologies, this effectively guarantees uniform mixing.

[0092] To enable the first rotating disk 158 and the second rotating disk 104 to rotate, annular grooves are provided on the side walls of the mixing drum 100 and the drive housing 151. The first rotating disk 158 and the second rotating disk 104 are respectively located in the annular grooves on the side walls of the mixing drum 100 and the drive housing 151. Sealing rings 235 are fitted on the outer sides of the first rotating disk 158 and the second rotating disk 104. Sealing rings 235 are also provided in the material inlet 101 and the feed port 159.

[0093] The first vacuum device 230 is described in detail below, referring to... Figure 8 and Figure 9 .

[0094] The first vacuum device 230 includes a first horizontal vacuum tube 231 and springs 232. The first horizontal vacuum tube 231 has an L-shaped structure, with one end connected to the second vacuum tube 404 and the other end provided with a spring interface 233. Multiple springs 232 are connected to the spring interface 233. The end of the spring 232 is fitted with a spring cover 234. The outside of the spring 232 is wrapped with geotextile or sealing film. The function of the spring cover 234 is to ensure that the vacuum negative pressure does not leak from the spring 232 axially and to ensure that it acts entirely on the side wall of the spring 232. When the spring 232 is connected to the spring interface 233 and the spring cover 234, the connection is sealed with a sealing ring 235. The first horizontal vacuum tube 231 is connected to the second vacuum tube 404.

[0095] The vacuum pressure module 400 evacuates the first horizontal vacuum tube 231.

[0096] An upper vacuum assembly 210 is formed by setting a first vacuum device 230 in the upper middle part of the inner side of the vacuum cylinder 200, and a lower vacuum assembly 220 is formed by setting a first vacuum device 230 in the lower middle part of the inner side of the vacuum cylinder 200.

[0097] When the wall of spring 232 is wrapped with a ring of geotextile, spring 232 acts as a skeleton, and geotextile acts as a filter layer. Spring 232 and geotextile together form a filter tube. If the wall of spring 232 is wrapped with a ring of sealing film, vacuum negative pressure cannot be transmitted from spring 232.

[0098] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the spring interface 233 has five interfaces, enabling the spring interface 233 to connect five springs 232. Specifically, the spring interface 233 has a downward interface and four interfaces arranged in a cross shape in the horizontal direction. The downward interface connects to the springs 232 wrapped with geotextile to form a vertical reverse filter tube, and the four interfaces arranged in a cross shape connect to the springs 232 wrapped with geotextile or sealing membrane to form a horizontal reverse filter tube. In the upper vacuum assembly 210, the geotextile wraps the vertical reverse filter tube, and the sealing membrane wraps the horizontal reverse filter tube. In the lower vacuum assembly 220, the geotextile wraps both the vertical and horizontal reverse filter tubes.

[0099] The upper vacuum assembly 210 improves the efficiency of extracting supernatant by using a sealing membrane instead of geotextile to wrap the horizontal filter tube, so that the vacuum can only be transmitted in the vertical filter tube.

[0100] The lower vacuum assembly 220 has four horizontal filter tubes arranged in a cross shape on the spring interface 233, which can spread the vacuum more evenly, reduce the uneven lateral deformation of the silt, and improve the overall integrity of the silt after treatment.

[0101] Specifically, the advantage of using spring 232 and geotextile to form a filter tube is that spring 232 has a certain rigidity, and the filter tube will not be damaged by the falling soil when the previous silt enters the vacuum device.

[0102] As a specific implementation method, when selecting the spring 232 in the vertical filter tube of the upper vacuum assembly 210, the length of the spring 232 needs to be selected according to the predicted height of the soil after treatment by the upper vacuum assembly 210, so as to ensure that the spring 232 can finally maintain contact with the soil but not enter the soil. The function of the vertical filter tube in the upper vacuum assembly 210 is to discharge the supernatant in the upper vacuum assembly 210 but to prevent the vacuum degree from spreading in the soil, that is, no excess pore water pressure will be generated in the soil.

