High-temperature-resistant super-hydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and moisture-permeable film, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high-temperature-resistant super-hydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and moisture-permeable membranes and preparation method and application thereof, belong to electrostatic spinning functional material technical field technical field.The preparation method disclosed in the application comprises the following steps: S1, polymer is dissolved in solvent, spinning solution is configured, and nanofiber membrane is prepared on receiving substrate by electrostatic spinning method;S2, nanofiber membrane in step S1 is immersed in hydrophobic agent to obtain composite fiber membrane;S3, composite fiber membrane in step S2 is heat treated to obtain the high-temperature-resistant super-hydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane.The high-temperature-resistant super-hydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and moisture-permeable membrane disclosed in the application has water pressure resistance ≥150kPa, moisture permeability ≥15000g / m 2 / d, water contact angle ≥155°, high-temperature resistance 300℃, has excellent high-temperature resistance and flame-retardant performance, stable super-hydrophobic performance, high water permeation resistance and moisture permeability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrospun functional materials technology, and in particular to a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern functional clothing, waterproof and breathable membranes are core materials designed to block liquid water while allowing water vapor to pass through, thereby improving the waterproof and breathable properties of garments. Electrospinning technology exhibits unique advantages in the preparation of nanofiber membranes, such as its simplicity and wide availability of raw materials. However, existing technologies have some limitations, particularly in applications under high-temperature conditions, requiring better performance to meet the needs of certain specialized fields.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for preparing waterproof and breathable membranes include polyurethane nanofiber waterproof and breathable membranes, waterproof and breathable composite fabrics containing fluorinated graphene, and waterproof and breathable nanofiber composite fabrics, among which electrospinning technology has been widely used in this field. However, the performance of existing nanofiber waterproof and breathable membranes under high-temperature conditions is relatively limited, especially since they begin to decompose at around 150℃, restricting their application in high-temperature environments. Some waterproof and breathable membranes prepared by existing technologies have poor dimensional stability at high temperatures, which may lead to a decline in clothing performance in some special environments. Furthermore, the flame-retardant properties of some nanofiber waterproof and breathable membranes need improvement. These nanofiber waterproof and breathable membranes have poor temperature resistance, begin to decompose at 150℃, have poor dimensional stability at high temperatures, and low flame-retardant properties, severely limiting their application in functional protective clothing such as firefighting suits, boiler room work clothes, and field uniforms.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide a waterproof and breathable membrane that has temperature resistance, flame retardancy, and high water permeability resistance to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a method for preparing a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The prepared nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane possesses excellent high-temperature resistance and flame retardancy, high water permeability resistance, and high moisture permeability.

[0006] The present invention also provides a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0007] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Dissolve the polymer in a solvent to prepare a spinning solution, and prepare a nanofiber membrane on a receiving substrate by electrospinning.

[0010] S2. The nanofiber membrane from step S1 is impregnated in a hydrophobic agent to obtain a composite fiber membrane.

