A self-heating thermoelectric ionic gel, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a self-heating thermoelectric ionic gel, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of thermoelectric energy conversion, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing carbon-based photothermal materials, propylene-based monomers, ionic liquids, a crosslinking agent and a thermal initiator to obtain a first prepolymer solution, and then performing thermal polymerization to obtain a photothermal gel; (2) uniformly mixing the propylene-based monomers, the ionic liquids, the crosslinking agent and a photoinitiator to obtain a second prepolymer solution, and then transferring the second prepolymer solution to the photothermal gel obtained in the step (1) to further perform photopolymerization, so that the self-heating thermoelectric ionic gel is obtained; the self-heating thermoelectric ionic gel has excellent photothermal conversion capacity, a high thermoelectric potential and a low thermal conductivity, so that a heat energy power generation device prepared by using the self-heating thermoelectric ionic gel has excellent light-heat-electric conversion performance and cycle performance under sunlight and can be used without depending on a fixed heat source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermoelectric energy conversion technology, specifically to a self-heating thermoelectric ionogel, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Low-grade heat energy is widely distributed, including solar thermal energy, industrial waste heat, geothermal energy, and human body heat dissipation. Currently, the utilization rate of this heat energy is low. Therefore, collecting and utilizing this low-grade heat energy through appropriate means is of great significance for improving energy efficiency and sustainable human development. Thermoelectric materials are a class of materials that can directly convert heat energy into electrical energy. These materials can utilize low-grade heat energy to create a temperature gradient across their ends, thereby causing the directional movement of charge carriers within the material, forming a voltage, and thus realizing the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy. Achieving the conversion of low-grade heat energy into electrical energy through thermoelectric materials is a highly efficient and economical energy utilization method.

[0003] In recent years, hydrogel materials have been widely used in the fabrication of flexible thermal power generation devices. For example, Chinese patent document CN114350094A discloses a temperature-sensitive thermoelectric hydrogel, its preparation method, and its application. This temperature-sensitive thermoelectric hydrogel includes a first network structure formed by crosslinking temperature-sensitive phase change components and a second network structure composed of polyacrylamide. The first and second network structures are interwoven, and salt ions are dispersed in both network structures. In this invention, thermoelectric conversion devices based on temperature-sensitive thermoelectric hydrogels exhibit high open-circuit voltage, high output power, and the ability to continuously output electrical power. However, thermoelectric hydrogels generally suffer from problems such as easy loss of moisture in the air, poor thermal stability, and the need to rely on a fixed heat source for operation. This leads to problems for flexible thermal power generation devices based on them, such as the inability to be used for extended periods in the air, limited operating temperature range, and inability to move freely.

[0004] Ionic gels, due to their good resistance to water loss and good thermal stability, provide a way to broaden the application scenarios of thermoelectric gels and improve the service life of devices. Chinese patent document CN113178515A discloses a hydrogel thermoelectric material based on ionic liquids and its preparation method, using a polymer as a gel-type framework material to coat inorganic materials and ionic liquids, thus preparing a low-cost, high-performance, industrially mass-producible ionic thermoelectric gel material. Chinese patent document CN115697014A discloses an ionic hydrogel, ionic thermoelectric device, its preparation method, and applications, adding conductive ions and phytic acid to a hydrogel-based material to prepare a hydrogel with thermoelectric effects. Chinese patent document CN117062508A discloses a graphene composite ionic thermoelectric gel, its preparation method, and applications. In this invention, the thermoelectric gel uses an organic matrix as the gelling matrix, and by adding graphene and redox couples, the flexibility, plasticity, heat resistance, and thermoelectric chemical effects of the gel are improved, giving it good thermoelectric conversion performance.

[0005] However, when applying the aforementioned ionogels to thermal power generation devices, the need for a fixed heat source may still limit their application scenarios. Therefore, how to achieve spontaneous generation of thermal gradients through structural design, thus eliminating dependence on external heat sources, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the dependence of existing flexible thermoelectric materials on external heat sources during application and to solve the problem of limited free movement and use, this invention provides a method for preparing a self-heating thermoelectric ion gel. The process is simple and efficient, and the prepared thermoelectric ion gel can spontaneously generate a temperature gradient under sunlight. Flexible thermal power generation devices made using this thermoelectric ion gel can generate electricity stably under sunlight, breaking through the limitations of the application environment.