[0103] Compared with existing technologies, the upper vacuum component 210 can freely settle with the soil settlement when in upper vacuum mode, and can extract the supernatant without transmitting the vacuum negative pressure to the soil. The lower vacuum component 220 can simultaneously achieve horizontal and vertical vacuum preloading when in lower vacuum mode, making the spread of vacuum degree in the soil more uniform and reducing uneven settlement of the soil. The spring 232 in the vertical filter tube of the lower vacuum component 220 can also be selected according to the initial soil height entering the lower vacuum component 220, and the soil itself can be used for sealing, further reducing the loss of vacuum degree at the beginning.

[0104] The static vacuum assembly 320 is described in detail below, please refer to... Figure 3 and Figure 10 .

[0105] The second vacuum device 330 includes a second horizontal vacuum tube 331 and at least one vertical vacuum tube 332 connected to the second horizontal vacuum tube 331. A plurality of horizontal drainage plates 337 distributed vertically at a certain distance are connected to the vertical vacuum tube 332. The second horizontal vacuum tube 331 is connected to the second vacuum tube 404.

[0106] Specifically, the second vacuum unit 330 also includes a bellows interface 333, a bellows 334, geotextile, a sealing ring 235, a hand-type connector 335, and a sealing cover 336. The bellows interface 333 is welded onto the vertical vacuum tube 332, and the vacuum negative pressure can be directly transmitted from the vertical vacuum tube 332 to the bellows interface 333. One end of the bellows 334 is connected to the bellows interface 333, and the other end is connected to the hand-type connector 335. Both ends of the bellows 334 are sealed with sealing rings 235. The horizontal drainage board 337 is connected by inserting into the hand-type connector 335, and the geotextile wraps the upper and lower sides of the horizontal drainage board 337. The sealing cover 336 covers the top of the silt in the static vacuum assembly 320. All the silt falls into the static vacuum assembly 320 and the sealing cover 336 is closed to prevent the loss of vacuum negative pressure.

[0107] During the vacuum preloading process of the stationary vacuum assembly 320, the continuous settlement of the soil will inevitably cause the horizontal drainage board 337 to settle as well, causing the corrugated pipe interface 333 and the horizontal drainage board 337 to not remain on the same horizontal plane. If this is not controlled or resolved, the horizontal drainage board 337 will inevitably tilt or bend. When the soil settles, the corrugated pipe 334 deforms and moves downward, causing the horizontal drainage board 337 to settle with the soil, reducing the possibility of the horizontal drainage board 337 tilting or bending, thereby ensuring the drainage efficiency of the stationary device.

[0108] In this invention, one end of the hand-shaped connector 335 is cylindrical and connected to the corrugated pipe 334, while the other end is a conventional hand-shaped connector for drainage plates and is fixed with rivets.

[0109] In this invention, a horizontal vacuum tube is connected to multiple vertical vacuum tubes 332, and horizontal drainage plates 337 on the multiple vertical vacuum tubes 332 are arranged alternately up and down. The alternating arrangement allows for a more uniform spread of vacuum. The main reason for the clogging effect of the drainage plates is that small particles block the drainage holes. When the vertical vacuum tubes 332 are equipped with valves 405, the alternating opening of the valves 405 can also cause small particles to move up and down, effectively preventing the drainage plates from delaying the clogging phenomenon.

[0110] In this invention, both the geotextile and the horizontal drainage board 337 have a reverse filtration function, and the simultaneous use of the two can increase the drainage efficiency.

[0111] Compared with existing technologies, the innovation of the static vacuum assembly 320 lies in the fact that the horizontal drainage board 337 can settle with the settlement of the soil, and the alternating arrangement of the horizontal drainage board 337 can also effectively delay the occurrence of drainage board clogging. In the past, indoor test sealing was done with plastic bags, which was inconvenient to observe the test phenomena and could not guarantee the sealing performance. The static module of this device uses a glass sealing cover 336 for vacuum sealing, which can both facilitate the observation of test phenomena and ensure the sealing performance.

[0112] The vacuum pressure module 400 is described in detail below, please refer to... Figure 1-3 and Figure 11 and Figure 12 .

[0113] The vacuum pressure module 400 includes a water-gas separator 403, a valve 405, a vacuum gauge 406, and a vacuum pump 401. The vacuum pressure module 400 is connected to the first vacuum unit 230 via a vacuum tube and to the stationary vacuum assembly 320 via a second vacuum tube 404. The water discharged from the upper vacuum assembly 210, the lower vacuum assembly 220, and the stationary vacuum assembly 320 is stored in their respective water-gas separators 403. Each water-gas separator 403 is marked with a scale to observe the drainage volume. The vacuum gauge 406 observes the magnitude of the vacuum negative pressure. The vacuum pump 401 serves as the vacuum negative pressure source.