[0011] S3. The composite fiber membrane in step S2 is heat-treated to obtain the high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0012] The high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane according to the first aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0013] This invention prepares a high-temperature resistant polymer nanofiber membrane using electrospinning technology. Subsequently, the nanofiber membrane is impregnated with a hydrophobic agent to enhance its hydrophobicity and optimize its pore structure. The composite fiber membrane is then heat-treated to induce shrinkage and adhesion within the hydrophobic agent, forming a wrinkled and rough structure, achieving a superhydrophobic effect. Finally, a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic, waterproof, and breathable nanofiber membrane is obtained. The composite nanomembrane possesses a small pore structure and ultra-low surface energy. Its excellent waterproof properties give it good resistance to liquid water penetration, while the interconnected pore structure efficiently conducts sweat and moisture, giving it excellent breathability. Furthermore, the polymer fibers and hydrophobic agent maintain their hydrophobic effect and structural stability even at high temperatures, ensuring the composite membrane retains good waterproof, breathable, and flame-retardant properties in high-temperature environments.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the polymer includes at least one of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), polyimide, polymethacrylamide, and polybenzimidazole.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the mass fraction of the polymer in the spinning solution is 3-30%.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the solvent is a good solvent for the polymer.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the polymer is poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), the solvent is dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; when the polymer is poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), the solvent is dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; when the polymer is polyimide, the solvent is methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide; when the polymer is polymethacrylimide, the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide; and when the polymer is polybenzimidazole, the solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and chloroform.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the electrospinning voltage is 1 to 50 kV.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the electrospinning receiving distance is 5 to 40 cm.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the supply rate of the electrospinning solution is 0.5 to 5 mL / h.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the thickness of the obtained nanofiber membrane is 10 to 100 μm.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the receiving substrate includes at least one of nonwoven fabric, glassine release paper, aluminum foil, woven fabric and copper mesh.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the temperature of the soaking treatment is 20 to 50°C.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the soaking time is 1 to 30 minutes.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the soaking treatment is carried out at room temperature for 5 to 30 minutes.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the heat treatment is selected from at least one of hot air oven treatment, microwave heating treatment and infrared lamp radiation heating.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, when the heat treatment is carried out using a hot air oven, the treatment temperature is 60-180°C, the heat treatment time is 10-120 minutes, and the room temperature is left for 5-20 minutes.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, when microwave heating is selected for heat treatment, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the power is 700W, the treatment time is 30-300s, and the microwave is placed at room temperature for 5-30min.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, when infrared lamp radiation heating is used, the wavelength of the infrared lamp is 0.76 to 5 μm, the power density is 400 to 4000 mW / cm, the radiation time is 10 to 60 s, and the room temperature is placed for 5 to 30 min.

[0030] A second aspect of the present invention provides a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane prepared by the above-described preparation method, wherein the high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane has a water pressure resistance ≥150 kPa and a moisture permeability ≥15000 g / m³. 2 / d, water contact angle ≥155°, high temperature resistance 300℃.

[0031] The high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane according to the second aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane of this invention has superhydrophobic properties and extremely small pore size between fibers. Therefore, it can effectively prevent external liquid water from penetrating into the clothing, thereby achieving excellent waterproof performance of the composite fiber membrane. The interconnected pore structure ensures the rapid discharge of water vapor, while also having excellent waterproof and breathable performance. Its overall waterproof and breathable performance is superior to related products on the market.

[0033] The high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane of the present invention uses high-temperature resistant polymer raw materials for nanofibers and high-temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion as hydrophobic agent. The composite fiber membrane can maintain the stability of its size structure and hydrophobic effect in a high-temperature environment (300℃).

[0034] The high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane of the present invention has a simple molding process, low cost, and excellent high temperature resistance and flame retardant properties, stable superhydrophobic properties, high water permeability resistance and breathability.

[0035] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane prepared by the preparation method in the field of functional protective clothing.

[0036] The application of the carbon nanotube / nanofiber composite membrane according to the third aspect embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0037] The high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane of the present invention has a simple molding process and low cost. It has excellent high-temperature resistance and flame retardant properties, stable superhydrophobic properties, high water permeability resistance and breathability, and is expected to be applied to high-end protective clothing such as fire fighting suits, boiler room work clothes, and field uniforms.

[0038] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following will describe the concept and technical effects of the present invention clearly and completely with reference to embodiments, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention are commercially available or obtainable by those skilled in the art; unless otherwise specified, all methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are methods mastered by those skilled in the art.

[0041] It should be noted here that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Prepare a 15% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 16cm, the solution supply rate is 3mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0045] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 20°C for 10 minutes, then leave it at room temperature for 10 minutes.

[0046] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 80℃ for 30 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 15500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Prepare a 20% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0050] Step 2: Prepare a 10% oily PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0051] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 100℃ for 50 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 10 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 165kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Prepare a 14% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a copper grid by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 30cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 70μm.

[0055] Step 2: Prepare a 30% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 35°C for 10 minutes, then leave it at room temperature for 10 minutes.

[0056] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 120 seconds and placed at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 160°, a water pressure resistance of 160 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Prepare a 24% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a copper grid by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 25cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0060] Step 2: Prepare a 25% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 15 minutes, followed by 8 minutes at room temperature.