[0007] The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0008] A method for preparing a self-heating thermoelectric ionogel includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) The carbon-based photothermal material, propylene-based monomer, ionic liquid, crosslinking agent and thermal initiator are mixed evenly to obtain the first prepolymer liquid, and then thermally polymerized to obtain photothermal gel;

[0010] (2) Mix the propylene monomer, ionic liquid, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator evenly to obtain a second prepolymer liquid. Transfer the second prepolymer liquid to the photothermal gel prepared in step (1) and further photopolymerize to obtain the self-heating thermoelectric ionic gel.

[0011] The ionic liquid is at least one of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dinitrile, 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dinitrile, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dinitrile, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium dinitrile, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dinitrile, N-ethylpyridine dinitrile, and N-butylpyridine dinitrile.

[0012] In the first and second prepolymer solutions, the mass ratio of propylene monomer to ionic liquid is 10-30:70-90; in the first prepolymer solution, the content of carbon-based photothermal material is 0.3%-4%, based on the total mass of propylene monomer and ionic liquid being 100%.

[0013] This invention introduces carbon-based photothermal materials into a polymer ionogel through structural design, constructing a self-heating thermoelectric ionogel via stepwise polymerization. Using carbon-based materials as the photothermal material, the material converts sunlight received on one side into heat energy, which is then transferred within the gel. This allows the ionogel to spontaneously generate a temperature gradient under sunlight, eliminating reliance on an external heat source. Furthermore, the cations and anions in the ionic liquid act as thermal diffractors. Due to the different migration rates of cations and anions under the temperature gradient, the concentrations of cations and anions differ at the hot and cold ends of the ionogel, creating a voltage difference between them. This process yields a self-heating thermoelectric ionogel suitable for flexible solar power generation devices, overcoming the dependence of existing thermoelectric ionogels on external heat sources during use.

[0014] The carbon-based photothermal materials include, but are not limited to, conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carboxylated carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide.

[0015] Preferably, in steps (1) and (2), the propylene monomer is at least one of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, acrylamide, and dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide.

[0016] Preferably, in steps (1) and (2), the crosslinking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the thermal initiator is selected from azobisisobutyronitrile or benzoyl peroxide; in step (2), the photoinitiator is selected from 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone or 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone.

[0018] In step (1), the thermal polymerization conditions are: temperature not lower than 70℃ and polymerization time not lower than 30 minutes. If the thermal polymerization temperature is too low or the polymerization time is too short, the thermal initiator will not be able to fully play its role and will not be able to form a gel.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the thermal polymerization temperature is 70-90℃ and the thermal polymerization time is 30-50 minutes.

[0020] In step (2), the photopolymerization conditions are: UV light intensity not less than 20W and polymerization time not less than 2 minutes. If the photopolymerization time is too short, the photoinitiator will not be able to fully function and will not be able to form a gel.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the photopolymerization conditions are: ultraviolet light intensity of 20-30W and photopolymerization time of 2-5 minutes.

[0022] The first and second prepolymer solutions also include a thermoelectric enhancer, which is sodium dinitrileamine; the content of the thermoelectric enhancer in the first and second prepolymer solutions is 0-1.8% based on the total mass of propylene monomer and ionic liquid being 100%.

[0023] Preferably, in the first prepolymer solution, based on 100% by mass of propylene monomers, the content of crosslinking agent is 0.5%–2%, and the content of thermal initiator is 0.5%–10%; in the second prepolymer solution, based on 100% by mass of propylene monomers, the content of crosslinking agent is 0.5%–2%, and the content of photoinitiator is 0.5%–10%. Under the above parameters, the prepared thermoelectric ionogel exhibits excellent photothermal conversion performance.

[0024] The present invention also provides a self-heating thermoelectric ionizing gel prepared by the method described above.

[0025] The self-heating thermoelectric ion gel has a Seebeck coefficient of not less than 0.85 mV / K, an electrical conductivity of not less than 12.9 mS / cm, a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.2329 W / m / K, and a temperature of not less than 40℃ after photothermal conversion.

[0026] The present invention also provides a thermal power generation device, which includes the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel; specifically, the thermal power generation device includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a self-heating thermoelectric ion gel located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

[0027] Preferably, the materials of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are selected from copper, aluminum, and polyethylene terephthalate (ITO electrode) plated with an indium tin oxide layer; more preferably, it is an ITO electrode, which has good light transmittance and conductivity.