[0114] In this invention, the pipes are connected by the engagement of their threads, and the connectors 103 of two adjacent components are connected by bolts.

[0115] In this invention, the input flow rate of various conditioning agents and sludge, as well as the propagation of vacuum negative pressure, are controlled by valve 405.

[0116] In this invention, when assembling the sludge treatment device, several components required for this purpose are selected and stacked on the same vertical plane. The components are connected to each other by bolts. The upper vacuum component 210, the lower vacuum component 220, or the static vacuum component 320 are connected to the vacuum pressure module 400 through the second vacuum tube 404. The sludge conveying interface 102 of the uppermost component is opened and kept in the open state, while the remaining sludge conveying interfaces 102 are sealed by the sealing plate 105 and kept in the closed state.

[0117] In this invention, the shape of the sludge conveying interface 102 can be arbitrary, and its shape and size are consistent with those of the mixing drum 100 and the vacuum drum 200, to ensure that sludge does not remain inside the device during top-to-bottom processing.

[0118] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 7The sealing plate 105 includes a first sealing plate 1051 and a second sealing plate 1052. The top and bottom of the stirring tank, vacuum tank, and settling tank are all equipped with the first sealing plate 1051 and the second sealing plate 1052. The opening and closing drive component 106 includes a slide rail 1061, a first synchronous pulley 1062, a second synchronous pulley 1063, a synchronous belt 1064, a first connecting rod 1065, a second connecting rod 1066, and an opening and closing motor. The top and bottom of the stirring tank, vacuum tank, and settling tank are all provided with slide rails 1061. The first sealing plate 1051 and the second sealing plate 1052 are slidably connected to the slide rails 1061. On the top and bottom of the stirring tank, vacuum tank, and settling tank, a first synchronous pulley 1062 and a second synchronous pulley 1063 are set at a certain distance. A synchronous belt 1064 is fitted on the first synchronous pulley 1062 and the second synchronous pulley 1063. A first connecting rod 1065 and a second connecting rod 1066 are fixed on the synchronous belt 1064 on both sides of the first synchronous pulley 1062 and the second synchronous pulley 1063, respectively. The first connecting rod 1065 and the second connecting rod 1066 are fixed to the first sealing plate 1051 and the second sealing plate 1052, respectively. The first synchronous pulley 1062 is driven to rotate by an opening and closing motor.

[0119] During use, the opening and closing motor drives the first synchronous belt 1064 to rotate, which in turn drives the synchronous belt 1064 to rotate, thereby opening and closing the first sealing plate 1051 and the second sealing plate 1052. Since the slide rail 1061 restricts the vertical movement of the first sealing plate 1051 and the second sealing plate 1052, the first sealing plate 1051 and the second sealing plate 1052 can be easily opened and closed in the lateral direction, and will not move vertically due to the gravity of the silt.

[0120] The following describes in detail an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge provided by the present invention through embodiments 1-3.

[0121] Example 1

[0122] Reference Figure 1 Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides an optimized method for treating low-organic-matter sludge, represented by engineering sludge, based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge.

[0123] In traditional integrated treatment processes, the interaction of various factors can produce a synergistic effect, resulting in a final treatment effect greater than the sum of its parts (1+1+1>3). Therefore, this integrated treatment method is widely used in engineering practice. However, while generating synergistic effects, these factors often also produce certain negative impacts. For example, premature formation of hydration products can clog drainage channels and affect the effectiveness of vacuum preloading; premature formation of hydration products also hinders early flocculation and sedimentation. Furthermore, the positive impact of a previous treatment step on a subsequent one often takes time to materialize. For instance, studies have shown that initiating vacuum preloading immediately at the start of flocculation often results in a lower final drainage volume compared to waiting for a certain amount of supernatant to be produced, and the latter often achieves the same drainage volume earlier. Therefore, modularizing and grading the various treatment steps, compared to previous integrated treatment methods, yields better treatment results.