[0061] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 100 seconds and placed at room temperature for 15 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 150 kPa, a moisture permeability of 15000 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0062] Example 5

[0063] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Prepare a 10% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0065] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0066] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 4μm, a power density of 500mW / cm, an irradiation time of 40s, and a room temperature of 30min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 155kPa, a moisture permeability of 17000g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: Prepare a 12% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the solution supply rate is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0070] Step 2: Prepare a 12% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 10 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0071] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 60 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 15 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 159°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0072] Example 7

[0073] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Prepare a 12% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20 kV, the receiving distance is 15 cm, and the solution supply rate is 1.5 mL / h. The thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80 μm.

[0075] Step 2: Prepare a 6% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0076] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 4μm, a power density of 600mW / cm, an irradiation time of 40s, and a room temperature of 30min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 157kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0077] Example 8

[0078] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Prepare an 8% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0080] Step 2: Prepare a 12% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0081] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 3μm, a power density of 450mW / cm, an irradiation time of 40s, and a room temperature of 20min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 157°, a water pressure resistance of 155kPa, a moisture permeability of 16800g / m2 / d in a low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0082] Example 9

[0083] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0084] Step 1: Prepare an 8% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 18cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0085] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 15 minutes.

[0086] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 120℃ for 60 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 157kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0087] Example 10

[0088] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0089] Step 1: Prepare a 20% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a copper grid by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the feeding rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0090] Step 2: Prepare a 20% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 10 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0091] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 200 seconds and placed at room temperature for 18 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 157°, a water pressure resistance of 156 kPa, a moisture permeability of 15500 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0092] Example 11

[0093] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: Prepare a 15% (w / w) poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20 kV, the receiving distance is 10 cm, and the solution supply rate is 2.5 mL / h. The thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80 μm.

[0095] Step 2: Prepare an 18% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 18 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0096] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 90 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 158kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0097] Example 12

[0098] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0099] Step 1: Prepare a 24% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 90μm.

[0100] Step 2: Prepare a 20% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 10 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0101] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 100℃ for 100 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 155kPa, a moisture permeability of 16100g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0102] Example 13

[0103] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0104] Step 1: Prepare a 18% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 18cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0105] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 20°C for 5 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0106] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment for 10 seconds and placed at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 160°, a water pressure resistance of 158 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0107] Example 14

[0108] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0109] Step 1: Prepare a 12% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20 kV, the receiving distance is 15 cm, and the solution supply rate is 1.5 mL / h. The thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80 μm.

[0110] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0111] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 70 minutes, followed by room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16300g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0112] Example 15

[0113] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0114] Step 1: Prepare a 15% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 18cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0115] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 20°C for 15 minutes, then leave it at room temperature for 15 minutes.

[0116] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 4.5μm, a power density of 480mW / cm, a treatment time of 20s, and then placed at room temperature for 20min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0117] Example 16

[0118] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0119] Step 1: Prepare a 10% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a copper grid by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30 kV, the receiving distance is 15 cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 1.0 mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100 μm.

[0120] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 8 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0121] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 3μm, a power density of 500mW / cm, a treatment time of 15s, and placed at room temperature for 25min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 155kPa, a moisture permeability of 15800g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0122] Example 17

[0123] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0124] Step 1: Prepare a 15% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25 kV, the receiving distance is 20 cm, the solution supply rate is 0.8 mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80 μm.

[0125] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 18 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0126] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 22 minutes, followed by room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 157kPa, a moisture permeability of 15800g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0127] Example 18

[0128] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0129] Step 1: Prepare a 10% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, and the solution supply rate is 0.8mL / h. The thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0130] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 25 minutes.

[0131] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 150 seconds and placed at room temperature for 25 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 157°, a water pressure resistance of 160 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0132] Example 19

[0133] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0134] Step 1: Prepare a 15% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a copper grid by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 35kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 90μm.

[0135] Step 2: Prepare an 8% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0136] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 2μm, a power density of 600mW / cm, an irradiation time of 20s, and a room temperature of 10min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 157kPa, a moisture permeability of 15500g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0137] Example 20

[0138] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0139] Step 1: Prepare a 18% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30 kV, the receiving distance is 18 cm, the solution supply rate is 2 mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100 μm.

[0140] Step 2: Prepare a 12% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0141] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 90 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 163kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0142] Example 21

[0143] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0144] Step 1: Prepare a 16% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, and the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h. The thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 90μm.