[0028] The aforementioned thermal power generation devices can be used in series. Tests show that when these devices are used in series, the output power is 1000W / m. 2It can generate electricity at least 10 times under sunlight of sufficient intensity, and its thermoelectric potential is 1000 W / m². 2 The light intensity under sunlight shall not be less than 160mV.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] (1) Compared with existing thermoelectric ionogel materials mainly based on aqueous solutions, the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel provided by this invention has better thermal stability. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that its weight did not change at 250℃, and its thermal stability was within 1000 W / m³. 2 When tested under light intensity, it still has a thermoelectric potential of no less than 160mV after 1 hour, which means that the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel has good thermal stability.

[0031] (2) This invention constructs a self-heating thermoelectric ion gel by introducing carbon-based photothermal materials into the ion gel, enabling it to spontaneously generate a temperature gradient under the action of sunlight, no longer relying on external heat sources, thus broadening the application scope and scenarios of ion gel.

[0032] (3) The self-heating thermoelectric ion gel prepared by the present invention has a high thermoelectric potential, a high photothermal conversion temperature, a low thermal conductivity, a Seebeck coefficient of not less than 0.85mV / K, an electrical conductivity of not less than 12.9mS / cm, a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.2329W / m / K, and a temperature after photothermal conversion of not less than 40℃. It has excellent photo-thermal-electric conversion performance and can be used to prepare self-heating thermal power generation devices.

[0033] (4) This ion gel comprises a polymer three-dimensional network, a highly conductive ionic liquid, and a carbon-based photothermal material. This self-heating thermoelectric ion gel possesses excellent photothermal conversion capability, high thermoelectric potential, and low thermal conductivity. This results in thermal power generation devices fabricated using this self-heating thermoelectric ion gel exhibiting excellent photo-thermal-electric conversion performance and cycle performance under sunlight. Compared to thermal power generation devices prepared from existing thermoelectric ion gel materials, the self-heating thermal power generation device prepared in this invention has achieved thermoelectric conversion by spontaneously generating a temperature difference from sunlight and exhibits excellent cycle performance. When used in series, it achieves a cycle performance of 1000 W / m. 2 It can generate electricity at least 10 times under sunlight with a light intensity of not less than 160mV. This greatly expands the current application range of thermoelectric ion gels, breaks through the limitation that they need to rely on a fixed heat source during use, and provides a new idea for the development of flexible thermal power generation devices in the future. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is an optical image of the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel in Example 1.

[0035] Figure 2 The graph shows the Seebeck coefficient test results of the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel in Example 1.

[0036] Figure 3 The figure shows the statistical results of the Seebeck coefficient of the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel in different embodiments.

[0037] Figure 4 The graph shows the statistical results of the conductivity of the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel in different embodiments.

[0038] Figure 5 The graph shows the statistical results of the thermal conductivity of the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel in different embodiments.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal power generation device made using a self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in Example 1.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal power generation devices connected in series in Example 1.

[0041] Figure 8 The thermal power generation devices in Example 1, connected in series, achieve a power output of 1000 W / m. 2 The result of the charge-discharge test under sunlight.

[0042] Figure 9 The image shows the charging test results of the thermal power generation devices connected in series in Example 1 under different light intensities.

[0043] Figure 10 The thermal power generation devices in Example 1, connected in series, achieve a power output of 1000 W / m. 2 The result of the cyclic charge-discharge test under sunlight. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] (1) Add 600 mg N,N-dimethylacrylamide and 28.8 mg sodium dinitrile to 1800 mg ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile (the mass ratio of N,N-dimethylacrylamide to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile is 25:75), stir well, then add 6 mg crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, stir well to obtain a mixed solution;

[0047] (2) Take 400mg of the above mixed solution, add 2mg of conductive carbon black and 0.5mg of thermal initiator azobisisobutyronitrile, stir evenly to obtain the first prepolymer liquid, transfer the first prepolymer liquid into a cubic silicone mold, seal the top and bottom with quartz glass, place it in a 90℃ oven for thermal polymerization for 30 minutes to obtain photothermal gel.