[0124] In this embodiment, the sludge is first conditioned with a flocculant until the settling amount in the upper vacuum component 210 no longer changes, then it enters the next stage, the lower vacuum component 220. The main function of the flocculant is to accelerate the settling of the sludge by its own weight, while also generating more large particles to prevent fine particles from clogging the drainage plate during vacuum pre-compression. The modular and graded treatment of this device can reduce the negative impact between the conditioning effects without losing the advantages of each step. When the water level in the water-air separator 403 connected to the lower vacuum component 220 remains basically unchanged, the sludge is added to the solidification conditioning component 130 and finally placed into the settling component 310.

[0125] This embodiment simultaneously sets up an upper vacuum assembly 210 and a lower vacuum assembly 220. Once the sedimentation rate of the sludge in the upper vacuum assembly 210 stops changing, the supernatant is extracted and then transferred to the lower vacuum assembly 220. Compared to setting up a separate lower vacuum assembly 220 and activating the vacuum pump 401 connected to the lower vacuum assembly 220 after the sludge has settled, this method has the following advantages:

[0126] 1. The settings in this example can reduce the length of the spring 232 in the vertical filter tube of the lower vacuum component 220, thereby reducing the loss of vacuum due to continuous soil settlement.

[0127] 2. When the method of first letting the soil stand in the lower vacuum component 220 and then turning on the vacuum pump 401 is adopted, the supernatant will accumulate on the upper part of the soil for a long time, so that the moisture content of the soil does not change for a long time, which affects the effect of vacuum preloading.

[0128] The advantages of this embodiment compared to the traditional integrated process are as follows: This embodiment considers the timing of each conditioning step as a factor. While the various processes in the integrated process are mutually reinforcing, if the previous conditioning step is fully completed before the next step is performed, better processing results can often be achieved without significantly increasing the total processing time. This device can achieve automated processing by mechanically observing the changes in the scale of the upper vacuum component 210, lower vacuum component 220, and water-air separator 403 via computer. Furthermore, in the past, retarders were often used to delay the hydration reaction in the integrated process. However, it is currently unknown whether cement-based retarders promote the formation of sludge flocs, and different retarders produce different retardation effects. Retarders can only slow down the hydration reaction and cannot completely inhibit it. Excessive use of retarders, such as inorganic retarders, can alter the chemical products of the curing agent, which is detrimental to strength; excessive use of organic retarders may also cause deflocculation due to charge repulsion. The processing method in this embodiment can achieve graded processing between each conditioning step by stacking the components one on top of the other, without considering the factor of retarder, thus achieving better results than the previous integrated processing.

[0129] Specifically, Example 1 included one experimental case and three comparative cases, with the initial water content of the selected sludge being 500%. Experimental Case 1 employed the present invention as follows: Figure 1 The assembly method shown uses a conditioner dosage of 0.1% APAM and 20% cement. Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 are conventional integrated treatments, differing from the device of this invention in that they employ a traditional integrated treatment device for flocculation, vacuum preloading, and solidification as described in the background art. In Comparative Example 1, vacuum preloading begins immediately after mixing and connection of the device; in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, vacuum preloading begins after mixing is completed and the liquid level remains stable. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the conditioner dosage is 0.1% APAM and 20% cement; in Comparative Example 3, the conditioner dosage is 0.1% APAM, 20% cement, and 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate. Vacuum preloading is stopped when the sludge height essentially stops changing.

[0130] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0131] Vacuum preloading duration / h 28-day undrained shear strength / kPa Moisture content after 28 days of curing / % Experimental Example 1 198 18.9 230 Comparative Example 1 406 13.6 255 Comparative Example 2 169 13.0 257 Comparative Example 3 186 15.8 238

[0132] Example 2

[0133] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an optimized method based on Embodiment 1, which integrates flocculation, vacuum and solidification of sludge to treat high organic matter sludge, represented by dredged lake mud.

[0134] In Example 2, the components of the experimental group were assembled from top to bottom as follows: flocculation conditioning component 110, upper vacuum component 210, lower vacuum component 220, oxidation conditioning component 120, solidification conditioning component 130, and settling component 310; the components of the control group were assembled from top to bottom as follows: flocculation conditioning component 110, upper vacuum component 210, lower vacuum component 220, solidification conditioning component 130, and settling component 310; the variable between the two was whether or not an oxidant was used for conditioning; the sludge used was dredged lake mud with high organic matter content.