[0145] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 10 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0146] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 120℃ for 60 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 15 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 159°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16800g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0147] Example 22

[0148] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0149] Step 1: Prepare a 15% (w / w) poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0150] Step 2: Prepare an 8% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0151] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 80 seconds and placed at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 161 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0152] Example 23

[0153] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0154] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polyimide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 70μm.

[0155] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0156] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 120℃ for 60 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 160°, a water pressure resistance of 157kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0157] Example 24

[0158] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0159] Step 1: Prepare an 8% polyimide solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 13cm, the solution supply rate is 1.2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0160] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 20°C for 5 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0161] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 18 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0162] Example 25

[0163] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0164] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polyimide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 1.2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0165] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, and then place it at room temperature for 30 minutes.

[0166] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 4μm, a power density of 450mW / cm, an irradiation time of 40s, and a room temperature of 25min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 157°, a water pressure resistance of 168kPa, a moisture permeability of 15700g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0167] Example 26

[0168] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0169] Step 1: Prepare a 15% polyimide solution using dimethylformamide as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0170] Step 2: Prepare a 20% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 10 minutes, followed by 5 minutes at room temperature.

[0171] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 3μm, a power density of 500mW / cm, an irradiation time of 30s, and a room temperature of 20min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 160°, a water pressure resistance of 165kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0172] Example 27

[0173] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0174] Step 1: Prepare a 12% polyimide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 35kV, the receiving distance is 30cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0175] Step 2: Prepare an 8% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, followed by 5 minutes at room temperature.

[0176] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 100 seconds and placed at room temperature for 25 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 165 kPa, a moisture permeability of 17000 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0177] Example 28

[0178] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0179] Step 1: Prepare a 20% polyimide solution using methylpyrrolidone as solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 16cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0180] Step 2: Prepare an 8% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 20°C for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0181] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 90℃ for 60 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0182] Example 29

[0183] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0184] Step 1: Prepare a 15% polyimide solution using methylpyrrolidone as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on Rasin release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0185] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 30 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0186] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 120℃ for 80 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0187] Example 30

[0188] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0189] Step 1: Prepare a 15% polyimide solution using methylpyrrolidone as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on Racine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 15kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 85μm.

[0190] Step 2: Prepare a 25% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0191] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 150℃ for 100 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 158kPa, a moisture permeability of 16800g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0192] Example 31

[0193] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0194] Step 1: Prepare a 15% polyimide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0195] Step 2: Prepare a 6% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0196] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 100 seconds and placed at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 157°, a water pressure resistance of 160 kPa, a moisture permeability of 15800 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0197] Example 32

[0198] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0199] Step 1: Prepare a polyimide solution with a mass fraction of 18% using methylpyrrolidone as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 35kV, the receiving distance is 25cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0200] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0201] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 3μm, a power density of 600mW / cm, an irradiation time of 40s, and a room temperature of 15min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0202] Example 33

[0203] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0204] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polyimide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0205] Step 2: Prepare a 12% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 10 minutes, then leave it at room temperature for 10 minutes.

[0206] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 120 seconds and placed at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 164 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16800 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0207] Example 34

[0208] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0209] Step 1: Prepare a 10% (w / w) polymethacrylimide solution using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 18kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0210] Step 2: Prepare a 25% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0211] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 100 seconds and placed at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 160°, a water pressure resistance of 160 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0212] Example 35

[0213] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0214] Step 1: Prepare a 20% (w / w) polymethacrylimide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0215] Step 2: Prepare an 8% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at an impregnation temperature of 20°C for 25 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0216] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 120 seconds and placed at room temperature for 25 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 153 kPa, a moisture permeability of 15000 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0217] Example 36

[0218] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0219] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polymethacrylamide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0220] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 30 minutes, followed by 8 minutes at room temperature.

[0221] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 70 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 160°, a water pressure resistance of 156kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0222] Example 37

[0223] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0224] Step 1: Prepare a 12% (w / w) polymethacrylimide solution using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 20kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 1mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 90μm.

[0225] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 10 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0226] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 4μm, a power density of 700mW / cm, an irradiation time of 20s, and a room temperature of 10min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 159kPa, a moisture permeability of 15500g g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0227] Example 38

[0228] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0229] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polymethacrylamide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 85μm.