[0048] (3) Take 2000 mg of the above mixed solution, add 5 μL of photoinitiator 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone (density 1.034 g / mL), stir evenly, transfer to a cubic silicone mold containing the photothermal gel from step (2) at the bottom, seal both the top and bottom with quartz glass, and place under a 20W ultraviolet lamp for photopolymerization for 2 min to obtain the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel, as shown in the figure below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0049] Tests show that the Seebeck coefficient of the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel in this embodiment is 19.5 mV / K. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The conductivity is 13.01 mS / cm. Figure 4 The thermal conductivity is 0.2329 W / m / K. Figure 5 The temperature after photothermal conversion is 47℃, and it can stably carry out photothermal and thermoelectric conversion under sunlight.

[0050] The self-heating thermoelectric ionizing gel was cut into 15mm×15mm×6mm pieces, and the surface was wiped clean. Polyethylene terephthalate electrodes coated with indium tin oxide were added to the top and bottom sides of the gel, respectively, and compacted to ensure complete adhesion between the electrodes and the gel surface. Enamelled wires were fixed with conductive silver paste to serve as conductors for transmitting electrical signals, thus obtaining a self-heating thermal power generation device (structure as shown). Figure 6 (as shown); further, five of the above-mentioned thermal power generation devices are used in series (structure as shown). Figure 7 As shown), for the series-connected thermal power generation devices at 1000W / m 2 Power generation tests were conducted under high light intensity, and the results were as follows: Figure 8 As shown, different voltages can be generated under different light intensities. Figure 9 After 10 cycles of testing, the thermoelectric potential remained at approximately 160mV. Figure 10 This demonstrates the repeatability and stability of the thermal power generation device under sunlight.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] The preparation method of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment differs from that in Example 1 only in that the mass ratio of N,N-dimethylacrylamide to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile in the mixed solution is 10:90 (the amount of N,N-dimethylacrylamide added is 240 mg, and the amount of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile is 2160 mg), the amount of crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide added is 2.4 mg, and sodium dinitrile is not added; in step (2), 1.2 mg of thermal initiator azobisisobutyronitrile is added; in step (3), 2 μL of photoinitiator 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone is added; the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Tests show that the Seebeck coefficient of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment is 4.98 mV / K, the electrical conductivity is 33.35 mS / cm, the thermal conductivity is 0.2329 W / m / K, and the temperature after photothermal conversion is 47℃.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The preparation method of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment differs from that in Example 1 only in that the mass ratio of N,N-dimethylacrylamide to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile in the mixed solution is 30:70 (the amount of N,N-dimethylacrylamide added is 720 mg, and the amount of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile is 1680 mg), the amount of crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide added is 7.2 mg, and sodium dinitrile is not added; in step (2), 3.6 mg of thermal initiator azobisisobutyronitrile is added; in step (3), 3 μL of photoinitiator 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone is added; the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Tests show that the Seebeck coefficient of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment is 1.03 mV / K, the electrical conductivity is 16.55 mS / cm, the thermal conductivity is 0.2296 W / m / K, and the temperature after photothermal conversion is 47℃. It can stably carry out photothermal and thermoelectric conversion under sunlight.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] The preparation method of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment differs from that in Example 1 only in that sodium dinitrileamine is not added in step (1), while the other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] Tests show that the Seebeck coefficient of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment is 1.63 mV / K, the electrical conductivity is 17.7 mS / cm, the thermal conductivity is 0.2240 W / m / K, and the temperature after photothermal conversion is 47℃. It can stably carry out photothermal and thermoelectric conversion under sunlight.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] The preparation method of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment differs from that in Example 1 only in that 43.2 mg of sodium dinitrileamine is added in step (1), and the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Tests show that the Seebeck coefficient of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment is 4.52 mV / K, the electrical conductivity is 13.01 mS / cm, the thermal conductivity is 0.2329 W / m / K, and the temperature after photothermal conversion is 47℃. It can stably carry out photothermal and thermoelectric conversion under sunlight.