[0135] Previous studies on integrated treatment have focused on variables such as the type and dosage of conditioning agents, as well as the optimization of conditioning steps and time. To reduce the number of variables, research has often focused only on engineering waste sludge with low organic matter content. Adding oxidants is the simplest and most direct method to remove organic matter from sludge. However, both humic substances and the flocculant APAM are organic compounds, and both become ineffective after oxidation. Therefore, without a modular, graded treatment approach, oxidants and organic flocculants cannot be simultaneously added in large quantities to the sludge. The harmful effect of humic substances is that they adsorb onto the surface of soil particles, hindering the bonding between cement hydration products and soil particles, thus affecting the strength after solidification. The most significant role of flocculation in the integrated process is to separate mud and water, reducing the spacing between soil particles and making it easier for a skeleton to form in the soil. In both sets of experiments, after flocculation conditioning and lower-level vacuum, the maximum effect of flocculation was achieved. Conditioning with strong oxidants can deactivate the humic substances in soil particles, thus removing organic matter without affecting the conditioning effect of the flocculant on the sludge.

[0136] In traditional integrated treatment processes, when flocculants and oxidants are added simultaneously, the flocculants cannot function effectively. The optimized method and apparatus described in this embodiment can simultaneously achieve flocculation conditioning and oxidation conditioning in the treatment of dredged lake mud with high organic matter content.

[0137] Specifically, the conditioner dosage for the experimental group was 0.1% APAM, 0.4% potassium ferrate, and 20% cement; the conditioner dosage for the control group was 0.1% APAM and 20% cement. The sludge had an organic matter content of 7.1% and an initial moisture content of 500%.

[0138] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0139] 28-day undrained shear strength / kPa experimental group 18.4 control group 12.6

[0140] Example 3

[0141] Reference Figure 3 , 11 12. This embodiment of the invention provides a method for rapidly and massively processing engineering waste sludge.

[0142] When a large quantity of processed sludge is needed, such as for rapid backfilling of foundation pits, the method described in the example involves processing each batch of sludge through the upper vacuum component 210 and the lower vacuum component 220, which is particularly time-consuming. In this case, it is necessary to consider using a retarder to delay the hydration of the curing agent. Multiple batches of sludge are obtained by stirring through the device. Vertical vacuum pipes 332 and horizontal drainage boards 337 are laid in multiple static vacuum components 320 for vacuum pre-compression. The form is consistent with the traditional method, which is to perform vacuum pre-compression after stirring. The optimization focus is on improving the static vacuum process.

[0143] The assembly method of several sludge conditioning components in the example test group, from top to bottom, is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the components include a flocculation conditioning component 110, a retarding conditioning component 140, a solidification conditioning component 130, and a static vacuum component 320; Figure 11 As shown, the assembly method of the sludge conditioning components in the first control group, from top to bottom, is as follows: flocculation conditioning component 110, solidification conditioning component 130, and static vacuum component 320; Figure 12 As shown, the assembly method of several sludge conditioning components in the second control group from top to bottom is as follows: flocculation conditioning component 110, lower vacuum component 220, solidification conditioning component 130, and settling component 310; the sludge used is engineering waste sludge with low organic matter content.

[0144] The cementitious material produced during curing can clog drainage channels, preventing water from being effectively discharged through the vacuum pre-compression process. The retained water will occupy the space where the cementitious material forms bonds, resulting in a decrease in the strength after curing. Retarder can effectively delay the hydration reaction of cement, while having little impact on the normal hydration reaction during the hydration acceleration period. Therefore, the incorporation of retarder is an essential conditioning agent in achieving integrated technology.

[0145] The retarder only delays the hydration reaction and does not affect the synergistic effect between flocculation and vacuum preloading. Therefore, the second control group has a different installation method than the example, that is, the second control group does not affect the coupling effect between flocculation and vacuum preloading.

[0146] By comparing the final unconfined compressive strength and vane shear strength of the experimental group and the first control group, the suitability of the retarder in the integrated technology can be effectively reflected. The treatment method of the second control group is a relatively ideal treatment method with lower final moisture content and higher final strength without considering the time factor. Using the final strength of the second control group as the benchmark, the content and type of retarder are changed, and the final strength is measured. The effect of the retarder is evaluated by the ratio of its final strength to that of the second control group, so as to select the most suitable type of retarder and explore the best method for rapid large-scale treatment of engineering waste sludge.