[0230] Step 2: Prepare an 8% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 30 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0231] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 100 seconds and placed at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 157°, a water pressure resistance of 159 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0232] Example 39

[0233] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0234] Step 1: Prepare a 15% polymethacrylamide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0235] Step 2: Prepare a 20% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0236] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 90 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 15 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 155kPa, a moisture permeability of 16300g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0237] Example 40

[0238] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0239] Step 1: Prepare a 15% polymethacrylimide solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0240] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 10 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0241] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 50 seconds and placed at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 160 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0242] Example 41

[0243] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0244] Step 1: Prepare an 8% polymethacrylimide solution using dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0245] Step 2: Prepare a 12% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0246] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 4μm, a power density of 600mW / cm, an irradiation time of 30s, and a room temperature of 10min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16700g / m2 / d in a low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0247] Example 42

[0248] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0249] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polymethacrylamide solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 18cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0250] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 18 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0251] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 120℃ for 80 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 156kPa, a moisture permeability of 16300g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0252] Example 43

[0253] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0254] Step 1: Prepare a 25% (w / w) polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30 kV, the receiving distance is 20 cm, the solution supply rate is 0.5 mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 50 μm.

[0255] Step 2: Prepare a 25% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, then leave it at room temperature for 25 minutes.

[0256] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 120℃ for 20 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 15 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 156kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0257] Example 44

[0258] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0259] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on woven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 50μm.

[0260] Step 2: Prepare a 7% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 15 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature.

[0261] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 120℃ for 60 minutes, followed by 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 158kPa, a moisture permeability of 15800g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0262] Example 45

[0263] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0264] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polybenzimidazole solution using chloroform as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 30cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0265] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 8 minutes at room temperature.

[0266] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 100 seconds and placed at room temperature for 25 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 160 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0267] Example 46

[0268] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0269] Step 1: Prepare an 8% (w / w) polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a copper grid by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 25cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0270] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 25 minutes, and then place it at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0271] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 50 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 10 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 15500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0272] Example 47

[0273] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0274] Step 1: Prepare a 15% (w / w) polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0275] Step 2: Prepare a 16% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0276] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 3μm, a power density of 850mW / cm, an irradiation time of 30s, and a room temperature of 30min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 155kPa, a moisture permeability of 15700g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0277] Example 48

[0278] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0279] Step 1: Prepare a 10% (w / w) polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Then, prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 90μm.

[0280] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0281] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at 100℃ for 60 minutes, followed by room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 159°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0282] Example 49

[0283] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0284] Step 1: Prepare a 10% polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylformamide as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 22kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0285] Step 2: Prepare a 10% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0286] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 4μm, a power density of 750mW / cm, an irradiation time of 30s, and a room temperature of 20min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 160kPa, a moisture permeability of 15800g / m2 / d in a low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0287] Example 50

[0288] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0289] Step 1: Prepare an 8% polybenzimidazole solution using chloroform as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 10cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 90μm.

[0290] Step 2: Prepare a 12% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 20 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 30 minutes.

[0291] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 120 seconds and placed at room temperature for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 158°, a water pressure resistance of 163 kPa, a moisture permeability of 15900 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0292] Example 51

[0293] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0294] Step 1: Prepare a 15% polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the liquid supply rate of the spinning solution is 3mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0295] Step 2: Prepare a 6% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 20°C for 30 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 30 minutes.

[0296] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 150 seconds and placed at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 165 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16000 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0297] Example 52

[0298] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0299] Step 1: Prepare a 20% (w / w) polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylformamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on aluminum foil by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 35kV, the receiving distance is 22cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0300] Step 2: Prepare a 12% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0301] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 150℃ for 60 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 20 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 159°, a water pressure resistance of 161kPa, a moisture permeability of 16500g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0302] Example 53

[0303] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0304] Step 1: Prepare a 10% (w / w) polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylformamide as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a copper grid by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 15cm, the solution supply rate is 2.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 80μm.

[0305] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 30°C for 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes at room temperature.

[0306] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to infrared radiation heating treatment with a wavelength of 3μm, a power density of 750mW / cm, an irradiation time of 20s, and a room temperature of 20min to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 155°, a water pressure resistance of 167kPa, a moisture permeability of 16400g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0307] Example 54

[0308] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0309] Step 1: Prepare a 20% polybenzimidazole solution using dimethylacetamide as a solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on a nonwoven fabric by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 25kV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the supply rate of the spinning solution is 2mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0310] Step 2: Prepare a 16% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 25°C for 20 minutes, and then leave it at room temperature for 20 minutes.