[0063] Example 6

[0064] The preparation method of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment differs from that in Example 1 only in that 1 mg of thermal initiator azobisisobutyronitrile is added in step (2), and the other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Tests show that the Seebeck coefficient of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in this embodiment is 19.5 mV / K, the electrical conductivity is 12.9 mS / cm, the thermal conductivity is 0.2329 W / m / K, and the temperature after photothermal conversion is 47℃. It can stably carry out photothermal and thermoelectric conversion under sunlight.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] The only difference between this comparative example and the preparation method of the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel in Example 1 is that, in the mixed solution, the mass ratio of N,N-dimethylacrylamide to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile is 5:95 (the amount of N,N-dimethylacrylamide added is 120 mg, and the amount of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dinitrile is 2280 mg), and the amount of crosslinking agent N,N-methylenebisacrylamide added is 1.2 mg; in step (2), 1.2 mg of thermal initiator azobisisobutyronitrile is added; in step (3), 1.2 μL of photoinitiator 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone is added; the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0068] Because the content of propylene monomers is too low, the above method cannot form a gel with a stable structure.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] The only difference between this comparative example and the preparation method of the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel in Example 1 is that 50 mg of conductive carbon black is added in step (2); the remaining steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0071] Excessive addition of carbon-based photothermal materials leads to uneven dispersion of the materials, which is not conducive to the preparation of self-heating thermoelectric ionogels.

[0072] Sample Analysis

[0073] As can be seen from the above embodiments, comparative examples, and corresponding test results, the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel provided by the present invention has flexibility and thermoelectric properties, making it very suitable for preparing self-heating thermal power generation devices. Moreover, the prepared self-heating thermal power generation devices can not only work by attaching to a fixed heat source, but also be used under light conditions without the fixed heat source. Furthermore, they have good repeatability and stability, and good thermoelectric conversion performance, which greatly expands the applicable scope of current thermal power generation ion materials.

[0074] The embodiments described above provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, additions, or similar substitutions made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a self-heating thermoelectric ionogel, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The carbon-based photothermal material, propylene-based monomer, ionic liquid, crosslinking agent and thermal initiator are mixed evenly to obtain the first prepolymer liquid, and then thermally polymerized to obtain the photothermal gel; (2) Mix the propylene monomer, ionic liquid, crosslinking agent and photoinitiator evenly to obtain a second prepolymer liquid. Transfer the second prepolymer liquid to the photothermal gel prepared in step (1) and further photopolymerize to obtain the self-heating thermoelectric ionic gel. The ionic liquid is at least one of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dinitrile, 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dinitrile, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dinitrile, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium dinitrile, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dinitrile, N-ethylpyridine dinitrile, and N-butylpyridine dinitrile. In the first and second prepolymer solutions, the mass ratio of propylene monomer to ionic liquid is 10-30:70-90; in the first prepolymer solution, based on the total mass of propylene monomer and ionic liquid being 100%, the content of carbon-based photothermal material is 0.3%-4%. In steps (1) and (2), the propylene monomer is at least one of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, acrylamide, and dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide; The first and second prepolymer solutions also include a thermoelectric enhancer, which is sodium dinitrileamine; the content of the thermoelectric enhancer in the first and second prepolymer solutions is 0-1.8% based on the total mass of propylene monomer and ionic liquid being 100%.

2. The method for preparing the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon-based photothermal materials include conductive carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carboxylated carbon nanotubes, or graphene oxide.

3. The method for preparing the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps (1) and (2), the crosslinking agent is N,N-methylenebisacrylamide; in step (1), the thermal initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile or benzoyl peroxide; in step (2), the photoinitiator is 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone or 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone.

4. The method for preparing the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the thermal polymerization conditions are: temperature not lower than 70 ℃ and polymerization time not lower than 30 minutes; in step (2), the photopolymerization conditions are: ultraviolet light intensity not lower than 20 W and polymerization time not lower than 2 minutes.

5. The method for preparing the self-heating thermoelectric ionogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first prepolymer liquid, the content of crosslinking agent is 0.5%~2% and the content of thermal initiator is 0.5%~10% based on the mass of propylene monomer; in the second prepolymer liquid, the content of crosslinking agent is 0.5%~2% and the content of photoinitiator is 0.5%~10% based on the mass of propylene monomer.

6. A self-heating thermoelectric ionizing gel prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

7. The self-heating thermoelectric ionogel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The self-heating thermoelectric ionogel has a Seebeck coefficient of not less than 0.85 mV / K, an electrical conductivity of not less than 12.9 mS / cm, a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.2329 W / m / K, and a temperature of not less than 40℃ after photothermal conversion.

8. A thermal power generation device, characterized in that, The aforementioned thermal power generation device includes the self-heating thermoelectric ion gel as described in claim 6 or 7.

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