[0147] Specifically, the initial moisture content of the selected sludge was 500%. The conditioner dosage for test group 1 could be: 0.1% APAM, 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate, and 20% cement; the conditioner dosage for test group 2 could be: 0.1% APAM, 0.1% sodium gluconate, and 20% cement; the conditioner dosage for the first control group could be: 0.1% APAM and 20% cement; and the conditioner dosage for the second control group could be: 0.1% APAM and 20% cement.

[0148] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0149] 28-day undrained shear strength / kPa Relative shear strength / % Experimental group 1 15.7 87.2 Experimental group 2 17.0 94.4 First control group 13.6 75.6 Second control group 18.0 100

[0150] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0151] 1. This invention provides an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge. The apparatus is assembled for different treatment objects and targets and targeted optimization methods are adopted. For engineering waste sludge with low organic matter content, it achieves better results than traditional integrated treatment. The use of a graded approach, with the introduction of oxidant conditioning, does not affect the conditioning of other steps, thus broadening the application field of the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge.

[0152] 2. This invention provides an optimized method and apparatus based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge. The entire integrated apparatus for flocculation, vacuum pre-compression, and solidification of sludge is improved. Specifically, the stirring method of the stirring stage is improved, which effectively ensures the uniformity of stirring. At the same time, the vacuum stage can perform both horizontal and vertical vacuum simultaneously, and the horizontal vacuum stage of the static vacuum stage can proceed smoothly with the settlement of the soil.

[0153] Finally, it should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0154] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0155] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An optimized method based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge, characterized in that, include: A mixing drum is provided with an agitator inside. A material inlet is provided on the side of the mixing drum. By adding flocculant, oxidant, curing agent or retarder to the material inlet, the mixing drum is formed into a flocculation conditioning component, an oxidation conditioning component, a curing conditioning component or a retarding conditioning component. A vacuum cylinder, wherein a first vacuum device is provided in the upper part of the vacuum cylinder to form an upper vacuum assembly, and a first vacuum device is provided in the lower part of the vacuum cylinder to form a lower vacuum assembly; A settling cylinder, when empty, forms a settling assembly; a second vacuum device is installed inside, forming a settling vacuum assembly. A vacuum pressure module includes a vacuum pump and a water-gas separator connected to the vacuum pump via a first vacuum tube. The water-gas separator is connected to a first vacuum device or a second vacuum device via a second vacuum tube to evacuate the upper vacuum assembly, the lower vacuum assembly, or the stationary vacuum assembly. The stirring cylinder, vacuum cylinder, and settling cylinder are all made of transparent material, and each has a connector and a sludge conveying interface at the top and bottom. The sludge conveying interface is equipped with a sealing plate and an opening and closing drive for driving the sealing plate to open and close. One or more of the following components can be combined according to requirements: flocculation conditioning component, oxidation conditioning component, solidification conditioning component, slowing conditioning component, upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, settling component, and settling vacuum component to form a sludge treatment device for treating sludge. Adjacent components are connected by connectors. The agitator includes an external drive unit and an internal agitator. The internal agitator includes a hollow rod and a stirring bracket connected to the hollow rod via a coaxial reverser. The stirring bracket is provided with multiple first stirring blades evenly distributed at a certain distance. The hollow rod is provided with multiple second stirring blades evenly distributed at a certain distance. The first stirring blades and the second stirring blades are staggered in the extension direction of the hollow rod. The hollow rod is provided with multiple discharge ports. The hollow rod is fixed to the material inlet. The external drive unit drives the hollow rod to rotate. The external drive unit is fixed on the mixing drum. The external drive unit includes a drive housing and a drive motor, drive gear, gear ring, planetary gears, hollow telescopic rod, sun gear, and gear ring disposed within the drive housing. The drive motor is disposed within the drive housing and drives the drive gear to rotate. The drive gear meshes with the outer ring of the gear ring, and the inner ring of the gear ring meshes with the planetary gears. A hollow telescopic rod is fixed on the planetary gears. The sun gear meshes with the planetary gears. A double-acting hydraulic pump is fixed on the sun gear. A rotating component is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the double-acting hydraulic pump. The rotating component is fixed on the hollow telescopic rod. A first rotating disk is rotatably connected to the drive housing. The first rotating disk has a material inlet. One end of the hollow telescopic rod is connected to the material inlet. A second rotating disk is rotatably connected to the mixing drum. The material inlet is disposed on the second rotating disk. The other end of the hollow telescopic rod is connected to the material inlet. Set up a sludge treatment device: including a flocculation conditioning component, an oxidation conditioning component, a solidification conditioning component, and a retarding conditioning component, respectively adding flocculant, oxidant, solidifying agent, and retarding agent; an upper vacuum component, a lower vacuum component, a settling component, and a settling vacuum component; and evacuate the upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, or settling vacuum component through a vacuum pressure module. Determine the treatment targets: Based on the organic matter content and quality of the sludge, the sludge will be treated as high-organic-matter sludge, small-batch low-organic-matter sludge, and large-batch low-organic-matter sludge. High organic matter sludge treatment: top-to-bottom graded splicing flocculation conditioning component, upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, oxidation conditioning component, solidification conditioning component, and settling component; Small-batch low-organic-matter sludge treatment: top-down graded splicing flocculation conditioning component, upper vacuum component, lower vacuum component, solidification conditioning component, and settling component; Large-scale treatment of low-organic-matter sludge: top-down graded splicing of flocculation conditioning components, slowing conditioning components, solidification conditioning components, and static vacuum components; In each sludge treatment process, work is completed in one component before moving on to the next, until the treatment is finished.