[0311] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to microwave heating treatment for 80 seconds and placed at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 157°, a water pressure resistance of 163 kPa, a moisture permeability of 16800 g / m2 / d in a low-humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0312] Example 55

[0313] A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0314] Step 1: Prepare a 12% (w / w) polybenzimidazole solution using chloroform as solvent. Prepare a high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane on glassine release paper by electrospinning. The spinning voltage is 30kV, the receiving distance is 25cm, the solution supply rate is 1.5mL / h, and the thickness of the obtained high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane is 100μm.

[0315] Step 2: Prepare a 15% aqueous PTFE emulsion and impregnate the high-temperature resistant nanofiber membrane at a temperature of 20°C for 22 minutes, followed by 15 minutes at room temperature.

[0316] Step 3: The prepared composite fiber membrane is subjected to hot air drying oven treatment at a temperature of 150℃ for 90 minutes, followed by room temperature treatment for 15 minutes to obtain a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The membrane has a water contact angle of 156°, a water pressure resistance of 163kPa, a moisture permeability of 16600g / m2 / d in low humidity environment, and a high temperature resistance of 300℃.

[0317] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other unless otherwise specified.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane suitable for use in functional protective clothing, characterized in that, The specific steps of the preparation method are as follows: S1. Dissolve the polymer in a solvent to prepare a spinning solution, and prepare a nanofiber membrane on a receiving substrate by electrospinning. S2. The nanofiber membrane from step S1 is impregnated in a hydrophobic agent to obtain a composite fiber membrane. S3. The composite fiber membrane in step S2 is heat-treated to obtain the high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane. The nanofibers are made from a high-temperature resistant polymer, and the hydrophobic agent is a high-temperature resistant polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion. In step S3, the heat treatment is selected from at least one of hot air oven treatment, microwave heating treatment, and infrared lamp radiation heating; when the heat treatment is selected from hot air oven treatment, the treatment temperature is 60-180℃, the heat treatment time is 10-120 minutes, and the room temperature is left for 5-20 minutes; when the heat treatment is selected from microwave heating treatment, the microwave frequency is 2450MHz, the power is 700W, the treatment time is 30-300s, and the room temperature is left for 5-30 minutes; when the heat treatment is selected from infrared lamp radiation heating, the wavelength of the infrared lamp is 0.76-5μm, the power density is 400-4000mW / cm, the radiation time is 10-60s, and the room temperature is left for 5-30 minutes. In step S1, the polymer includes at least one of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), polyimide, polymethacrylamide, and polybenzimidazole.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the mass fraction of the polymer in the spinning solution is 3-30%.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the solvent is a good solvent for the polymer.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the polymer is poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), the solvent is dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; when the polymer is poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), the solvent is dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; when the polymer is polyimide, the solvent is methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide; when the polymer is polymethacrylimide, the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and dimethylacetamide; when the polymer is polybenzimidazole, the solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and chloroform.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the electrospinning voltage is 1 to 50 kV.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the electrospinning receiving distance is 5 to 40 cm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the supply rate of the electrospinning solution is 0.5 to 5 mL / h.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the thickness of the obtained nanofiber membrane is 10–100 μm.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the receiving substrate includes at least one of nonwoven fabric, glassine release paper, aluminum foil, woven fabric, and copper mesh.

10. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the hydrophobic agent is at least one of aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and oil-based polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion.

11. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average size of the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is 10–100 nm.

12. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is 5-30%.

13. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the temperature of the impregnation treatment is 20–50°C.

14. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the immersion treatment time is 1 to 30 minutes.

15. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the immersion treatment is carried out at room temperature for 5 to 30 minutes.

16. A high-temperature resistant, superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane has a water pressure resistance ≥150kPa and a moisture permeability ≥15000g / m³. 2 / d, water contact angle ≥155°, high temperature resistance 300℃.

17. The application of a high-temperature resistant superhydrophobic nanofiber waterproof and breathable membrane prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 in the field of functional protective clothing.