2. The optimized method based on the integrated flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of sludge treatment, multiple experiments are conducted by changing the dosage of flocculant, oxidant, solidifying agent or retarder to obtain the optimal dosage of flocculant, oxidant, solidifying agent or retarder; By changing the timing of the action of various components, multiple experiments were conducted to obtain the optimal timing for the action of each component. The comprehensive treatment effect of flocculants, oxidants, curing agents or retarders under different dosages and time points was obtained through multiple experiments.

3. The optimized method based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flocculant is anionic polyacrylamide, the retarder is sodium pyrophosphate or sodium gluconate, the oxidant is potassium ferrate, and the curing agent is cement.

4. The optimized method based on the integration of flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The dosage of various conditioning agents is selected according to the following ratios: the mass ratio of anionic polyacrylamide, cement, and potassium ferrate to the dry soil mass is 0.05%~0.2%, 10%~50%, and 0.1%~0.5%, respectively; the mass ratio of sodium pyrophosphate and sodium gluconate to the cement mass is 0.1%~0.6% and 0.05%~0.2%, respectively.

5. The optimized method based on the integrated flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: An organic matter threshold is set, which is 4% to 6% of the dry soil mass. If the organic matter content exceeds the organic matter threshold, the silt is considered to be high-organic-matter silt. If the organic matter content does not exceed the organic matter threshold, the silt is considered to be low-organic-matter silt.

6. The optimized method based on the integrated flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first vacuum device includes a first horizontal vacuum tube and springs. The first horizontal vacuum tube has an L-shaped structure, with one end connected to the second vacuum tube and the other end having a spring interface. Multiple springs are connected to the spring interface, and the ends of the springs are fitted with spring caps. The outer side of the springs is wrapped with geotextile or a sealing membrane. The first horizontal vacuum tube is connected to the second vacuum tube. The spring interface has a downward interface and four interfaces arranged in a cross shape in the horizontal direction. The downward interface connects to the spring wrapped with geotextile to form a vertical reverse filter tube, and the four interfaces arranged in a cross shape connect to the spring wrapped with geotextile or a sealing membrane to form a horizontal reverse filter tube. In the upper vacuum assembly, geotextile wraps the vertical reverse filter tube, and the sealing membrane wraps the horizontal reverse filter tube. In the lower vacuum assembly, geotextile wraps both the vertical and horizontal reverse filter tubes.

7. The optimized method based on the integrated flocculation, vacuum, and solidification of sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second vacuum device includes a second horizontal vacuum tube and at least one vertical vacuum tube connected to the second horizontal vacuum tube. The vertical vacuum tube is connected to a plurality of horizontally spaced drainage plates that are vertically spaced at a certain distance. The second horizontal vacuum tube is connected to the second vacuum tube.

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